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ZANZIBAR STONE TOWN Management Plan for the World Heritage Site

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ZANZIBAR STONE TOWN Management Plan for the World Heritage Site ZANZIBAR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN ZZZAAANNNZZZIIIBBBAAARRR SSSTTTOOONNNEEE TTTOOOWWWNNN Heritage Management Programme SYA 1 ZANZIBAR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN ZANZIBAR STONE TOWN Management Plan for the World Heritage Site Saad Yahya & Associates, Planners & Chartered Surveyors Maendeleo Ya Wanawake House P. O. Box 14687–00800, Nbi/ 3826 Zanzibar. Tel: +254 20 2252295 [email protected] December 2008 2 ZANZIBAR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN Acknowledgement The Consultants wish to thank all those persons, institutions and groups who have contributed to the work by way of information, documents, views, suggestions or encouragement. Unfortunately, we cannot list all of them here. Special mention must be made of the support received from the STCDA Director General Issa Makarani and his staff, namely Muhammad Juma, Faiza Abdullah, Fatma Ali, Masoud Rashid, Madina Haji, Khadija Muhammed, Said Seif, Musa Awesu, Suhad Sultan and Marine Hassan. The Consultants were represented by Dr. James Mutero (Economist), Madi-Jimba Yahya (GIS Specialist), Silvia Carbonetti (Architect), Monica Nyawira (Urban Planner) and Professor Saad Saleh Yahya (Team Leader). 3 ZANZIBAR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 THE HISTORIC TOWN OF STONE TOWN: A WORLD HERITAGE SITE............9 1.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................9 1.2 The Purpose of the Management Programme..................................................9 1.3 The Preparation of the Management Plan.......................................................11 2 DESCRIPTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE ........13 2.1 Location and Existing Boundaries of the Site .................................................13 2.2 The Buffer Zone of the World Heritage Site ...................................................14 2.2.1 Threats to the Conservation Area and Buffer Zone........................14 2.2.2 Recommendations in the Pound Report...........................................15 2.2.3 Recommendations................................................................................16 2.3 History and Evolution of the World Heritage Site ........................................16 3 EVALUATION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE.................................................21 3.1 Criteria of Inscription of the World Heritage Site..........................................21 3.2 The Outstanding Universal Values of the World Heritage Site...................22 3.3 Cultural Landscape.............................................................................................24 4 THE MANAGEMENT ISSUES OF THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE ......................26 4.1 Current Pressures on the Site’s Outstanding Values and Significance.......26 4.2 Pressures on the Architectural Significance: The Care and Protection of the Historic Fabric ..............................................26 4.2.1 Issues......................................................................................................27 4.2.2 Skilled labour force..............................................................................28 4.2.3 Building Materials................................................................................28 4.2.4 Major Repairs and Related Issues......................................................29 4.2.5 Minor Repairs and Related Issues .....................................................30 4.2.6 Use of Conservation Guidelines in Major and Minor Repairs......31 4 ZANZIBAR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN 4.2.7 New Construction, Issues ...................................................................32 4.2.8 Use of Conservation Guidelines in New Construction ..................33 4.3 Listed Buildings, Review of Lists and Criteria of Inclusion. ........................36 4.3.1 Existing Situation .................................................................................36 4.3.2 Existing Criteria and Regulation .......................................................36 4.3.3 List of Buildings in Danger.................................................................37 4.4 Pressures on the Tourism Value .......................................................................39 4.5 Pressures on the Educational Value.................................................................41 4.6 Traffic....................................................................................................................41 5 CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE.........................42 5.1 Ownership and Interests....................................................................................42 5.2 Management and Responsibility ......................................................................42 5.2.1 The Ministry of Construction, Lands, Water and Energy.............42 5.2.2 Stone Town Conservation and Development Authority ..............43 5.2.3 The Department of Antiquities and Monuments...........................43 5.2.4 Zanzibar Municipal Council .............................................................43 5.2.5 Zanzibar Stone Town Heritage Society ............................................43 5.2.6 Shehas ...................................................................................................43 5.2.7 The State University ............................................................................44 5.3 Planning and Policy Framework ......................................................................44 5.3.1 The Planning System ...........................................................................44 5.3.2 Planning for Zanzibar Municipality..................................................44 5.3.4 Other Relevant Plans and Protocols..................................................44 5.4 Statutory Designations.......................................................................................45 5.4.1 WHS status............................................................................................45 6 A VISION FOR THE STONE TOWN...........................................................................46 5 ZANZIBAR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 OBJECTIVES OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................47 7.1 Site Definition and Appreciation......................................................................47 7.2 Protecting the Built Environment.....................................................................48 7.3 Visitor Management...........................................................................................49 7.4 Services Delivery and Infrastructure ...............................................................50 7.5 The Public Realm................................................................................................51 7.6 Safe and Inclusive Environments .....................................................................52 7.7 Circulation............................................................................................................52 8 PROGRAMME FOR SPECIAL ACTION ....................................................................53 8.1 Identification of Areas with Development Potential.....................................53 8.2 Selection and Criteria .........................................................................................53 8.3 Development and Design issues.......................................................................54 8.4 Local Action Areas..............................................................................................56 8.4.1 Funguni Creek and Lagoon................................................................56 8.4.2 Kiwanda cha Madawa (Drugs Factory)............................................58 8.4.3 Open Areas in the Stone Town ..........................................................60 8.4.4 Mnazi Mmoja Area................................................................................66 8.4.4 Mnazi Mmoja Area................................................................................67 Strategy for a Conservation Centre ..............................................................................68 Strategy for a Conservation Centre ..............................................................................68 9 IMPLEMENTING THE MANAGEMENT PLAN......................................................69 9.1 Implementation ...................................................................................................69 9.2 Partnerships and Commitment.........................................................................69 9.3 Funding and Resources......................................................................................71 9.4 Monitoring and Reviewing the Management Plan........................................72 9.5 Implementation Plan..........................................................................................73 6 ZANZIBAR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The relationship between the HMP and the Strategic Conservation Plan Plan Figure 2: Proposed action areas Figure 3: Boundaries of Funguni creek Figure 4: View of the Funguni Lagoon Figure 5: Funguni creek Action Area Plan Figure 6: Boundaries of Kiwanda cha Madawa Action Area Figure 8: Drugs Factory Action Area Plan Figure 7: View of the main façade of the building. Figure 9: Location of identified Open Areas Figure 10: View of the Open Area; on the right the external walls of Malindi Caravanserai Figure 11: Malindi Caravanserai Action Area Plan Figure 12:
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