HOW to BEGIN Part 2

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

HOW to BEGIN Part 2 • 2 • HOW TO BEGIN part 2 It is late April, still the cruellest month, in 1965. And it is London, still “swinging”— but not for everyone. London is certainly not swinging for Patricia Highsmith, the attractive, fi ercely ambitious, and, in Eu rope at least, seriously regarded forty- four- year- old American “suspense” writer whose alabaster skin and almond eyes have only just begun to show the signs of her drinking and her disappointments. She has driven down to North London— she has some business with the BBC1— from her rural residence in Suffolk, Bridge Cottage in Earl Soham, having passed the winter holidays of 1964–65 in her usual festive spirits. “The holidays here exhaust one, creeping through closed windows like a poisonous gas,” Pat writes from Suffolk, sounding just like a Highsmith char- acter. Never one to greet the New Year with anything like enthusiasm (“Happy New Year . I hate the phrase”),2 she complains steadily of the En glish weather, the En glish temperament, and the “dreary” En glish pubs with their “danger- ous dart- games.”3 She is— this has only darkened her mood— deep in the dy- ing stages of an En glish love affair. The object of Pat’s affections is a vibrantly attractive, classically cultured, solidly married Londoner— we’ll call her Caroline Besterman*— and she is the most profound attachment of Pat’s adult life. Pat’s fi rst meeting with Caro- line in London in the summer of 1962 left her love-struck as never before. The honeymoon the two women managed to steal in France that autumn set the seal on their love affair. Pat fl ew over to Paris from New York to scoop Caro- line shyly off the boat train from London and spend a delerious long week * Caroline Besterman is a pseudonym. 038-41846_ch01_6P.indd 11 10/15/09 9:02 PM 12 the talented miss highsmith with her in a hotel in the Sixth arrondissement, a week Pat described in scorching terms. “She . melts into my arms as if she were smelted by Vul- can expressly for that purpose. I can make love happily to her all night long.” 4 Some of this love affair was conducted in public. Pat, whose late- life neigh- bors in Switzerland saw her shudder away from the touch of other people, even to the extent of refusing formal handshakes, felt free enough on the streets of Paris in late 1962 to embrace Caroline Besterman so passionately that her own earring fl ew off and rolled out of sight down the Boulevard St- Germain.5 “ ‘Can I kiss you in some doorway?,’ ” Pat asked, deferentially. “ ‘Never mind the doorway,’ ” said Caroline.6 When they could bear to leave their bed, the two women dined and drank à la française, paid a visit to Baudelaire’s tomb and Notre Dame, went to the ceremonies for the Prix Goncourt (Pat was a little surprised to see a woman win),7 and met several times with Pat’s French translator, Jean Rosenthal, who gave her clear advice about French publishing houses. Pat, trying to hide her new relationship from Rosenthal and his wife, travelled with Caroline out to a small studio in St. Cloud where they saw a soundless preview of Le Meurtrier, Claude Autant- Lara’s fi lm of Pat’s novel The Blunderer. Caroline found the lead actor, Maurice Ronet, “very attractive” and Pat thought the fi lm “very in- tense, quite faithful to the book.”8 Their long week together was a rare combi- nation of business, culture, and plea sure. On her way back to the States, the enraptured Pat made a quick stop in London, where Caroline booked her a room at Oscar Wilde’s last London ho- tel, the Cadogan. Pat paid a secret visit to Caroline’s marital home, kissed her “in several rooms, though not in every one of them!” and celebrated by play- ing songs from the cast album of Pal Joey before taking a taxi to the airport. Pat was followed as far as the gate by Caroline—and accompanied onto the plane by the bottle of Gordon’s gin she kept in the large woven Mexican bag she always carried with her: her bolsa.9 Back in her house in New Hope, Pennsylvania, in November, Pat fi nds that all terms are inadequate to her feelings. And that all feelings are inade- quate to her situation: Beauty, perfection, completion— all achieved and seen. Death is the next territory, one step to the left. I don’t want to see any more, to feel or experience any more. Plea sure has already killed me, trans- formed and translated me. I am the drunken bee wandered into your house hold. You may with courage eject me through the window; or by accident step on me. Be assured, I’ll feel no pain.10 038-41846_ch01_6P.indd 12 10/15/09 9:02 PM How to Begin: part 2 13 Love, as usual, makes Pat think of death, of murder. And thoughts of death, also as usual, force her into a decision. “But there is no use in making any further effort to live without her. I can- not. And in all my 41 years, I have never said or written this about anyone else before.”11 So, although Pat was correcting the proofs of her much- rewritten novel The Two Faces of January, and had been hoping “to do a short story & make a beginning on paper of the prison novel [The Prisoner, later The Glass Cell]” she’d been imagining since September of 1962, she “cleared [her] compli- cated decks,”12 left her possessions and her rented house in New Hope, where she’d been living since 1960, and, in early 1963, crossed the wine- dark seas and settled in Earl Soham in Suffolk (after moving from Paris to Positano into the house she’d rented the summer before, and thence to Aldeburgh; despite her reference to Emily Dickinson’s “drunken bee,” the “beeline” was never part of Pat Highsmith’s approach to travel) in what had been two country cottages, now “knocked together” as one dwelling: Bridge Cottage. The double structure of Bridge Cottage suits Pat’s psychology just as much as the ambiguities of this love affair with Caroline Besterman, someone else’s wife, suit her temperament. As her feelings for Caroline sink into familiar acrimony (Pat has a fetching habit of falling for women because they are married, then berating them for being attached to their husbands), Pat spends the Suffolk winter of 1964–65 holed up in her “brick- fl oored” study; freezing, brooding, and trying hard to understand her new country.13 “En gland is brilliant at describing its own short- comings, very slow at doing anything about them.”14 She is also making “Notes on Suspense” for a book she is writing for a Boston publisher. “Suspense writers, present and future: Remember you are in good com- pany. Dostoyevsky, Wilkie Collins, Henry James, Edgar Allan Poe . there are hacks in every kind of literary fi eld. Aim at being a genius.”15 She saws wood to warm herself instead of fi ring up her stoves—“I be- come more Scrooge- like with age,” she confesses16— and she does not take her mother’s practical advice about the excellent insulating properties of old newspapers.17 “I see little of my friend [Caroline Besterman] . ,” Pat writes to her col- lege chum in New York, Kingsley Skattebol, in January of 1965. “It is hard to bear when I sit alone in the country 98% of the time.”18 Kingsley is one of Pat’s oldest friends, but she has never been told that Pat and Caroline Besterman are lovers, and she will not learn this interesting fact until after Pat’s death.19 Pat likes to partition her confi dences, imagine herself as emotionally neglected 038-41846_ch01_6P.indd 13 10/15/09 9:02 PM 14 the talented miss highsmith (a satisfying habit since childhood), and calculate the percentages of her un- happiness. Actually, Pat is having a much better time in Earl Soham than she lets on. She has made fast friends with her obliging neighbor, the writer Ronald Blythe, who is working on his soon- to- be- acclaimed book about Suffolk, Akenfi eld, when he fi rst meets her. Ronald Blythe invites Pat into his circle of artistic and literary males. Amongst them is James Hamilton- Paterson, future author of Gerontius and Cooking with Fernet- Branca. Hamilton- Paterson once walked out of a room after Pat had erupted in a “brief burst of tears.”20 “I don’t blame him,” wrote Pat, who would certainly have done the same thing herself; “give him my love.”21 Ronald Blythe and Pat see each other regularly; he, “cycling to Earl Soham to have supper with her, or she, coming to see me in her Volkswagen.” They go on day trips together to scout out old churches and unfamiliar pubs, they cook for each other (Pat always “left stuff on her plate, smoked between courses, and didn’t much like food”), and— dedicated writers both— they communi- cate by letter between visits, even though they live only four miles apart. “She was a great ranter,” Ronald Blythe says. And there is certainly “a great deal” of ranting about Caroline Besterman in Pat’s early letters to him, while her conversation was “full of hatred for her mother and wild goings on.” But Pat never ranted at Blythe or even quarrelled with him— perhaps because he never challenged her.
Recommended publications
  • Glyn Morgan Press Release 2014 Exhibition: Glyn Morgan “Behind the Landscape” Oils and Collages
    GLYN MORGAN PRESS RELEASE 2014 EXHIBITION: GLYN MORGAN “BEHIND THE LANDSCAPE” OILS AND COLLAGES 21ST JUNE TO 13TH JULY, 2014 AT CHAPPEL GALLERIES, COLCHESTER ROAD, CHAPPEL, ESSEX CO6 2DE EXTENDED HOURS FOR THE DURATION OF THE EXHIBITION: OPEN EVERY DAY 10AM TO 5PM 01206 240326 [email protected] www.chappelgalleries.co.uk THIS BEING OUR FIRST EXHIBITION IN FOUR YEARS OUTSIDE OF OUR RESIDENT ARTIST, WLADYSLAW MIRECKI, WE ARE VERY PLEASED TO BE SHOWING 30 WORKS BY THE ARTIST GLYN MORGAN. IN 2010 WE HAD TO HALT OUR ROLLING PROGRAMME OF TWELVE CHANGING EXHIBITIONS A YEAR WHICH WE HAD RUN FOR TWENTY FOUR YEARS. WE REGRETTED THAT GLYN MORGAN WAS THE NEXT EXHIBITION ON THAT YEAR’S CALENDAR AND IT WAS CANCELLED AT VERY SHORT NOTICE. GLYN WAS VERY UNDERSTANDING AND IT IS WITH GREAT PLEASURE THAT WE ARE NOW IN A POSITION TO HOLD AN EXHIBITION WHICH WILL INCLUDE SOME WORKS FROM THAT PERIOD (AND BEFORE) AND NEW WORK COMPLETED SINCE. In conversation with Glyn Morgan, artist, very soon one is aware that the guiding passion for his artistic life in the past and for always was his time at the East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing run by Cedric Morris and Lett Haines. It was 1943 in Pontypridd that they met, Glyn a young student at the Art School, Cardiff and Cedric was selecting work at an exhibition; Glyn was immediately invited to spend time with him in East Anglia. Fostered by the heady bohemian atmosphere of this school (and home), arriving from Wales, Glyn shared a special place there from 1944 for 38 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Get Book # Benton End Remembered: Cedric Morris, Arthur Lett
    TQOTPZQN4L5T » Doc Benton End Remembered: Cedric Morris, Arthur Lett-Haines and the East Anglian School... Benton End Remembered: Cedric Morris, A rth ur Lett-Haines and th e East A nglian Sch ool of Painting and Drawing (Paperback) Filesize: 3.92 MB Reviews It in a of the best publication. It is among the most remarkable publication i have read through. Your lifestyle period will be change once you complete reading this article publication. (Crystal Rolfson) DISCLAIMER | DMCA 5Q6DUZU54SXK > Kindle < Benton End Remembered: Cedric Morris, Arthur Lett-Haines and the East Anglian School... BENTON END REMEMBERED: CEDRIC MORRIS, ARTHUR LETT-HAINES AND THE EAST ANGLIAN SCHOOL OF PAINTING AND DRAWING (PAPERBACK) Unicorn Publishing Group, United Kingdom, 2018. Paperback. Condition: New. Language: English . Brand New Book. In 1940, Cedric Morris and Arthur Lett-Haines, both established artists with international reputations who had become disillusioned with the commercial aspects of the art world, moved to Benton End, overlooking the River Brett on the outskirts of Hadleigh, Suolk. What they found there was a somewhat ramshackle but capacious sixteenth-century farmhouse, standing in over three acres of walled gardens lost beneath brambles and elder trees; the house had not been lived in for fieen years. But Benton End became both their home and the new premises of the East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing which, in 1937, they had founded together in Dedham, Essex. From 1940 until Lett Haines died in 1978 and Cedric Morris in 1982, Benton End was an exotic world apart where art, literature, good food, gardening and lively conversation combined to produce an extraordinarily stimulating environment for amateurs and professionals alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Talking About John Clare
    TALKING ABOUT JOHN CLARE RONALD BLYTHE TRENT BOOKS 1 TALKING ABOUT JOHN CLARE 2 3 Ronald Blythe Talking About John Clare Trent Editions 1999 4 By the same author A Treasonable Growth Immediate Possession The Age of Illusion Akenfield The View in Winter From the Headlands Divine Landscapes The Stories of Ronald Blythe Private Words: Letters and Diaries from the Second World War Word from Wormingford Published by Trent Editions 1999 Trent Editions Department of English and Media Studies The Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS Copyright (c) Ronald Blythe The cover illustration is a hand-tinted pen and ink drawing of Selborne, by John Nash, by kind permission of the John Nash Estate. The back cover portrait of Ronald Blythe is by Richard Tilbrook. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, except by a newspaper or magazine reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review. Printed in Great Britain by Goaters Limited, Nottingham ISBN 0 905 488 44 X 5 CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND PRINCIPAL SOURCES I. AN INHERITED PERSPECTIVE II. ‘SOLVITUR AMBULANDO’: CLARE AND FOOTPATH WALKING III.CLARE IN HIDING IV. CLARE IN POET’S CORNER, WESTMINSTER ABBEY V.CLARE’S TWO HUNDREDTH BIRTHDAY VI. THE DANGEROUS IDYLL VII.THE HELPSTON BOYS VIII. THOMAS HARDY AND JOHN CLARE IX.‘NOT VERSE NOW, ONLY PROSE!’ X.RIDER HAGGARD AND THE DISINTEGRATION OF CLARE’S WORLD XI. EDMUND BLUNDEN AND JOHN CLARE XII.PRESIDENTIAL FRAGMENTS XIII. KINDRED SPIRITS XIV. COMMON PLEASURES INDEX OF NAMES 6 For R.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Akenfield, Ronald Blythe, Penguin Books Limited, 2005
    Akenfield, Ronald Blythe, Penguin Books Limited, 2005, 0141904704, 9780141904702, 288 pages. This colourful, perceptive portrayal of English country life reverberates with the voices of the village inhabitants, from the reminiscences of survivors of the Great War evoking days gone by, to the concerns of a younger generation of farm-workers and the fascinating and personal recollections of, among others, the local schoolteacher, doctor, blacksmith, saddler, district nurse and magistrate. Providing insights into farming, education, welfare, class, religion and death, Akenfield forms a unique document of a way of life that has, in many ways, disappeared.. DOWNLOAD HERE Suffolk , W. A. Dutt, Nov 22, 2012, Science, 146 pages. This guide to Suffolk by W. A. Dutt was first published in 1909 as part of the Cambridge County Geographies.. Word from Wormingford A Parish Year, Ronald Blythe, 2007, Language Arts & Disciplines, 244 pages. Canterbury Press is proud to have acquired these backlist Ronald Blythe titles, consisting of illustrated collections of the authors regular weekly column on the back page of .... Geography Of Nowhere The Rise And Declineof America'S Man-Made Landscape, James Howard Kunstler, Jul 26, 1994, Architecture, 303 pages. Argues that much of what surrounds Americans is depressing, ugly, and unhealthy; and traces America's evolution from a land of village commons to a man-made landscape that .... Life & tradition in Suffolk and north-east Essex , Norman Smedley, 1976, History, 159 pages. Voices of Akenfield , Ronald Blythe, Apr 2, 2009, Literary Collections, 144 pages. Born and brought up in rural Suffolk, Ronald Blythe was fascinated by the rhythms of country life and the stories of the people he had known since childhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Graduation 2007 Acceptance Speech by Honorary Graduate Richard Mabey
    Graduation 2007 Acceptance Speech by Honorary Graduate Richard Mabey Chancellor and Jules, thank you so much for those words. I am so proud to have got this honour from the University, not so much for myself but as a kind of recognition for the world I work in. As Jules so flatteringly outlined, I am not a biologist, I’m a nature writer, which I suppose crudely means I try to explore the relationships between the natural world and the human imagination rather than trying to examine it as a scientist. This had a long tradition in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries with people like Gilbert White and Richard Jefferies but fell virtually into oblivion during the scientifically, and particularly technologically, tinted world of the inter-war years and the post-war years. It’s now thank goodness enjoying a timely renaissance because we need to learn how to engage with the natural world, not just to measure it and hope we can manage it in some way. But I am especially glad that this honour has come from this University in Essex, part of East Anglia, an area which those of us who live in it, regard with great regional pride. The four counties of Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex are a very odd and very fluent area, always slightly quirky, sticking as we do geographically like a heel out into the North Sea. East Anglia has always been at the nub of our changing relationships with the natural world. Most often it’s been crushed underfoot in the process.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Full Introduction
    introduction Ronald Blythe met Adrian Bell towards the end of his life, and I was a close I friend of John Nash for much of my life, and so Men and the Fields, their perfect collaboration of words and pictures, has long been one of those books which seem to spell out my early landscape language. The fields in the title lie between Bottengoms Farm, John’s house, and Creems, Adrian’s house, with the River Stour glinting through them. But during the Thirties they had lived less than a mile apart, John during the summer holidays and Adrian all the time. John rented The Thatch and Adrian had managed to purchase Creems, lovely, delapidated old places which had stared across the wide shallow valley for centuries. Adrian’s wife Marjorie described its fascination for artists, it having been painted by Gainsborough and Constable. August 1935 Picture seeking with John Nash. Found something much to his purpose in Kid’s Hole at the back of Green’s. The artists, man and wife, staying in Creen’s are stanced here daily, doing a scene in which the Finch harvest- team figures, have to move every time wagon leaves stack, and he hadn’t half finished horses and wagon. John wants to a picture of the valley from under the elm . Poor John . his work is somewhat complicated by this hide-and-seek . I told Batten (the shepherd) he was an artist, or at least a topiarist, clipping his sheep into broad-backed beauties. John was in his mid-forties, Adrian a few years younger.
    [Show full text]
  • Penguin Classics
    PENGUIN CLASSICS A Complete Annotated Listing www.penguinclassics.com PUBLISHER’S NOTE For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world, providing readers with a library of the best works from around the world, throughout history, and across genres and disciplines. We focus on bringing together the best of the past and the future, using cutting-edge design and production as well as embracing the digital age to create unforgettable editions of treasured literature. Penguin Classics is timeless and trend-setting. Whether you love our signature black- spine series, our Penguin Classics Deluxe Editions, or our eBooks, we bring the writer to the reader in every format available. With this catalog—which provides complete, annotated descriptions of all books currently in our Classics series, as well as those in the Pelican Shakespeare series—we celebrate our entire list and the illustrious history behind it and continue to uphold our established standards of excellence with exciting new releases. From acclaimed new translations of Herodotus and the I Ching to the existential horrors of contemporary master Thomas Ligotti, from a trove of rediscovered fairytales translated for the first time in The Turnip Princess to the ethically ambiguous military exploits of Jean Lartéguy’s The Centurions, there are classics here to educate, provoke, entertain, and enlighten readers of all interests and inclinations. We hope this catalog will inspire you to pick up that book you’ve always been meaning to read, or one you may not have heard of before. To receive more information about Penguin Classics or to sign up for a newsletter, please visit our Classics Web site at www.penguinclassics.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 23, No. 1 Spring 2017
    Green leaves The Journal of the Barbara Pym Society Vol. XXIII, No. 1, Spring 2017 “A few green leaves can make such a difference.” — Miss Grundy, A Few Green Leaves Report on the North American Conference, Cambridge MA, 18-19 March 2017 by Laura Shapiro f it says six o’clock on the invitation cards you can be of the Foresight funds was highly characteristic of the early ‘I sure that my colleagues will arrive at that time’, professional rivalry between missionaries and academics, and observes Professor Mainwaring, and one hopes he would have Dr. Singer likened the book to Evelyn Waugh, or ‘a more been gratified to see members of the Barbara Pym Society serious version of P G Wodehouse.’ Pym would have been hastening along Boston’s snow-lined sidewalks on Friday delighted. Following the film there was quite a bit of night in search of Brimmer Street, where dinner and an organ concert at Church of the Advent animated discussion, much of it centered on marked the first event of the 2017 North Pym’s own gift as an anthropologist, though one American Conference. who was strictly focused on the world around This year’s book was Less Than Angels, set her. Africa didn’t really interest her, despite the in the world of 1950s anthropologists; and fact that she worked for decades as an editor at suitably enough we were greeted by an open the International African Institute. What she bar, widely recognized as a key ritual of loved was observing the behavior of passionate, hospitality, practiced in social organizations single-minded scholars for whom Africa was an both primitive and otherwise.
    [Show full text]
  • At the Yeomans House Free Ebook
    FREEAT THE YEOMANS HOUSE EBOOK Ronald Blythe | 128 pages | 15 Mar 2012 | Enitharmon Press | 9781904634881 | English | London, United Kingdom Yeoman's House, Sole Street, Cobham, Kent: the hall | RIBA Probably the best preserved building of its type remaining in England, The Yeoman's House, listed Grade II, is a stunning example of a medieval hall house. Set in about an acre of garden, the present owners have lavished much care and attention on refurbishing the spacious accommodation and have hit on a great balance between preserving the original features and the addition of more contemporary details. You'll At the Yeomans House delighted at the fine timberwork, vaulted ceilings upstairs and some charmingly uneven floors. In contrast, the kitchen is completely up-to-date with striking red worktops and stainless steel units with all the modern appliances you'd expect. We think you'll be impressed by the garden which has been beautifully designed by the owner. The only choice you'll have to make is whether you sit out on the paved terrace or under a shady tree, both lovely for al fresco dining on a warm summer's day. Shower room with shower, basin and WC. Dining area. Living room. Sorry no pets allowed. Due to the number of steps from the car park to the house this may not be suitable for people with limited mobility. Arundel sits just outside the South Downs National Park and with the River Arun winding through the town makes for a popular tourist destination when visiting Sussex. Combining one thousand years of history with independent shops, contemporary art galleries, restaurants, cafes, delightful drinking spots and great attractions, Arundel has a thriving events calendar.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Reading Akenfield
    Abrams, L. (2009) Revisiting Akenfield: forty years of an iconic text. Oral History, 37 (1). pp. 33-42. ISSN 0143-0955 Copyright © 2009 Oral History Society A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge The content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) When referring to this work, full bibliographic details must be given http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/6210/ Deposited on: 2 September 2009 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk REVISITING AKENFIELD: 40 YEARS OF AN ICONIC TEXT Lynn Abrams Ronald Blythe’s Akenfield, now forty years old, is generally acknowledged as one of the most influential books in the field of oral history.1 First published in 1969, Akenfield is a classic which still has the power to move the reader with its unsentimental, straightforward descriptions of a rural life that was hard, unremitting and something to be endured. This evocative portrait of life in an East Anglian village illustrated the potential for a new kind of history which told the stories of ordinary folk in their own words. To the twenty-first century reader it is a powerful description of a world we have lost. In this article I want to revisit Akenfield as a classic of British oral history, to examine how its reception and use has mirrored trends in oral history practice in the UK, and to reposition it as a text which can have a lot to say to oral historians today.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptation, Inspiration, Dialogue: E.M. Forster and His Oeuvre in Contemporary Culture
    Adaptation, Inspiration, Dialogue: E.M. Forster and His Oeuvre in Contemporary Culture Krzysztof Fordoński University of Warsaw Abstract The article aims at charting the position of Edward Morgan Forster and his works in contemporary English language culture. It presents various forms of adaptations of or responses to the works of Forster, concentrating on those which have been created since the writer’s death in 1970. The discussed material consists of approximately one hundred instances of various works of art related in a number of ways to Forster’s oeuvre and biography: adaptations, works inspired by Forster’s oeuvre or biography, and, finally, works which enter into a dialogue with Forster and his views. Radio plays, operas, plays, movies, musicals, comic books, concept albums, etc. have been included as well. The paper also touches upon Forster’s reception among scholars and in political journal- ism. The paper is supplemented with lists of various adaptations. Keywords: E.M. Forster, culture, literature, opera, musical, television, film, theatre, adaptation, adaptation studies 12 Krzysztof Fordoński The works of E.M. Forster have played an important role in the English-speaking world and beyond it1 ever since his position was first generally recognised after the publication of Howards End in 1910.2 Forster’s presence was originally felt the most clearly through his literary works, namely novels and short stories. Yet, with the passage of time, he began to exert influence also as a reviewer, an essayist, and a radio broadcaster. Artists – at first fellow novelists but gradually also playwrights, composers, graphic artists, and others – found in Forster’s oeuvre and life a greatly various source of creative inspiration which continues to be fruitful fifty years after the writer’s death.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 MANNERS and COMEDY 1. Here and Throughout
    Notes CHAPTER 1 MANNERS AND COMEDY 1. Here and throughout, parenthetical notation cites manuscript and folio number from the papers of Barbara Pym collected in the Department of Western Manuscripts, Bodleian Library, Oxford. 2. J. I. M. Stewart, The Naylors (London: Victor Gollancz, Ltd, 1985), p. 87. 3. Hazel Holt and Hilary Pym (eds), A Very Private Eye: An Autobiography in Diaries and Letters (London: Macmillan, 1984) p. xiii. 4. Barbara Pym, 'A Year in West Oxfordshire', in Places, an Anthology of Britain, Ronald Blythe (ed.), (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 120. 5. Personal letter from P. T. W. Baxter, former Director of the Interna­ tional African Insititute, 6 August 1983. 6. Tony Kirk-Greene, 'Barbara Pym 1913-1980', Africa, 2 June 1980, pp. 94-5. 7. Caroline Moorehead, 'How Barbara Pym was Rediscovered after 16 Years Out in the Cold', Times Literary Supplement, 14 September 1977, p. 11. 8. 'Reputations Revisited', The Times Literary Supplement, 21 January 1977, p. 68. 9. E. M. Forster, Aspects of the Novel (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1927) p. 6. 10. Lionel Trilling, 'Manners, Morals, and the Novel', The Liberal Imagi­ nation (New York: Viking, 1951) p. 205. 11. James W. Tuttleton, The Novel of Manners in America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972) p. 10. 12. Margaret Drabble (ed.), The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 5th edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). 13. Frederick C. Crews, The Tragedy of Manners: Moral Drama in the Later Novels of Henry James (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957). 14. Gerald Mast, The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973) p.
    [Show full text]