DOCSLIB.ORG

Ten Years of Yellowstone Wolves, 1995–2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ten Years of Yellowstone Wolves, 1995–2005 v o l u m e 1 3 • n u m b e r 1 • w i n t e r 2 0 0 5 Ten Years of 1995–2005 Yellowstone Wolves © BOB LANDIS What Big Teeth You Have S ROGER ANDERSON assumes his new duties as night. That was back when everyone thought the elusive wolves branch chief of cultural resources, I am happy to would rarely be seen. Now, 20,000 people each year see a wolf A serve as guest editor of Yellowstone Science. I believe in the park: they are highly visible, and intensely studied. this journal is a unique and important medium for commu- The Cooke City–Silver Gate area is just one that has ben- nicating the wide variety of research projects that take place efited economically from the return of the wolf to Yellowstone, in Yellowstone National Park. The results of these studies are as wildlife watchers have found it to be a convenient place from often educational, sometimes unexpected or groundbreak- which to base their Lamar Valley excursions. It is also a place ing—and occasionally controversial. where some blame wolves because they believe they are seeing We decided to devote this entire issue to the story of the less wildlife, and where you can read “Die Wolf” on the back wolves, 10 years after the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Con- of a truck. gressionally mandated restoration program that placed Cana- Although one might expect that sentiment to quiet down dian wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Area and central Idaho. as time passes and people readjust to living with wolves, feel- For some, the return of the wolf indicates progress, a change ings about wolves remain passionate. As wolves repopulate the in attitudes toward predators and increased understanding of area and leave the park, as research continues and conclusions ecosystems. For others, the wolves’ return is a backward step are debated, as delisting looms—tensions continue to roil. to a time when they felt less able to defend their livelihoods Love them or hate them, few people feel indifferent about and families. wolves. As Yellowstone National Park wolf biologist Douglas I live in the gateway community of Cooke City, Montana, Smith states in his article, it was a change in human attitudes and I remember the thrill of seeing the recently released Rose that brought wolves back; their future will depend on us too. Creek pack as they crossed the road in my headlights late one © BOB LANDIS a quarterly devoted to natural and cultural resources volume 13 • number 1 • winter 2005 ROGER J. ANDERSON Editor TAMI BLACKFORD Guest Editor and Graphic Designer ALICE WONDRAK BIEL Associate Editor Druid Peak wolf pups on an early outing. MARY ANN FRANKE PAUL SCHULLERY VIRGINIA WARNER Assistant Editors ARTCRAFT PRINTERS, INC. FEATURES Bozeman, Montana Printer 4 Perspectives on Wolf Restoration • Ed Bangs, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wolf recovery coordinator • Bob Barbee, Yellowstone superintendent from 1983 to 1994 • Rolf O. Peterson, professor of wildlife ecology Yellowstone Science is published quarterly. 7 Ten Years of Yellowstone Wolves, 1995–2005 Support for Yellowstone Science is provided by the Yellowstone Association, a non-profit The first 10 years of wolf restoration in Yellowstone National Park: educational organization dedicated to serving the park and its visitors. For more information the wolves’ stories, and what we’re learning. about the association, including membership, or to donate to the production of Yellowstone Science, visit www.yellowstoneassociation.org Douglas W. Smith or write: Yellowstone Association, P.O. Box 117, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190. The opinions expressed in Yellowstone Science 34 Wolf EIS Predictions and Ten-Year Appraisals are the authors’ and may not reflect either National Park Service policy or the views of the A comparison of Environmental Impact Statement predictions Yellowstone Center for Resources. to what is going on today. Copyright © 2005, the Yellowstone Association for Natural Science, History & Education. For back issues of Yellowstone Science, please see P.J. White, Douglas W. Smith, John W. Duffield, Michael Jimenez, www.nps.gov/yell/publications. Terry McEneaney, and Glenn Plumb Submissions are welcome from all investigators conducting formal research in the Yellowstone area. To submit proposals for articles, 42 Technical Publications on Wolves, 1995–2004 to subscribe, or to send a letter to the editor, please write to the following address: A list of Yellowstone wolf-related technical publications that have Editor, Yellowstone Science, P.O. Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190. been produced since reintroduction. You may also email: [email protected]. Yellowstone Science is printed on recycled paper with a soy-based ink. DEPARTMENTS 2 News & Notes on the cover: 2004–05 Winter Elk Count • Wayne Brewster Retires • Bob Wolf howl. Landis’s Footage Wins Emmy • New Herbarium Specimens Photo © Bob Landis. Received • Update on the Spires in Yellowstone Lake 45 From the Archives NEWS & NOTES © BOB LANDIS 2004–05 Winter Count of that have contributed to decreased elk YCR Deputy Director Wayne Northern Yellowstone Elk numbers include a substantial winter- Brewster Retires kill caused by severe snow pack during The Northern Yellowstone Cooperative 1997 and, possibly, drought-related On January 3, 2005, Wayne Brewster, Wildlife Working Group conducted its effects on pregnancy and calf survival. Deputy Director of the Yellowstone annual winter survey of the northern The Gardiner late elk hunt was Center for Resources, retired after Yellowstone elk population on Janu- designed to reduce elk numbers outside 35 years of federal service in the U.S. ary 5, 2005. A total of 9,545 elk were YNP so that they do not cause long- Army, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service counted during good survey condi- term changes in plant communities (USFWS), and National Park Service tions. Approximately two-thirds of or decrease the quality of their winter (NPS). He and his wife, Lil, moved the observed elk were located within range. Tom Lemke, biologist for Mon- to Helena, Montana. Brewster came Yellowstone National Park (YNP), tana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (FWP) to work for Yellowstone in 1991 from while one-third was located north of said, “as elk numbers and calf recruit- Glacier National Park, where he had the park. Biologists used four fixed- ment have declined in recent years, worked on wolf and grizzly recovery wing aircraft to count elk on the entire FWP has reduced the hunter harvest since 1988. northern range during the one-day by significantly reducing the number Prior to working for the NPS, Brew- survey. The northern Yellowstone elk of elk permits issued. At this point, ster had a long career in the USFWS. herd winters between YNP’s northeast hunter-related elk mortality is the only After receiving a Master’s degree in entrance and Dome Mountain/Dailey mortality factor we have some control Wildlife Biology from South Dakota Lake in Montana’s Paradise Valley. over.” FWP has tentatively proposed State University, he began his career This year’s total of 9,545 elk was reducing the number of elk permits as a GS-7 in 1975. In 1979, Brewster 15% higher than the 8,335 elk counted further next year, due largely to the was selected by the USFWS as the last winter, and slightly higher than substantial decrease in elk numbers and Endangered Species Team Leader for the 9,215 elk counted in winter 2003. poor calf recruitment. Montana and Wyoming. His boss According to YNP wildlife biologist The working group will continue to during this period, the USFWS Area P.J. White, the increase in counted elk monitor trends of the northern Yellow- Manager, paid him a high compliment, from last year most likely is a result of stone elk population and evaluate the “[Brewster] has never had a[n] [Endan- better survey conditions and detection relative contribution of various compo- gered Species Act] Section 7 Biological of elk this winter, rather than an actual nents of mortality, including predation, Opinion overruled.” In 1982, Brewster increase in elk numbers. Survey condi- environmental factors, and hunting. moved to Helena to become Field tions were good, owing to a significant The group was formed in 1974 to Supervisor for all Endangered Species snowstorm on December 31, 2004, cooperatively preserve and protect the Act (ESA) activities in Montana and that covered the landscape and caused long-term integrity of the northern Wyoming. elk to concentrate in relatively open Yellowstone winter range for wildlife In these two crucial states, Brewster areas at lower elevations where detec- species by increasing scientific knowl- had primary responsibilities for ESA tion was likely higher compared to edge of the species and their habitats, species including grizzly bears, black- count days during the last several mild promoting prudent land management footed ferrets, bald eagles, peregrine winters. activities, and encouraging an inter- falcons, Kendall Warm Spring Dace, The overall trend in counts still sug- agency approach to answering ques- NPS gests that elk numbers have decreased tions and solving problems. The group substantially over the past decade. Pre- is comprised of resource managers and dation by wolves and other large carni- biologists from Montana Fish, Wildlife vores and human harvests during the and Parks, the National Park Service Gardiner late elk hunt have been the (YNP), U.S. Forest Service (Gallatin primary factors contributing to decreas- National Forest), and U.S. Geological ing numbers of northern Yellowstone Survey-Northern Rocky Mountain Sci- elk since the mid 1990s. Other factors ence Center, Bozeman. 2 Yellowstone Science 13(1) • Winter 2005 gray wolves, whooping cranes, piping and talents have made an extraordinary and the MONTU herbarium checked plovers, and least terns. Most of the difference on some of North America’s with the MONT herbarium to see if species on that list have either been de- most popular, but needy wildlife.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pdf File of the Complete Population of Between 400 and 800 Eventually Leading to Large Areas Being Devoid Article
    The magazine of The UK Wolf Conservation Trust, published quarterly Issue 24 Summer 2005 Published by: The UK Wolf Conservation Trust Butlers Farm, Beenham, Reading RG7 5NT Tel & Fax: 0118 971 3330 e-mail: [email protected] www.ukwolf.org ditorial Editor Denise Taylor E Tel: 01788 832658 e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Team n preparation for the UKWCT Autumn seminar one of our regular contributors, Julia Bohanna,Andrew Matthews, Kirsty Peake, has written about her trip to the Yellowstone National Park in February Gwynne Power, Sue Sefscik Ithis year. Her article gives us a good introduction to George Bumann, one of the Contributors to this issue: speakers at the seminar, who was with Kirsty’s party during the trip. Keeping with the Pat Adams, Chris Darimont, Chris Genovali, Yellowstone theme, wolf biologist Doug Smith’s book, Decade of the Wolf, was Kieran Hickey, Bill Lynn, Faisal Moola, Paul Paquet, published in April and covers the last ten years in Yellowstone. To order your copy see Kirsty Peake. the back inside cover of this issue. Copies will also be available at the seminar. I am delighted to announce the start of a new syndicated column, Ethos,by Senior Design and Artwork: Phil Dee Tel:01788 546565 Ethics Advisor Bill Lynn on ethics and wildlife. This will be a regular feature, and is designed to make us stop and think about our attitudes and actions towards others, Patrons and especially towards a species that provokes strong emotions. We invite you to Desmond Morris reflect on the more philosophical, but nevertheless fundamental, aspects of wolf Erich Klinghammer conservation, and to let us have your comments and views.
    [Show full text]
  • After Long-Term Decline, Are Aspen Recovering in Northern Yellowstone? ⇑ Luke E
    Forest Ecology and Management 329 (2014) 108–117 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco After long-term decline, are aspen recovering in northern Yellowstone? ⇑ Luke E. Painter a, , Robert L. Beschta a, Eric J. Larsen b, William J. Ripple a a Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA b Department of Geography and Geology, University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481-3897, USA article info abstract Article history: In northern Yellowstone National Park, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands were dying out in the Received 18 December 2013 late 20th century following decades of intensive browsing by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus). In Received in revised form 28 May 2014 1995–1996 gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced, joining bears (Ursus spp.) and cougars (Puma Accepted 30 May 2014 concolor) to complete the guild of large carnivores that prey on elk. This was followed by a marked decline in elk density and change in elk distribution during the years 1997–2012, due in part to increased pre- dation. We hypothesized that these changes would result in less browsing and an increase in height of Keywords: young aspen. In 2012, we sampled 87 randomly selected stands in northern Yellowstone, and compared Wolves our data to baseline measurements from 1997 and 1998. Browsing rates (the percentage of leaders Elk Browsing effects browsed annually) in 1997–1998 were consistently high, averaging 88%, and only 1% of young aspen Trophic cascade in sample plots were taller than 100 cm; none were taller than 200 cm.
    [Show full text]
  • Wolf Interactions with Non-Prey
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center US Geological Survey 2003 Wolf Interactions with Non-prey Warren B. Ballard Texas Tech University Ludwig N. Carbyn Canadian Wildlife Service Douglas W. Smith US Park Service Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Ballard, Warren B.; Carbyn, Ludwig N.; and Smith, Douglas W., "Wolf Interactions with Non-prey" (2003). USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. 325. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsnpwrc/325 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 10 Wolf Interactions with Non-prey Warren B. Ballard, Ludwig N. Carbyn, and Douglas W. Smith WOLVES SHARE THEIR ENVIRONMENT with many an­ wolves and non-prey species. The inherent genetic, be­ imals besides those that they prey on, and the nature of havioral, and morphological flexibility of wolves has the interactions between wolves and these other crea­ allowed them to adapt to a wide range of habitats and tures varies considerably. Some of these sympatric ani­ environmental conditions in Europe, Asia, and North mals are fellow canids such as foxes, coyotes, and jackals. America. Therefore, the role of wolves varies consider­ Others are large carnivores such as bears and cougars.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Wolf Reintroduction on Coyote Temporal Activity
    Background Information and Study Design: Motivation: Effects of Wolf We will conduct an observational study in Montana, Wisconsin, and Maine, which are spread out over the U.S. - In each of these states we will have ● After wolves (Canis lupus) were driven to extinction in Reintroduction three control groups and three experimental groups where we study the the United States, coyotes (Canis latrans) expanded temporal activity of both wolves and coyotes. into niches previously occupied by wolves. on Coyote As a control group, we will study areas where coyotes live, but wolves have ● 1990’s - efforts were made to reintroduce wolves; led yet to be reintroduced. to successful re-establishment of several wolf packs Temporal Activity We plan on monitoring temporal activity through the use of radio collars to and a return to their status as the dominant predator By Tessa Garufi, Lily Grady, and track coyote movement. If movement is occurring primarily at night with no ● In areas where wolves and coyotes now coexist, Libby Boulanger motion during the day, it can be reasoned that the coyotes in the area are coyotes experience increased pressure - they have to primarily nocturnal and if movement is during the day with no motion at night, contend with the risk of wolf-caused mortalities and it can be reasoned that they are primarily diurnal. Wolf temporal activity will resource competition against a more dominant also be monitored to determine how different the activity timing of wolves and predator. coyotes are in areas where they coexist. ● We want to determine if coyotes living in the same area as wolves have experienced a temporal niche Intended Analysis shift as a response to the increased pressure - if a Because our independent variable is categorical with two groups shift has occurred, it could lead to an increase in (wolves present or wolves absent) and our response variable is potentially harmful coyote-human interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Wolf Brochure
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Endangered Red Wolves The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is reintroducing red wolves to prevent extinction of the species and to restore the ecosystems in which red wolves once occurred, as mandated by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. According to the Act, endangered and threatened species are of aesthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value to the nation and its people. On the Edge of Extinction The red wolf historically roamed as a top predator throughout the southeastern U.S. but today is one of the most endangered animals in the world. Aggressive predator control programs and clearing of forested habitat combined to cause impacts that brought the red wolf to the brink of extinction. By 1970, the entire population of red wolves was believed to be fewer than 100 animals confined to a small area of coastal Texas and Louisiana. In 1980, the red wolf was officially declared extinct in the wild, while only a small number of red wolves remained in captivity. During the 1970’s, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service established criteria which helped distinguish the red wolf species from other canids. From 1974 to 1980, the Service applied these criteria to find that only 17 red wolves were still living. Based on additional Greg Koch breeding studies, only 14 of these wolves were selected as founders to begin the red wolf captive breeding population. The captive breeding program is coordinated for the Service by the Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium in Tacoma, Washington, with goals of conserving red wolf genetic diversity and providing red wolves for restoration to the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master
    Alaska's First Wolf Controversy: Predator And Prey In Mount McKinley National Park, 1930-1953. Item Type Thesis Authors Rawson, Timothy Mark Download date 03/10/2021 22:14:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8514 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margias, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosebud and Wolf Mountains Battlefields Under Siege
    ROSEBUD AND WOLF MOUNTAINS BATTLEFIELDS UNDER SIEGE A Case Study in Threats to the Spirit of Place CHERE JIUSTO Montana Preservation Alliance 120 Reeder’s Alley Helena, Montana, U.S.A. 59601 [email protected] AND LYNDA B. MOSS Foundation for Community Vitality 611 N 31st Street Billings, Montana, U.S.A. 59101 [email protected] Abstract. This paper discusses the deeply seated spirit of battlefields and places of conflict, the need to recognize various cultural perspectives at such places, and the grave threats posed to sites of high cultural value by global energy development. Using Montana’s Rosebud and Wolf Mountains Battlefields, two pristine but threatened sites, and pending United States National Historic Landmarks, as case studies, the authors will address the complex challenges and strategies for preserving such places. No sites embody a more conflicted spirit of place than battlefields, where heroic sacrifice and tragic human failures resonate across time. The spirit of conflicted places has layered meaning, reflecting different significance for people of divergent cultural perspectives. Thus, when a site represents the experience of several culture groups, seeking to preserve the spirit is a nuanced assignment. To truly preserve the spirit of such places, it is important to consult people from all sides of the story, and to seek broad understanding and definition of the values of place. And ultimately, in seeking consensus, there must also be a true willingness to save, rather than develop, the cultural landscape. 2 CHERE JIUSTO AND LYNDA B. MOSS 1. Territorial Conflict on the Northern Plains Eastern Montana falls within a geographic region known as the Northern Plains, a large grasslands environment that until the late 1800s was home to vast herds of buffalo and native equestrian cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting the Crown: a Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park
    Protecting the Crown A Century of Resource Management in Glacier National Park Rocky Mountains Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (RM-CESU) RM-CESU Cooperative Agreement H2380040001 (WASO) RM-CESU Task Agreement J1434080053 Theodore Catton, Principal Investigator University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Diane Krahe, Researcher University of Montana Department of History Missoula, Montana 59812 Deirdre K. Shaw NPS Key Official and Curator Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana 59936 June 2011 Table of Contents List of Maps and Photographs v Introduction: Protecting the Crown 1 Chapter 1: A Homeland and a Frontier 5 Chapter 2: A Reservoir of Nature 23 Chapter 3: A Complete Sanctuary 57 Chapter 4: A Vignette of Primitive America 103 Chapter 5: A Sustainable Ecosystem 179 Conclusion: Preserving Different Natures 245 Bibliography 249 Index 261 List of Maps and Photographs MAPS Glacier National Park 22 Threats to Glacier National Park 168 PHOTOGRAPHS Cover - hikers going to Grinnell Glacier, 1930s, HPC 001581 Introduction – Three buses on Going-to-the-Sun Road, 1937, GNPA 11829 1 1.1 Two Cultural Legacies – McDonald family, GNPA 64 5 1.2 Indian Use and Occupancy – unidentified couple by lake, GNPA 24 7 1.3 Scientific Exploration – George B. Grinnell, Web 12 1.4 New Forms of Resource Use – group with stringer of fish, GNPA 551 14 2.1 A Foundation in Law – ranger at check station, GNPA 2874 23 2.2 An Emphasis on Law Enforcement – two park employees on hotel porch, 1915 HPC 001037 25 2.3 Stocking the Park – men with dead mountain lions, GNPA 9199 31 2.4 Balancing Preservation and Use – road-building contractors, 1924, GNPA 304 40 2.5 Forest Protection – Half Moon Fire, 1929, GNPA 11818 45 2.6 Properties on Lake McDonald – cabin in Apgar, Web 54 3.1 A Background of Construction – gas shovel, GTSR, 1937, GNPA 11647 57 3.2 Wildlife Studies in the 1930s – George M.
    [Show full text]
  • Wyoming Gray Wolf Monitoring and Management 2019 Annual Report
    WYOMING GRAY WOLF MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT 2019 ANNUAL REPORT Prepared by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services, and Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapahoe Tribal Fish and Game Department to fulfill the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service requirement to report the status, distribution and management of the gray wolf population in Wyoming from January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY At the end of 2019, the wolf population in Wyoming remained above minimum delisting criteria; making 2019 the 18th consecutive year Wyoming has exceeded the numerical, distributional, and temporal delisting criteria established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. At least 311 wolves in ≥43 packs (including ≥22 breeding pairs) inhabited Wyoming on December 31, 2019. Of the total, there were ≥94 wolves and ≥8 packs (≥7 breeding pairs) in Yellowstone National Park, ≥16 wolves and ≥3 packs (1 breeding pair) in the Wind River Reservation, and ≥201 wolves and ≥32 packs (≥14 breeding pairs) in Wyoming outside Yellowstone National Park and the Wind River Reservation (WYO). In WYO, ≥175 wolves in ≥27 packs resided primarily in the Wolf Trophy Game Management Area where wolves are actively monitored and managed by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department and ≥26 wolves in ≥5 packs in areas where wolves are designated primarily as predatory animals and are not actively monitored. A total of 96 wolf mortalities were documented statewide in Wyoming in 2019: 92 in WYO, 3 in Yellowstone National Park, and 1 in the Wind River Reservation.
    [Show full text]
  • CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (Now Little Bighorn Battlefield)
    CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (now Little Bighorn Battlefield) by Robert M. Utley National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 1 Washington, D.C. 1969 Contents a. A CUSTER PROFILE b. CUSTER'S LAST STAND 1. Campaign of 1876 2. Indian Movements 3. Plan of Action 4. March to the Little Bighorn 5. Reno Attacks 6. The Annihilation of Custer 7. Reno Besieged 8. Rescue 9. Collapse of the Sioux 10. Custer Battlefield Today 11. Campaign Maps c. APPENDIXES I. Officers of the 7th Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn II. Low Dog's Account of the Battle III. Gall's Account of the Battle IV. A Participant's Account of Major Reno's Battle d. CUSTER'S LAST CAMPAIGN: A PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY e. THE ART AND THE ARTIST f. ADMINISTRATION For additional information, visit the Web site for Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument or view their Official National Park Handbook (#132): Historical Handbook Number One 1969 The publication of this handbook was made possible by a grant from the Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association, Inc. This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price lists of Park Service publications sold by the Government Printing Office may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. The National Park System, of which Custer Battlefield National Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people.
    [Show full text]
  • Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 1997
    Suggested citation: Smith, D.W. 1998. Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 1997. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, YCR-NR- 98-2. Yellowstone Wolf Project Annual Report 1997 Douglas W. Smith National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-98-2 BACKGROUND Although wolf packs once roamed from the Arctic tundra to Mexico, they were regarded as danger- ous predators, and gradual loss of habitat and deliberate extermination programs led to their demise throughout most of the United States. By 1926 when the National Park Service (NPS) ended its predator control efforts, Yellowstone had no wolf packs left. In the decades that followed, the importance of the wolf as part of a naturally functioning ecosystem came to be better understood, and the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was eventually listed as an endangered species in all of its traditional range except Alaska. NPS policy calls for restoring native species that have been eliminated as a result of human activity if adequate habitat exists to support them and the species can be managed so as not to pose a serious threat to people or property outside the park. Because of its size and the abundant prey that existed here, Yellowstone was an obvious choice as a place where wolf restoration would have a good chance of succeeding. The designated recovery area includes the entire Greater Yellowstone Area. The goal of the wolf restoration program is to maintain at least 10 breeding wolf pairs in Greater Yellowstone as it is for the other two recovery areas in central Idaho and northwestern Montana.
    [Show full text]
  • Follow the Story
    FOLLOW THE STORY What is history, if not a collection of stories told through different perspectives? In Southeast Montana, natural beauty blends with the rich history of the Old West, along with the TRACE HISTORY IN SOUTHEAST MONTANA traditions of the Crow and Northern Cheyenne tribes, to transport you to storied days gone by. Walk over the battlefields where brave warriors and soldiers laid down their lives. Follow the courageous footsteps of Lewis and Clark. Or, experience the dynamics that ranching and railroad brought to these rolling prairies. 8 Frontier Gateway Museum There is no doubt that the individuals, families and native peoples who made Southeast Montana Glendive 14 Pierre Wibaux Museum their home were a hardy bunch. As you peruse the many museums, heritage centers and historic MAKOSHIKA STATE PARK sites across Southeast Montana, put yourself in their shoes, read their stories and understand their 253 journeys. That is what makes history. Wibaux 94 For, without history, we have no story. Write yours Out Here. 34 Miles to Theodore Terry Roosevelt MUSEUM, VISITOR CENTER OR HISTORICAL SOCIETY Fallon National Park Prairie County Museum Preserving the past of Southeast Montana 11 and Evelyn Cameron Gallery 7 NATIONAL MONUMENT OR STATE PARK 87 11 Evelyn Cameron Heritage A landscape of historical treasures Visitor Information Center 12 Melstone Ingomar 94 Montana State Park PIROGUE Ismay ISLAND 9 O’Fallon Historical Museum 12 12 Plevna Harlowton Miles City Baker 1 Range Riders Museum Roundup 12 89 12 Treasure County Rosebud County
    [Show full text]