INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master Alaska's First Wolf Controversy: Predator And Prey In Mount McKinley National Park, 1930-1953. Item Type Thesis Authors Rawson, Timothy Mark Download date 03/10/2021 22:14:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8514 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margias, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ALASKA'S FIRST WOLF CONTROVERSY: PREDATOR AND PREY IN MOUNT MCKINLEY NATIONAL PARK, 1930-1953 by Timothy Mark Rawson RECOMMENDED: Dr. Terrence Cole Advisory Committee Chair Di^/fudith Kleinfeld Department Head APPROVED: Dr. Gordon Hedahl Dean, College of Liberal Arts )r. Joseph Kan Dean of the Graduate School S--/Q ~ f-(c Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ALASKA'S FIRST WOLF CONTROVERSY: PREDATOR AND PREY IN MOUNT MCKINLEY NATIONAL PARK, 1930-1953 A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Timothy Mark Rawson, B.A. Fairbanks, Alaska August 1994 © 1994 Timothy Mark Rawson Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1361135 Copyright 1994 by Rawson, Timothy Mark All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1361135 Copyright 1995, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT The decision in the 1930s by the National Park Service to quit eliminating predatory animals in parks arose from evolving attitudes among scientists toward predation, but had little public support. Of the various parks, only Mount McKinley National Park still held wolves, and the National Park Service received considerable opposition to wolf protection from the eastern Camp Fire Club of America and from Alaskans. The former desired permanent protection from wolves for the park's Dali sheep, while the latter could not understand protecting wolves when, throughout Alaska, efforts were made to minimize wolves. Using material from the National Archives and Alaskan sources, this historical study examines the role of public opinion as the Park Service attempted to respond to its critics and still adhere to its protective faunal management philosophy, in what was the nation's first argument over offering sanctuary to our most charismatic predator. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES ..................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. MT. McKINLEY, NATIONAL PARKS, AND PARK WILDLIFE ............................................................................... 7 2. WOLVES, HUMANS, AND PREDATOR CONTROL ............ 37 3. ANIMALS AND ATTITUDES IN ALASKA .............................. 57 4. BOUNTY HUNTING AND WOLF PROTECTION IN ALASKA ......................................................................................... 84 5. PRESERVING THE SHEEP ............................................................ 120 6. ADOLPH MURIE AND PREDATOR RESEARCH ................. 144 7. THE WAR YEARS ........................................................................... 168 8. THE LEGISLATIVE THREAT ....................................................... 187 9. THE FINAL CAMPAIGN ............................................................... 218 10. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................. 247 LITERATURE CITED ......................................................................................... 268 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES Figure Page 1. Mainland Alaska in 1953 9 2. Mount McKinley National Park in 1953 10 3. Prey and predator population trends in interior Alaska, 1880-1950 81 4. Recorded predators taken in Alaska, 1940-1957 239 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I hold a large measure of gratitude to the staff members of the libraries and archives used in researching this thesis. The Rasmuson Library at the University of Alaska Fairbanks provided many of my materials. In particular, Joanna Phillips, Library Technician, helped me locate government documents, and Gretchen Lake, Archivist, and Marge Heath, Library Technician, provided consistently patient assistance as I searched through the various archival materials in the Alaska and Polar Regions Department. In Juneau, archivists Dean Dawson and A1 Minnick guided me through the pertinent holdings of the Alaska State Archives. Mr. Robert Bates, esteemed mountaineer and author, forwarded my query on Belmore Browne to the Dartmouth College Library, where Philip Crononwelt, Curator of Manuscripts, made sure I received photocopies of relevant materials from the Browne Collection. Materials from the National Archives were accessed with the kind help of R. Bruce Parham, Assistant Director of the Alaska Regions office in Anchorage, and the staff at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. The National Park Service provided support and assistance as I researched this question of its background. At the Regional Office in Anchorage, Sandra Faulkner, Regional Historic Preservation Officer, provided initial enthusiasm for this project, and Frank Norris, Regional Historian, graciously read initial drafts and gave me valuable responses. Jennifer Wolk, Museum Technician, and Cindy Alvidre-Lattin, Administrative Assistant, aided me in finding obscure files and materials at Denali National Park and Preserve headquarters. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Thanks go to my graduate advisory committee for their patience and understanding as I pursued this topic: Dr. Karen Erickson, Assistant Professor in the Political Science Department; Dr. Colin Read, Associate Professor in the Economics Department; and especially to my friend and mentor Dr. Terrence Cole, Associate Professor in the History Department. Other people at the University of Alaska Fairbanks deserve recognition as well. Dr. Judith Kleinfeld, Director of the Northern Studies Progam, contributed her staunch support to me as to all the program's unconventional graduate students pursuing their various research objectives. Dr. Stephen MacLean, Professor in the Biology/Wildlife Department and under no obligation except that of friendship, provided a keen ecologist's perspective and many helpful comments. Kevin Turnbough provided computer expertise at a critical time. My friends Katherine Bellows in Arlington, Virginia, and Freddy Lafarga in Juneau provided lodging and hospitality during my travels. Most importantly, I could not have completed this project without the support of my wife, Alison Cojocar, who has endured the hours I spent on this during the past eighteen months. To all, many thanks. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 INTRODUCTION Cloudy skies dominated the northern slopes of the Alaska Range during August 1948. Gray stratus clouds grudgingly cleared during only three days to reveal the soaring white peaks punctuating the southern skyline. By month's end the tundra plants turned their autumnal shades of red and yellow, providing visual relief to the monotony of drizzling skies. Winter made an early visit, with six inches of snow
Recommended publications
  • Pdf File of the Complete Population of Between 400 and 800 Eventually Leading to Large Areas Being Devoid Article
    The magazine of The UK Wolf Conservation Trust, published quarterly Issue 24 Summer 2005 Published by: The UK Wolf Conservation Trust Butlers Farm, Beenham, Reading RG7 5NT Tel & Fax: 0118 971 3330 e-mail: [email protected] www.ukwolf.org ditorial Editor Denise Taylor E Tel: 01788 832658 e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Team n preparation for the UKWCT Autumn seminar one of our regular contributors, Julia Bohanna,Andrew Matthews, Kirsty Peake, has written about her trip to the Yellowstone National Park in February Gwynne Power, Sue Sefscik Ithis year. Her article gives us a good introduction to George Bumann, one of the Contributors to this issue: speakers at the seminar, who was with Kirsty’s party during the trip. Keeping with the Pat Adams, Chris Darimont, Chris Genovali, Yellowstone theme, wolf biologist Doug Smith’s book, Decade of the Wolf, was Kieran Hickey, Bill Lynn, Faisal Moola, Paul Paquet, published in April and covers the last ten years in Yellowstone. To order your copy see Kirsty Peake. the back inside cover of this issue. Copies will also be available at the seminar. I am delighted to announce the start of a new syndicated column, Ethos,by Senior Design and Artwork: Phil Dee Tel:01788 546565 Ethics Advisor Bill Lynn on ethics and wildlife. This will be a regular feature, and is designed to make us stop and think about our attitudes and actions towards others, Patrons and especially towards a species that provokes strong emotions. We invite you to Desmond Morris reflect on the more philosophical, but nevertheless fundamental, aspects of wolf Erich Klinghammer conservation, and to let us have your comments and views.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 USFWS Conservation History Journal
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Conservation History Women in Conservation Volume IV, No. 1 (2020) The mission of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. Stay connected with us: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service History National Conservation Training Center @USFWS History CONSERVATION HISTORY 2020 Contents From the Historian Lucille Stickel: Pioneer Woman in ii Mark Madison, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Historian and 37 Conservation Research Founder, Conservation History Matthew C. Perry, Heritage Committee Member, Retired, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Whose Stories Are We Missing? iii Maria E. Parisi, Conservation History Editor, Heritage The Legacy and Lessons of Celia Hunter and Partnerships Branch, National Conservation 41 Roger Kaye, Wilderness Coordinator, Alaska Region, Training Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Women’s History Is Women’s Right “Unremarkable,” Helen Fenske’s Unlikely Legacy 1 Catherine Woodward, Biologist, National Conservation 45 Marilyn Kitchell and Jonathan Rosenberg, Great Swamp Training Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Saving Birds over Tea, Sylvia Earle: A Hero for the Planet 5 Harriet Lawrence Hemenway and Minna B. Hall 49 Pete Leary, National Wildlife Refuge System, Paul Tritaik, Heritage Committee Member, South U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Atlantic-Gulf and Mississippi Basin Regions, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mollie Beattie: The Service’s First Female Director 53 Dan Ashe, Association of Zoos and Aquariums Through the Opera Glass, Florence Merriam Bailey 9 Paul Tritaik, Heritage Committee Member, South Our Beliefs Matter: The Mamie Parker Journey Atlantic-Gulf and Mississippi Basin Regions, 57 Mamie Parker, Former Northeast Service Regional Director U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: the First 50, a Historic Symposium
    Edited by: Steve Chase and Mark Madison 2 Acknowledgments and Sponsors Arctic 50th Historical Special thanks to: Clayton McBride Symposium Planning Team Todd Harless Geoff Haskett, LaVerne Smith, Keith Mantheiy Jay Slack, Director, National and Todd Logan, U.S Fish and Thelma Flynn Conservation Training Center, Wildlife Service, Region 7, Mike Beth Ann Ring U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Boylan, Richard Voss, Larry Bell Laura Creamer Becky Edgar Steve Chase, Chief, Division of Marca Piehuta Education Outreach, National Georgia Jeppesen Conservation Training Center, Sponsors Dawn Lagrotteria U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alicha Burlett Kerrick Reisbig Dr. Mark Madison, Service Historian, National Conservation Gail Testa National Conservation Training Training Center Andrew Weinberg Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service George Krull Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Ben German Jimmy Fox, Region 7, U.S. Tara Lowe Fish and Wildlife Service The Conservation Fund Cynthia Fraula-Hahn David Klinger Maureen Clark, Arctic 50th Voices of the South Shepherd University Department of Coordinator, Region 7, U.S. Contemporary Art and Theater Fish and Wildlife Service Patrick Wallace American Conservation Film Festival Sarah Gannon-Nagle, Strategic And for their efforts and support NCTC ARAMARK Staff Communications Manager, National of this symposium, thanks to: NCTC Raven Services Staff Conservation Training Center, NCTC Security Staff U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service All of our speakers Jay Slack Thelma Flynn, Event Planner, Jim Willis National Conservation Training Kelly Kennedy Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rollie Jacobs Beth Stevens Dr. Jim Siegel, National Christine Eustis Conservation Training Center, Karin Christensen U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • I the 1 GRIZZLIES of Fmount Mckinley
    I \N I THE W.t..Gt:: 1GRIZZLIES OF fMOUNT McKINLEY I Adolph Murie I I I I I •I I I ,I I' I , li I I I •I I I li I I I I r THE GRIZZLIES OF I MOUNT McKINLEY I I I I I •I I PLEASE RETURN TO: TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER I ··"'"'"' '1UWER SiRV~C.r GS:t.!TE.R ~! rctl1 t f't ' 'tl f~' 01 jwn u !,_·""''" ;il.iluNAl PM~ :-:.:- -·•leE I -------- ---· For sule h~- the Superiutpu.:leut of Documents, U.S. (loyerument Printing Office I Washing-ton. D.C. 20402 I I ,I I I ! I I I I I I •~ Adolph Murie on Muldrow Glacier, 1939. I I I I ' II I I' I I I THE GRIZZLIES I OF MOUNT McKINLEY 'I , I Adolph M urie I ,I II I Scientific Monograph Series No. 14 'It I I I U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Washington, D.C. I 1981 I I I As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the,~ Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recre- I ation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Ter- I ritories under U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • MOUNT Mckinley I Adolph Murie
    I (Ie De/;,;;I; D·· 3g>' I \N ITHE :.Tnf,';AGt:: I GRIZZLIES OF !MOUNT McKINLEY I Adolph Murie I I I I I •I I I II I ,I I' I' Ii I I I •I I I Ii I I I I r THE GRIZZLIES OF I MOUNT McKINLEY I I I I I •I I PlEASE RETURN TO: TECHNICAL INfORMATION CENTER I f1r,}lVER SiRV~r.r Gs:t.!TER ON ;j1,l1uNAl PM~ :../,,;ICE I -------- --- For sale h~' the Super!u!p!u]eut of Documents, U.S. Goyernment Printing Office I Washing-ton. D.C. 20402 I I '1I I I I I I I I .1I Adolph Murie on Muldrow Glacier, 1939. I I I I , II I I' I I I THE GRIZZLIES I OF r MOUNT McKINLEY I ,I Adolph Murie I ,I I. I Scientific Monograph Series No. 14 'It I I I U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Washington, D.C. I 1981 I I I As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the,I Interior has responsibility for most ofour nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recre- I ation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Ter- I ritories under U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • When Do Wolves Become Dangerous to Humans?”
    1 Valerius Geist, PhD., P. Biol. Professor Emeritus of Environmental Science Faculty of Environmental Design The University of Calgary. e-mail: [email protected]. September 29, 2007 Dear Reader, This two-part report was written with the understanding that the readers would be members of a jury and the judiciary in a coroner’s inquiry into the death of 22 year old Kenton Carnegie. That is, missing here is an account of how Kenton Carnegie lost his life, except in so far as it can be deduced from the second part of this report, which addresses the question, who and what killed and consumed Kenton Carnegie. I was asked By Kenton’s parents to look into the matter, as a fairly clear-cut case of wolf-predation was obfuscated by public claims that not wolves, but a black bear had done it. The motive appears to have been to perpetuate in the public media the myth of the harmless wolf, of a predator that does not attack people. This myth was the subject of investigation in the first essay, “When do wolves become dangerous to humans?”. It is a lethal myth unsupported by current or historical information. That investigation led to some very odd insights, but also exposed flawed scholarship. Wolves can become exceedingly dangerous to people under the appropriate circumstances, and the tale about little Red Riding hood was based – alas – not on myth or superstitions, but on sound evidence! The inability of scientists to deal with historical scholarship is here partially to blame. In the second part of my report I go about examining the evidence pertaining to the death of Kenton Carnegie, concluding that wolves killed Kenton.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: an Exploration of the Meanings Embodied in America’S Last Great Wilderness
    The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: An Exploration of the Meanings Embodied in America’s Last Great Wilderness Roger W. Kaye Abstract—The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has been the sub- Central Brooks Range, expanded their understanding of the ject of more than 50 major studies investigating the bio-physical psychological benefits and cultural values one could experi- resources potentially threatened by oil development. This continu- ence in this landscape (Collins, personal communication ing project investigates the more elusive qualities at risk: the set of 1994, 1995). Aldo Leopold, a personal friend of most of the meanings this place holds for those who value it as wilderness. refuge founders, was another who had a “profound effect” on Findings indicate that these meanings may also be diminished or the range of scientific, experiential, and symbolic values dispelled by the potential introduction of new technologies, public they perceived wild places to hold. Collins says that Leopold’s uses or management actions that leave no footprint, some as writings gave early refuge proponents more reasons to value intangible as the mere naming of a mountain. A network of fourteen wilderness. “It was his ideas that we brought with us to meanings is described to provide a framework for interpreting the Alaska” (Collins, personal communication 1999). wilderness experience visitors seek and discover here, and for Through the late 1950s, the founding conservationists’ understanding the refuge’s emergence as a symbolic landscape of writings inspired a growing constituency to write, speak and national significance. testify for the area’s permanent protection. In 1960, the nine-million-acre Arctic Range was established by order of the Secretary of the Interior.
    [Show full text]
  • Wilderness Science
    United States Department of Agriculture Wilderness Science in a Forest Service Time of Change Conference Rocky Mountain Research Station Proceedings Volume 1: Changing Perspectives and RMRS-P-15-VOL-1 Future Directions September 2000 Missoula, Montana May 23–27, 1999 Abstract Cole, David N.; McCool, Stephen F.; Freimund, Wayne A.; O’Loughlin, Jennifer, comps. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change conference—Volume 1: Changing perspectives and future directions; 1999 May 23–27; Missoula, MT. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-1. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 63 p. Ten papers presented as plenary talks at the conference, “Wilderness Science in a Time of Change,” are included. Topics include: the influence of global change on wilderness and its management; contemporary criticisms and celebrations of the wilderness idea; the capacity of science to meet the challenges and opportunities wilderness presents; wilderness in relation to biological conservation and the human experience of wilderness; and fundamen- tal dilemmas of wilderness management. Keywords: conservation biology, global change, societal change, technology, trends, wilderness management RMRS-P-15-VOL-1. Wilderness science in a time of change conference—Volume 1: Changing perspectives and future directions RMRS-P-15-VOL-2. Wilderness science in a time of change conference—Volume 2: Wilderness within the context of larger systems. RMRS-P-15-VOL-3. Wilderness science in a time of change conference—Volume 3: Wilderness as a place for scientific inquiry. RMRS-P-15-VOL-4. Wilderness science in a time of change conference—Volume 4: Wilderness visitors, experiences, and visitor management.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Murie Ranch a VISITOR’S GUIDE Early Days at the Ranch
    Exploring The Murie Ranch A VISITOR’S GUIDE Early Days at the Ranch The Murie cabin in winter. Candles in brown paper bags light the way to the front door. It was the end of World War I and Buster Estes, a cowboy from the first building, now known as the Homestead Cabin. In time, a Colorado, decided to settle in a remote part of northern Teton lighting system of 50 storage batteries charged by running an old County, Wyoming. With just one cow and $30 to his name, Buster car engine was established to supply power to the main buildings. purchased a 76-acre plot, and settled the land with his wife, Frances, Water was pumped from the main well into the homestead building and their daughter, to try his hand at farming. Due to the rocky and and bath house. A young boy was hired to carry buckets of water to infertile soil, Buster made the lucrative choice to switch from farming each cabin daily. to dude ranching, naming the place the STS Ranch. He constructed 2 Mardy and Olaus with son, Martin, in Alaska, 1926. Martin sits atop a Mammoth Tusk. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the STS Ranch expanded as ranchers to do the same. There was no denying that dude ranching an influx of east coast tourists arrived in Jackson Hole, keen to was hard work, and by 1945 Buster and his family decided to sell the experience the “wild west.” Buster built multiple cabins and a system ranch to their longtime friends in the valley, the Muries.
    [Show full text]
  • New Directions for Bioacoustics Collections Author(S): Sandra L
    New Directions for Bioacoustics Collections Author(s): Sandra L. L. Gaunt, Douglas A. Nelson, Marc S. Dantzker, Gregory F. Budney, and Jack W. Bradbury Source: The Auk, 122(3):984-987. 2005. Published By: The American Ornithologists' Union DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0984:NDFBC]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1642/0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0984%3ANDFBC %5D2.0.CO%3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Commentary The Auk 122(3):966–971, 2005 © The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2005. Printed in USA. Bird Collections: Development and Use of represent the original “big science” expendi- a Scientifi c Resource.—Bird collections were tures in the life sciences, antedating by cen- founded and built during the heyday of global turies large contemporary endeavors such as exploration.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to MS 4800 James O. Dorsey Papers, Circa 1870-1956, Bulk 1870-1895
    Guide to MS 4800 James O. Dorsey papers, circa 1870-1956, bulk 1870-1895 Lorain Wang Creation of this finding aid was funded through support from the Arcadia Fund. Digitization and preparation of additional materials for online access has been funded also by the National Science Foundation under BCS Grant No. 1561167 and the Recovering Voices initiative at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. 2014 National Anthropological Archives Museum Support Center 4210 Silver Hill Road Suitland 20746 [email protected] http://www.anthropology.si.edu/naa/ Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 3 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical Note............................................................................................................. 2 Selected Bibliography...................................................................................................... 3 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 4 Container Listing ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Arizona State Plan 1999
    Arizona Partners in Flight Bird Conservation Plan Marjorie J. Latta, Arizona Partners in Flight Co-chair Carol J. Beardmore, Western Regional Coordinator, Partners in Flight Troy E. Corman, Arizona Partners in Flight Co-chair Version 1.0 Technical Report 142 Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Arizona Game and Fish Department 2221 West Greenway Road Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4399 June 1999 CIVIL RIGHTS AND DIVERSITY COMPLIANCE The Arizona Game and Fish Commission receives Federal financial assistance in Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration. Under Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act f 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex, or disability. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information please write to: Arizona Game and Fish Department Office of the Deputy Director 2221 West Greenway Road DOHQ Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4399 and The Office for Diversity and Civil Rights U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4040 North Fairfax Drive Room 300 Arlington, Virginia 22203 AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT COMPLIANCE The Arizona Game and Fish Department complies with all provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. This document is available in alternative format by contacting Terry B. Johnson, Nongame Branch, Arizona Game and Fish Department, 2221 West Greenway Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85023-4399 - (602) 789- 3501 or TTY 7-800-367-8939.
    [Show full text]