Poecilia Sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Cyprinodontiformes

n Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Cyprinodontiformes,

istributio Brazil D Poeciliidae): New record in rio Sergipe basin, northeastern 1* 1

raphic , Marlene Silva de Almeida Pereira and Carlos Augusto g Figueiredo2 eo Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes de Brito G n o

1 Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, Rosa Elze. CEP otes 49100-000. São Cristóvão, Sergipe, SE, Brazil. N * 2 CorrUniversidadeesponding Federal author. do Email: Estado [email protected] do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências, Núcleo de Gestão Ambiental, Av. Pasteur, nº 458, Sala 512-F. CEP 22290-240. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Abstract: Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 in

The present paper reports the first record of non-native species northeastern Brazil in rio Sergipe basin, a coastal drainage of the Sergipe state.P. sphenops This species was collected at seven sites in the Caatinga biome. The cause of the introduction is not known, but we believe it is a direct impact of the aquarium trade absencethrough theof parental aquarium care dumping such as performed Astyanax lacustrisby hobbyists. and Serrapinnus The presence heterodon of in natural waterbodies increases concernsnative poeciliid for interference Poecilia vivipara with native. ecosystems, and the risk of eggs predation in native species with low fecundity and , competition and hybridization with the

Poeciliidae is the most important family of Cyprinodontiformes, represented from eastern United trade (Axelrod et al. States to South America and Africa including Madagascar appearance,common species some species being theare guppyimportant (Poecilia in the aquarium reticulata (Nelson 2006). Three subfamilies are recognized: 2007), where, in Brazil, thePoecilia most Aplocheilichthyinae (22 species), Procatopodinae (61 sphenops Xiphophorus helleri species), and Poeciliinae (273 species) (Eschemeyer and Peters, 1859); X.the maculatus black molly (melanic variety of Fong 2013). Members of the subfamily Poeciliinae have );X. the variatus swordtail ( Hekel, 1848); theP. velifera platyfish [ (Günther,P. latipinna 1866)]; the variable (Alvesplatyfish et al[ (Meek, 1904)], and the sail-fin mollies (Parentia modified 1981) anal-fin (see with Figure a copulatory 1, inset). Embryos organ called develop the [ (Regan, 1914), and (Lesueur, 1821)] internallygonopodium, in this which subfamily, makes varying internal from fertilization matrotrophic possible to . 2007; Magalhães and Jacobi 2008). In additionP. toreticulata the aquarium trade, it is not uncommonet al. 2008). for some species to be used as biological controls of mosquitoes such as lecitotrophic types (Kunz 2004). Owing to their attractive (Sherley 2000; Chandra

Figure 1. Poecilia sphenops

Adult male of non-native (31.8 mm SL) and tip of the modified anal-fin (gonopodium). Scale bar = 1 mm. 1129 Brito et al. | New record of Poecilia sphenops in northeastern Brazil

The molly Poecilia sphenops occurs from Mexico to Colombia (Lucinda 2003). Presents greater plasticity and guppy Poecilia reticulata survival at different gradients of temperature (Báron et al. Oreochromisother non-native niloticus species were recorded at the same sites: et al. 2011). This The collection includedPeters, 204 females 1859; and (13.70 Nile – tilapia 47.70 P. sphenops in (Linnaeus, 1758). 2002; Hernández and Bückle 2002; Evans paperPoecilia reports sphenops the first record of non-native mm SL), 78 males (13.70 – 44.12 mm SL) and 66 juveniles siteswater in bodies the rio at Sergipenortheastern basin, Brazil. Sergipe state, northeastern developmental(8.00 – 13.52 mm stages SL). (sensu The analysis of some ovaries (n= (Figure 1) was collected at seven 50) revealed reproductive females and embryos in distinct a small coastal drainage of Sergipe state, limited to the of P. sphenops in rio Sergipe basin.Haynes 1995). These records Brazil (Figure 2) under SISBIO permit # 20104-1. This is andThe the presence of of juvenilesP. sphenops suggest natural recruitment north by São Francisco and Japaratuba basins, and south in Brazil was recorded by Vaza-Barris basin (Rocha 2006). The region of sampled in Rio de Janeiro state at rivers in the urban region of tosites hydrological is typical of stress the Caatinga, (Prado 2003). a unique Voucher Brazilian specimens biome, Japarepaguá at Rio de Janeiro cityet (Bizerril al. and Silveira- usedwhere in the this climate study is are semiarid deposited and under the rivers their are respective subject Primo 2001), and Minas Gerais state at Paraíba do Sul, and São Francisco basins (Alves 2007; Chaves and Magalhães 2010). These introductions were associated catalogue numbers CIUFS 581, CIUFS 589, CIUFS 647 and with the aquarium trade as people gave up the hobby and CIUFS 681, in the Universidade Federal de Sergipe fish released themet into al. public waters through the aquarium collection (CIUFS). Poeciliadumping sphenops(Bizerril andprobably Primo reached2001; Padilla the riversand Williams of rio duringTrawl 20 minutes), (5 mm mesh) catching and 348 sieve specimens (4 mm of mesh) P. sphenops were. 2004; Alves 2007; Chaves and Magalhães 2010). deployed in shallow waters during the day (four persons in 10% formalin and later stored in 70% ethanol (Uieda Sergipe basin the same way. Alternatively, owing to its Fishes were euthanized (Borsky and Hodson 2003), fixed reputation as a voracious fish, it was released to control the lambari Astyanax lacustris for mosquito larvae. The highly larvivorous et capacity al. 2008), of Serrapinnusand Castro heterodon 1999). It was syntopic to native, barrigudinho species fish belonging to Poeciliidae family led to the introduction Poecilia vivipara Bloch and Schneider,(Lütken, 1801 1875),and the piaba cará in several countries (Sherley 2000; Chandra Geophagus brasiliensis (Eigenmann, 1915) whereinThe possiblefishes find establishment suitable conditions of P. sphenopsthey can become should invasive (Puth and Post 2005). (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). Two A. lacustrisbe verified and to S. evaluate heterodon its ,effects and especially on native P. species vivipara with, a specieslow fecundity of same and genus absence and similar of parental life history care suchattributes. as

invasiveIt is generally species, acknowledged especially cultivated that closely ones, related selected species for theircompete resilience, for similar are more resources prone (Hutchinson to be invasive, 1959), and may and outcompete native species using the same niches (Alves et al. 2007).

The hybridization between invasive and nativeP. vivipara species is a threat to conservation.P. mexicana Genetic introgression cannot Courtenaybe dismissed and because Meffe (1989),hybrids andbetween the same native may be true and non-native P. sphenops andwere the alreadynative P. recordedvivipara. by This case deserves attention since there are records ofwith establishment the invasive of Poecilia et al. 2011). The probable establishment of P. sphenopswith in rioconsequences Sergipe basin to native is of fauna (Sherley 2000; Evans become established,

andconcern, these because areas where are mangroves this poeciliid of rio Sergipe estuary. they tend to disperse naturallyet al .and (2008), colonize this species new areas, are

theAccording presence to ofPetrescu-Mag P. reticulata speciescapable in of Sergipe’s surviving drainages in coastal also brackish needs to be waters. investigated. Finally, , another non-native poeciliid

Acknowledgments:

We thank all the members of the Laboratório Figure 2. Poecilia sphenops in rio Sergipe de Ictiologia (UFS) who helped us with the field work. Fapitec basin, Sergipe state, northeastern Brazil. (#019.203.00909/2009-8) and CNPq (#483103/2010-1) for financial Map of records of non-native support. Special thanks to Hans Kelstrup for revision of the English version, and for the suggestions of an anonymous reviewer. 1130 Brito et al. | New record of Poecilia sphenops in northeastern Brazil

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