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Jordan-Health-Equity.Pdf Health Inequalities in Jordan and their Social Determinants: Evidence and Policy Implications 2019 Disclaimer The analysis, views and policy recommendations in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Health Organization (WHO). The report also does not reflect the views of the American University in Cairo. The report is the work of an independent team of authors from the Social Research Center of the American University in Cairo supported by the World Health Organization/ Jordan (WHO /Jordan). Recommended Citation: Khadr, Z., Rashad, H., & Shawky. S. “Health Inequalities in Jordan and their Social Determinants: Evidence and Policy Implications.” The Social Research Center of the American University in Cairo and the World Health Organization/ Jordan (2019). TABLE OF CONTENT Table of content ............................................................................................................................................ 2 List of figures ................................................................................................................................................. 5 List of tables ................................................................................................................................................ 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 13 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 13 SECTION 2: JORDAN: SETTING THE SCENE ......................................................................................... 13 SECTION 3: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY ......................................................... 14 SECTION 4: CHILD HEALTH AND WELLBEING ...................................................................................... 16 SECTION 5: ADULT HEALTH AND NCDS ............................................................................................... 18 SECTION 6: SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ............................................................................. 19 SECTION 7: HEALTH SECTOR PERFORMANCE AND CAPACITY ............................................................ 22 Health sector performance ......................................................................................................... 23 Health sector capacity ................................................................................................................. 26 SECTION 8: HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE ...................................................................................... 27 SECTION 9: OVERVIEW OF THE HEALTH AND HEALTH EQUITY CHALLENGES IN JORDAN .................. 28 SECTION 10: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 30 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 33 1.1 Health equity a marker for social success ................................................................................... 34 2 Setting the Scene: the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ....................................................................... 37 2.1 Jordan: A high human development nation ............................................................................... 37 2.2 Health policy context in Jordan................................................................................................... 39 3 Framework and methodology............................................................................................................. 44 3.1 The framework for health inequity investigation ....................................................................... 44 3.2 The methodology ........................................................................................................................ 45 3.2.1 Data and health indicators .................................................................................................. 45 3.2.2 Choice of social stratifications: ............................................................................................. 1 3.2.3 Analytical Methods ............................................................................................................... 2 4 Child health and wellbeing .................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 Mortality indicators ...................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 Child health and wellbeing risk factors indicators ........................................................................ 7 4.2.1 Infant health risk factors ....................................................................................................... 7 4.2.2 Child nutrition risk factors................................................................................................... 11 4.2.3 Child development risk factors ........................................................................................... 14 4.3 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 18 5 Adult health and non-communicable diseases ................................................................................... 19 5.1 Mortality and NCDs ..................................................................................................................... 19 5.2 Diabetes in Jordan ....................................................................................................................... 20 5.3 NCDs risk factors ......................................................................................................................... 23 5.4 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 26 6 Sexual and reproductive health .......................................................................................................... 28 6.1 Social reproductive health risk factors ....................................................................................... 28 6.2 HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes ................................................................................ 32 6.3 Domestic violence risk factors .................................................................................................... 38 6.4 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 46 7 Health sector performance and capacity: ........................................................................................... 49 7.1 Health sector performance ......................................................................................................... 49 7.1.1 Health sector performance for infant health ...................................................................... 49 7.1.2 Health sector performance for child health ....................................................................... 53 7.1.3 Health sector performance for maternal health ................................................................ 59 7.1.4 Health sector performance for family planning indicators ................................................. 63 7.1.5 Health sector performance for other reproductive health indicators ................................ 67 7.2 Health sector capacity: ............................................................................................................... 70 7.3 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 74 8 Health insurance coverage in Jordan (UHC) ....................................................................................... 76 8.1 UHC in Jordan .............................................................................................................................. 76 8.2 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................................... 81 9 Health and health equity priorities in Jordan: Patterns and trends ................................................... 82 9.1 What are the main health priorities in Jordan and their trend between 2012 and 2017? ........ 82 9.2 What is the distribution of health priorities for different social groups and which social group is the most vulnerable social group? .......................................................................................................... 85 9.2.1 The priorities structures for the social groups for different stratifiers ............................... 85 9.2.2 Social groups experiencing worst performance ................................................................. 86 9.3 What is the distribution of severity of health inequality for different stratifier and which stratifier is more severely unequal? ....................................................................................................... 87 9.4 What are the trends in the inequality summary measures for the different
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