Southeast Brazil Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna

26 September - 13 October 2009

Tour leader: Nick Athanas

Report and photos by Nick Athanas all photos were taken on the tour

Photo left: Yellow-fronted Woodpecker from Intervales State Park

Our 2009 Southeast Brazil tour was surprising in many ways. Only two people signed up for it, thanks in large part to the global recession. Even though time was short and I had already pretty much given up on the tour, I decided to run it anyway, a decision I nearly came to regret, as it was a struggle to get lodge spaces at short notice. Fortuned smiled broadly, and it all came together in the end. A pity no one else signed up, as it turned out to be one of the most successful tours I've ever guided. Despite missing nearly a day at Intervales due to a cancelled flight, not to mention having more than out share of rain due to El Niño, and overlapping with a crazy busy holiday weekend near the end, and not even going at an excessively fast pace, we managed to see more on this tour than I every have before. For reasons we'll never know, the birds were just especially responsive and easy to see. Normally shy birds showed well, most notably the antbirds, of which we saw (well!) 33 of the 34 species possible on the itinerary. We came to expect surprises after a series of unexpected "write-ins" bolstered the list. A terrific trip in the end, with a list that will be hard to top, but I'll sure give it a shot in 2010!

Intervales The trip certainly did not start well. Bob & Tony had their flight to São Paulo cancelled due to a TAP airlines pilot strike, and arrived 24 hours late. Intervales is arguable the best spot on the entire tour, and to miss a day here is really painful. We all agreed to minimize the damage by getting up at a ridiculously early hour and driving straight to Intervales in time to save part of the morning. This worked out well, and we got to the state park by 7:45am, even seeing our only Streamer-tailed Tyrant en route. We still ended up having two full days at this remote and fantastic park, and as usual it did not disappoint. You are required to be accompanied by a park ranger while here, but a couple of them are great birders and it would a good idea to hire them even it weren't necessary. We had Luis this time, and I've birded with him on many other trips, and he really knows the birds here. His brother is also getting quite good! Here are some of the key birds we saw during our time at Intervales, and most of them we saw nowhere else on the tour: Black-fronted Piping-Guan , Pileated Parrot , Long-trained Nightjar , Dusky-throated Hermit , Buff-bellied Puffbird , Saffron and Spot-billed Toucanets , Ochre- collared Piculet , Yellow-fronted Woodpecker , Rufous-breasted Leaftosser , Orange-breasted Thornbird , Pale-browed Treehunter , Spot-backed , Giant , Large-tailed , and White-bearded Antshrikes , Bertoni's and Ochre-rumped Antbirds , Squamate Antbird , Sao Paulo , Bay-ringed , and Oustalet's Tyrannulets , Brown-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant , Sharpbill , Hooded Berryeater , Bare- throated Bellbird , Cinnamon-vented Piha , Red-ruffed Fruitcrow , Black-legged Dacnis , and Half- collared Sparrow .

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 1 Ubatuba After our final morning at Intervales, we drove back through São Paulo where the traffic was thankfully not too bad, stopping near Moji da Cruzes for the Parana Antwren . This was far harder this year than previous years thanks to the rainy winter and a new fence built by the owner to keep unscrupulous neighbors from dumping their trash. Even though I got permission to go in, there is no gate, we had to go through the barbed-wire fence and wade through the flooded reedbeds. We were all completely soaked by the end of it, but luckily a male came in at the 11th hour and we had great views of it. We spent the next three nights not far from Ubatuba, birding several different spots in the area. Heavy rain cost us some birding time, but on some of these occasions we were able to escape to Jonas's fantastic hummer and banana feeders, where we had 11 hummers including Saw-billed Hermit , Sombre , Black Jacobin , Festive Coquette , and White-chinned Sapphire , as well as tons of tanagers on the fruit like Azure-shouldered , Golden-chevroned , Brazilian , and Green-headed . A singing Shrike-like Cotinga almost next to the main highway may have been the biggest surprise of the trip. It came straight in to playback for brilliant views, and a woman walking down the road to work even stopped to have a look, wondering what all the excitement was about! It was a young bird, probably wandering in search of a territory, as it was not refound. Other nice sightings from around here included Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle , Blond-crested Woodpecker , Orange-eyed Thornbird , Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner , Tufted Antshrike , Spot-breasted Antvireo , Unicolored Antwren , Scaled Antbird , Black-cheeked Gnateater , Spotted Bamboowren , Slaty Bristlefront , Gray-capped Tyrannulet , Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant , and Buff-throated Purpletuft . Our final morning we birded north of the town of Perequê, the best known stake-out for Black-hooded Antwren , which we found easily (nest building) as well as Tataupa Tinamou next to the road, a brilliant male Frilled Coquette , our only Yellow-eared Woodpecker , Chestnut-backed Antshrike , Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant , Riverbank Warbler , and others.

Saw-billed Hermit Sombre Hummingbird

Azure-shouldered Tanager

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 2 REGUA As we arrived at Guapi Assu Bird Lodge, there was one of the reintroduced Red-billed Curassows right in the driveway. It had lost it's radio transmitter - does that make it "tickable"? Hey, I'm not the list police. There was time for some birding around the wetlands in the afternoon. The birding is easy and there's a lot to see. A few of the better ones were Masked Duck , Rufescent Tiger-Heron , Wing-banded Hornero , Yellow-chinned Spinetail , Black-capped Donacobius , and Chestnut-capped Blackbird . Staying out after dusk got us the stunning Tawny-browed Owl as well as a somewhat unexpected Spot-tailed Nightjar sitting on the ground. The next day we took a rather long hike up into the reserve. The weather was looking bad, but luckily the rain held off, and it was a pleasantly cool day with great bird activity. Having already seen the Shrike-like Cotinga in Ubatuba, we could relax and take our time up the trail, finding White-necked Hawk , Surucua Trogon , Rufous-capped Motmot , Crescent-chested Puffbird , Yellow-throated Woodpecker , Black-capped and White-eyed Foliage-gleaners , White-throated Woodcreeper , Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike , Gray-hooded Flycatcher , Grayish Mourner , Pin-tailed and Swallow-tailed Manakins , Temminck's Seedeater , and Blue-naped Chlorophonia . The best bird of the day had to be the Black- capped Screech-Owl that flew out of it's roosting hole when we got too close and sat full in the open on a branch! Check out the photo above. On our second full day, we took a long day trip up to Pico da Caledonia in the Serra dos Órgãos mountains. The target here is the extremely local Gray-winged Cotinga , which did not disappoint, as it came in and showed itself better than ever. We also had Black-and-gold Cotinga here (photo left) as other high elevation birds like Plovercrest , Rufous-tailed Antbird , Rufous-backed Antvireo , and Mouse-colored Tapaculo .

White-necked Hawk Rufous-tailed Antbird

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 3 Before heading for Itatiaia, we took a detour to the coast to see Restinga Antwren . We saw it easily, also finding a surprise Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch nearby. A strong south wind brought a few pelagics in close, and we saw a few Manx Shearwaters and a Parasitic Jaeger among the more common Brown Boobies . We drove a few hours to Itatiaia National Park, seeing the landmarks of Rio as we crossed over the 13 km Niterói Bridge (the longest in South America).

Itatiaia This is the oldest of Brazil's national parks, and one of the most visited. It provides easy access to nice from the foothills all the way up to treeline. Access to the highest elevations is along a different road, so we stayed in two different hotels to minimize travel time, both superb, the Hotel do Ypê and the Hotel São Gotardo. We had a day of birding out of the Ypê, and it started with a bang with a Swallow- tailed Cotinga from the parking lot right after breakfast - one of the coolest and most sought-after birds of the Atlantic Forest, and the only one we saw on the tour. It was hard to beat that but we tried with a terrific Robust Woodpecker seen soon after. Other birds for the day included Dusky-legged Guan , Scale-throated Hermit , Scaled Woodcreeper , White-bibbed Antbird , Such's Antthrush , Drab- breasted Pygmy-Tyrant , Buffy-fronted Seedeater , and a decidedly uncooperative Southern Antpipit . Next day we left early to drive the 1h15m to the Algulhas Negras road at the upper part of the park, where the birding was absolutely out-of-this-world. The birds were virtually falling into our laps, and we had seen pretty much everything available by lunchtime! Not just the easy ones, either. A partial list of the victims of our binoculars: Speckle-breasted Antpitta , Rufous-tailed Antthrush , Black-capped Piprites , Itatiaia Spinetail (photo above), Araucaria Tit-Spinetail , Gray-bellied Spinetail , Sharp- tailed Streamcreeper , Thick-billed Saltator , Olivaceous , Serra do Mar , Mottle-cheeked , and Greenish Tyrannulets , Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin , Bay-chested and Buff-throated Warbling-Finches , Blackish Rail , and White-rumped Hawk . Having pretty much cleaned up, we took the afternoon off and relaxed at the beautiful hotel right at the start of the road.

Dusky-legged Guan Green-headed Tanager

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 4 Canastra We arrived at Canastra in the middle of a torrential rainstorm, so we went to check in to the hotel in São Roque before going out birding. We spent an afternoon and a full day on the south side of the Canastra escarpment. Most of the accessible birding areas are outside of the national park, but despite this it is the best place in the world to look for Brazilian Merganser , and the birding is easy with daily lists often reaching 120 species. It took some searching to get the mergansers, but we finally found a big family sitting on a rock in the middle of the São Francisco River. Other birds we saw here included Buff-necked Ibis , Red-legged Seriema , Yellow-chevroned Parakeet , Great Dusky , Toco Toucan , Sooty-fronted and Pale-breasted Spinetails , Firewood-gatherer , Narrow-billed Woodcreeper , Black-capped Antwren , Crested Black-Tyrant , Helmeted Manakin , Curl-crested Jay , White-bellied Warbler , Chestnut-headed Tanager , Blue Finch , Black-throated Saltator , and Saffron-billed Sparrow . White-wedged Piculet (photo left) was another surprise write-in and a first for the tour. On our second full day, we drove up to the top of the plateau and birded the tall grasslands, which host a very distinctive and threatened avifauna. The holiday weekend was in full swing, and the normally deserted rough road through the park looked like a superhighway at times. Somehow this didn't seem to bother the birds, and we even had two tinamous in the road, Red-winged Tinamou and Spotted Nothura , which seemed ridiculous! Some other birds we saw up here were White-eared Puffbird , Rufous-winged Antshrike , Plain-crested and Lesser Elaenias , Sharp-tailed Tyrant , Cock-tailed Tyrant , Tawny- headed Swallow , Sedge Wren , Ochre-breasted Pipit , White-rumped Tanager , Plumbeous Seedeater , Great Pampa-Finch , and Black-masked Finch .

Brazilian Merganser Black Tufted-ear Marmoset

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 5 Caraça We left Canastra early for the long drive east. A random leg-stretching stop got us a flock of Bare- faced Ibis , a first for this tour, and a short stop at a state park near Belo Horizonte produced the expected Three-toed Jacamar . We carried on to Caraça, which was a mob scene thanks to the holiday weekend. There were only a few targets for us here, and we picked them up pretty easily either that afternoon or the next morning, including Serra Antwren , Dusky-tailed Antbird (better views than at Intervales), Green-backed Becard , Gilt-edged Tanager , and Golden-rumped Euphonia . Unfortunately the huge crowds kept the normally reliable Maned Wolves away from the monastery. At one point after dinner there were over 100 people crowded onto the church steps, making so much noise that I can't blame the poor for not coming in to eat the chicken bones left out for it!

Dusky-tailed Antbird Masked Titi-Monkey

Gilt-edged Tanager Golden-rumped Euphonia

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 6 Cipó I took a different road north that completely avoided the city of Belo Horizonte, and allowed us to bird a side road that produced a tour-first Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin even in the heat of the day, as well as a few other things. We checked into our chalets near the Serra do Cipó as hordes of vacationers were checking out - a good sign! It was near the end of the tour, with only an afternoon and a morning remaining, but we were down to a last few key birds, which again proved remarkably easy. The target endemics were Hyacinth Visorbearer , Cipo Canastero , Gray-backed Tachuri , and Cinereous Warbling-Finch , but we saw a few other nice things too, such as a much better Blue Finch compared to the dull juve we had seen a few days ago, and White-vented Violet-ear , Horned Sungem , Suiriri Flycatcher , Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant , and White-banded Tanager .

Cipo Canastero

Blue Finch

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 7 BIRD LIST This list includes all the bird species that were recorded by at least one of the group, including the leader. and nomenclature follow: Clements, James F. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. Sixth Edition, 2007, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, including all updates through December 2009.

Totals: 464 bird species seen 17 heard only

Abbreviations: H=Heard only (I)=Introduced species (E)=Species endemic to Brazil (VU)=Considered vulnerable by BirdLife International (EN)=Considered endangered by BirdLife International (CR)=Considered critically endangered by BirdLife International

TINAMOUS TINAMIDAE Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus H Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens Spotted Nothura Nothura maculosa H Dwarf Tinamou Taoniscus nanus DUCKS, GEESE, AND WATERFOWL ANATIDAE White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis Brazilian Merganser (CR) Mergus octosetaceus Masked Duck Nomonyx dominica GUANS, CURASSOWS, AND ALLIES CRACIDAE Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura Black-fronted Piping-Guan (EN) Pipile jacutinga Red-billed Curassow (E-EN, reintroduced ) Crax blumenbachii NEW WORLD QUAIL ODONTOPHORIDAE H Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira GREBES PODICIPEDIDAE Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps SHEARWATERS AND PETRELS PROCELLARIIDAE Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus BOOBIES AND GANNETS SULIDAE Brown Booby Sula leucogaster CORMORANTS PHALACROCORACIDAE Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus FRIGATEBIRDS FREGATIDAE Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 8 HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS ARDEIDAE Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Great Egret Ardea alba Snowy Egret Egretta thula Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Striated Heron Butorides striata Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax IBISES AND SPOONBILLS THRESKIORNITHIDAE Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja NEW WORLD VULTURES CATHARTIDAE Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES ACCIPITRIDAE Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens White-necked Hawk (E-VU) Leucopternis lacernulatus Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris White-rumped Hawk Buteo leucorrhous White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus FALCONS AND CARACARAS FALCONIDAE Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis H Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus Southern Caracara Caracara plancus Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima American Kestrel Falco sparverius Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS RALLIDAE Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Aramides saracura H Russet-crowned Crake Anurolimnas viridis H Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus SERIEMAS CARIAMIDAE Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS CHARADRIIDAE Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 9 American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus STILTS AND AVOCETS RECURVIROSTRIDAE Black-necked (White-backed) Stilt Himantopus mexicanus melanurus JACANAS JACANIDAE Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES SCOLOPACIDAE Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Sanderling Calidris alba GULLS LARIDAE: LARINAE Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus TERNS LARIDAE: STERNINAE Common Tern Sterna hirundo Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis acuflavidus Sandwich (Cayenne) Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus SKUAS AND JAEGERS STERCORARIIDAE Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus PIGEONS AND DOVES COLUMBIDAE Rock Pigeon (I) Columba livia Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti Scaled Dove Columbina squammata White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi H Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla PARROTS PSITTACIDAE Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma Golden-capped Parakeet (E) Aratinga auricapillus Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius Plain Parakeet (E) Brotogeris tirica Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Pileated (Red-capped) Parrot Pionopsitta pileata Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani CUCKOOS CULIDAE Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia H Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani OWLS STRIGIDAE Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba Black-capped (Variable) Screech-Owl Megascops atricapilla Tawny-browed Owl Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 10 H Rusty-barred Owl Strix hylophila NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES CAPRIMULGIDAE Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Spot-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus maculicaudus Long-trained Nightjar Macropsalis forcipata POTOOS NYCTIBIIDAE H Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus SWIFTS APODIDAE Sooty Swift fumigatus Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex White-collared Swift zonaris Biscutate Swift Streptoprocne biscutata Sick's Swift Chaetura meridionalis Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris TROCHILIDAE Saw-billed Hermit (E) Ramphodon naevius Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus Dusky-throated Hermit (E) Phaethornis squalidus Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura Sombre Hummingbird (E) Aphantochroa cirrochloris Black Jacobin Florisuga fuscus White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Plovercrest (E) Stephanoxis lalandi lalandi Frilled Coquette (E) magnificus Festive Coquette Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor versicolor Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata Brazilian Ruby (E) Clytolaema rubricauda Hyacinth Visorbearer (E) Augastes scutatus Horned Sungem Heliactin bilophus Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina TROGONS TROGONIDAE Green-backed (White-tailed) Trogon Trogon viridis melanopterus Surucua Trogon (yellow - north) (E) Trogon surrucura aurantius Surucua Trogon (red - south) Trogon surrucura surrucura Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus MOTMOTS MOMOTIDAE Rufous-capped Motmot Baryphthengus ruficapillus KINGFISHERS ALCEDINIDAE Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata PUFFBIRDS BUCCONIDAE Buff-bellied Puffbird (E) Notharchus swainsoni White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru Crescent-chested Puffbird (E) Malacoptila striata

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 11 JACAMARS GALBULIDAE Three-toed Jacamar (E-VU) Jacamaralcyon tridactyla Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda TOUCANS RAMPHASTIDAE Saffron Toucanet (E) Pteroglossus bailloni Spot-billed Toucanet Selenidera maculirostris Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus ariel Red-breasted Toucan Ramphastos dicolorus WOODPECKERS PICIDAE White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus Ochre-collared Piculet Picumnus temminckii White-wedged Piculet Picumnus albosquamatus guttifer White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus Yellow-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus White-spotted Woodpecker Veniliornis spilogaster Yellow-eared Woodpecker (E) Veniliornis maculifrons Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula erythropis White-browed (Yellow-browed) Woodpecker Piculus aurulentus Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris campestris Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Robust Woodpecker Campephilus robustus OVENBIRDS FURNARIIDAE: FURNARIINAE H Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor scansor Wing-banded (Tail-banded) Hornero (E) Furnarius figulus Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Araucaria Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura setaria Itatiaia Spinetail (Thistletail) (E) Oreophylax moreirae Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla Gray-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens Spix's (Chicli) Spinetail Synallaxis spixi Pallid Spinetail (E) Cranioleuca pallida Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus Cipo Canastero (E-VU) Asthenes luizae Rufous-fronted (Common) Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons Orange-eyed (Red-eyed) Thornbird (E) Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus Orange-breasted (Red-eyed) Thornbird (E) Phacellodomus ferrugineigula Firewood-gatherer Anumbius annumbi Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Philydor lichtensteini Black-capped Foliage-gleaner Philydor atricapillus Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufum White-collared Foliage-gleaner (E) Anabazenops fuscus Pale-browed Treehunter (E) Cichlocolaptes leucophrus White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus l. leucophthalmus Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 12 Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans WOODCREEPERS FURNARIIDAE: DENDROCOLAPTINAE Plain-brown (Thrush-like) Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa turdina Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis Planalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris Scaled Woodcreeper (E) Lepidocolaptes squamatus Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius TYPICAL ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus Giant Antshrike Batara cinerea Large-tailed Antshrike Mackenziaena leachii Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa Great Antshrike Taraba major White-bearded Antshrike (VU) Biatas nigropectus Rufous-capped Antshrike Thamnophilus r. ruficapillus Rufous-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus vestitus Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike (E) Thamnophilus ambiguus Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus c. caerulescens Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis Rufous-backed Antvireo (E) Dysithamnus xanthopterus Star-throated Antwren (E) Myrmotherula gularis White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa Unicolored Antwren (E) Myrmotherula unicolor Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus Black-hooded Antwren (E-EN) Formicivora erythronotos Serra Antwren (E) Formicivora serrana Restinga Antwren (E-CR) Formicivora littoralis Parana Antwren (E-EN) Stymphalornis acutirostris Ferruginous Antbird (E) Drymophila ferruginea Bertoni's Antbird Drymophila rubricollis Rufous-tailed Antbird (E) Drymophila genei Ochre-rumped Antbird (E) Drymophila ochropyga Dusky-tailed Antbird Drymophila malura Scaled Antbird (E) Drymophila squamata Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera White-bibbed Antbird (E) Myrmeciza loricata Squamate Antbird (E) Myrmeciza squamosa ANTTHRUSHES FORMICARIIDAE Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza c. campanisona Such's (Cryptic) Antthrush (E) Chamaeza meruloides Rufous-tailed (Brazilian) Antthrush Chamaeza ruficauda ANTPITTAS GRALLARIIDAE H Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia imperator Speckle-breasted Antpitta Hylopezus nattereri

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 13 GNATEATERS CONOPOPHAGIDAE Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata vulgaris Black-cheeked Gnateater (E) Conopophaga melanops TAPACULOS RHINOCRYPTIDAE Spotted Bamboowren Psilorhamphus guttatus Slaty Bristlefront (E) Merulaxis ater H White-breasted Tapaculo (E) Eleoscytalopus indigoticus Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae H Brasilia Tapaculo (E) Scytalopus novacapitalis CRESCENTCHESTS MELANOPAREIDAE H Collared Crescentchest Melanopareia torquata TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri suiriri Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola Gray-backed Tachuri (E) Polystictus superciliaris Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps caniceps Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis Highland Elaenia Elaenia obscura Sooty Tyrannulet nigricans White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus Gray-hooded Flycatcher (E) Mionectes rufiventris Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis Sao Paulo Tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulista Oustalet's Tyrannulet Phylloscartes oustaleti Serra do Mar Tyrannulet (E) Phylloscartes difficilis Bay-ringed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes sylviolus Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias b. burmeisteri Greenish Tyrannulet Phyllomyias virescens Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus Gray-capped Tyrannulet (E) Phyllomyias griseocapilla Sharp-tailed Tyrant (VU) Culicivora caudacuta Southern Antpipit Corythopis delalandi Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant Hemitriccus diops Brown-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus obsoletus Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus orbitatus Hangnest Tody-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus nidipendulus Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (E-VU) Hemitriccus furcatus Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps Gray-headed (Yellow-lored) Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias s. sulphurescens White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus H Russet-winged Spadebill (VU) Platyrinchus leucoryphus Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa Whiskered (Yellow-rumped) Flycatcher Myiobius barbatus mastacalis Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus ridgwayi

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 14 Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus flammiceps Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus cinereus Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus Blue-billed Black-Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris Crested Black-Tyrant Knipolegus lophotes Velvety Black-Tyrant (E) Knipolegus nigerrimus Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys Gray Monjita Xolmis cinereus White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velatus Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant Muscipipra vetula Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta nengeta White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Cock-tailed Tyrant (VU) Alectrurus tricolor Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa Large-headed Flatbill Ramphotrigon megacephalum Gray-hooded Attila Attila rufus Sirystes Sirystes sibilator sibilator Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex Swainson's Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Three-striped Flycatcher Conopias trivirgatus Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana SHARPBILL OXYRUNCIDAE Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus COTINGAS COTINGIDAE Hooded Berryeater (E) Carpornis cucullata Bare-throated Bellbird (VU) Procnias nudicollis Black-and-gold Cotinga (E) Tijuca atra Gray-winged Cotinga (E-VU) Tijuca condita Cinnamon-vented Piha (E) Lipaugus lanioides Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus Swallow-tailed Cotinga Phibalura flavirostris flavirostris MANAKINS PIPRIDAE Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma pallescens Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma chrysolophum Pin-tailed Manakin Ilicura militaris White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata Swallow-tailed (Blue) Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 15 Black-capped Piprites Piprites pileata TITYRAS AND ALLIES TITYRIDAE Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens Buff-throated Purpletuft (E) Iodopleura pipra Shrike-like Cotinga (VU) Laniisoma elegans elegans Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis viridis Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Crested Becard Pachyramphus validus VIREOS VIREONIDAE Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus diversus Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis Gray-eyed Greenlet (E) Hylophilus amaurocephalus Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis CROWS, JAYS, AND MAGPIES CORVIDAE Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus SWALLOWS HIRUNDINIDAE Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata White-thighed Swallow Atticora tibialis Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa Bank Swallow Riparia riparia Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica WRENS TROGLODYTIDAE Long-billed Wren (E) Thryothorus longirostris House Wren Troglodytes aedon Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis polyglottus DONACOBIUS DONACOBIIDAE Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla GNATCATCHERS POLIOPTILIDAE Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus THRUSHES AND ALLIES TURDIDAE Yellow-legged Thrush Turdus flavipes Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis MOCKINGBIRDS MIMIDAE Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus PIPITS MOTACILLIDAE Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens lutescens Ochre-breasted Pipit (VU) Anthus nattereri Hellmayr's Pipit Anthus hellmayri NEW WORLD WARBLERS PARULIDAE Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 16 Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis velata Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus White-bellied Warbler Basileuterus hypoleucus Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus White-browed (White-rimmed) Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus Riverbank (Neotropical River) Warbler Phaeothlypis rivularis BANANAQUIT COEREBIDAE Bananaquit Coereba flaveola TANAGERS AND ALLIES THRAUPIDAE Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus White-banded Tanager Neothraupis fasciata Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata Olive-green Tanager (E) Orthogonys chloricterus Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida Chestnut-headed Tanager Pyrrhocoma ruficeps White-rumped Tanager Cypsnagra hirundinacea Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum Rufous-headed Tanager Hemithraupis ruficapilla Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus Brazilian Tanager (E) Ramphocelus bresilius Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca Azure-shouldered Tanager (E) Thraupis cyanoptera Golden-chevroned Tanager (E) Thraupis ornata Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Diademed Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala Brassy-breasted Tanager (E) Tangara desmaresti Gilt-edged Tanager (E) Tangara cyanoventris Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana Black-legged Dacnis (E) Dacnis nigripes Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis Black-throated Saltator Saltator atricollis Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis Thick-billed Saltator Saltator maxillosus Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Black-throated Grosbeak Saltator fuliginosus EMBERIZID FINCHES EMBERIZIDAE (Yellow-billed) Blue Finch Porphyrospiza caerulescens Bay-chested Warbling-Finch (E) Poospiza thoracica Buff-throated (Red-rumped) Warbling-Finch (E) Poospiza lateralis Cinereous Warbling-Finch (E-VU) Poospiza cinerea Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Buffy-fronted Seedeater (VU) Sporophila frontalis Temminck's Seedeater (VU) Sporophila falcirostris Plumbeous Seedeater Sporophila plumbea

Tropical Birding www.tropicalbirding.com 17 Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis Dubois's Seedeater (E) Sporophila ardesiaca Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis Uniform Finch Haplospiza unicolor Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola Great Pampa-Finch Embernagra platensis Pale-throated Pampa-Finch (E) Embernagra longicauda Black-masked Finch (VU) Coryphaspiza melanotis Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus Half-collared Sparrow (E) Arremon semitorquatus Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis GROSBEAKS AND ALLIES CARDINALIDAE Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica AMERICAN ORIOLES & BLACKBIRDS ICTERIDAE White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi Chestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Golden-winged Cacique Cacicus chrysopterus Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus SISKINS, EUPHONIAS, AND ALLIES FRINGILLIDAE Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea H Green-throated (-chinned) Euphonia Euphonia chalybea Golden-rumped Euphonia Euphonia cyanocephala Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea Hooded Siskin Spinus magellanicus OLD WORLD SPARROWS PASSERIDAE House Sparrow (I) Passer domesticus WAXBILLS ESTRILDIDAE Common Waxbill (I) Estrilda astrild

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