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New Information on Nine Birds from Paraguay

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New Information on Nine Birds from Paraguay SHORT COMMUNICATIONS ORNrrOLOGIA NEarROPICAL 6: 129-134, 1995 @ The Neotropical Ornithological Society NEW INFORMATION ON NINE BIRDS FROM PARAGUAY Thomas M. Brooks1, Rob P. Clay2, James C. Lowen3, Stuart H. M. Butchart2, Roger Barnes4, Estela Z. Esquivel5, Nubia I. Etcheverry6 & Jon P. Vincent7 1 Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1610, U.S.A. 2 Dept. of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U.K. 341 Batcliffe Drive, Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS6 3QB, U.K. 44 Claremont Drive, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS6 4ED, U.K. 5 Fundación Moisés Bertoni para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Rodríguez de Francia 770, CC 714, Asunción, Paraguay. 6 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Sucursal 19, San Lorenzo, Asunción, Paraguay. 7 1 Russell Close, Lee-on-Solent, Gosport, Hampshire PO13 9HS, U.K. Key words: Bird distribution, conservation, Paraguay. Eastern Parnguay combines several distinct eco- servation have been published elsewhere (Brooks systems, and hence its avifauna is highly diverse. et al. 1993). During the course of the project, we To the east are the humid Atlantic forests, one recorded nine species of birds which have not of the most unique centres of endemism in been previously confirmed to occur in the South America, holding eight "Endemic Bird country (Hayes 1995). Here we report our obser- Areas" (International Council for Bird Preserva- vations of these species. tion 1992). Three of these "Endemic Bird Areas" Our first four fieldwork sites were ranches extend into eastern Parnguay (B52 South-east Bra- on which blocks of forest remain. They were: zilian lowland to foothills, B53 South-east Brazi- 1) Estancia La Golondrina, Dpto. Caazapá lian mountains, and B54 South-east Brazilian (25°33'S, 55°30'W, 5-21 July, 270 field-hours); arnucaria forest), with c. 72 of the 214 Atlantic 2) Estancia San Antonio, Dpto. Alto Paraná Forest endemic bird species occurring in the (25°18'S, 55°20'W, 22 July-3 Aug., 379 field- country (Scott & Brooke 1985, Hayes 1995). To hours); 3) Estancia Itab6, Dpto. Canindeyú the south lie the Argentinian pampas grasslands, (24°27'S, 54°38'W, 4-19 Aug., 367 field-hours); to the north the cerrado savannasof Mato Gros- and 4) Estancia La Golondrina, Dptos. Caaguazú so, Brazil, and to the west, on the far bank of the and Canindeyú (24°43'S, 55°22'W, 21-30 Río Parnguay, the vast Chaco scrubland. How- Aug., 284 field-hours). These forests have been ever, habitat destruction, both of the humid sub- designated as "Private Nature Reserves" in an tropical forest and of the virgin grasslands,along innovative joint agreement between the Fun- with disturbance through hunting, trapping, daci6n Moisés Bertoni and the land-owners. pollution and infrastructural development, is Our final site, 5) the Reserva Natural del threatening to destroy this special avifauna in the near future. No less than 23 of the bird species Bosque Mbaracayú, Dpto. Canindeyú (24°07' S, 55°26'W, 2-19 Sep., 416 field-hours), is the recorded in Parnguay are listed as "threatened" largest block of humid forest remaining in with global extinction by Collar et al. (1992). Project CANOPY '92, an undergraduate ex- eastern Paraguay. The reserve is managed by the pedition from the University of Cambridge, Fundaci6n Mbaracayú, a body comprised of spent 11 weeks in the austral winter of 1992 car- representatives from the Fundaci6n Moisés Ber- rying out ornithological and mammalogical toni, the local Aché Indians, The Nature Conser- fieldwork at five sites (Fig. 1) in remnant humid vancy, the Paraguayan Government and the U ni- forest blocks in the Oriental region of Parnguay. ted Nations (Fundaci6n Moisés Bertoni 1991). The results of this fieldwork in relation to con- All sites are lowland, 100-350 m altitude. 129 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Project CANOPY '92 recorded nine species been reported in Paraguay before: these are that have not previously been confirmed to White-browed Foliage-gleaner Philydor amauro- occur in Paraguay (Hayes 1995). For six of these, tis, Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae Red-spectacled Parrot Amazona pretrei, Black- and Sooty Grassquit Tiaris fuliginosa. Note that, banded Owl Strix huhula, Sooty Swift Cypseloi- following considerable research, we now con- desfumigatus, Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cine- sider the records of Plumbeous Pigeon Columba reiventris, Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis plumbea mentioned in Brooks et al. (1993) to sapphirina and Canebrake Groundcreeper Cliba- be inconclusive. nornis dendrocolaptoides, "hypothetical" records Detailed fieldnotes were taken in al1 cases, exist from Paraguay, mainly as historical reports and for species marked with ,*, full field or in- without supporting details or evidence (Hayes hand descriptions were published in Brooks et al. 1995). The other three species have not even (1993). We state in the text cases where photo- FIG. L Paraguay,showing departmemsand fieldwork site numbers. 130 SHORT COMMUNICATIOJ graphs have been deposited at VIREO. Biome- Strix huhula. We heard a single bird calling be- trics for mist-netted birds were published in tween 22:00 and 23:00 on 9 Aug. and 14 Aug. at Brooks et al. (1993). Taxonomy and nomen- Estancia Itabó, Dpto. Canindeyú. It was identi- clature follow Sibley & Monroe (1990), but fied by reference to Hardy et al. (1990). The systematic order follows Hayes (1995) for easeof species has been reported to occur in Paraguay reference. before (Short 1975, Remsen & Ridgely 1980), but Hayes (1995) could trace no previous con- Amazona pretrei *. R.B. observed a single indivi- firmed records. A specimen was also collected in dual at Estancia Itabó, Dpto. Canindeyú, on 15 the Parque Nacional Caaguazú, Dpto. Caazapá, Aug., perched c. 10 m above the ground in a tall, on 30 Sept. 1993, and has been deposited in the bare emergent. The bird was first sighted at 10:00 Swedish Museum of Natural History (N.I.E.). and did not move from its perch during 30 min. The species is known to be an uncommon resi- of bbservation, but could not subsequently be dent of humid forests in Misiones, Argentina relocated. It did not associate with the many (Olrog 1979, Narosky & Yzurieta 1987, Cane- Vinaceous Parrots A. vinacea in the immediate vari et al. 1991) and Brazil (Sick 1993), and its vicinity, and did not call. The description ob- status is presumably similar in eastern Paraguay. tained (seeBrooks et al. 1993) precludes the possi- bility that the bird was either an Alder Parrot A. Cypseloidesfumigatus *. We recorded this species tucumana (not known from Paraguay) or an im- at Estancia San Antonio, Dpto. Alto Paraná (two mature A. vinacea, lacking pink on the breast. A on 29 July), Estancia Itabó, Dpto. Canindeyú previous report of the species in Paraguay con- (one on 6 Aug., four on 10 Aug., two on 13 cerns three individuals reported1y collected on Aug.), Estancia La Golondrina, northern Dpto. the "Río Piraty-y (Alto Paraná)", in June 1928 Caaguazú (three on 25 Aug.), and the Reserva (Podtiaguin 1944), but no further details of these Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú, Dpto. Canin- specimens have ever been available and Hayes deyú (commonly). Our field descriptions of (1995) considers them to be "hypothetical". these birds ( sre Brooks et al. 1993), easily distin- Collar et al. (1992) and Hayes (1995) also note guish them from Great Dusky Swift Aeromis senex (which is a scarce resident in the region) another "hypothetica1" sight record, of several and from the Chaetura swifts. Bertoni (1939) birds seen flying across the Río Paraná from reported the species for "Paraná", but without Misiones, Argentina towards Paraguay in July evidenct; and Hayes (1995) considered this 1987. report to be "hypothetical". There is a recent The species has declined seriously in recent specimen in the Museo de Historia Natural de years, and Collar et al. (1992) consider it to be Itaipú Binacional (Anonymous 1993). The spe- globally "threatened". It is now apparently extinct cies is not uncommon in adjacent Brazil (Sick in Misiones, Argentina, and confined to arauca- 1993, Tobias et al. 1993) and Argentina (Olrog ria and gallery forest in Rio Grande do Sul, Bra- 1979, Narosky & Yzurieta 1987, Canevari et al. zil (Forshaw 1989, Collar et al. 1992). However, 1991). The pattern of our records may indicate flocks ofA;pretrei are highly mobile with some that the species is a scarce resident in eastern populations of the speciesundertaking consider- Paraguay, with numbers increased by migrants able seasonal migrations (Varty et al. 1994), indi- arriving in the austral spring having wintered cating that our record is most probably an over- further north. shooting migrant from Rio Grande do Sul rather than a member of a remnant population in Chaetura cinereiventris*. The status of Chaetura eastern Paraguay. Alternatively, our record could swifts in Paraguay is not at all well known. Ashy- suggest the possibility that an undiscovered tailed Swift C. andrei is apparently a fairly com- population of the species survives nearby in mon breeder in the country, but seems to be north-western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Finally, it largely absent in the austral winter (Hayes et al. is not impossible that the bird in question origi- 1994). C cinereiventris has not previously been nated from a captive source, as the clandestine confirmed to occur in Paraguay and Hayes ( 1995) trade in this species is apparently not insignifi- considers old reports of the species to be "hypo- cant(Varty et al. 1994). thetical". The species has recently been recorded SHORT COMMUNICATIONS in the Gountry by R. S. Ridgely (in litt. ), by Dpto. Caazapá or Dpto. Alto Paraná, and from Anongmous (1993) and by N. Pérez, who photo- Puerto Bertoni, Dpto. Alto Paraná (Bertoni graphed an individual on its nest (F.
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