DOCSLIB.ORG

Venus's Shield Terrain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Venus's Shield Terrain B25606 page 1 of 15 Venus’s shield terrain Vicki L. Hansen† Department of Geological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA ABSTRACT strong throughout shield-terrain formation. resurfacing. The fl ood-lava hypothesis has been Shield terrain may extend across much of accepted because of a lack of obvious volcanic Plains, planitiae, or lowlands—expanses of Venus’s surface. fl ows or edifi ces, or because alternative viable gentle, long-wavelength (~1000 km) basins— models exist. Thus, it is important to determine cover ~80% of Venus’s surface. These regions Keywords: Venus, shields, resurfacing, fl ood the range of sources and the types of processes are widely accepted as covered by volcanic lava, mud volcano, partial melt. that contributed to lowland resurfacing. fl ows, although the mechanism(s) responsible Locally, coronae, circular to quasi-circular for resurfacing remains elusive; in addition, a INTRODUCTION tectonomagmatic features that range in size from volcanic origin for the lowland surface may ~60 to 1000 km in diameter (200-km mean; Sto- be open to question. Lowland resurfacing is Understanding processes that affect Venus’s fan et al., 1992), expelled lava fl ows that extend typically attributed to catastrophic emplace- lowlands is critical to Venus evolution models. over 500 km and locally contribute lava to adja- ment (10–100 m.y.) of globally extensive, Lowlands—expanses of gentle, long-wave- cent lowlands (e.g., Chapman, 1999; Rosenberg thick (1–3 km) fl ood-type lava. This model of length topography at or below 1.5 km mean and McGill, 2001; Campbell and Rogers, 2002; resurfacing has been postulated on the basis planetary radius—cover ~80% of Venus (Masur- Hansen and DeShon, 2002; Young and Hansen, of impact crater distribution, taken together sky et al., 1980). Although lowland materials 2003). However, many lowlands, including those with a lack of obvious volcanic fl ows or edi- are widely considered volcanic (Banerdt et al., in the Niobe-Greenaway (0–25°N/90–150°E) fi ces, and a lack of viable alternative models. 1997), the mechanism(s) responsible for low- area, lack adjacent coronae or coronae-source Ongoing geologic mapping of ~15,000,000 km2 land volcanism remain mostly elusive. Lowland lava fl ows. This contribution examines the exten- (0–25N/90–150E) using 225 m/pixel and 75 m/ resurfacing is typically attributed to emplace- sive tract of Venus’s lowland in the Niobe-Green- pixel NASA Magellan SAR (synthetic aperture ment of extensive fl ood lava (e.g., Banerdt et away area (Figs. 1 and 2) in order to expressly radar) data indicates that small edifi ces, called al., 1997). This supposition forms the basis for evaluate lowland surface processes. shields (1–15-km-diameter edifi ces, <<1 km two related hypotheses: catastrophic resurfac- The results reveal no evidence for widespread high), play a major role in lowland resurfac- ing (Strom et al., 1994) and global stratigraphy fl ood-lava fl ows; rather, tens to hundreds of ing. Individual shields are radar-smooth or - (Basilevsky and Head, 1996, 1998, 2002; Head thousands of small eruptive centers dominate the rough, quasi-circular to circular features with and Basilevsky, 1998). The related hypotheses lowland across over 10,000,000 km2. Individual or without a central pit. Shield shapes, which imply that Venus’s lowland was covered very eruptive centers (shields) and associated deposits have been previously documented, range from quickly (<10–100 m.y.) by thick (1–3 km) that coalesce into an extensive, thin, mechani- shield, dome, or cone, to fl at-topped or fl at. fl ood-type lava ca. 750 +350/–400 Ma (global cally strong layer (shield paint) together form Shield deposits typically coalesce, forming average model surface age [McKinnon et al., shield terrain. Shield terrain formed in a time- a thin, regionally extensive but discontinu- 1997]). Such thick layers of lava are postulated transgressive manner and is cut by distributed ous, mechanically strong layer, herein called in order to account for complete burial of preex- low-strain deformation marked by extension shield paint. Shield paint conforms to delicate isting impact craters that are presumed to have fractures, wrinkle ridges, and inversion struc- local topography, providing evidence of its formed on tessera terrain and fracture terrain tures. Shield-terrain evolution seems inconsistent thin character and indicating generally low that, within the context of the hypothesis, form with the catastrophic fl ood-lava resurfacing viscosity during emplacement. Shield ter- globally extensive basement units. Impact crater hypothesis. Possible models for shield-terrain rain (shields and shield paint) covers more rim-to-trough heights range from 0.2 to 1.5 km formation include widespread sedimentation than 10,000,000 km2 within the study area. (Herrick and Sharpton, 2000), thus requiring a and mud volcano formation, and shallow in situ Detailed mapping of fi ve 2° × 2° regions using fl ood-lava thickness greater than 1.5 km to cover point-source partial-melt formation resulting in coregistered normal and inverted right- and early-formed craters. The global stratigraphy tertiary melt that subsequently rises to the surface left-illumination SAR imagery indicates shield hypothesis implies that “wrinkle-ridge plains” along preexisting fractures. Both of these hypoth- densities of 3500–33,500 shields/106 km2; thus, or “regional plains” represent the catastrophi- eses present quite different pictures of ancient the map area hosts more than 35,000–335,000 cally emplaced, globally extensive fl ood lava Venus compared with contemporary Venus. shields. Shield terrain generally postdates, that buried all preexisting impact craters across but is also locally deformed by, fractures and Venus’s lowland. But currently no robust tem- BACKGROUND wrinkle ridges, indicating time-transgressive poral constraints are available with regard to the formation relative to local deformation and/ emplacement rate of Venus surfaces, whether Venus’s Geology or reactivation. The regional scale crust was punctuated, catastrophic, or continuous (Camp- bell, 1999). In addition, no studies explicitly Venus exhibits three global topographic prov- †E-mail: [email protected]. evaluate a fl ood-lava mechanism for lowland inces—lowlands, mesolands, and highlands— GSA Bulletin; May/June 2005; v. 117; no. 5/6; p. 000–000; doi: 10.1130/B256060.1; 9 fi gures; 1 table. For permission to copy, contact [email protected] © 2005 Geological Society of America 1 B25606 page 2 of 15 V.L. HANSEN and several types of geomorphic features (Phil- Fortuna Ishtar Terra lips and Hansen, 1994). The lowlands (~80% of 60° the surface at or below mean planetary radius, V3 V4 ~6052 km) are relatively smooth, with widely V11 V12 V13 Tellus distributed low-strain deformation and belts of 30° Bell V10 concentrated deformation (Banerdt et al., 1997). Beta W. Eistla V22 V23 V24 V25 Highlands (<10% of the surface, ~2–11 km E. Eistla above mean planetary radius) include: (1) vol- C. Eistla 0° Atla E. Ovda canic rises—huge (~1100–1800 km diameter) Phoebe W. Ovda Thetis domical rises dominated by volcanic features and Alpha analogous to terrestrial hot spot rises (Smrekar et 30° al., 1997); (2) crustal plateaus—huge (~1400– Dione Artemis Themis 2300 km diameter) quasi-circular plateaus V52 Imdr characterized by deformed crust and supported by thicker than average crust; and (3) Ishtar 60° Terra, a globally unique feature in the northern 300° 0° 60° 120° 180° hemisphere (Hansen et al., 1997, and references Figure 1. Distribution of Venusian features. Fine dots, volcanic rises; dark areas, large therein). About 500 coronae (~60–1000-km- ribbon terrain; light gray areas, crustal plateaus (modifi ed from Hansen et al., 1999). The diameter quasi-circular tectonomagmatic fea- map area (Fig. 2) includes V23 and V24; the V labels show the locations of other map quad- tures) and spatially associated chasmata (troughs) rangles discussed in the text. are concentrated in the mesoland, although coro- nae clusters associate with some volcanic rises, and isolated coronae occur in the lowlands (Sto- fan et al., 1992, 1997, 2001). About 970 essentially pristine impact craters 1997; Donahue, 1999; Hunten, 2002). In addi- Venus preserves a range of volcanic features, (2–270 km diameter) display a near spatially tion, a comparison of carbon, nitrogen, and water many dwarfi ng similar terrestrial features. Large random distribution (Phillips et al., 1992; Scha- abundances at the surface of Earth and Venus volcanic edifi ces range up to hundreds of kilo- ber at al., 1992; Herrick et al., 1997; Hauck et indicates that both planets likely had similar meters in diameter, and lava fl ows can extend al., 1998), refl ecting a global average model primitive atmospheres that reacted differently for hundreds of kilometers (Head et al., 1992; surface age of ca. 750 +350/–400 Ma (McKin- with their surfaces. For Venus, the rate of water Crumpler et al., 1997). Venus also preserves non et al., 1997). Interpretation of global average loss would affect deuterium/hydrogen ratios very small features (<1–15 km diameter) called model surface age is nonunique. Many plausible (Donahue and Russell, 1997). In addition, a shields, interpreted as volcanic in origin (Aubele surface histories are possible, including: (1) cata- combination of crustal hydration and hydrogen- and Slyuta, 1990; Guest et al., 1992; Head et al., strophic resurfacing at t = average model surface escape processes could explain the present-day 1992; Crumpler et al., 1997). Shields are divided age; (2) 50% of surface formed at 0.5t and 50% low amount and high deuterium/hydrogen ratio into two morphological terrains on the basis of at 1.5t; or (3) 20% of surface formed at 2t and of water in the Venusian atmosphere (Lecuyer regional extent: shield clusters and shield plains 80% at 0.75t). Average model surface age also et al., 2000).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Copyrighted Material
    Index Abulfeda crater chain (Moon), 97 Aphrodite Terra (Venus), 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 Acheron Fossae (Mars), 165 Apohele asteroids, 353–354 Achilles asteroids, 351 Apollinaris Patera (Mars), 168 achondrite meteorites, 360 Apollo asteroids, 346, 353, 354, 361, 371 Acidalia Planitia (Mars), 164 Apollo program, 86, 96, 97, 101, 102, 108–109, 110, 361 Adams, John Couch, 298 Apollo 8, 96 Adonis, 371 Apollo 11, 94, 110 Adrastea, 238, 241 Apollo 12, 96, 110 Aegaeon, 263 Apollo 14, 93, 110 Africa, 63, 73, 143 Apollo 15, 100, 103, 104, 110 Akatsuki spacecraft (see Venus Climate Orbiter) Apollo 16, 59, 96, 102, 103, 110 Akna Montes (Venus), 142 Apollo 17, 95, 99, 100, 102, 103, 110 Alabama, 62 Apollodorus crater (Mercury), 127 Alba Patera (Mars), 167 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), 110 Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz), 94 Apophis, 354, 355 Alexandria, 69 Appalachian mountains (Earth), 74, 270 Alfvén, Hannes, 35 Aqua, 56 Alfvén waves, 35–36, 43, 49 Arabia Terra (Mars), 177, 191, 200 Algeria, 358 arachnoids (see Venus) ALH 84001, 201, 204–205 Archimedes crater (Moon), 93, 106 Allan Hills, 109, 201 Arctic, 62, 67, 84, 186, 229 Allende meteorite, 359, 360 Arden Corona (Miranda), 291 Allen Telescope Array, 409 Arecibo Observatory, 114, 144, 341, 379, 380, 408, 409 Alpha Regio (Venus), 144, 148, 149 Ares Vallis (Mars), 179, 180, 199 Alphonsus crater (Moon), 99, 102 Argentina, 408 Alps (Moon), 93 Argyre Basin (Mars), 161, 162, 163, 166, 186 Amalthea, 236–237, 238, 239, 241 Ariadaeus Rille (Moon), 100, 102 Amazonis Planitia (Mars), 161 COPYRIGHTED
    [Show full text]
  • Exception, Objectivism and the Comics of Steve Ditko
    Law Text Culture Volume 16 Justice Framed: Law in Comics and Graphic Novels Article 10 2012 Spider-Man, the question and the meta-zone: exception, objectivism and the comics of Steve Ditko Jason Bainbridge Swinburne University of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/ltc Recommended Citation Bainbridge, Jason, Spider-Man, the question and the meta-zone: exception, objectivism and the comics of Steve Ditko, Law Text Culture, 16, 2012, 217-242. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/ltc/vol16/iss1/10 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Spider-Man, the question and the meta-zone: exception, objectivism and the comics of Steve Ditko Abstract The idea of the superhero as justice figure has been well rehearsed in the literature around the intersections between superheroes and the law. This relationship has also informed superhero comics themselves – going all the way back to Superman’s debut in Action Comics 1 (June 1938). As DC President Paul Levitz says of the development of the superhero: ‘There was an enormous desire to see social justice, a rectifying of corruption. Superman was a fulfillment of a pent-up passion for the heroic solution’ (quoted in Poniewozik 2002: 57). This journal article is available in Law Text Culture: https://ro.uow.edu.au/ltc/vol16/iss1/10 Spider-Man, The Question and the Meta-Zone: Exception, Objectivism and the Comics of Steve Ditko Jason Bainbridge Bainbridge Introduction1 The idea of the superhero as justice figure has been well rehearsed in the literature around the intersections between superheroes and the law.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Map of the Ganiki Planitia Quadrangle (V–14), Venus Eric B
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Pomona Faculty Publications and Research Pomona Faculty Scholarship 1-1-2011 Geologic Map of the Ganiki Planitia Quadrangle (V–14), Venus Eric B. Grosfils Pomona College Sylvan M. Long Elizabeth M. Venechuk Debra M. Hurwitz Joseph W. Richards See next page for additional authors Recommended Citation Grosfils, E.B., Long, S.M., Venechuk, E.M., Hurwitz, D.M., Richards, J.W., Kastl, Brian, Drury, D.E., and Hardin, Johanna, 2011, Geologic map of the Ganiki Planitia quadrangle (V-14), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific nI vestigations Map 3121. This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Pomona Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pomona Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Eric B. Grosfils, Sylvan M. Long, Elizabeth M. Venechuk, Debra M. Hurwitz, Joseph W. Richards, Brian Kastl, Dorothy E. Drury, and Johanna S. Hardin This report is available at Scholarship @ Claremont: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_fac_pub/303 Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Geologic Map of the Ganiki Planitia Quadrangle (V–14), Venus By Eric B. Grosfils, Sylvan M. Long, Elizabeth M. Venechuk, Debra M. Hurwitz, Joseph W. Richards, Brian Kastl, Dorothy E. Drury, and Johanna Hardin Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3121 75° 75° V–1 V–3 V–6 50° 50° V–4 V–5 V–11 V–16 V–12 V–15 V–13 V–14 25° 25° V–23 V–28 V–24 V–27 V–25 V–26 90° 120° 150° 180° 210° 240° 270° 0° 0° V–37 V–38 V–36 V–39 V–35 V–40 –25° –25° V–49 V–50 V–48 V–51 V–47 V–52 V–58 V–59 –50° –50° V–57 V–60 2011 V–62 –75° –75° U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • VENUS Corona M N R S a Ak O Ons D M L YN a G Okosha IB E .RITA N Axw E a I O
    N N 80° 80° 80° 80° L Dennitsa D. S Yu O Bachue N Szé K my U Corona EG V-1 lan L n- H V-1 Anahit UR IA ya D E U I OCHK LANIT o N dy ME Corona A P rsa O r TI Pomona VA D S R T or EG Corona E s enpet IO Feronia TH L a R s A u DE on U .TÜN M Corona .IV Fr S Earhart k L allo K e R a s 60° V-6 M A y R 60° 60° E e Th 60° N es ja V G Corona u Mon O E Otau nt R Allat -3 IO l m k i p .MARGIT M o E Dors -3 Vacuna Melia o e t a M .WANDA M T a V a D o V-6 OS Corona na I S H TA R VENUS Corona M n r s a Ak o ons D M L YN A g okosha IB E .RITA n axw e A I o U RE t M l RA R T Fakahotu r Mons e l D GI SSE I s V S L D a O s E A M T E K A N Corona o SHM CLEOPATRA TUN U WENUS N I V R P o i N L I FO A A ght r P n A MOIRA e LA L in s C g M N N t K a a TESSERA s U . P or le P Hemera Dorsa IT t M 11 km e am A VÉNUSZ w VENERA w VENUE on Iris DorsaBARSOVA E I a E a A s RM A a a OLO A R KOIDULA n V-7 s ri V VA SSE e -4 d E t V-2 Hiei Chu R Demeter Beiwe n Skadi Mons e D V-5 S T R o a o r LI s I o R M r Patera A I u u s s V Corona p Dan o a s Corona F e A o A s e N A i P T s t G yr A A i U alk 1 : 45 000 000 K L r V E A L D DEKEN t Baba-Jaga D T N T A a PIONEER or E Aspasia A o M e s S a (1 MM= 45 KM) S r U R a ER s o CLOTHO a A N u s Corona a n 40° p Neago VENUS s s 40° s 40° o TESSERA r 40° e I F et s o COCHRAN ZVEREVA Fluctus NORTH 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 KM A Izumi T Sekhm n I D .
    [Show full text]
  • Comic Books Vs. Greek Mythology: the Ultimate Crossover for the Classical Scholar Andrew S
    University of Texas at Tyler Scholar Works at UT Tyler English Department Theses Literature and Languages Spring 4-30-2012 Comic Books vs. Greek Mythology: the Ultimate Crossover for the Classical Scholar Andrew S. Latham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/english_grad Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Latham, Andrew S., "Comic Books vs. Greek Mythology: the Ultimate Crossover for the Classical Scholar" (2012). English Department Theses. Paper 1. http://hdl.handle.net/10950/73 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Literature and Languages at Scholar Works at UT Tyler. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Department Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Works at UT Tyler. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMIC BOOKS VS. GREEK MYTHOLOGY: THE ULTIMATE CROSSOVER FOR THE CLASSICAL SCHOLAR by ANDREW S. LATHAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English Department of Literature and Languages Paul Streufert, Ph.D., Committee Chair College of Arts and Sciences The University of Texas at Tyler May 2012 Acknowledgements There are entirely too many people I have to thank for the successful completion of this thesis, and I cannot stress enough how thankful I am that these people are in my life. In no particular order, I would like to dedicate this thesis to the following people… This thesis is dedicated to my mother and father, Mark and Seba, who always believe in me, despite all evidence to the contrary.
    [Show full text]
  • Arts & Humanities NTI Days 1-10
    Harlan County High School Non Traditional Instruction Packet 2019-2020 Course: Art and Humanities Teacher: Clifton Caldwell [email protected] Cell: (606)524-3336 Instructions: For each NTI day students will read an article related to content we have covered in class. At the conclusion of the article they will complete the corresponding comprehension questions. You can complete the questions on your own paper, limiting the need for you to print anything from home. Write the questions and answers. All articles and questions are located after this information sheet, but you only need to complete the questions for one article per day. In addition to completing the assignment, you’re expected to contact me each NTI day to let me know that you’re working on your assignment or let me know if you need any help. You are welcome to email, text, or call me. Scoring: Each assignment will be worth a total of 30 points (the normal value of a daily work assignment in my course). Therefore the total of all 10 assignments will be 300 points (The equivalent of 3 Unit Exams). Students without internet access: I will provide a folder with these instructions and all assignments for any students that should need it. If you do not have internet access or if something goes wrong with your internet during the NTI days: It is your responsibility to ask me for a folder. Assignments : Article Title and Page # within this document. Day 1: “Photography as Witness” Pgs. 3-6 Day 2: Horse and Man Armor” Pgs.
    [Show full text]
  • O Lunar and Planetary Institute Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System 70 STRATIGRAPHY of VENUS: BASILEVSKY, A
    LPS XXVII R-EGIONAL AND GLOBAL STRATIGRAPHY OF VENUS: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF VENUS; A. T. ~asilevsk~l~2and J. W. ~ead2,l~ernadsk~ Inst., Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117975, Russia, [email protected]; 2~ept.Geol. Sci., Brown Univ., Providence, RI 02912 USA. INTRODUCTION. Analysis of the Magellan imagery in numerous representative sample areas of Venus led to establishing the stratigraphic sequence of geologic formations of the planet starting with heavily deformed tessera-forming materials, followed by the suite of plains-forming volcanics, moderately deformed by widespread deformation, which, in turn, are locally overlapped by younger volcanics mostly associated with rifts. This sequence and the resulting scenario of the geologic history of Venus, put constraints on the character and rate of processes in the planet interior. The global high-resolution Magellan coverage of Venus [l] provided a basis for establishing the characteristics of the major geologic units and structures of this planet, for assessing their stratigraphic relations, and for interpreting the geologic history of the planet. Such an endeavor will require many years of intensive mapping and analysis of the data before a detailed picture emerges. Here we report on an initial analysis of widely distributed areas on the planet and a preliminary assessment of regional stratigraphic units into the model of global stratigraphy of Venus. Further detailed studies, especially made through the NASA-sponsored Venus Geologic Mapping Program, are necessary to test the suggested stratigraphy model. VENUS STRATIGRAPHY MODEL. Using the Magellan C1- and F-MIDRP mosaics both in hard copy and in digital format (and related altimetry and physical property data) we first studied stratigraphic relations in thirty-six 1,000 x 1,000 km areas randomly spaced on Venus [2,3].
    [Show full text]
  • Book Title Author Reading Level Approx. Grade Level
    Approx. Reading Book Title Author Grade Level Level Anno's Counting Book Anno, Mitsumasa A 0.25 Count and See Hoban, Tana A 0.25 Dig, Dig Wood, Leslie A 0.25 Do You Want To Be My Friend? Carle, Eric A 0.25 Flowers Hoenecke, Karen A 0.25 Growing Colors McMillan, Bruce A 0.25 In My Garden McLean, Moria A 0.25 Look What I Can Do Aruego, Jose A 0.25 What Do Insects Do? Canizares, S.& Chanko,P A 0.25 What Has Wheels? Hoenecke, Karen A 0.25 Cat on the Mat Wildsmith, Brain B 0.5 Getting There Young B 0.5 Hats Around the World Charlesworth, Liza B 0.5 Have you Seen My Cat? Carle, Eric B 0.5 Have you seen my Duckling? Tafuri, Nancy/Greenwillow B 0.5 Here's Skipper Salem, Llynn & Stewart,J B 0.5 How Many Fish? Cohen, Caron Lee B 0.5 I Can Write, Can You? Stewart, J & Salem,L B 0.5 Look, Look, Look Hoban, Tana B 0.5 Mommy, Where are You? Ziefert & Boon B 0.5 Runaway Monkey Stewart, J & Salem,L B 0.5 So Can I Facklam, Margery B 0.5 Sunburn Prokopchak, Ann B 0.5 Two Points Kennedy,J. & Eaton,A B 0.5 Who Lives in a Tree? Canizares, Susan et al B 0.5 Who Lives in the Arctic? Canizares, Susan et al B 0.5 Apple Bird Wildsmith, Brain C 1 Apples Williams, Deborah C 1 Bears Kalman, Bobbie C 1 Big Long Animal Song Artwell, Mike C 1 Brown Bear, Brown Bear What Do You See? Martin, Bill C 1 Found online, 7/20/2012, http://home.comcast.net/~ngiansante/ Approx.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Mental Spaces
    Mental spaces and conceptual blending http://mentalspace.net http://blending.stanford.edu Hidden behind simple words and everyday language are vast conceptual networks manipulated unconsciously through the activation of powerful neural circuits. Importantly, thought and language are embodied. Conceptual structure arises from our sensorimotor experience and the neural structures that give rise to it. Which is harder for us to do? Program a computer to play chess at the grand master level or Program a computer to have language as good as a three year old • Language is hard • Language is more than the words • language is only the tip of the iceberg of meaning construction • meaning construction operates in many areas of human activity: art, mathematics, religion, technology, poetry, … • conceptual mappings are the same for all these superficially different areas of human thought and action • therefore linguistics sheds light on general human thinking, and conversely, the study of meaning construction in other areas sheds light on linguistics Mental Spaces Mappings • Correspondences between elements and relationships in different mental spaces – Clark Kent & Superman – Sean Connery & James Bond – Baby Georgie & President G.W. Bush – Goddess of love & Aphrodite & Venus & Lise & Isabella • Based on various sorts of relationships – Identity – Analogy – Representation – Cause-Effect a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite a a' Natoire's Gods of painting Olympus a" name Venus a" Botticelli's painting a Goddess of love a' name Aphrodite a a' Natoire's
    [Show full text]
  • 39155 369E8e52840f888dd93c
    Age of Ultron (AU) (crossover Amazing Spider-Man Annual, The. Anole 698 series) 698 See Spider-Man, Amazing Spider- Ant-Man (1st) 225, 226, 229, 231, Index Agent X 679 Man Annual, The 235, 236–37, 240–41, 300, 305, Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. (TV Amazing Spider-Man Special, The. 317, 325, 485, 501–03, 628, 681. Italic numerals refer to pages of the series) 699. See also Captain See Spider-Man, Amazing Spider- See also Giant-Man; Goliath (1st); TASCHEN book 75 Years of Marvel America, Captain America: Man Special, The Henry (Hank) Pym; Wasp, The which include images. The Winter Soldier (movie); Amazing Spider-Man, The (book). See (1st); Yellowjacket (1st) S. H. I. E. L. D. Spider-Man, Amazing Spider- Ant-Man (2nd) 581, 591, 628, 653. A Aggamon 281 Man, The (book) See also Scott Lang “Amazing Case of the Human Torch, Aja, David 685, 697 “Amazing Spider-Man, The” (comic Ant-Man (3rd) 691 The” (short story) 55 Alascia, Vince 29, 63, 68, 100 strip). See Spider-Man, “Amazing Antonioni, Michelangelo 468 A.I.M. (Advanced Idea Alcala, Alfredo 574 Spider-Man, The” (comic strip) Apache Kid 120. See also Western Mechanics) 381 Alderman, Jack 73 Amazing Spider-Man, The (movie). Gunfighters (vols. 1–2) Aaron Stack 596. See also Machine Aldrin, Edwin (“Buzz”) 453 See Spider-Man, Amazing Spider- Apache Kid, The 106 Man Alex Summers 475. See also Havok Man, The (movie) Apocalypse 654 Aaron, Jason 691, 694 Alf 649 Amazing Spider-Man, The (TV Apollo 11 453 ABC (American Broadcasting Alias (live TV version) 699 series) (1977–79).
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander T. Basilevsky
    1 CURRICULUM VITAE Alexander T. Bazilevskiy (in publications use spelling Basilevsky) Born: 4 October, 1937 in Voronezh, Russia Education and Scientific Degrees: 1959, Master of Science in Geology, Voronezh State University, Voronezh. 1968, Doctor of Philosophy in Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. 1986, Doctor of Sciences in Geochemistry and Planetary Science, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. 2007, Professor in Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Professional Career 1954-1959, Student of Geological Department of Voronezh State University, Voronezh; 1959-1963, Junior Geologist, Geologist, Senior Geologist of the Geologic Mapping Expedition, Geologic Office of Central Regions, USSR Ministry of Geology and Protection of Earth Interiors, Moscow; 1:200,000 Geologic mapping in Moscow, Tambov, Vladimir and Voronezh provinces; 1963-1966, PhD Student of Geological Department of Moscow State University, Moscow; Experimental petrology of mafic and ultramafic rocks; 1966-1968, Senior Geologist of the Geologic Mapping Expedition, Geologic Office of Central Regions, USSR Ministry of Geology and Protection of Earth Interiors, Moscow; Geochemical Prospecting for Ore Deposits in Belgorod, Kursk, Lipetsk and Voronezh provinces of Central Russia; 1968-1975, Junior Scientist, Senior Scientist of Institute for Space Research, USSR Academy of Sciences,
    [Show full text]
  • 2News Summer 05 Catalog
    The JACK KIRBY COLLECTOR #63 All characters TM & © Marvel Characters, Inc. $10.95 SUMMER 2014 THE ISSUE #63, SUMMER 2014 C o l l e c t o r Contents The Marvel Universe! OPENING SHOT . .2 (let’s put the Stan/Jack issue to rest in #66, shall we?) A UNIVERSE A’BORNING . .3 (the late Mark Alexander gives us an aerial view of Kirby’s Marvel Universe) GALLERY . .37 (mega Marvel Universe pencils) JACK KIRBY MUSEUM PAGE . .48 (visit & join www.kirbymuseum.org) JACK F.A.Q.s . .49 (in lieu of Mark Evanier’s regular column, here’s his 2008 Big Apple Kirby Panel, with Roy Thomas, Joe Sinnott, and Stan Goldberg) KIRBY OBSCURA . .64 (the horror! the horror! of S&K) KIRBY KINETICS . .67 (Norris Burroughs on Thing Kong) IF WHAT? . .70 (Shane Foley ponders how Jack’s bad guys could’ve been badder) RETROSPECTIVE . .74 (a look at key moments in Kirby’s later life and career) INCIDENTAL ICONOGRAPHY . .82 (we go “under the sea” with Triton) CUT ’N’ PASTE . .84 (the lost FF #110 collage) KIRBY AS A GENRE . .86 (the return of the return of Captain Victory) UNEARTHED . .89 (the last survivor of Kirby’s Marvel Universe?) COLLECTOR COMMENTS . .91 PARTING SHOT . .96 Cover inks: MIKE ROYER Cover color: TOM ZIUKO If you’re viewing a Digital Edition of this publication, PLEASE READ THIS: This is copyrighted material, NOT intended Spider-Man is the one major Marvel character we don’t cover this issue, but here’s a great sketch of Spidey that Jack drew for for downloading anywhere except our website or Apps.
    [Show full text]