DOCSLIB.ORG

An Ethological Investigation of Feather Pecking

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Ethological Investigation of Feather Pecking AN ETHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF FEATHER PECKING GEORGINA CUTHBERTSON, B.A.. Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Edinburgh March 1978. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I should like to express my gratitude to Dr. T. C. Carter of. the A. R. C. Poultry Research Centre for the provision of laboratory facilities and the Agricultural Research Council for financial support. My sincere thanks are due to my supervisors, Dr. Aubrey Manning and Dr. David Wood-Gush for their help and encouragement throughout this study. I should also like to thank my colleagues at the Poultry Research Centre, especially Dr. Ian Duncan, for their help and stimulating discussions, Mrs. Gretta Brown for her untiring technical assistance and Mrs. J. Rhodes. who typed this thesi. Finally, I should like to thank my husband and small son for their constant support and interest in my 'Chicken Book". DECLARATION I declare that this thesis has been composed by me and that the work described here is my own. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page List of Figures iv List of Tables vi Abstract xii CHAPTER 1. General Introduction and 1 Literature Review. 3 CHAPTER 2. Materials and Methods Used in This Thesis. 25 CHAPTER 3. Do All Birds Feather Peck? A pilot study of the phenomenon. 33 Experiment 1. To determine whether 35 2. all birds are equally 43 tt 3. involved in feather pecking. 49 Experiment 4. To determine whether 53 fl 5. pecked birds and peckers 58 ff 6. can be reared as separate 62 types. • General Discussion 67 CHAPTER 4. The Relevance of Stimuli in the Feather Pecking Situation • Experiments 7 and 8. The effect of texture,. 70 • colour and contrast on pecking behaviour. Experiment 9. The effect of response of • 76 10. the stimulus on pecking 84 behaviour. General Discussion 91 CHAPTER 5. Behaviour Following Feather Pecking Incidents. • 94 11 Table of Contents continued. Page. Experiment 11. Various investigations 95 if 12. of behaviour 99 if 13. following pecking 101 I? 14. incidents. 104 General Discus sion. 106 CHAPTER 6. The Effect of the Environment on Feather Pecking. 112 Experiment 15a The effect of cage floor 113 15b composition on feather 118 pecking. 16 The effect of specific. stimuli 120 in the cage environment on feather pecking. 17 An attempt to distinguish 126 ti essen tialU from "non-essential" pecking behaviour. General Discussion 132 CHAPTER 7. The Effect of Exogenous Hormones on Feather Pecking. Introduction 135 Experiment 18 The effect of exogenous 138 gonadal hormones on feather pecking. 19-21 Effect of exogenous 145 22 testosterone on feather 155 pecking. 23 Effect of exogenous oestrogen 159 24 on feather pecking. 166 General Discussion 173 Table of Contents continued 111 Page. CHAPTER 8. The Relationship Between Feather Pecking and the Social Dominance Hierarchy. Introduction 179 Experimental Methods and Results. 182 General Discussion 187 CHAPTER 9. The Influence of Genetic Variation on Feather Pecking. Experimental Methods and Results. 190 Discussion 194 CHAPTER 10. Final Discussion 198 BIBLIOGRAPHY 205 iv LIST OF FIGURES On or Number Title facing page 1.1 Feather pecking and cannibalism in three week old chicks. Feather and tissue damage at the base 2 of the tail. 1.2. Similar damage as in Figure 1. 1. accompanied by 2 feather pecking of the back. 1.3. Feather pecking affecting back, wing and neck. 2 1.4. Feather pecking and cannibalism affecting back 2 and wings. 1.5. Considerable tissue damage and areas denuded by 2 feather pecking. Feather pecking in adult hens. 1.6. Bird with barb pecked tail and wing feathers. 2 1.7. Similar but more severe feather damage. 2 8. Two birds from the same cage showing extreme 2 effects of feather pecking. 1.9. The only damage to the bird was a severe wound 2 on the head. V V 1.10. Damage was again restricted to one region, the 2 base of the tail. 26 2.1. Rearing cage. V 2.2. Some of the stimuli used in this study. 31 3. Model bird with a four week old light hybrid chick. 31 V Experiment 1. Pecking score for the two groups. 36 3.2. Experiment 3. Feather damage scores for the 50 three groupings over a 25 week period. 3.3. Experiment 4. Mean amount of feather damage 54 suffered by peckers and pecked, weeks 1-21. List of Figures continued. 3.4. Experiment 5. Mean feather damage score for 59 the two types of bird. 3. 5. Experiment 5. Pecking behaviour recorded during 60 general observations. 3. 6. Experiment 5. Mean weight of the birds in the 60 two types of group. 3-.7. Experiment 5. Mean comb area. 60 3.8 Experiment 5. Mean number of pecks directed 61 at the stimuli. 9. Experiment 6. Mean feather damage score. 63 4.1. Experiment 7. Number of pecks directed at the 73 seven stimuli by birds of both strains in both environments. 2. Experiment 8. As Figure 4. 1. 73 4. 3. V Experiment 9. Diagram of a bird showing the ten 77 separate areas used for recording pecks directed at the stimuli. 4.4. Stimuli used in Experiments 9 and 10. 77 5.1. Experiment 13. Cardboard and string stimulus. 101 6.1. Experiment 16. The effect of stimuli placed in the 123 cage at an early or later stage on the incidence of feather damage. V 7.1. Experiment 18. Amount of feather damage suffered 140 by the three treatments, weeks 2-6. V 7.2. Experiment 18. Amount of feather damage suffered 141 by the three treatments, weeks 10-25. vi LIST OF TABLES On or Number Title facing page 2.1. Scoring of feather damage. 32 3.1. Experiment 1. Mean number of pecks directed 37 by the feather pecking and non-feather pecking groups at the four bird stimuli. 3.2. Experiment 1. Correlation of allopecking and 38 environment pecking with the response to the modified birds and the novel objects. Days 7-10. 3. 3 Experiment 1. As Table 3. 2, Days 7-24. 3.4. Experiment 1. Number of squares entered and the 40 latency to move in the open field situation correlated with allopecking and environment pecking, days 7-10. 3.5. Experiment 1. As Table 3. 4, days 7-24. 40 3.6. Experiment 2. Pecking behaviour recorded 44 during general observations 3.7. Experiment 2. Response to the bird stimuli. 45 3.8. Experiment 2. Total number of pecks made at 46 the blood stimulus by the two groups. 3. 9. Experiment 2. Score of feather damage at 18 and 47 29 days. 3.10. Experiment 3. Feather damage scores for the 51 three types of group. 3.11. Experiment 4. Mean response to the stimuli, 55 male and female groups combined. 3.12. Experiment 4. Mean response to the stimuli 56 showing different behaviour by male and female groups. 3.13. Experiment 6. Comparison of feather damage over 64 three time periods. 3.14. Experiment 6. Egg production for the first 64 laying week. (week 20). List of tables continued vii 4.1. Experiment 7. Number of pecks made at 73 the stimuli. 4.2. Experiment 8. Number of pecks made at 73 the stimuli. 4.3. , Experiment 7. Number of pecks directed at the 73 models by birds of the two strains and environments. 4.4. Experiment 8. Number of pecks directed at the 73 models by birds of the two strains and environments. 4.5. Experiment 7. Total number of pecks and the 74 number of allopecks observed during six general observation periods. 4. 6. Experiment 8. Total number of pecks and the 75 number of allopecks observed during six general observation periods. 4.7. Experiment 9. Total number of pecks directed 78 at the stimuli over the four tests. 4.8. Experiment 9. A comparison of the response to 78 the six different stimuli, all groups combined. 4.9. Experiment 9. The areas of the bird models 79 ranked according to the number of pecks received. 4.10. Experiment 9. A comparison of the total amount 79 of pecking directed at the models by the six groups. 4.11. Experiment 10. Number of pecks by each group 85 directed at the stimuli. 4.12. Experiment 10. A comparison of the response to 86 the six different stimuli, all groups combined. 4.13. Experiment 10. The areas of the bird models 87 ranked according to the number of pecks received. 4.14. Mean rank of the amount of pecking aimed at 87 different areas of the models in Experiments 9 and 10. 4.15. Experiment 10. Amount of pecking directed at the 87 block stimuli. List of tables continued viii 4.16. Experiment 10. A comparison of the total amount 88 of pecking directed at the models by the four groups. 5.1. Experiment 11. The frequency of giving (A) and 97 receiving (R) pecks for individual chicks housed in groups. 5.2. Experiment 11. Agent and recipient activities 97 following pecking incidents. 5. 3. Experirre nt 11. Agent and recipient activities 97 following pecking incidents in the young and old birds separately. 5. 4. Experiment 11. The amount of agent and recipient 98 activity in the predominant agent in each group. 5. 5. Experiment 12. The frequenôy of giving (A) and 100 receiving (R) pecks for individual chicks housed in groups. 5. 6. Experiment 12. Agent and recipient activities 100 following pecking incidents. 5.7. Experiment 13. The frequency of giving (A) and 102 receiving (R) pecks for individual chicks housed in groups. 5.8. Experiment 13. Agent and recipient activities 102 following pecking incidents.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kansas 4-H Poultry Leader Notebook Level I Introduction for Leaders
    Kansas 4-H Poultry Leader Notebook Level I Introduction for Leaders ........................................................i Parts of a Chicken......................................................................................................3 Name That Bird.......................................................................................................11 Beginning to Set Goals in Your Poultry Project......................................................19 Common Poultry Terms for Different Species........................................................23 Poultry Breeds.........................................................................................................27 Breeds of Poultry for Project and Show..................................................................33 What Bird Will I Raise?..........................................................................................41 Nutritional Needs and Problems in Poultry.............................................................45 Is Your Bird Sick?...................................................................................................51 Catching and Handling Poultry...............................................................................55 Washing That Bird...................................................................................................59 Why Do We Raise Poultry?.....................................................................................63 K-State Research & Extension ■ Manhattan Leader Notes Parts of a Chicken Poultry,
    [Show full text]
  • Animal / Poultry Slaughtering
    Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline (Ref.: HT HPTS.G: 2018) Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline (2019) "Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline" st 1 Edition Published by: The MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT) Copyright © MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT), January 2020 / Jamād-ul-Thani 1441 Printed in Cape Town, SA by: ISBN: Cover Design: Shaykh Zaid Dante Typesetting & Layout: Dr Y. Toefy An Accolade The International Trade Centre (ITC), which is based in Geneva, Switzerland, is the joint Agency of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and United Nations (UN), has listed the MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT) as the first and oldest Ḥalāl Regulatory Body in the world. In their 2015 “Ḥalāl Goes Global” publication, under the heading, “The Evolution of Ḥalāl Regulations”, the ITC states (p.32) :- 1945 - The Muslim Judicial Council Halaal Trust was formed in Cape Town, to ensure that Islamic dietary laws are adhered to for the Muslims in South Africa. We extend our gratitude, appreciation and respect to our honourable forefathers for their dedication and commitment towards ensuring that food consumed in South Africa is ḥalāl. Compiled & Written by: Achmat bin Yusuf Sedick-Carr (MJCHT Director) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Page 2 of 73 (3rd Revision: February 2019) [Copyright: MJCHT – Copying & Network Storage Prohibited] Ḥalāl Poultry
    [Show full text]
  • List of Scientific Literature on the Importance of Feather Pecking
    Literature Featherpecking - Importance Bestman, M., et al. (2009). "Influence of farm factors on the occurrence of feather pecking in organic reared hens and their predictability for feather pecking in the laying period." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 121(2): 120-125. Feather pecking is one of the most obvious welfare problems in laying hens. It is seen in all types of housing systems. Although banned in some countries, beak trimming is generally used to reduce the damage caused by this behaviour. In organic farming, where beak trimming is prohibited, the animals are being kept in a less intensive way than in conventional farming in order to improve their welfare. However, feather pecking is also seen in organic laying hens. Generally, rearing circumstances play an important role in the development of this behaviour. Therefore, rearing flocks were monitored for feather pecking and the relations between rearing factors and feather pecking at a young and at an adult age were analysed. Also the correlation between feather pecking during the rearing period and feather pecking during adult life was studied. Twenty-eight commercial flocks of rearing hens were monitored. These flocks split into 51 flocks of laying hens. Flocks were scored for signs of feather damage during rearing at the ages of 7, 12, and 16 weeks and on the laying farms at 30 weeks. On the rearing as well as the laying farm, data were collected on the housing system. Logistic regression was used to analyse our data. Feather damage was seen in 13 out of 24 (54%) of rearing flocks. Logistic regression showed that a higher number of pullets being kept per square meter in the first 4 weeks of life were associated with feather damage during the rearing period (Chi square = 8.49, df = 1, p = 0.004).
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance for Assessing Animal Welfare on Organic Sheep Operations
    National Organic Standards Board Livestock Committee Proposed Discussion Document March 28, 2012 Guidance for Assessing Animal Welfare on Organic Poultry Operations The following is provided to aid in assessment of whether or not the requirements of § 205.238-241 are being met sufficiently to demonstrate adequate animal welfare conditions on organic poultry operations. In addition, this document provides further guidance to producers for improving poultry welfare. The internationally recognized “five freedoms” (freedom from hunger, thirst and malnutrition; freedom from fear and distress; freedom from physical and thermal discomfort; freedom from pain, injury and disease; and freedom to express normal patterns of behavior) promulgated by the Farm Animal Welfare Council are a useful framework for considering animal welfare. Nutritional requirements Poultry must be fed a wholesome diet that meets their nutritional needs and promotes optimal health. Feed should be formulated to meet or exceed the National Research Council’s Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, and adjusted with bird age and stage of production. Feed and water should be palatable and free from contaminants. Unless using a commercially prepared complete feed, laying hens must have access to a course calcium source, such as ground limestone. Water should be fresh, potable, and clean. Feed and water delivery systems should be checked daily and kept clean and in good working order. Birds must be provided with feed on a daily basis and water should be available continuously, with the rare exception of withholding for medical treatment under the advice of a veterinarian. There should be enough feed and water space to prevent competition between birds.
    [Show full text]
  • ISAE 2014.Pdf
    edited by: Inma Estevez, Xavier Manteca, Raul H. Marin and Xavier Averós Applied ethology 2014: Moving on ISAE2014 Proceedings of the 48th Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology 29 July – 2 August 2014, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Moving on edited by: Inma Estevez Xavier Manteca Raul H. Marin Xavier Averós Wageningen Academic Publishers Buy a print copy of this book at: www.WageningenAcademic.com/ISAE2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher: Wageningen Academic Publishers P.O. Box 220 EAN: 9789086862450 6700 AE Wageningen e-EAN: 9789086867974 The Netherlands ISBN: 978-90-8686-245-0 www.WageningenAcademic.com e-ISBN: 978-90-8686-797-4 [email protected] DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-797-4 The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain First published, 2014 the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible © Wageningen Academic Publishers damages, which could be a result of content The Netherlands, 2014 derived from this publication. Welcome to the 48th Congress of the ISAE What makes science most exciting is not how much you know, but how much you can still learn, widening the possibilities of exploring new horizons. In this learning process diversity of experiences, exposure to new ideas, concepts or methodologies enrich and expand our capacity for innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Chicken's Digestive System
    Poultry Leader Guide EM082E Level 2 4-H Poultry Leader Notebook Level II Identifying Poultry Feed Ingredients ........................................................3 How to Read Feed Tags ............................................................................7 Boney Birds ............................................................................................ 11 Chicken’s Digestive System ...................................................................17 Poultry Disease Prevention .....................................................................25 Poultry Parasites and Diseases ...............................................................27 Cracking Up—What’s in an Egg? ..........................................................31 Making and Using an Egg Candler ........................................................35 Constructing a Small Incubator ..............................................................39 Determining the Sex of Poultry ..............................................................45 Maternal Bonding and Imprinting (Follow the Leader) .........................49 Preventing Cannibalism ..........................................................................51 The Peck Order .......................................................................................55 Economics of Broiler Production ............................................................59 Poultry Furniture .....................................................................................65 Types of Poultry Housing .......................................................................69
    [Show full text]
  • Health and Welfare in Dutch Organic Laying Hens
    Animals 2014, 4, 374-390; doi:10.3390/ani4020374 OPEN ACCESS animals ISSN 2076-2615 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Article Health and Welfare in Dutch Organic Laying Hens Monique Bestman* and Jan-Paul Wagenaar Louis Bolk Institute, Hoofdstraat 24, 3972 LA, Driebergen, The Netherlands; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-343-523-860; Fax: +31-343-515-611. Received: 9 April 2014; in revised form: 3 June 2014 / Accepted: 4 June 2014 / Published: 20 June 2014 Simple Summary: Data on animal health and welfare and farm management during rearing and laying periods were collected from 49 flocks of organic laying hens in the Netherlands to establish how farms performed in terms of animal health and welfare and which factors affected health and welfare. Abstract: From 2007–2008, data on animal health and welfare and farm management during rearing and laying periods were collected from 49 flocks of organic laying hens in the Netherlands. Our aim was to investigate how organic egg farms performed in terms of animal health and welfare and which farm factors affected this performance. The flocks in our study were kept on farms with 34 to 25,000 hens (average 9,300 hens). Seventy-one percent of the flocks consisted of ‘silver hybrids’: white hens that lay brown eggs. Fifty-five percent of the flocks were kept in floor-based housing and 45% of the flocks in aviaries. No relation was found between the amount of time spent outdoors during the laying period and mortality at 60 weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Cannibalism in Extensive Poultry Keeping: Interfacing Genetics and Welfare
    CANNIBALISM IN EXTENSIVE POULTRY KEEPING: INTERFACING GENETICS AND WELFARE PaulKoene Department of Animal Sciences, Ethology Group, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, P.O. box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands, [email protected], http://www.zod.wau.nl/~www-vh/etho SUMMARY Cannibalism frequently occurs in free-range poultry keeping. An inventory in the Netherlands showed the severity of the problem. Also in our neighbouring countries the problem of cannibalism is found. A short literature review showed that a wealth of factors - environmental, ontogenetical and genetical - may play a role in the development of cannibalism. The most promising way to reach a solution seems to be to adapt the animal to its - free-range - environment. Heritability estimates of feather pecking and cannibalism are reasonably high. Especially the molecular genetical analysis together with ethological analysis can show the genetic background (markers or even genes) that is responsible for the cannibalism. Selection against this vice must be feasible. Keywords: cannibalism, genetics, selection, welfare, Gallus domesticus INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to determine the best way to diminish cannibalism in extensive poultry keeping (free-range hens) by adapting the bird to the free-range environment (Faure, 1980), where adapting the environment to the bird seems to have failed concerning animal welfare. Different breeding and selection strategies will be presented dependent on welfare criteria, rather than on production criteria. Extensive poultry keeping. The goal of free-range laying hen keeping is to provide the consumer with an animal-friendly egg from hens kept under animal-friendly conditions. During the last 40 years breeding programs were directed at intensive husbandry systems and changed markedly the genotypes of the animals involved.
    [Show full text]
  • Beak Trimming Methods -Review
    1619 Beak Trimming Methods -Review - P. C. Glatz* Pig and Poultry Production Institute, South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia ABSTRACT : A review was undertaken to obtain information on the range of beak-trimming methods available or under development. Beak-trimming of commercial layer replacement pullets is a common yet critical management tool that can affect the performance for the life of the flock. The most obvious advantage of beak-trimming is a reduction in cannibalism although the extent of the reduction in cannibalism depends on the strain, season, and type of housing, flock health and other factors. Beak-trimming also improves feed conversion by reducing food wastage. A further advantage of beak-trimming is a reduction in the chronic stress associated with dominance interactions in the flock. Beak-trimming of birds at 7-10 days is favoured by Industry but research over last 10 years has shown that beak-trimming at day-old causes the least stress on birds and efforts are needed to encourage Industry to adopt the practice of beak-trimming birds at day-old. Proper beak-trimming can result in greatly improved layer performance but improper beak-trimming can ruin an other wise good flock of hens. Re-trimming is practiced in most flocks, although there are some flocks that only need one trimming. Given the continuing welfare scrutiny of using a hot blade to cut the beak, attempts have been made to develop more welfare friendly methods of beak-trimming. Despite the developments in design of hot blade beak-trimmers the process has remained largely unchanged.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Species: Choreographing Human And
    BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES JONATHAN OSBORN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN DANCE STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO MAY, 2019 ã Jonathan Osborn, 2019 Abstract BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES is a dissertation project informed by practice-led and practice-based modes of engagement, which approaches the space of the zoo as a multispecies, choreographic, affective assemblage. Drawing from critical scholarship in dance literature, zoo studies, human-animal studies, posthuman philosophy, and experiential/somatic field studies, this work utilizes choreographic engagement, with the topography and inhabitants of the Toronto Zoo and the Berlin Zoologischer Garten, to investigate the potential for kinaesthetic exchanges between human and nonhuman subjects. In tracing these exchanges, BETWEEN SPECIES documents the creation of the zoomorphic choreographic works ARK and ARCHE and creatively mediates on: more-than-human choreography; the curatorial paradigms, embodied practices, and forms of zoological gardens; the staging of human and nonhuman bodies and bodies of knowledge; the resonances and dissonances between ethological research and dance ethnography; and, the anthropocentric constitution of the field of dance studies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the glowing memory of my nana, Patricia Maltby, who, through her relentless love and fervent belief in my potential, elegantly willed me into another phase of life, while she passed, with dignity and calm, into another realm of existence. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my phenomenal supervisor Dr. Barbara Sellers-Young and my amazing committee members Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Laying Hens in a Cognitive Bias Task; the Effect of Time Since Change of Environment
    Performance of laying hens in a cognitive bias task; the effect of time since change of environment Kognitiv förskjutning hos värphönor; effekten av förfluten tid sedan miljöbyte Lena Lindström Etologi och djurskyddsprogrammet ______________________________________________________________________________ Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Skara 2010 Studentarbete 189 Institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa Etologi och djurskyddsprogrammet Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Student report 189 Department of Animal Environment and Health Ethology and Animal Welfare programme ISSN 1652-280X Performance of laying hens in a cognitive bias task; the effect of time since change of environment Kognitiv förskjutning hos värphönor; effekten av förfluten tid sedan miljöbyte Lena Lindström Studentarbete 189, Skara 2010 Grund C, 15 hp, Etologi och djurskyddsprogrammet, självständigt arbete i biologi, kurskod EX0293 Handledare: Jenny Loberg, institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa, SLU Biträdande handledare: Anette Wichman, Köpenhamns universitet Examinator: Maria Andersson, institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa, SLU Nyckelord: cognitive bias; laying hen; gallus gallus; animal behaviour; animal welfare Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Fakulteten för veterinärmedicin och husdjursvetenskap Institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa Avdelningen för etologi och djurskydd Box 234, 532 23 SKARA E-post: [email protected], Hemsida: www.hmh.slu.se I denna serie publiceras olika typer av studentarbeten, bl.a. examensarbeten, vanligtvis omfattande
    [Show full text]
  • Alternation Article Template
    ALTERNATION Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa Vol 16, No 2, 2009 ISSN 1023-1757 * Alternation is an international journal which publishes interdisciplinary contri- butions in the fields of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa. * Prior to publication, each publication in Alternation is refereed by at least two independent peer referees. * Alternation is indexed in The Index to South African Periodicals (ISAP) and reviewed in The African Book Publishing Record (ABPR). * Alternation is published every semester. * Alternation was accredited in 1996. EDITOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR Johannes A Smit (UKZN) Judith Lütge Coullie (UKZN) Editorial Assistant: Beverly Vencatsamy EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Catherine Addison (UZ); Mandy Goedhals (UKZN); Rembrandt Klopper (UKZN); Stephen Leech (UKZN); Jabulani Mkhize (UFort Hare); Shane Moran (UKZN); Priya Narismulu (UKZN); Thengani Ngwenya (DUT); Mpilo Pearl Sithole (HSRC); Graham Stewart (DUT); Jean-Philippe Wade (UKZN). EDITORIAL BOARD Richard Bailey (UKZN); Marianne de Jong (Unisa); Betty Govinden (UKZN); Dorian Haarhoff (Namibia); Sabry Hafez (SOAS); Dan Izebaye (Ibadan); RK Jain (Jawaharlal Nehru); Robbie Kriger (NRF); Isaac Mathumba (Unisa); Godfrey Meintjes (Rhodes); Fatima Mendonca (Eduardo Mondlane); Sikhumbuzo Mngadi (Rhodes); Louis Molamu (Botswana); Katwiwa Mule (Pennsylvania); Isidore Okpewho (Binghamton); Andries Oliphant (Unisa); Julie Pridmore (Unisa); Rory Ryan (UJoh); Michael Samuel (UKZN); Maje Serudu (Unisa); Marilet Sienaert (UCT); Ayub Sheik (Edwin Mellon Post- doctoral Fellow); Liz Thompson (UZ); Cleopas Thosago (UNIN); Helize van Vuuren (NMMU); Hildegard van Zweel (Unisa). NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Carole Boyce-Davies (Florida Int.); Denis Brutus (Pittsburgh); Ampie Coetzee (UWC); Simon During (Melbourne); Elmar Lehmann (Essen); Douglas Killam (Guelph); Andre Lefevere (Austin); David Lewis-Williams (Wits); Bernth Lindfors (Austin); G.C.
    [Show full text]