DOCSLIB.ORG

Looking for Life on Mars with the Rosalind Franklin Rover

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Looking for Life on Mars with the Rosalind Franklin Rover Looking for life on Mars with the Rosalind Franklin Rover Andrew Coates and the PanCam team Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London www.ucl.ac.uk/mssl 1. Introduction 2. Mars 3.8 billion years ago & now 3. Water and life 4. ExoMars Mars 3.8 by ago ESA Water on surface Magnetic field NASA Volcanism Mars now •Extinct volcanoes •No large-scale magnetic field, only remanent regions •7 mbar, CO2-rich atmosphere •Cold, dry NASA Evidence for ancient lake and stream deposits – conditions for microbial life NASA Curiosity Science, Dec 2013 Context map: NASA/Viking; THEMIS background: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University; MARSIS data: ESA/NASA/JPL/ASI/Univ. Rome; R. Orosei et al 2018 Future missions to Mars • ESA-Russia – Trace gas orbiter (2016) – ExoMars rover – Rosalind Franklin (2020) • NASA – InSight (2018) – Mars 2020 (2020) • UAE – Orbiter (2020) • China – Orbiter, rover (2020) MEPAG Pasteur Payload E X O M A R S PanCam Geological context Wide-angle stereo camera pair Rover traverse planning High-resolution camera Atmospheric studies WAC: 35 FOV, HRC: 5 FOV ISEM Bulk mineralogy of outcrops Target selection IR spectrometer on mast Analytical Laboratory Drawer λ = 1.15 – 3.3 μm, 1 FOV Mineralogy characterisation MicrOmega of crushed sample material Geological deposition environment VIS + IR spectrometer Pointing for other instruments CLUPI Microtexture of rocks Close-up imager Morphological biomarkers λ = 0.9 – 3.5 μm, 256 x 256, 20-μm/pixel, 500 steps 20-μm resolution at 50-cm distance, focus: 20 cm to ∞ RLS Geochemical composition Raman spectrometer Detection of organic pigments WISDOM Mapping of subsurface stratigraphy Ground-penetrating radar spectral shift range 200–3800 cm–1, resolution ≤ 6 cm–1 3 – 5-m penetration, 2-cm resolution Broad-range organic molecules MOMA with high sensitivity (ppb) ADRON Mapping of subsurface water LDMS + Pyr-Dev GCMS Chirality determination Passive neutron detector and hydrated minerals Laser desorption extraction and mass spectroscopy Pyrolisis extraction in the presence of derivatisation Drill + Ma_MISS agents, coupled with chiral gas chromatography, In-situ mineralogy information IR borehole spectrometer and mass spectroscopy λ = 0.4 – 2.2 μm 8 ESA Why Rosalind Franklin? • Brilliant X-ray crystallographer • Photograph (Photo 51) of a fibre of DNA • Critical to Watson and Wellcome library Crick's discovery of the double helix • Other important work on structure of carbon, viruses Photo 51 Working notes on DNA Oxia Planum • 3km below Martian mean level • Clay bearing rocks 3.9 bya • Remnants of a fan or delta near the outlet of Coogoon Vallis ESA E X O M A R Where to Search ? S Penetration of Organic Outcrop Destructive Agents UV radiation ~ 1 mm Oxidants ~ 1 m Ionising radiation ~ 1.5 m ExoMars exobiology strategy: ‣ Identify and study the appropriate type of outcrop; Credit: 12Kees Veenenbos E X O M A R Where to Search ? S Penetration of Organic Destructive Agents UV radiation ~ 1 mm Oxidants ~ 1 m Subsurface Ionising radiation ~ 1.5 m ExoMars exobiology strategy: ‣ Identify and study the appropriate type of outcrop; ‣ Collect samples below the degradation horizon and analyse them. Credit: 13Kees Veenenbos 14 ExoMars 2020 PanCam Science ‘eyes’ of the Rosalind Franklin rover PI: Andrew Coates MSSL-UCL, PM: Mary Carter MSSL-UCL International team including DLR/OHB (D), Space-X/TAS-CH (CH), Joanneum Research (A), Aberystwyth U. (UK) + Intl Science Team PanCam includes: • Wide Angle Camera (WAC) pair, for multi-spectral stereoscopic panoramic imaging, using a miniaturised filter wheel • High Resolution Camera (HRC) for high resolution colour images • Pancam Interface Unit (PIU) to provide a single electronic interface • PanCam Optical Bench (OB) to house PanCam and provide planetary and dust protection • ‘Small items’: PanCam Calibration Target (PCT), Fiducial Markers (FidM) Related hardware: Rover Inspection Mirror (RIM) to provide radiometric and geometric calibration checks and to observe areas not directly visible by WACs or HRC 14 PanCam science team Andrew Coates, Ralf Jaumann, Jean-Luc Josset, Andrew Griffiths, Matt Balme, Rob Barnes, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Tomaso Bontognali, John Bridges, Valerie Ciarletti, Claire Cousins, Ian Crawford, Joel Davis, Nadezda Evdokimova, Alberto Fairén, Peter Fawdon, Anna Fedorova, Bernard Foing, François Forget, Yang Gao, Stephan van Gasselt, Matt Golombek, John Grant, Peter Grindrod, Matt Gunn, Sanjeev Gupta, Klaus Gwinner, Ernst Hauber, Harald Hiesinger, Pat Irwin, Geraint Jones, Beda Anton Hofmann, Marie Josset, Christian Köberl, Ruslan Kuzmin, Mark Leese, Philippe Masson, Stefano Mottola, Peter Muller, Jürgen Oberst, Gordon (‘Oz’) Osinski, Gerhard Paar, Tim Parker, Manish Patel, Dirk Plettermeier, Louisa Preston, Frank Preusker, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Peter Rueffer, Nicole Schmitz, Caroline Smith, Roger Stabbins, Mitko Tanevski, Nick Thomas, Roland Trautner, Frances Westall, Lyle Whyte, Rebecca Williams, Colin Wilson PanCam MSSL hardware team Mary Carter, Tom Hunt, Bruce Yu, Barry Whiteside, Craig Theobald, Alan Spencer, Theo Brochant de Villiers, Peter Yuen, Graham Willis, Anna Nash, Mark Hailey, Craig Leff, Kirk Ruane, Alex Rousseau + DLR, OHB, TAS-CH, AU, JR… PanCam science team meeting, 4-5 Sep 2017 PanCam science and instrument overview The objectives of the ExoMars rover PanCam instrument PanCam performance (Coates et al., Astrobiology, 2017) are: WACs (x2) HRC 1. Provide context information for the rover and its FoV () 38.3 (edge) 4.88 environment, including digital elevation models and their Pixels 1024x1024 1024x1024 proper visualisation. Filter type Multispectral RGB 2. Geologically investigate and map the rover sites including drilling locations. Filter type Filter wheel Bayer Filter number 11 per ‘eye’ 1 3. Study the properties of the atmosphere and variable phenomena, including water and dust content of the IFOV (µrad/pixel) 653 83 atmosphere. Pixel scale (2m) 1.31mm 0.17 mm 4. Locate the landing site and the rover position with respect to local references, by comparison and data Focus Fixed Mechanical fusion with data from orbiters (1.0m-∞) autofocus (0.98m-∞) 5. Support rover track planning 6. Image the acquired sample The PanCam science team has developed a detailed science traceability matrix which links the high level goals to instrument * see also Coates et al., Planet Space Sci., 2012, performance (Jaumann et al., 2010). Griffiths et al., Int. J. Astrob., 2006 16 UCL-MSSL Courtesy Patrick Curry, MSSL Courtesy Helen Miles, Aberystwyth 19 Examples of PanCam use and results • Many field tests • See Coates et al. (2017) Harris et al. (Icarus 2015) Data from MURFI trial, Nov 2016 Balme et al., PSS, 2019 Rover in Utah desert PanCam (AUPE) data Raman data ExoFit – Atacama desert • Airbus-run rover trial last week and this • Operations centre in Harwell, several PanCam team members participating Courtesy ExoFit Courtesy Elyse Allender & PanCam team ExoFit PanCam team • PanCam 3D Vision Processing also being used for NavCam / LocCam Tactical Processing • Visualization by PRo3D: Fostering VR for VRVis collaboration Example Data: MSL Mastcam pcocessed by PanCam 3D Vision Symbolic only! Some recent PanCam Engineering Model and other images Max Alexander, Airbus Thales Alenia Space ExoMars 2020 PanCam PanCam integration at UCL-MSSL UCL-MSSL 25 25 PanCam PFM images UCL-MSSL Link to images on request – used as an example for all rover instruments PanCam calibration at MSSL, 4-11 May 2019 UCL-MSSL PanCam geometric calibration – Piluca Caballo-Perucha (JR) Astrobiology special issue June/July 2017 • Vago, J.L., F. Westall, A.J. Coates, et al., and the ExoMars project team, Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover, Astrobiology, 17(6-7), 471-510, doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1533, 2017. • Coates, A.J., R. Jaumann, A.D. Griffiths, C.E. Leff, N. Schmitz, J.-L. Josset, G. Paar, M. Gunn, E. Hauber, C.R. Cousins, R.E. Cross,, P. Grindrod, J.C. Bridges, M. Balme, S. Gupta, I.A. Crawford, P.Irwin, R. Stabbins, D. Tirsch, J.L. Vago, T. Theodorou, M.Caballo-Perucha, G.R. Osinski and the PanCam team, The PanCam instrument for the ExoMars rover, Astrobiology, 17 (6-7), 511-541, DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1548, 2017. • PanCam co-authors also on ISEM, CLUPI, WISDOM papers as part of co-I swap • We also plan measurements with TSPP, TGO UCL-MSSL UCL-MSSL ESA Summary • Recent and current Mars missions providing important results • Future exploration will follow up with key new data • ExoMars 2020 (Rosalind Franklin) important new dimension on Mars: drill under surface exploration.esa.int www.ucl.ac.uk/mssl.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dustin M. Schroeder
    Dustin M. Schroeder Assistant Professor of Geophysics Department of Geophysics, School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences 397 Panama Mall, Mitchell Building 361, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 [email protected], 440.567.8343 EDUCATION 2014 Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Geophysics 2007 Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering (B.S.E.E.), departmental honors, magna cum laude Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Physics, magna cum laude, minors in Mathematics and Philosophy PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2016 – present Assistant Professor of Geophysics, Stanford University 2017 – present Assistant Professor (by courtesy) of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University 2020 – present Center Fellow (by courtesy), Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment 2020 – present Faculty Affiliate, Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence 2021 – present Senior Member, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology 2016 – 2020 Faculty Affiliate, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment 2014 – 2016 Radar Systems Engineer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 2012 Graduate Researcher, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University 2008 – 2014 Graduate Researcher, University of Texas Institute for Geophysics 2007 – 2008 Platform Hardware Engineer, Freescale Semiconductor SELECTED AWARDS 2021 Symposium Prize Paper Award, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society 2020 Excellence in Teaching Award, Stanford School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences 2019 Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 CAREER Award, National Science Foundation 2018 LInC Fellow, Woods Institute, Stanford University 2016 Frederick E. Terman Fellow, Stanford University 2015 JPL Team Award, Europa Mission Instrument Proposal 2014 Best Graduate Student Paper, Jackson School of Geosciences 2014 National Science Olympiad Heart of Gold Award for Service to Science Education 2013 Best Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Juno Telecommunications
    The cover The cover is an artist’s conception of Juno in orbit around Jupiter.1 The photovoltaic panels are extended and pointed within a few degrees of the Sun while the high-gain antenna is pointed at the Earth. 1 The picture is titled Juno Mission to Jupiter. See http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA13087 for the cover art and an accompanying mission overview. DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series Article 16 Juno Telecommunications Ryan Mukai David Hansen Anthony Mittskus Jim Taylor Monika Danos Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California October 2012 This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement by the United States Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Copyright 2012 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. DESCANSO DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE SUMMARY SERIES Issued by the Deep Space Communications and Navigation Systems Center of Excellence Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Joseph H. Yuen, Editor-in-Chief Published Articles in This Series Article 1—“Mars Global
    [Show full text]
  • JUICE Red Book
    ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Juno Observations in Jupiter's Plasma Disk: Density
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Survey of Juno Observations in Jupiter's Plasma Disk: 10.1029/2021JA029446 Density Key Points: E. Huscher1, F. Bagenal1 , R. J. Wilson1 , F. Allegrini2,3 , R. W. Ebert2,3 , P. W. Valek2 , • On most orbits, the densities exhibit J. R. Szalay4 , D. J. McComas4 , J. E. P. Connerney5,6 , S. Bolton2 , and S. M. Levin7 regular behavior mapping out a disk confined close to the centrifugal 1Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, 2Southwest Research equator 3 • Small-scale ( minutes) variabilities Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San 4 5 may indicate∼ radial transport via Antonio, TX, USA, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, Space Research local instabilities Corporation, Annapolis, MD, USA, 6Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 7Jet Propulsion Laboratory/ • Occasionally a uniformly tenuous California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA outer disk indicates enhanced losses, perhaps triggered by solar wind compression Abstract We explore the variation in plasma conditions through the middle magnetosphere of Jupiter with latitude and radial distance using Juno-JADE measurements of plasma density (electrons, protons, Supporting Information: sulfur, and oxygen ions) surveyed on Orbits 5–26 between March 2017 and April 2020. On most orbits, the Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. densities exhibit regular behavior, mapping out a disk between 10 and 50 RJ (Jovian radii). In the disk, the heavy ions are confined close to the centrifugal equator which oscillates relative to the spacecraft due to the 10° tilt of Jupiter's magnetic dipole.
    [Show full text]
  • Argops) Solution to the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition
    AAS 17-621 THE ASTRODYNAMICS RESEARCH GROUP OF PENN STATE (ARGOPS) SOLUTION TO THE 2017 ASTRODYNAMICS SPECIALIST CONFERENCE STUDENT COMPETITION Jason A. Reiter,* Davide Conte,1 Andrew M. Goodyear,* Ghanghoon Paik,* Guanwei. He,* Peter C. Scarcella,* Mollik Nayyar,* Matthew J. Shaw* We present the methods and results of the Astrodynamics Research Group of Penn State (ARGoPS) team in the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition. A mission (named Minerva) was designed to investigate Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 in order to determine its mass and volume and to map and characterize its surface. This data would prove useful in determining the necessity and usefulness of future missions to the asteroid. The mission was designed such that a balance between cost and maximizing objectives was found. INTRODUCTION Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 was discovered recently and has yet to be explored. It lies in a quasi-orbit about the Earth such that it will follow the Earth around the Sun for at least the next several hundred years providing many opportunities for relatively low-cost missions to the body. Not much is known about 2016 HO3 except a general size range, but its close proximity to Earth makes a scientific mission more feasible than other near-Earth objects. A Request For Proposal (RFP) was provided to university teams searching for cost-efficient mission design solutions to assist in the characterization of the asteroid and the assessment of its potential for future, more in-depth missions and possible resource utilization. The RFP provides constraints on launch mass, bus size as well as other mission architecture decisions, and sets goals for scientific mapping and characterization.
    [Show full text]
  • + New Horizons
    Media Contacts NASA Headquarters Policy/Program Management Dwayne Brown New Horizons Nuclear Safety (202) 358-1726 [email protected] The Johns Hopkins University Mission Management Applied Physics Laboratory Spacecraft Operations Michael Buckley (240) 228-7536 or (443) 778-7536 [email protected] Southwest Research Institute Principal Investigator Institution Maria Martinez (210) 522-3305 [email protected] NASA Kennedy Space Center Launch Operations George Diller (321) 867-2468 [email protected] Lockheed Martin Space Systems Launch Vehicle Julie Andrews (321) 853-1567 [email protected] International Launch Services Launch Vehicle Fran Slimmer (571) 633-7462 [email protected] NEW HORIZONS Table of Contents Media Services Information ................................................................................................ 2 Quick Facts .............................................................................................................................. 3 Pluto at a Glance ...................................................................................................................... 5 Why Pluto and the Kuiper Belt? The Science of New Horizons ............................... 7 NASA’s New Frontiers Program ........................................................................................14 The Spacecraft ........................................................................................................................15 Science Payload ...............................................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • The Suitability of Quantum Magnetometers for Defence Applications
    The Suitability of Quantum Magnetometers for Defence Applications UDT 2019 - 14th May 2019 Andrew Bond and Leighton Brown Presented by Nick Sheppard © Thales UK Limited 2019 The copyright herein is the property of Thales UK Limited. It is not to be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated in any material form (including storage in any medium by electronic means whether or not transiently or incidentally), in whole or in part nor disclosed to any third party without the prior written permission of Thales UK Limited. Neither shall it be used otherwise than for the purpose for which it is supplied. The information contained herein is confidential and, subject to any rights of third parties, is proprietary to Thales UK Limited. It is intended only for the authorised recipient for the intended purpose, and access to it by any other person is unauthorised. The information contained herein may not be disclosed to any third party or used for any other purpose without the express written permission of Thales UK Limited. If you are not the intended recipient, you must not disclose, copy, circulate or in any other way use or rely on the information contained in this document. Such unauthorised use may be unlawful. If you have received this document in error, please inform Thales UK Limited immediately on +44 (0)118 9434500 and post it, together with your name and address, to The Intellectual Property Department, Thales UK Limited, 350 Longwater Avenue, Green Park, Reading RG2 6GF. Postage will be refunded. www.thalesgroup.com OPEN Quantum Devices ▌Quantum technologies are beginning to move out of laboratory environments and into industrial applications.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018: Aiaa-Space-Report
    AIAA TEAM SPACE TRANSPORTATION DESIGN COMPETITION TEAM PERSEPHONE Submitted By: Chelsea Dalton Ashley Miller Ryan Decker Sahil Pathan Layne Droppers Joshua Prentice Zach Harmon Andrew Townsend Nicholas Malone Nicholas Wijaya Iowa State University Department of Aerospace Engineering May 10, 2018 TEAM PERSEPHONE Page I Iowa State University: Persephone Design Team Chelsea Dalton Ryan Decker Layne Droppers Zachary Harmon Trajectory & Propulsion Communications & Power Team Lead Thermal Systems AIAA ID #908154 AIAA ID #906791 AIAA ID #532184 AIAA ID #921129 Nicholas Malone Ashley Miller Sahil Pathan Joshua Prentice Orbit Design Science Science Science AIAA ID #921128 AIAA ID #922108 AIAA ID #761247 AIAA ID #922104 Andrew Townsend Nicholas Wijaya Structures & CAD Trajectory & Propulsion AIAA ID #820259 AIAA ID #644893 TEAM PERSEPHONE Page II Contents 1 Introduction & Problem Background2 1.1 Motivation & Background......................................2 1.2 Mission Definition..........................................3 2 Mission Overview 5 2.1 Trade Study Tools..........................................5 2.2 Mission Architecture.........................................6 2.3 Planetary Protection.........................................6 3 Science 8 3.1 Observations of Interest.......................................8 3.2 Goals.................................................9 3.3 Instrumentation............................................ 10 3.3.1 Visible and Infrared Imaging|Ralph............................ 11 3.3.2 Radio Science Subsystem.................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Pickup Ion-Mediated Solar Wind
    The Astrophysical Journal, 869:23 (21pp), 2018 December 10 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaebfe © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. The Pickup Ion-mediated Solar Wind G. P. Zank1,2 , L. Adhikari1 , L.-L. Zhao1 , P. Mostafavi2,3 , E. J. Zirnstein3 , and D. J. McComas3 1 Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA 2 Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA 3 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA Received 2018 September 10; revised 2018 October 22; accepted 2018 October 24; published 2018 December 7 Abstract The New Horizons Solar Wind Around Pluto (NH SWAP) instrument has provided the first direct observations of interstellar H+ and He+ pickup ions (PUIs) at distances between ∼11.26 and 38 au in the solar wind. The observations demonstrate that the distant solar wind beyond the hydrogen ionization cavity is indeed mediated by PUIs. The creation of PUIs modifies the underlying low-frequency turbulence field responsible for their own scattering. The dissipation of these low-frequency fluctuations serves to heat the solar wind plasma, and accounts for the observed non-adiabatic solar wind temperature profile and a possible slow temperature increase beyond ∼30 au. We develop a very general theoretical model that incorporates PUIs, solar wind thermal plasma, the interplanetary magnetic field, and low-frequency turbulence to describe the evolution of the large-scale solar wind, PUIs, and turbulence from 1–84 au, the structure of the perpendicular heliospheric termination shock, and the transmission of turbulence into the inner heliosheath, extending the classical models of Holzer and Isenberg.
    [Show full text]
  • 7'Tie;T;E ~;&H ~ T,#T1tmftllsieotog
    7'tie;T;e ~;&H ~ t,#t1tMftllSieotOg, UCLA VOLUME 3 1986 EDITORIAL BOARD Mark E. Forry Anne Rasmussen Daniel Atesh Sonneborn Jane Sugarman Elizabeth Tolbert The Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology is an annual publication of the UCLA Ethnomusicology Students Association and is funded in part by the UCLA Graduate Student Association. Single issues are available for $6.00 (individuals) or $8.00 (institutions). Please address correspondence to: Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology Department of Music Schoenberg Hall University of California Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Standing orders and agencies receive a 20% discount. Subscribers residing outside the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico, please add $2.00 per order. Orders are payable in US dollars. Copyright © 1986 by the Regents of the University of California VOLUME 3 1986 CONTENTS Articles Ethnomusicologists Vis-a-Vis the Fallacies of Contemporary Musical Life ........................................ Stephen Blum 1 Responses to Blum................. ....................................... 20 The Construction, Technique, and Image of the Central Javanese Rebab in Relation to its Role in the Gamelan ... ................... Colin Quigley 42 Research Models in Ethnomusicology Applied to the RadifPhenomenon in Iranian Classical Music........................ Hafez Modir 63 New Theory for Traditional Music in Banyumas, West Central Java ......... R. Anderson Sutton 79 An Ethnomusicological Index to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Part Two ............ Kenneth Culley 102 Review Irene V. Jackson. More Than Drumming: Essays on African and Afro-Latin American Music and Musicians ....................... Norman Weinstein 126 Briefly Noted Echology ..................................................................... 129 Contributors to this Issue From the Editors The third issue of the Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology continues the tradition of representing the diversity inherent in our field.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of Mars by the European Space Agency 1
    Exploration of Mars by the European Space Agency Alejandro Cardesín ESA Science Operations Mars Express, ExoMars 2016 IAC Winter School, November 20161 Credit: MEX/HRSC History of Missions to Mars Mars Exploration nowadays… 2000‐2010 2011 2013/14 2016 2018 2020 future … Mars Express MAVEN (ESA) TGO Future ESA (ESA- Studies… RUSSIA) Odyssey MRO Mars Phobos- Sample Grunt Return? (RUSSIA) MOM Schiaparelli ExoMars 2020 Phoenix (ESA-RUSSIA) Opportunity MSL Curiosity Mars Insight 2020 Spirit The data/information contained herein has been reviewed and approved for release by JPL Export Administration on the basis that this document contains no export‐controlled information. Mars Express 2003-2016 … First European Mission to orbit another Planet! First mission of the “Rosetta family” Up and running since 2003 Credit: MEX/HRSC First European Mission to orbit another Planet First European attempt to land on another Planet Original mission concept Credit: MEX/HRSC December 2003: Mars Express Lander Release and Orbit Insertion Collission trajectory Bye bye Beagle 2! Last picture Lander after release, release taken by VMC camera Insertion 19/12/2003 8:33 trajectory Credit: MEX/HRSC Beagle 2 was found in January 2015 ! Only 6km away from landing site OK Open petals indicate soft landing OK Antenna remained covered Lessons learned: comms at all time! Credit: MEX/HRSC Mars Express: so many missions at once Mars Mission Phobos Mission Relay Mission Credit: MEX/HRSC Mars Express science investigations Martian Moons: Phobos & Deimos: Ionosphere, surface,
    [Show full text]
  • Estimated Attenuation Rates Using GPR and TDR in Volcanic Depos
    PUBLICATIONS Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets RESEARCH ARTICLE Electromagnetic signal penetration in a planetary soil 10.1002/2016JE005192 simulant: Estimated attenuation rates using GPR Key Points: and TDR in volcanic deposits on Mount Etna • GPR methodologies for evaluating the loss tangent of volcanic sediments S. E. Lauro1 , E. Mattei1 , B. Cosciotti1 , F. Di Paolo1 , S. A. Arcone2, M. Viccaro3,4 , • Characterization of electrical 1 properties of a planetary soil simulant and E. Pettinelli • Comparison between GPR and TDR 1 2 measurements Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma TRE, Rome, Italy, US Army ERDC-CRREL, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA, 3Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy, 4Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy Correspondence to: S. E. Lauro, Abstract Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a well-established geophysical terrestrial exploration method [email protected] and has recently become one of the most promising for planetary subsurface exploration. Several future landing vehicles like EXOMARS, 2020 NASA ROVER, and Chang’e-4, to mention a few, will host GPR. A GPR Citation: survey has been conducted on volcanic deposits on Mount Etna (Italy), considered a good analogue for Lauro, S. E., E. Mattei, B. Cosciotti, F. Di Paolo, S. A. Arcone, M. Viccaro, and Martian and Lunar volcanic terrains, to test a novel methodology for subsoil dielectric properties estimation. E. Pettinelli (2017), Electromagnetic The stratigraphy of the volcanic deposits was investigated using 500 MHz and 1 GHz antennas in two different signal penetration in a planetary soil configurations: transverse electric and transverse magnetic.
    [Show full text]