When World Literature Today speaks from the University of Oklahoma, a distinguished international audience listens-even the august group that awards the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel

ConnectionBy WILLIAM RIGGAN Associate Editor

World Literanire Today

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tivedish ,11] Aje out 1i11- (he A paper copy of world'- most I)rr.',ti loll, ;Inn r'{ •- n iiner' ;I( ive Lit('1;11''' this issue is Illos t exchanz e kti' :1,; €li 't'ntl lI{Iti'<'- f V4- I Tile Lraciou- h1)-t tv' ;1~; A1't klur' available at I .IIlldkvi,t, ;l Swe€€i~h poet and rll)''rlI ;t who i-' one (A the C SL, Ineill- LIIV ;W t ' ' ii- Lji I1111)_`, tilt'. 111'YE!Illl llt'nce of call number I)e , ul'the 1~'(rrli,'h A(•ridc'my', Nobel the INOh 'J Ff}LLf1(lti nl ;lnd t hc• UonlIII] ttet! : the occa ;ioii 4ti71ti a ~I)e- edi,Ii r\iath'n13 in recognirin; ; thr LH 1 .06S6 in ci :i1 • 1n\•I tallorl-nllly r'ecepLinn In 111U~L S3L1t~tal7{lillh L't}niel1111111al v \Vr'Il- Strlckhtrlrn for tht' 1979 Now iel fi'.- In the world . DI' . Iv ;i ;k lllln±rll Bizzell Memorial lliurrtltr ill IrteratLll'(!, Greek poet N•D Uld he the Iii t to &nv :-u&Ii hold-

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Ac IdenIV :kfln ollll(e( i lilt' v, I I]ner lil Committee ;elector over the Venus . cN Iijti() NuI1f.l Prize i17 LiteI'at .11 -L' Th(' 1Vurlriaii--iiickIiuIii connection Polish pout, e--2ts l-t, and llo%ek-t I, 1114 s°x .LC1Iv 111 w . I,e>i'4 ;,'(1 .1'V ;iy ('rt'ti ;iw 11'li]uw! hack . Like Inlet 1ullLc ;ttltllls and in- Not had, rnu -av . a dull ;iii (lt' 1)] -n- dilIdual, L4'ItII All intl're ;t Ill CLrr'Ye'Ilt cultural li',,nl • It°ll, rlnr of the Nohwl king- ;litlc1l5' . 1j»rt1°,*• ~ll}rrirrrl I ;1~ Iliaker' who will hr the nr , _,i kir (d Y'LT at u ; known durinl; the Ve ;lr, The y. volhrrlic xi1ra •r° sninle' .s h'clrher flit , li(, rir'y hill, ;n to ,I)E°ak . This L, 1927 - 76 , . almrl-t from It ; ineel)tiiln . llrewnit'(1 lrr em h Neusl(rrll l(rurerrlt , nut to claim . lultit~s'I . Li1 ;It (1t • I- in Bald clo.w LL nil frE'tllie] 1I at terttLon to 16 SOONER MAGAZINE

IMAGE IS NOT AVAILABLE ONLINE DUE TO COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS .

A paper copy of this issue is available at call number LH 1 .06S6 in Bizzell Memorial Library.

[ti ai-in'. I' : 111e v'i'ii sl 1•'Iii ;a Tiarur ill left, thv If-)7b) .Vnbrl 1'ru e it rirnn,'s rc'<'Prt'e 111t' hrrrrinhe Iaf ibb+' r'r'lari •r f . rrr- r liiding Di- . onrf Mrs- 1i •l rsh in Ihr ,i ir • breh-f ni•. Ahrii', Uil ' •w,veri, E13'ri, ix plr'1 .5 ocd the Walbc'1 friar ffii • Li1ero- ttii'e l>v Srredrn •ii Kim , Curl Gii .y ial'

Ilit' unl1u ;d NobeI iiI11Ice--; . In c{iviclu ;tl iIul • In (heir C•rillt'etlvLop ninnn • II :FCI tt'0 . I Ar; ;1 I II \Vt: 11111 ; 1111 14 11 ;111'Il t11r11 t 4V1111101" \V 11'e I :III(It'(I III • Iutnl'nted 1)[11. oIieied the 171+ht -1 I111]L•; ttlt cantl'lbl;- ILnu14' w11e't1I( ,. I • t.ht'Kf' IIP'illl[7,s;IIs LVI're ;1ItVa\lv.ais1 notice.-d, :1nd ioiindI tion to world letter- Ili IEle First third ntru ;IElr and nillclal1 ruluIlutIed to e( lit1)1 Roy' 'iinplt • House 1Fl)1 •ne'd his ill he 20th centulr,v, \VEtiet hei or riot ke tJlV .%CiClenii,' .' l y1'ClIT1111e'I]t t'I'IIIC~, IF'ur'l l1)1.o-ollrnai' k.~ p :hFt s ill lht' 1930- Io 111' Sllr' haul lit`1`n n:llncd :I reciliIhiil III I'.1JI'rIlI.- 1111d the 111ilid Srnl+ •k 1S'C're :1, >.Yr •1 1 .e'I :s 'Ind lltf`I' :IIIiles not Iii Nuihel PI-iii,. tiucb non •l ;tlitl .Iteti ~fiIIcited Iris' CI1tI1111L •rlt- 1111 Ilii' topic vi •t Iiivalred hk' t Iit' Acuele ,my'•~ imnlor- ;1- '-1 ;ircel I'rnu-t, Fran/ K ;01t :i, mid "11'Ir1t' 1~'ron vii i Ihr Ncuhi'I t,tlliiii tolld ; . Tht`ndori I)reiser ttnl .,4hed r1ctir [lie I , i -lic 1 The insult . chili' C nlainin I o 1 1cVliet he r tl lt'se lir(ipwsal- were evee 1 toll iii tllt` Ir,111rutitld . 1 111 t nltullutl'lV Few disparaging remarks about the loi m ;all~- siii lilted to the .Academy, 1IICIleclion cn111irnn-il the A2 :Idenir s Ac,ldeinx's erler,iI pn -oredllre mid wfe don't know' . But it is a hitlc- Ir1 tlvt'nt :I,ttlttrnt ~ Iis nanlin ;, tthi9 licclllc llerc+ ivu'd IIITiis-irnls I("onr :td, rt'tiIlitd I ;ic't ttJ :tl alit][ (Jiilte 1'ecently . Noht'l '. hITIrl'r Th{Im,iti llalln as 11,5 )1, I) II, I lreticr, Strlrldher'r . in Ihc'urk ii' not ill practice . ;ink pt l) - J :11Jrc :llt Iif the ' Stiller ill il 1' ; ;ward I'nl till' . \ ;11t'J .v1,;9S 54 0Lil' 111f11'C iiilt ;1- lC` -tla' [11 I LtCPt1ILtl'e ;toil E ;lI1 likii_tCS 14' ;1 ;1 6 tIII( IIIt1 .,.ii hell M :ar1n ;;ri1- blc liii it., 111nu ;,htf -nl • colicernecl d{ •- :iu1u111;ttiCiiIIV clil ihll` to ml Ike Ilfl°i- cICiLI5l1' :lekno %Alc>clgt'd 1n ;I liliu't note, hirtcr a and kook it'd r•: Lliii rr',I ;onerl ci :ll nornin ;ltinns to t.h+' N11Em1 {'o111- ii) editor 1louse, l,uhli hcd in Ilil° ur~;unit'Ilt 1 ;i 44111 IS I1'tyut'Ilt lu':IISI, nllltee {'nc'h year. So the ctrlicb' .s in ;boot{ •r 19$0 i=.itll' Ell B.-l . ;1nd t- m1J,ith~ for tIlt • elector-' pt e'- BA were not necessarily mere. expet'- Ill 19 1 the journ ;ll I ;Itn ci-l'I the Itind of iniL're5t 11red ti)r ;ltIl ;I ;s 1nth tilt' Okki11wimtl IA- Ind .I ('I'Illinsre`ri t1w 111 .ti11rk 111' lht• Nidlt'I piilllit'll tt'ot11d h :ltt' rijnici'd in . 11ro- ill 19;19 IIui1,F' 1-% 071 ,pxiii,ili •t 'd ill Ac;ideInNilhel selEcilclli, itnd In 1{1 :51 n- %rc'II, tlii,' Nrihc'1 I''nlindo- BA :I ' iiper-Nohcl' election in which lllawod r1 nuFiEier• ut ir'itl'i •s tli•1 'nit'd tlon . \t luck iii-' ; ;warding -if' rt` ;u6ur collnhorlrttn's and itIFC'I tivnrtlrr of tlti. l.irr,e"- recuWnitilul but :III IJ vt` Nnlx I I'rnf.l'~ + ;ich M ca r . this51 ~'lF{'CUkIJ~C~' 1Vi`1I t+i 1110115{` 1III 1ViiidI litthcrln utit'i]orlked lls tLE cnlli111it- the l'uivel-it4 tiC( )klllhutn ;l Errv-s Ii,

1981 SPRING 1 7 issue the first English-language edi- Still, the whole is both an excellent undistinguished, to say the least . and tion of its own authoritative volume, contribution to BA's continued and even smacked of political balancing Nobel: The Mon & His Pri :t's. long-standing interest in the prizes . (Soviett novelist Mikhail Sholokhov in As Savoie Lottinvillei then director and a line posthumous tribute to the 19651 and tepid compromise i Hebrew of the Press. wrote at the time to Dr- BA editor who had organized the novelist S . Y . Agnon and German- IfHouse : "it may he a happy reflection symposium . Robert Vlach 1d . 1966 . Jewish poet Nclly Sachs, joint re- upon literary toleration in this coun- professor of modern languages at OU cipients in 19661, try a and at the University of' Ok- and himself the contributor of the lvask's intent was to set up an lahoma that the publishing house essay on Slavic award recipients . award and a selection procedure which prints and distributes . - . i By the way, in connection with the which would be a free as possible of Books Abroad . which has for several above quote from Howarth . many such "extralit.eraty" considerations . issues carried critical pieces on the people, some younger literary The candidates would he proposed Nobel Prizes . should also be the pub- specialists among them, seem to be and debated by o constantly changing lisher of the official report of the unaware that the 1953 Nobel Prize in international group oh their peers, Nobel trustees at the end of' fifty Literature - in lrteratur'e, mind you themselves writers and men and years of the great system of prizes es- - went to Winston Churchill, that women of letters who would he tablished by that lonely and the 1951 prize went to British equally worthy of such an award . The genuinely gifted man, Alfred Nobel ." philosopher Bertrand Russell, the Academy's permanent membership The section on the literary prize, by 1927 prize to French philosopher has its definite advantages in tradi- Nobel Committee member Anders Ifenri Bergson, the 1902 prize to tion, continuity, resources, shared Osterling . outlines the history of the German historian Theodor heritage and interests, single- Academy's choices through 1948, of Mnmmsen! And the winner of the mindedness of purpose, and the fering numerous insights into the very first award, French poet Sully smooth coordination brought by de- selection process and simultaneously cades of practice . However . Ivask felt clarifying some of the many questions that the constant infusion of new and objections previously raised in jurors and candidates from as many BA and elsewhere . countries as possible would give the In 1967 Books Abrraid hosted an "Ivask's intent was to set new Oklahoma prize a continually even larger . Cull-scale symposium on up an award and a renewed source of' energy, interest, the Nobel Prize, this tithe a series of selection procedure which and vitality . proposals, analyses and debates grow- would be as free as possible Each jury would, in a sense, start ing out of study sessions at the an- with a clean slate and select a nual convention of the Modern Lan- of such `extraliterary' laureate from among its own field of guage Association . This truly com- considerations." candidates, not just from an inher- prehensive and far-ranging collection ited, perpetual list of names which of essays not only surveys the scarcely changed from year to year . Academy s past choices in the various Publicizing the candidates' names major-language areas, but goes on to Prudhomme (190D, is now scarcely also was thought in itself to generate assess the merits of', for example, read at all even in France, much less debate and stimulate curiosity about Arabic, African, Brazilian . Chinese, anywhere else . These are just a few of the individual writers nominated Hebrew, Indonesian . Japanese, and the tidbits one discovers in reviewing rather than merely engender idle Persian writers as potential candi- the BA/Nobel history, speculation through shrouding the dates and to examine such "outsider" The year 1967 brought Ivar Ivask proceedings in secrecy . laureates as Rahindranath Tagore of' to the University of Oklahoma as Those hopes and aspirations have India 1191 .31 and George Seferis of Vlach's successor at Books Abroad been realized well beyond what might Greece ( 1963) . and in the department of modern fan- have been reasonably expected . After The summation by symposium guages . Under Ivask, the journal not provisional 'University support had moderator Herbert Howarth of the only continued its yearly scrutiny of helped inaugurate the biennial prize University of Pennsylvania perhaps the Nobel selections, but also soon in 1970, a $200,000 endowment in overemphasizes the negative criti- moved to establish an alternative perpetuity by the family of Mrs . cism at the expense of the panelists' award, sponsored by the University Walter Neustadt, Sr ., of Ardmore in many words of praise or justification : and intended as something of a com- 1971 assured the continuance of the "The Swedish Academy has done plement to the Nobel . Though the award, which now bears the title well, hut could have done better ; the Academy's choices for 1967-69 were "Neustadt International Prize for Lit- list of prize-men is blemished by er- laudable and stimulative in their re- erature ." Six such awards have been rors of commission and omission : in- spective ways (Guatemalan novelist made . beginning with Italian poet cludes non-literary figures who Miguel Angel Asturias in 1967, Giuseppe Ungaretti in 1970 and most should have been non-starters ; in- Japanese novelist Yasunari recently honoring the Czech emigre cludes mediocrities : omits some writ- Kawabata in 1968, Irish-French novelist Josef' Skvorecky in 1980 . In ers of the highest rank ; and where it playwright and novelist Samuel that one decade of existence, no fewer names the best men, names them too Beckett in 1969), several previous than Six writers associated in one way late ." selections in the 1960s were clearly or another with the Oklahoma prize 18 SOONER MAGAZINE

have also received the Nobel Prize in Literature' On the very first jury, in 1970, was the outstanding German novelist Heinrich Boll, honored by the Academy in 1972- Three of' the candidates fir?, that first . Oklahoma prize ithen called simply the Books Abroad International Prize for Liter- ature - - the Soviet Union's Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda . and the Italian poet Eugenio Montale were ac- corded the Academy's prize in 1970, 1971, and 1975 respectively . A member of the 1972 Neustadt jury . Greek poet and essayist Odysseus Elytis, was the choice for Llre 1979 Nobel award . And finally, the 197H recipient tit' the Neustadt Prize, the Polish ernigre writer Czes- hiw Milosz, gained the Academy's nod in 19K0 i.Milosr• had, moreover, been nominated fin' the 1972 and 1976 Neustadt awards as well .i In addition to the above connec- tions between the long-established Nobel Prize and the newly instituted Neustadt Prize . the special issues of Books Abroad (Autumn 1975) and World Literature Todav (Summer 1978) on Elytis and Milosz respec- Of' those present at the 1978 presentation o/' !he Neustadt International Prize to Czeslau, Milosz, center . only Dr . Ivor husk, left . aright have ce ntered the tively were specifically cited by the prediction that the Polish enrigre writer nright he the eventual Nobel Prize Academy as having been of'prime im- laureate as well . 011 President-Emeritus Pa uI F . Sharp is at right . portance in the candidacy and ulti- . Those mate selection of each writer all among the world's elite writers . The mimes 01 _1111 the ILa'in's and can- two issues still constitute (as of this announced We have always contended that tile didates are then publicly writingi the only significant sources OU literary prize i ; selected by :i jury :it least six months prior' to tine aCtLlal of critical information and assess- o1 peers who themselves are equally jury meeting, which is held on the ment, in English or any other major eligible, equally qualified ." Norman campus in l •'ebru :ary oi' each language, for the work of these two The procedure of the Neustadt even-n rr mhei'ed year . Nobel laureates . Prize begins with the selection of a "Our lists are always open," lvask -We In acknowledgment of this fact. i n .jury, a time-consurn ing matter i n Says, announce the jurors ;and the case of Elytis, Ivask and his wife which lvask consults with WLT's candidates ,ahead of time to avoid were honored with an invitation to editorial hoard- other specialists and people's sett(ng up fancy lists that arc.' the 1979 award ceremonies in Stock- colleagues, and the University ad- unreal . The Nobel selection, however, holm and to many of the public recep- ministration to arrive att a list of is a all secret, For example, I was in tions associated with the prize, as prorninent writers from 10 or 11 dif= Vienna in early October . and at the well as to several private dinners and ferent countries who :are deemed both end ail a lf'c'liire line (evening I men- meetings with Academy members competent as critics and able and wil- 1 ivned that Milosz vkgas a strong can- and Swedish dignitaries • i 1L was alter ling to serve as jurors . Once 11 didate for this .;veal' Nobel Prize," he Elytis Nobel lecture that the writers have accepted the lormirl in- recalls . "Milosz wasn't among the Academician Lundkvist popped his vitation )it's not really as quick and contenders listed in all the papers . question to Ivask, as recounted at the easy a this sketch may make it ,and people thought that 1, corning beginning of this article .i sound, but I'll spare you any tales of T'r'am Oklahoma and talking about "This certainly proves that all the many personal, political, and sonic exiled Polish poet, was ai hit three categories associated with the postal problems which have arisen at crazy ." Two days later Milosz was Neustadt Prize need to he watched this stage over the years , each juror' named the winner . and the news closely," lvask said in a recent inter- except lvask - who chairs each ses- media were immediately clamoring view . "Watch the Neustadt laureates, sion and is the panel's only perma- at lvask' .s door I'or intcrview ,~ , l'or watch the Neustadt candidates, and nent member - presents nave photographs of Milo :-z taken during watch the Neustadt jurors ; they are candidate lire the Neustadt award . C'oarlrriruerl on Next !'rage

1981 SPRING 19

his acceptance of the OU prize, and the greatest .' The Nobel Prize, then, forcopies of the special Milosz iss tie of confirms rather than establishes WI. T . "I think it was good exposure Czeslaw Miiosz's reputation," lint' World Literature Todav. lot' the Perhaps the distance between Neustadt Prize, and for the Univer- Norman and Stockholm is not so sity of Oklahoma," Ivask acids . great after all . What began in the late The Academy me'mhers often are 1920s and '30s as the sometimes crit- secretly amused at the rampant ical interest of 'a small OG journal in speculation which goes on each tear the annual Nobel rites has led-- over in the world press . both be litre and a half'-century of symposia, books, es- after the announcement of the re- says . juries, and awards - to a reali- cipient is made . The media invariably zation of enormous mutual respect seems disturbed that . lot' example, derived from shared interest in and neither Graham Greene . Jorge Luis understanding of the world's finest Borges . nor Guntet' Bras.; has been contemporary literature . In a fitting named, and so they harumph about culmination of this long-standing the Swedes"'inexplicable predilection connection, WLT will devote the en- for nhscure old poets who write in tire article section of its Spring 19~1 strange languages and are unknown issue to the Swedish Academy, intro- outside a small circle of poetry lovers ducing to readers the 10 literary in their own euuntrv," or some such members of that august body of' IS nonsense- and thereby, hopefully, humanizing It is undoubtedly true that fewer the Academv and its work by study- people will have heard of or read OU Preside sit Wrlliom Bano w ,sky, ing the writers behind the Nobel Milosz . Elytis . French poet Saint- right, hoses at tltc' 1980 Neustadt Prize Prize . John Pet'se $19601, or Yugoslav harrynet with Mrs . Walter Neustadt, The Academy members admittedly novelist No Andric 119611 . than will .Sr ., whose /hmil v endowed the award . are delighted and honored at the know Sitttl Bellow 11976 , Boris prospect, and their permanent secre- I'aslernak 1 195' n . Albert ('autos has long heen proclaimed around the tai- v. lairs Gyllensten has placed at 19571, or Hermann I Jesse 119461 . world . the disposal of' Ivask and the WLT However, the Academicians, like When their work is viewed in that editors extensive biobihliograpltical spirit, the Nobel Committee and the materials on all the writers to be Neustadt juries have chosen wisel y treated, Surprisingly, such an in- Car more often than not . . The litct that depth presentation has never been "The Academy's choices are their totally different, independent made outside Sweden! , In a note to selection processes occasionally lead Dr. Ivask in June 1950, following more often educative than to identical outcomes only con Ii 'ms several exchanges on the subject of' celebratory . . . viewed the integrity of' each prize and en- the proposed special Academy issue . in that spirit, the Nobel hances rather than diminishes the Gvilensten offered this tribute : "If I Committee and the Neustadt slat cite nil the honored laureates . Nest' have not said or written it before . I York Ti art's hooks editor James Atlas will take the opportunity to state my juries have chosen wisely voiced a similar sentiment in the lead opinion that WLT is one of the best- far more often than not." p;u•a grtph of his fine story on the edited and most informative literary 19x+0 Nobel winner : "The announce- publications I know ." ment of the Nobel Prize tbr Literature So- -when next October rolls has often cawed bewilderment : The around, watch for the announcement Ivask and the editors and editorial Swedish Academy is given to electing ol •t he 19NI Nobel Prize in Literature . hoard of tf'LT . are specialists who lol- writers who, however deserving, are Ivask won't guarantee that the win- low tine errtrr'r' world of literal.y activ- virtually unknown outside their own ner again will he one of "OU's writ- ity . They know of' many more countries . But the emfgre Polish poet ers ." but the chances are excellent tine writer's worthy of' the inter- ('zeslaw Milos,. . while hardly famil- that WLT will have covered the re- national attention and acclaim iar . has long possessed an interna- cipient in some fashion over the past In'ought by the \olx'l I'rize than the tional reputation among readers of few decades . And no, Ivask is not yet mere handful of luminaries annually poetry - a reputation enhanced by making predictions about future trotted out by flu' press as "leading the publication last year of 'Bells in Nobel laureates - or Neustadt contenders ." The Academy's choices Wiater, which the poet and critic laureates, tin- that matter . But the ;ire . therelirr'e, more' often edrrratrre Richard Iloward declared the work of Norman-Stockholm connection than celeht'atoryr like lire work of a great European master .' And in the should nonetheless continue to enli- W-LT and the Neustadt juries . draw- citation of the Neustadt Prize, ven many a t'esti 'e-hour conversation ing attention to lrter'ur_v esrellenrr awarded in 1978, Joseph 13rodskv in both of these out-of, the-way liter- bare mid simple'. whether it has pronounced Mr . Milosz 'one of the ary capitals - and wherever WLT is hcretnfiire gone Totally unnoticed or greatest poet .s of our time, perhaps read . 0 20 SOONER MAGAZINE