Architecture for Leisure in Postwar Europe, 1945-1989 Janina Gosseye & Hilde Heynen, eds. Proceedings of the conference: ‘Architecture for Leisure in Postwar Europe, 1945-1989’ conference organisers: scientific committee: Hilde Heynen & Janina Gosseye Tom Avermaete Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Planning Department of Architecture K.U.Leuven (Belgium), 16 - 18 February 2012 Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Maarten Delbeke Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism cover image: UGent, Belgium Dilkom swimming pool, Dilbeek design by Intercommunale Haviland s.v. Janina Gosseye courtesy of: municipal archives Dilbeek Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Planning K.U.Leuven, Belgium funded by: FWO - Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ Christoph Grafe Research Foundation - Flanders Department of Architecture www.fwo.be Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands ISBN: 978-94-6018-466-6 wettelijk depot: D/2012/7515/5 Hilde Heynen Dominique Rouillard Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Planning Department of Architecture K.U.Leuven, Belgium Ecole nationale supérieure d’architecture Paris-Malaquais, France Hannah Lewi Ruth Soenen Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning Department of Architecture The University of Melbourne, Australia Sint-Lucas School of Architecture, Belgium André Loeckx Leen Van Molle Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Planning Faculty of Arts K.U.Leuven, Belgium K.U.Leuven, Belgium Barbara Penner Faculty of the Built Environment The Bartlett, United Kingdom Friday, 17 February 2012 The Performance of Leisure / chair: Maarten Delbeke 9.00 - 9.30 susana lobo Tracing the Edge: Portugese Coastal Tourism Planning and Architecture of the 1960s 9.30 - 10.00 robert lewis Postwar Leisure and its Discontents: The Reconstruction of the Parc des Princes in Paris, 1967- ‘72 10.00 - 10.30 discussion / respondent: bruno de meulder coffee break 11.00 - 11.30 yolanda ortega sanz Structures for Leisure: Arne Jacobsen Work 11.30 - 12.00 michelle standley Tourist Spaces in the Postwar Socialist City: East Berlin’s T.V. Tower and Information Center 12.00 - 12.30 discussion / respondent: bart keunen lunch break The Ideology of Leisure / chair: Dominique Rouillard 14.00 - 14.30 stefan hebenstreit State Building Programs as Instruments for Social and Cultural Development in Rural Areas. The Establishment of Village Community Halls in Postwar Germany 14.30 - 15.00 michael klein Gemeinschaftseinrichting and Gemeindebau - Employ Communal Spaces to Stem Scarcity 15.00 - 15.30 discussion / respondent: cor wagenaar coffee break 16.00 - 16.30 jennifer mack Centrum on the Periphery: Sweden’s Welfare State, Public Space and Immigration in the 1970s 16.30 - 17.00 cristina renzoni Measuring Italian Welfare: The Debate on the Spatial Quantification of Social Services and Amenities in Postwar Italy 17.00 - 17.30 discussion / respondent: lieven de cauter 18.00 - 19.00 key-note lecture hannah lewi Saturday, 18 February 2012 The Discipline of Leisure / chair: André Loeckx 9.00 - 9.30 andreas rumpfhuber Leisure as the Extended Field of Labour An Incubator for Spare Time & the Invention of Live-long Learning 9.30 - 10.00 juan ignacio prieto lópez Jacques Polieri: Postwar Theatrical Space 10.00 - 10.30 discussion / respondent: sven sterken coffee break 11.00 - 11.30 marco di nallo Die Schule als offenes Haus. School Building and Leisure Time in Switzerland in the 1950s and 1960s 11.30 - 12.00 alexandru-rares puni & florina-georgiana gheorghica 23 August Stadium in Bucharest (1953 - 1989) 12.00 - 12.30 discussion / respondent: ruth soenen lunch break Leisure as Travel / chair: Leen Van Molle 14.00 - 14.30 ricardo agarez Local Inspiration for the Leisure of Travellers: Early Tourism Infrastructure in the Algarve (South Portugal), 1940 - 1965 14.30 - 15.00 mariusz jastrzab The Project that Went Wrong: The Construction of Inns for Motorized Tourists in Poland in the Decade of Socialist Affluence (1970s) 15.00 - 15.30 discussion / respondent: michael ryckewaert coffee break 16.00 - 16.30 stavros alifragkis & emilia athanassiou Educating Greece in Modernity: Postwar Tourism and Western Politics 16.30 - 17.00 michael zinganel Alps in Motion - Transformations of a Middle Class Paradise 17.00 - 17.30 discussion / respondent: barbara penner 18.00 - 19.00 key-note lecture tom avermaete Table of Contents Introduction: Architecture for Leisure in Postwar Europe, 1945 - 1989 — Janina Gosseye & Hilde Heynen 8 the performance of leisure Tracing the Edge: Portuguese Coastal Tourism Planning and Architecture of the 1960s — Susana Lobo 14 Postwar Leisure and its Discontents: The Reconstruction of the Parc des Princes in Paris, 1967 - 1972 — Robert Lewis 32 Structures for Leisure: Arne Jacobsen Work — Yolanda Ortega Sanz 44 Tourist Spaces in the Postwar Socialist City: East Berlin’s T.V. Tower and Information Center — Michelle Standley 58 the ideology of leisure State Building Programmes as Instruments for Social and Cultural Development in Rural Areas. The Establishment of Village Community Halls in Postwar Germany — Stefan Hebenstreit 74 Gemeinschaftseinrichting and Gemeindebau The Common Spaces in Viennese Social Housing — Michael Klein 82 Centrum on the Periphery: Sweden’s Welfare State, Public Space and Immigration in the 1970s — Jennifer Mack 92 Measuring Italian Welfare: The Debate on the Spatial Quantification of Social Services and Amenities in Postwar Italy — Cristina Renzoni 108 the discipline of leisure Leisure as the Extended Field of Labour A Paradigmatic Example of an Architecture of Immaterial Labour: Fun Palace (1962 - 1966) — Andreas Rumpfhuber 126 Jacques Polieri: Postwar Theatrical Space — Juan Ignacio Prieto López 136 Die Schule als offenes Haus School Building and Leisure Time in Switzerland in the 1950s and 1960s — Marco Di Nallo 154 leisure as travel Local Inspiration for the Leisure of Travellers: Early Tourism Infrastructure in the Algarve (South Portugal), 1940 - 1965 — Ricardo Agarez 180 The Project that Went Wrong Inns for Motorized Tourists in Poland in the Decade of Socialist Affluence — Mariusz Jastrzab 196 Educating Greece in Modernity Postwar Tourism and Western Politics — Stavros Alifragkis & Emilia Athanassiou 208 Alps in Motion Transformations of a Middle Class Paradise — Michael Zinganel 228 biographical notes 242 8 architecture for leisure in postwar europe, 1945-1989 introduction Introduction: Architecture for Leisure in Postwar Europe, 1945- 1989 Janina Gosseye & Hilde Heynen The development of the European welfare state started in the late 19th century as a reaction to processes of modernisation. It accelerated around the mid-20th century, after the massive destruction caused by two World Wars. Caught between American corporate capitalism and Soviet communism, Western Europe devised the welfare state as a specific answer to Cold War politics. This process resulted in the construction of planning institutions and new bureaucracies, facilitating the redistribution of wealth, knowledge, and political power as well as the implementation of new building programmes such as mass housing and social infrastructure. An important aspect of welfare state policies indeed had to do with housing. Policies were devised to compensate for the housing shortages that Europe was faced with after five years of construction standstill and war destruction. The latter triggered a multitude of divergent reactions in different European countries. These national housing projects have become a popular research topic for academics and researchers, who not only set out to unravel the spatial implications of these housing programmes but also to scrutinise the policies and ideologies behind them. In the context of economic growth and rising prosperity, many western European countries also outlined a set of policies designed to mitigate social antagonisms. Such policies not only targeted education, social security, and health care but also democratised the right to leisure. The European welfare state thus also gave rise to an elaborate leisure infrastructure, which complemented the massive efforts on the housing front. Between 1945 and 1989 a multitude of new collective spaces, such as cultural centres, swimming pools, sports halls, community centres, vacation villages, holiday resorts, leisure parks, etc… were constructed across (Western) Europe - many of them built with public funds. Several publications in architectural history, social history and cultural studies have focused on interesting aspects of this development. Few studies, however, have sought to link the socio-historical understanding of the development of welfare policies aimed at the elaboration of leisure infrastructure in Europe with the spatial impact of these building programmes on different scale levels: from the architectural to the urban. The collection of essays in this volume contributes to bridge this gap by focusing on the development of leisure infrastructure in different European contexts, combining architectural theory with socio- political history and cultural- and media studies, in order to develop novel insights and to broaden the knowledge about this specific aspect of the post-war welfare state. This volume is subdivided into four sections, each comprising three to four essays; architecture for leisure in postwar europe, 1945-1989 introduction 9 Contributions in the first section, The Performance of Leisure all revolve around the way in which the practice of leisure was introduced in Europe in the post-war period; how it affected architecture