ekskurzija Danska, Nemčija seminar Zorec 09 "My laboratory is the beach, the forest, the sea and seashore..". "The true innermost being of architecture can be compared with that of nature’s seed, and something of inevitability of nature’s prin- ciple of growth ought to be a fundamental concept in architecture." “On the road from the first idea - the first sketch - to the final build- ing, a host of possibilities arise for the architect and the team of engineers, contractors and artisans. Only when the foundation for the choice between the various solutions derives from the aware- ness that the building must provide the people who are to live in it with delight and inspiration do the correct solutions to the problems fall like ripe fruits.” Jørn Utzon 2 DANSKA Dansko kraljestvo (krajše le Danska) je najstarejša in najmanjša nor- dijska država, ki se nahaja v Skandinaviji v severni Evropi na polotoku vzhodno od Baltskega morja in jugozahodno od Severnega morja. Vključuje tudi številne otoke severno od Nemčije, na katero meji tudi po kopnem, in Poljske, poleg teh pa še ozemlja na Grenlandiji in Fer- skih otokih, ki so združena pod dansko krono, čeprav uživajo samou- pravo. Le četrtina teh otokov je naseljena. Danska je izrazito položna dežela. Najvišji vrh je Ejer Bavnehoj, z 173 metri nadmorske višine. Največja reka je Gudena. zanimivosti: - Danska je mati Lego kock. Njihova zgodba se je začela leta 1932 in v več kot 60. letih so prodali čez 320 bilijonov kock, kar pomeni povprečno 56 kock na vsakega prebivalca na svetu. Zabaviščni park Legoland se nahaja v mestu Billund, kjer so zgrajene različne fingure in modeli iz več kot 25 milijonov lego kock. Kraljevo geslo: “Božja pomoč, človeška - Danska je najpomembnejša ribiška država v EU. Ribiško ladjevje šteje ljubezen, danska veličina.” približno 2700 ladij. Letni ulov znaša 2.04 miljonov ton. - Danska ima v lasti 4900 otokov. kraljica: Margareta II. Danska glavno mesto: København - Najbolj znan Danec je pisatelj Hans Christian Andersen. površina: 43.094 km² število prebivalcev: 5,505,995 - Leta 1989 Danska postane prva Evropska država, ki je legalizirala valuta: danska krona istospolne zakone. državna himna: Der er et yndigt land neodvisnost: predzgodovinski čas, pred 8. - Ferski otoki so nekoč pripadali Norveški, ki pa jih je izgubila, ko je Norveški stoletjem kralj v navalu pijanosti izgubil igro pokra proti Danskemu kralju. 3 DANSKA potek ekskurzije: 1. DAN: sreda, 15.4. - odhod iz Ljubljane ob 5h zjutraj - Ljubljana-Dessau 2. DAN: četrtek, 16.4. - Dessaua-Wolfsburg - Wolfsburg-København 3. DAN: petek, 17.4. - København 4. DAN: sobota, 18.4. - København 5. DAN: nedelja, 19.4. - København-Arhus-Viborg-Aalborg 6. DAN: ponedeljek, 20.4. - Aalborg-Esbjerg-Rømø 7.DAN: torek, 21.4. - Rømø-Hamburg-Essen-Köln 8. DAN: sreda, 22.4. - Köln-Stuttgart-Ljubljana 4 DANSKA prenočišča: GRAND CITY PARKHOTEL DESSAU Sonnenallee 4, Dessau DANHOSTEL COPENHAGEN CITY H.C. Andersens Boulevard 50, København V DANHOSTEL AALBORG Skydebanevej 50, Aalborg DANHOSTEL ROMO Lyngvejen 7, Rømø HOSTEL AM RHEINAUHAFEN Rheingasse 34-36, Köln 5 DANSKA ikoni Danske arhitekture: Arne Jacobsen (1902-1971) was for several years the leading figure in Dan- ish architecture. In the 1930s, he created Functionalist major works with an interna- tional touch such as the Bellevue area as well as Stelling’s House in Copenhagen. He continued to be a leading figure of post-war Modernism, within both design and archi- tecture, with buildings such as the Minimal- ist Toms Factories (1961). Jørn Utzon (1918-2008) belongs to the organic trend within Modernism with build- ings such as his major work Sydney Op- era House (1966) and the later Bagsværd Church (1976) with its wavy concrete roof. In courtyard residential estates such as Kingohusene (1960), he merged rows of houses into the landscape and at the same time introduced new models for private and common areas. 6 HALLE Nieto Sobejano MORITZBURG MUSEUM EXTENSION 2004-2006 7 DESSAU Dessau is a town in Germany on the junc- tion of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt. Dessau is situated on a floodplain where the Mulde flows into the Elbe. This causes yearly floods. Dessau is surrounded by numerous parks and palaces that ranks Dessau as one of the greenest towns in Germany. Dessau was first mentioned in 1213. It became an important centre in 1570, when the prin- cipality of Anhalt was founded. Dessau became the capital of this state within the Holy Roman Empire. The city was almost completely destroyed by Allied air raids in World War II on March 7th, 1945 - just a few days before American troops occupied the town. Afterwards it was rebuilt with typical GDR concrete slab architecture and became a major industrial centre of East Germany. Dessau is famous for its college of architecture Bauhaus. It moved here in 1925 after it had been forced to close in Weimar. 8 DESSAU Walter Gropius BAUHAUS 1925-1926 The building consists of three parts: the Flügelbau of technical colleges (later vo- cational schools), the workshop with the well-known glass curtain wall and the stu- dio building, the canteen and residential workshops for students. Between work- shops and studio building stage auditorium is placed. Furniture and fixtures came from the workshop, the lamps were designed in the metal workshop, furniture and curtain fabrics arisen in the weaving. The building was built in one year period. There was an extensive reconstruction of the entire build- ing in 1975 and 76. 9 WOLFSBURG Wolfsburg is a city in Lower Saxony, Germa- ny. It is located on the River Aller northeast of Braunschweig (Brunswick) and is mainly notable as the headquarters of Volkswa- gen. Wolfsburg is bordered by the districts of Gifhorn and Helmstedt. The city of Wolfsburg is very young, since it was planned by the Nazis in order to build a town for the workers of the Volkswagen fac- tories. It was founded in 1938 as Stadt des KdF-Wagens (“City of the KdF Car”) around the village of Hesslingen in the District of Gifhorn. Kraft durch Freude (abbreviated KdF and meaning “strength through joy”) was the German state-controlled leisure or- ganization; one of its projects was the KdF- Wagen, which would later be known as the VW Beetle. During World War II there were also jeeps, airplanes and other military equipment built, mainly by forced workers and POWs at these factories. 10 WOLFSBURG Zaha Hadid PHAENO SCIENCE CENTRE 1998-2005 New interactive science centre in Wolfs- burg; an art museum was first planned for the site, but because of competition with successful Kunst Museum the other option was chosen. The building effectively stands on concrete stilts allowing visitors to the Autostadt to pass through without having to interfere with the workings of the build- ing. Phaeno is connected to the Autostadt via a metal bridge accessed by escalators and stairs either side. The underside of Phaeno is illuminated and the “stilts” are too. Phaeno has enjoyed high attendance and broad public acceptance since its open- ing. 11 WOLFSBURG Alvar Aalto KULTURHAUS WOLFSBURG 1962 tloris, prerez, fotografija arhitekture The design concept integrates the public li- brary, youth centre and the adult education centre. When designing the Culture Center, the Finnish architect developed the idea of a “culture park” in which to integrate a Town Hall extension and a theater. 12 WOLFSBURG Hans Scharoun WOLFSBURG MUNICIPAL THEATRE 1965-1973 The structure is composed of three ele- ments: the irregular polygon of the build- ing with the hall and stage towering above everything as well as two flat wings. In the west wing there is the administration area, and in the east wing there is an unusually long foyer zone with vast panoramic win- dows, looking to the city centre. The foyer serves the function of an exhibition room and is used for festive receptions. The path of the visitor leads through the entire lenght of this foyer zone, about 80m. One enters a narrow gate and then the lobby, a room that is unusually high and surprises the visitor with its natural light- ning. Through a large window above the gate, daylight comes into the lobby, which is part of the auditorium, as it is shown by the continuous transition of the ceiling and the central view.The lobby becomes the treshold between the imaginary site of the stage and the outside world. 13 LOLLAND Tony Fretton Fuglsang KUNSTMUSEUM 2008 Fuglsang Kunstmuseum is a purpose built museum housing a permanent collection of Danish fine art dating from the period 1780-1980. The building has the formal abstractness and romantic profile of neigh- bouring buildings and is designed to har- monise with the idyllic rural setting of the Fuglsang estate. To go to Fuglsang entails a long journey through open countryside, finally arriving on a long straight road through a loose assembly of buildings to a courtyard. The Museum extends into the fields while having a strange axial but off- set relation to the most significant of the existing buildings, the Manor House and its formal surroundings. Like the buildings around the courtyard, and many classic works of Danish modernism, the facades of the Museum are constructed from brick. As in the barn on the west side of the court, they are painted white and the roof lights are in a grey brick the colour of the roofs of the buildings around it. 14 KØBENHAVN Copenhagen (Danish: København) is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban area with a population of 1,153,615 (2008) and a metropolitan area with a population of 1,881,000 (2008). Copenha- gen is situated on the Islands of Zealand and Amager.