Searching for HMS Terror
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Ice Shelf Advance and Retreat Rates Along the Coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica K
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 106, NO. C4, PAGES 7097–7106, APRIL 15, 2001 Ice shelf advance and retreat rates along the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica K. T. Kim,1 K. C. Jezek,2 and H. G. Sohn3 Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Abstract. We mapped ice shelf margins along the Queen Maud Land coast, Antarctica, in a study of ice shelf margin variability over time. Our objective was to determine the behavior of ice shelves at similar latitudes but different longitudes relative to ice shelves that are dramatically retreating along the Antarctic Peninsula, possibly in response to changing global climate. We measured coastline positions from 1963 satellite reconnaissance photography and 1997 RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar image data for comparison with coastlines inferred by other researchers who used Landsat data from the mid-1970s. We show that these ice shelves lost ϳ6.8% of their total area between 1963 and 1997. Most of the areal reduction occurred between 1963 and the mid-1970s. Since then, ice margin positions have stabilized or even readvanced. We conclude that these ice shelves are in a near-equilibrium state with the coastal environment. 1. Introduction summer 0Њ isotherm [Tolstikov, 1966, p. 76; King and Turner, 1997, p. 141]. Following Mercer’s hypothesis, we might expect Ice shelves are vast slabs of glacier ice floating on the coastal these ice shelves to be relatively stable at the present time. ocean surrounding Antarctica. They are a continuation of the Following the approach of other investigators [Rott et al., ice sheet and form, in part, as glacier ice flowing from the 1996; Ferrigno et al., 1998; Skvarca et al., 1999], we compare the interior ice sheet spreads across the ocean surface and away position of ice shelf margins and grounding lines derived from from the coast. -
Researching the Poles His Winter’S Recent “Bomb Cyclone,” Last Several Years, in Canadian Waters
MARITIME HISTORY ON THE INTERNET by Peter McCracken Researching the Poles his winter’s recent “bomb cyclone,” last several years, in Canadian waters. That Twhich froze much of the continental exhibit is now at the Canadian Museum United States, makes this seem as good a of History through September 2018 time as any to look at sources for doing (http://www.historymuseum.ca/event/ polar research. Polar research could, of the-franklin-expedition/), and then will course, include a wide range of topics—all be at Mystic Seaport after November 2018. of which would likely have some maritime A fairly basic site at http://www. connection—but here we’ll look at a few south-pole.com/ describes many aspects that seem more emphatically maritime, of Antarctic exploration, with a particular such as scientific research and exploration. focus on letters, telegrams, documents, and Given the manner in which polar re- especially stamps, to tell these stories. Rus- gions bring nations’ borders together in sell Potter maintains an overview of many often-confusing ways, it’s not surprising Arctic expeditions and explorers at http:// that many different countries sponsor po- visionsnorth.blogspot.com/p/arctic- lar research programs. The Norwegian exploration-brief-history-of.html, and Polar Institute, at http://www.npolar.no/ has a variety of interesting additional con- en/, for instance, focuses on both poles; tent about Arctic exploration and literature. this is not a surprise, given the proximity Myriad pages honor the memory of of the North Pole, and their history of ex- Sir Ernest Shackleton, particularly sur- find the most recent literature, they do have ploration of the South Pole by Roald rounding the epic struggle and eventual earlier content and they are still available Amundsen and others. -
From Bermuda Based Siege Vessel to Arctic Explorer
From Bermuda based siege vessel to arctic explorer May 12, 2021 Not all ships earn fantastic stories filled with intrigue and mystery, in fact most ships live rather dull lives. However, the story of HMS Terror, is rich, lengthy, and tragically full of misfortune for her crew. From her early start as a siege vessel based out of Bermuda during the War of 1812 to her ill-fated polar expedition in search of the fabled Northwest Passage, the story of HMSTerror illustrates the evolving function of the Royal Navy and Bermuda’s role within that history. HMS Terror‘s story also connects two diametrically opposed locations: warm and sub- tropical Bermuda and the harsh climate of the arctic tundra. HMS Terror, Bermuda + Siege of Baltimore The Royal Naval Dockyard, which is now home to the National Museum of Bermuda, was a crucial location for the British Royal Navy’s control over the Atlantic in the 19th century, especially after the British lost their North American holdings during the American Revolution. Bermuda’s proximity to the North American East Coast made it the perfect staging location for the War of 1812. The Island was close enough to easily stage military campaigns against the US mainland while was also far enough to ensure that there was no threat of invasion from a then non-existent US Navy and provide a safe haven for the hundreds of ships and thousands of sailors to call home. In 1814 HMS Terror was established as an integral part of the fleet in Bermuda, where she participated in raids and sieges on American East Coast cities. -
Supplementary File For: Blix A.S. 2016. on Roald Amundsen's Scientific Achievements. Polar Research 35. Correspondence: AAB Bu
Supplementary file for: Blix A.S. 2016. On Roald Amundsen’s scientific achievements. Polar Research 35. Correspondence: AAB Building, Institute of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Selected publications from the Gjøa expedition not cited in the text Geelmuyden H. 1932. Astronomy. The scientific results of the Norwegian Arctic expedition in the Gjøa 1903-1906. Geofysiske Publikasjoner 6(2), 23-27. Graarud A. 1932. Meteorology. The scientific results of the Norwegian Arctic expedition in the Gjøa 1903-1906. Geofysiske Publikasjoner 6(3), 31-131. Graarud A. & Russeltvedt N. 1926. Die Erdmagnetischen Beobachtungen der Gjöa-Expedition 1903- 1906. (Geomagnetic observations of the Gjøa expedition, 1903-06.) The scientific results of the Norwegian Arctic expedition in the Gjøa 1903-1906. Geofysiske Publikasjoner 3(8), 3-14. Holtedahl O. 1912. On some Ordovician fossils from Boothia Felix and King William Land, collected during the Norwegian expedition of the Gjøa, Captain Amundsen, through the North- west Passage. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter 1, Matematisk–Naturvidenskabelig Klasse 9. Kristiania (Oslo): Jacob Dybwad. Lind J. 1910. Fungi (Micromycetes) collected in Arctic North America (King William Land, King Point and Herschell Isl.) by the Gjöa expedition under Captain Roald Amundsen 1904-1906. Videnskabs-Selskabets Skrifter 1. Mathematisk–Naturvidenskabelig Klasse 9. Christiania (Oslo): Jacob Dybwad. Lynge B. 1921. Lichens from the Gjøa expedition. Videnskabs-Selskabets Skrifter 1. Mathematisk– Naturvidenskabelig Klasse 15. Christiania (Oslo): Jacob Dybwad. Ostenfeld C.H. 1910. Vascular plants collected in Arctic North America (King William Land, King Point and Herschell Isl.) by the Gjöa expedition under Captain Roald Amundsen 1904-1906. -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2020 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2020 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 7 April 2021 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 starting in the Pacific Ocean to reach the Atlantic Oceam, but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 319 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2020 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (marked ‘cp’). -
Rather Than Imposing Thematic Unity Or Predefining a Common Theoretical
The Supernatural Arctic: An Exploration Shane McCorristine, University College Dublin Abstract The magnetic attraction of the North exposed a matrix of motivations for discovery service in nineteenth-century culture: dreams of wealth, escape, extreme tourism, geopolitics, scientific advancement, and ideological attainment were all prominent factors in the outfitting expeditions. Yet beneath this „exoteric‟ matrix lay a complex „esoteric‟ matrix of motivations which included the compelling themes of the sublime, the supernatural, and the spiritual. This essay, which pivots around the Franklin expedition of 1845-1848, is intended to be an exploration which suggests an intertextuality across Arctic time and geography that was co-ordinated by the lure of the supernatural. * * * Introduction In his classic account of Scott‟s Antarctic expedition Apsley Cherry- Garrard noted that “Polar exploration is at once the cleanest and most isolated way of having a bad time which has been devised”.1 If there is one single question that has been asked of generations upon generations of polar explorers it is, Why?: Why go through such ordeals, experience such hardship, and take such risks in order to get from one place on the map to another? From an historical point of view, with an apparent fifty per cent death rate on polar voyages in the long nineteenth century amid disaster after disaster, the weird attraction of the poles in the modern age remains a curious fact.2 It is a less curious fact that the question cui bono? also featured prominently in Western thinking about polar exploration, particularly when American expeditions entered the Arctic 1 Apsley Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World. -
ARCTIC Exploration the SEARCH for FRANKLIN
CATALOGUE THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT ARCTIC EXPLORATION & THE SeaRCH FOR FRANKLIN WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to Arctic exploration, the search for the Northwest Passage, and the later search for Sir John Franklin. It features many volumes from a distinguished private collection recently purchased by us, and only a few of the items here have appeared in previous catalogues. Notable works are the famous Drage account of 1749, many of the works of naturalist/explorer Sir John Richardson, many of the accounts of Franklin search expeditions from the 1850s, a lovely set of Parry’s voyages, a large number of the Admiralty “Blue Books” related to the search for Franklin, and many other classic narratives. This is one of 75 copies of this catalogue specially printed in color. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues: 320 Manuscripts & Archives, 322 Forty Years a Bookseller, 323 For Readers of All Ages: Recent Acquisitions in Americana, 324 American Military History, 326 Travellers & the American Scene, and 327 World Travel & Voyages; Bulletins 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Sig- nificant Sheets, 38 Images of the American West, and 39 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) The Annex Flat Files: An Illustrated Americana Miscellany, Here a Map, There a Map, Everywhere a Map..., and Original Works of Art, and many more topical lists. Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com. -
Sail from Dover DAY 9 | Romsdalsmuseet, One of Finnsnes / Senja Norway’S Largest Folk Museums
Return address Hurtigruten Ltd, Unit 1a, Commonwealth Buildings, Woolwich Church Street, SE18 5NS <T><F><S> <COMPANY> <ADDR1> <ADDR2> <ADDR3> <ADDR4> <ADDR5> <ADDR6> <ADDR7> Cust. ref.:<ACCOUNT_ID> <TOWN> <COUNTY> <Job ref>/<Cell>/<Seq. No> <ZIP> <SSC>/<Bag ID>/<Bag no.>/<MS brake> Notifi cation: We use your information in accordance with our Privacy Policy, updated June 2019. Please see www.hurtigruten.co.uk/practical-information/statement-of-privacy/ New expedition cruises 2021 | 2022 SAIL from save up to 20%* DOVER British Isles | Norway’s Northern Lights | Norway’s Arctic sunshine & Fjords | southern Scandinavia MS MAUD welcome For 127 years, Hurtigruten have been With our unique Science Center pioneers in expedition cruising, from as the beating heart of the ship, the rugged coastline of Norway and our expedition team serve as hosts, the Arctic islands, to the remote lecturers, instructors, companions continent of Antarctica. Our mission and guides as they bring to life is to deliver authentic adventures for breath-taking destinations. the naturally curious. Your health and safety is our I am thrilled to present our series top priority, and we constantly of NEW expedition cruises update our protocols and safety from Dover for 2021/22. Start guidelines, in consultation with your holiday without the stress of the Norwegian Government and a crowded airport, as we embark with local health authorities. from the beautiful cruise terminal Please book with confidence, in Dover, to discover hand-picked and for the latest information, gems on expertly-planned itineraries visit our website. visiting the British Isles, southern We can’t wait to welcome you Scandinavia and the stunning onboard MS Maud. -
The Final Days of the Franklin Expedition: New Skeletal Evidence ANNE KEENLEYSIDE,1 MARGARET BERTULLI2 and HENRY C
ARCTIC VOL. 50, NO. 1 (MARCH 1997) P. 36–46 The Final Days of the Franklin Expedition: New Skeletal Evidence ANNE KEENLEYSIDE,1 MARGARET BERTULLI2 and HENRY C. FRICKE3 (Received 19 June 1996; accepted in revised form 21 October 1996) ABSTRACT. In 1992, a previously unrecorded site of Sir John Franklin’s last expedition (1845–1848) was discovered on King William Island in the central Canadian Arctic. Artifacts recovered from the site included iron and copper nails, glass, a clay pipe fragment, pieces of fabric and shoe leather, buttons, and a scatter of wood fragments, possibly representing the remains of a lifeboat or sledge. Nearly 400 human bones and bone fragments, representing a minimum of 11 men, were also found at the site. A combination of artifactual and oxygen isotope evidence indicated a European origin for at least two of these individuals. Skeletal pathology included periostitis, osteoarthritis, dental caries, abscesses, antemortem tooth loss, and periodontal disease. Mass spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence revealed elevated lead levels consistent with previous measurements, further supporting the conclusion that lead poisoning contributed to the demise of the expedition. Cut marks on approximately one-quarter of the remains support 19th-century Inuit accounts of cannibalism among Franklin’s crew. Key words: Franklin Expedition, skeletal remains, oxygen isotope analysis, lead poisoning, cannibalism RÉSUMÉ. En 1992, on a découvert un site non mentionné auparavant, relié à la dernière expédition de sir John Franklin (1845- 1848) dans l’île du Roi-Guillaume, située au centre de l’océan Arctique canadien. Les artefacts récupérés sur ce site comprenaient des clous en fer et en cuivre, du verre, un fragment de pipe en terre, des morceaux de tissu et de cuir de chaussure, des boutons et de multiples fragments de bois éparpillés, qui pourraient venir d’un canot de sauvetage ou d’un traîneau. -
REFLECTING on FRANKLIN: MOVING FORWARD June 18, 2018, Eaton Theatre
REFLECTING ON FRANKLIN: MOVING FORWARD June 18, 2018, Eaton Theatre 9:15 AM Registration & Light Refreshments 10:05 AM Welcome Mark Engstrom, Deputy Director, Collections & Research, ROM 10:10 AM Introductory Remarks Deborah Metsger, Assistant Curator of Botany, Department of Natural History, ROM Craig Cipolla, Associate Curator of North American Archaeology, Department of World Cultures, ROM 10:20 AM The Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror Inuit Guardians Program: A Successful Collaboration and a Work in Progress Tamara Tarasoff, Project Manager for the Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site at Parks Canada Betty Kogvik, Guardian and Canadian Ranger in Gjoa Haven, Nunavut 10:45 AM Arctic Narratives Erebus and Terror: Future Voyages Adriana Craciun, Emma Metcalf Chair of Humanities at Boston University Inuit Guidance and Surviving the Arctic Reneltta Arluk, Director of Indigenous Arts at Banff Centre for the Arts Title TBD Anna Hudson, Professor in the Department of Visual Arts & Art History at York University 12:00 - 1:00 PM – Lunch Break (on own) 1:00 PM Arctic Space, Place and Heritage Piliriqatigiinniq/Ikajuqtigiinniq: Working Together for a Common Cause Barbara Okpik, Event Planner for the Umiyaqtutt Festival, Hamlet Councillor, Youth Advocate, and Inuit History Researcher Jennifer Ullulaq, Former Student Participant and Facilitator of the Nanivara Oral History Project, and Co- Founder of the Gjoa Haven Film Society Mark Stoller, PhD candidate at the University of British Columbia and former Facilitator and Director -
(TSFN): 0402917N-M AMENDED Research Report 2017 Gjoa Haven
Toward a Sustainable Fishery for Nunavummiut (TSFN): 0402917N-M AMENDED Research Report 2017 Gjoa Haven HTA and Queen’s University (Supervisor: Virginia K. Walker; M. Sc. Students: Erin Hamilton and Geraint Element; Queen’s University, Department of Biology, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6) Assessment of Water Microbial Communities and Microplastics in the Canadian Arctic’s Lower Northwest Passage (Kitikmeot Region) Section 1: Collection of Surface Water for Fish Microbiome Study Background Information Both fish slime on the scales as well as the intestines is made up of cells associated with the fish immune system as well as the microbiota or beneficial microorganisms. The microorganisms including symbiotic bacteria contribute to the health of the fish and by extension, the health of fish stocks. It is thought that the microbiomes contribute to fish well-being either through competing with harmful bacteria and therefore excluding them, or through a more complex interaction with the host immune defense response. From an academic view, it is important to characterize the microbiomes of fish to infer the functions these microbes serve to increase understanding of fish immunity, but from a practical view, knowledge of the fish microbiomes and of the waters they live in, will provide insight into the impact of climate change on fish populations that are an important food source to communities in the Northwest Passage. Accompanied by community members from Gjoa Haven, a research team sampled fish and water from fresh and saltwater sites around King William Island, Nunavut (with separate fish sampling permits and animal care permits for this aspect of the work; see application material). -
1 Archives of Natural History, 47, 147-165. Accepted Version. Robert
Archives of Natural History, 47, 147-165. Accepted version. Robert McCormick’s geological collections from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, 1839–1843 PHILIP STONE British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Scotland, UK (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: Robert McCormick (1800–1890) took part in three mid-nineteenth- century British Polar expeditions, two to the Arctic and one to the Antarctic. The latter, from 1839 to 1843 and led by James Clark Ross, is the best known. McCormick served as senior surgeon on HMS Erebus and was responsible for the collection of zoological and geological specimens. Despite the novelty and potential scientific importance of these early geological collections from Antarctica and remote islands in the Southern Ocean, they received surprisingly little attention at the time. Ross deposited an official collection with the British Museum in 1844, soon after the expedition’s return, and this was supplemented by McCormick’s personal collection, bequeathed in 1890. McCormick had contributed brief and idiosyncratic geological notes to the expedition report published by Ross in 1847, but it was not until 1899 that an informed description of the Antarctic rocks was published, and only in 1921 were McCormick’s palaeobotanical specimens from Kerguelen examined. His material from other Southern Ocean islands received even less attention; had it been utilized at the time it would have supplemented the better-known collections made by the likes of Charles Darwin. In later life, McCormick became increasingly embittered over the lack of recognition afforded to him for his work in the Polar regions.