ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHURCHILL ARCHIVES CENTRE 2016-2017

 The Director was on sabbatical from January to June 2017 and wishes to record his thanks to Natalie Adams, Sarah Lewery and Andrew Riley, who covered for him during his absence. Highlights  Following its successful pilot, the Archives Centre installed freezer storage for the preservation of its most vulnerable audio-visual materials.

 Cataloguing was completed on the papers of Professor Sir Aaron Klug.

 Cataloguing commenced on the papers of Professor Sir Robert Edwards.

 A new Records Retention Schedule was produced to help the College manage its current records.

 The Archives Centre staged a Scavenger Hunt and launched its own Twitter account.

 The Centre partnered with the University of Zurich to commemorate the anniversary of Churchill’s speech there in 1946.

 The Centre hosted a discussion on Churchill and nuclear weapons, and staged a two-day symposium on the nature of modern warfare.

New collections and accessions

The Archives Centre received the following new collections: The Archives Centre also received new accessions to the following collections:  Sir Roy Denman  Professor Sir Hermann Bondi  Srdja Djukanovic  Duff and Lady Diana Cooper  Dr Audrey Glauert  Professor Dame Athene Donald  Simon Heffer (Powell  Professor Sir Robert Edwards Associated)  Sir John Hoskyns  Hon. Peter Jay  Donald Hopson  Captain Stephen Roskill  Sir Hersch Lauterpacht  Professor Sir Joseph Rotblat  Professor Sir Martin Ryle  Lord Marples  Baroness Thatcher   Sir Frank Whittle  Romola Christopherson (Thatcher Associated)

Preservation Packaging and Storage

 A second laboratory freezer has been installed this year, after the success of last year’s pilot scheme. Some moving image films as well as film negative material have been carefully packaged into bags with humidity buffering materials and indicators.

 The main storage areas continue to provide good, cool storage for our mixed media collections all year round

 A large amount of retrospective preservation packaging has been carried out on many collections including Horsbrugh, Buist, Leeper, Willink, Clark, Colquhoun, Crooke, Lennard- Jones, De Robeck, Crawford, George Lloyd and Dingle-Foot. Packaging of Churchill (CHUR 4) and Hankey continues.

 New, specialist packaging was carried out on the artefact, photographic and slide material in the Klug papers.

 The whole of the Duncan-Sandys collection has been re-boxed following an assessment of the risks associated with over-full boxes Contents of Freezer 2. The small blue markers indicate that the humidity inside the packages is safe Preservation General

 The on-going Collections Care Risk Assessment has continued to make an impact, including: o Further electrical, plumbing and housekeeping improvements. o In depth assessments to the risks of loaning material for exhibition (there have been several loans this year) and improvements to our procedures. o A new survey of over-full boxes to enable us to tackle the problem in priority order. Model book cradle constructed for a Meitner diary prior to loan for exhibition in Wittenberg o Audio-visual digitisation in-house and externally has contributed to the preservation of audio and video tapes from numerous collections. o Collections include Powell Associated, Marples, Klug, Randolph Churchill, Churchill Associated and Churchill College.

Unusual format audio tape from the papers of Ernest Marples Conservation

 Preventive conservation has included bespoke boxes/packages for the papers of Horsbrugh, Leeper, Mary Churchill, Cockroft, Edwards, Crawford and Buist.

 More interventive work (for example, cleaning, interleaving, reattachment of prints, repairs), as well as bespoke Vulnerable pressed flowers in a Roskill boxing has been carried out on photograph album, before conservation photograph albums in the Roskill, Peter Jay and Diana Cooper papers.

 Full paper conservation work has been carried out on Julian Amery’s severely mould damaged papers (on-going for several years) and the papers of Sarah Churchill. Damaged items from the Sarah Churchill papers, requiring conservation treatment Cataloguing: The Papers of Professor Sir Aaron Klug

The cataloguing of the Klug Papers was completed by Louise Watling (348 archive boxes). For those interested in the history of electron microscopy and virus structure the collection will be an incredibly rich resource. However, there is also material which will be of immense general interest: letters and postcards from Rosalind Franklin; Francis Crick; James Watson; John Kendrew; and and topical correspondence during Klug’s time as President of the Royal Society regarding BSE; GM crops and HIV. Additionally, the Klug archive also provides a glimpse at both social and political history for the collection includes material on the ‘Refuseniks’ and Aaron Klug’s correspondents include, Norman Podhoretz the neoconservative pundit; authors Murray Carlin; Dan Jacobson and Jacqueline and Huw Wheldon. The project was funded with a grant from the Wellcome Trust. Cataloguing: The Papers of Professor Sir Robert Edwards

Cataloguing commenced on the personal papers of the late Professor Sir Robert Edwards and is expected to be completed by December 2018. The project is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust. Cataloguing: Sir

Work has now begun on cataloguing the papers of former Prime Minister Sir John Major. This is a large archive of around 900 boxes, so two archivists are working on different sections. At present, we are concentrating on the earlier part of the archive from the early 1990s, as this will be opened first under the Government’s 20-year rule for the release of official papers. So far, we have completed:  early sections of Major’s public and political papers, including correspondence with MPs, Political Office correspondence, and the papers of Major’s Parliamentary Private Secretaries.  copies of Prime Ministerial papers, including Major’s personal minutes and messages to and from Heads of Government.  Engagement files.  Press cutting albums from throughout Major’s career.  Photograph albums. Cataloguing: Mary Soames

Work on the Mary Soames Papers (probably the final archive of Churchill’s immediate family) is now drawing to a close. This year, the biggest and possibly most valuable section, that of her literary papers, consisting of nearly 100 boxes and including a good deal of original source material, has been completed, and also a large number of photographs of the Churchills, which Mary collected for use in her books. Other completed series include Mary’s speeches and visits.

Now that cataloguing is nearing completion, a project to digitise her wartime diaries (which Mary stuffed with post-it notes when she was writing her own memoirs, which makes them extremely difficult to use without damage) is about to begin.

Box of Mary’s diaries, bristling with post-it notes and providing a challenge for conservation!

Cataloguing: the Soundscriber discs

These are a series of over 50 unusual early recordings of Sir , made on rather odd looking small green discs using an American Soundscriber machine. These recordings were mainly made by Churchill himself while dictating his war memoirs in the late 1940s, but also include rare recordings of two of his best-known post war speeches: his speech at the Waldorf Astoria, New York, in March 1946, “The Darkening International Scene”, and a second speech given at MIT, Boston, in March 1949, "The twentieth century - its promises and its realisation”. Rare as these are, the private recordings of the war memoirs done at Chartwell are even more unique, and you hear Churchill pacing, coughing, blowing his nose, and talking to his staff. Until recently, we didn’t really have a very detailed idea of what was on these discs, but as part of a survey of our audio-visual material the recordings were identified and then digitised. Within the archives we also have supporting correspondence with the Soundscriber Corporation and Discavox Dictating Machine Company, who supplied the recording equipment, and in Mary Soames’s papers, which are currently being catalogued, an account by the sound engineer of the challenges he faced when setting the Soundscriber machine up for Churchill! Records Management & College Archive

  Gillian Booker, the College Records A variety of new accessions have Manager, focussed on the creation of a come into the College Archive from comprehensive records retention College departments and also from

schedule for the College. This current students, alumni, fellows and document will help the College to other donors. Recently catalogued manage the retention and disposal of records include: College Council its records in accordance with legal minutes and papers; JCR Committee and regulatory requirements and with records; spring ball posters; obituaries; due consideration of the operational matriculation photographs, and oral and historical value of such records to history recordings. Among the more the College. Implementation of the unusual items to have been catalogued schedule is due to begin in recently was a special edition of the autumn/winter 2017. new polymer five pound note featuring Sir Winston Churchill. The photo shows the bank note being presented to the College by the Director for

Banknotes and Chief Cashier at the Bank of , Victoria Cleland, and has a serial number bearing the year of the College’s foundation.

The British Diplomatic Oral History Programme

Abbey Wright and her ever-expanding team of volunteers are continuing to steam ahead with interviews for the BDOHP. Interviews which have been released this year include:

 Sir Francis Richards KCMG CVO DL: Director (Europe), FCO, 1995-97; Deputy Under-Secretary of State, FCO, 1997-98; Director, GCHQ, 1998-2003; Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Gibraltar, 2003-06. Completed July 2016.  Sir Nicholas Bayne KCMG: Ambassador and UK Permanent Representative to OECD, Paris, 1985-88; Deputy Under-Secretary of State, FCO, 1988-92; High Commissioner to , 1992-96. Completed August 2016.  Sir Graham Fry KCMG: Head, Far Eastern Dept, FCO, 1993-95; Director, Northern Asia and Pacific, FCO, 1995-98; High Commissioner, , 1998-2001; Deputy Under-Secretary of State, FCO, 2001-03; Director General, Economic, FCO, 2003- 04; Ambassador to Japan, 2004-08. Completed September 2016.  Sir Roger Tomkys KCMG: Ambassador to , 1981-84; to Syria, 1984-86; Assistant Under Secretary of State and Principal Finance Officer, FCO, 1987-89; Deputy Under Secretary of State, FCO, 1989-90; High Commissioner, , 1990-92. Completed November 2016.  William Fullerton CMG: Ambassador to Somalia, 1983-87; Governor of the Falkland Islands, 1988-92; High Commissioner, British Antarctic Territory, 1988-89; Ambassador to Kuwait, 1992-96; Ambassador to Morocco and Mauritania, 1996-99. Completed March 2017.  Sir Colin Budd KCMG: Chef de Cabinet to Sir , Vice President of EC, 1993–96; Deputy Secretary, Cabinet Office, 1996–97; Deputy Under-Secretary of State, FCO, 1997–2001; Ambassador to the , 2001–05. Completed April 2017.  Sir Brian Fall GCVO KCMG: Director, Cabinet, Secretary-General of NATO, 1984-86; Assistant Under-Secretary of State (Defence), FCO, 1986-88; Minister, Washington, 1988-89; High Commissioner to Canada, 1989-92; Ambassador to Russian Federation, 1992-95; British Government Special Representative for the South Caucasus, 2002-12. Completed June 2017.  Lord Ricketts GCVO GCMG: Deputy Political Director, FCO, 1997-99; Director, International Security, FCO, 1999-2000; Chairman, Joint Intelligence Committee, Cabinet Office, 2000-01; Political Director, FCO, 2001-03; UK Permanent Representative to NATO, 2003-06; Permanent Under-Secretary of State and Head of Diplomatic Service, 2006-10; National Security Advisor, 2010-11; Ambassador to France, 2012-16. Completed June 2017.

Additions to the Roskill Library Charmley, John Churchill's grand alliance : the Anglo-American special relationship 19 Plevy, Harry Norway 1940 : chronicle of a chaotic campaign Luther! : 95 treasures, 95 people : book to accompany the national spe Jackson, Geoffrey, Sir, 1915- Clandy Gault, Hugh Kingsley Wood : scenes from a political life 1925-1943 Born, Gustav V. R Erinnerungen = Reminiscences Jenkins, Kate Politicians and public services : implementing change in a clash of cult Kelly, Stephen A failed political entity' : Charles Haughey and the Northern Ireland q Fantini, Bernardino DNA : il grande libro della vita da Mendel alla genomica Rall, Jack A Nobel laureate A.V. Hill and the refugee scholars, 1933-1945 Churchill, Randolph S The Churchill documents. Vol. 19 Holmes, K. C. (Kenneth Charles) Aaron Klug : a long way from Durban : a biography Dudley, Jonathan Winston, Churchill, & me : a memoir of childhood 1944-1950 Four Freedoms Park Conservancy Discover the legacy : the life, times, and vision of Franklin D. Rooseve Lehrman, Lewis E. Churchill, Roosevelt & company : studies in character and statecraft Cannadine, David, 1950- : a life and legacy Ford, Lesley Cambridge and the Jewish refugee crisis 1938-39 : "We must save the Jago, Michael, 1946- Robin Butler : at the heart of power from Heath to Blair Rifkind, Malcolm, 1946- Power and pragmatism : the memoirs of Malcom Rifkind Bew, John Citizen Clem : a biography of Attlee Sleigh, Charlotte Scientific governance in Britain, 1914-79 Clarke, Kenneth Kind of blue : a political memoir Bertrand, Christophe Guerres secrètes Toye, Richard, 1973- Winston Churchill : politics, strategy and statecraft Thomàs, Joan Maria Estados Unidos, Alemania, Gran Bretaña, Japón y sus relaciones con Es Marsh, Richard C. Churchill and Macaulay Marsh, Richard C. Young Winston Churchill and the last Victorian church of England anti- Roberts, Andrew, 1963- The Saintsbury oration : the drinking life of Sir Winston Churchill Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965 The wicked wit of Winston Churchill Marples, Ernest, 1907- The road to prosperity : an industrial policy Asbury, Jonathan Secrets of Churchill's War Rooms Day, Robin, Sir, 1923- ...But with respect : memorable interviews with statesmen and parlia Ahmed, Haroon Cambridge Engineering Lysaght, Charles Churchill and the Irishman : the unbelievable life of Brendan Bracken Soames, Arthur Responsibility without power : the prerogative of Britain's policy of de Klos, Felix Churchill on Europe : the untold story of Churchill's European project Gut, Philipp, 1971- Champagner mit Churchill Espada, João Carlos The Anglo-American tradition of liberty : a view from Europe Grant Duff, Shiela, 1913- The parting of ways : a personal account of the thirties Watson, Alan Churchill's legacy : two speeches to save the world Rutherford, Ernest, 1871-1937 The collected papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson. Vol. 2 Rutherford, Ernest, 1871-1937 The collected papers of Lord Rutherford of Nelson. Vol. 3 Kapitza, P. L. (Petr Leonidovich), 189Collected papers of P.L. Kapitza. Vol. 2 Roskill, Stephen Wentworth Naval policy between the wars. I, The period of Anglo-American antag Roskill, Stephen Wentworth Naval policy between the wars. II, The period of reluctant rearmamen How many visitors do we get?

2015- 2016- 2016 2017 Existing readers 128 109 New Number of readers visiting readers 386 385 Churchill Archives Centre Total 600 readers 514 494

500

400

300 New readers Existing readers 200

100

0 2015-2016 2016-2017

Daily Visits to the Reading Room

July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June 2015- 2016 133 101 110 130 98 77 85 107 127 114 117 144 2016- 2017 143 125 108 139 131 79 94 84 130 101 134 114

2015-16 2016-17 Visits 1343 1382

Daily visits to the reading Daily visits to the reading room by month room by month 160 160 140 140 120 120 100 100 80 80 2015-2016 60 60 40 40 2016-2017 20 20 0 0 Where do our researchers come from?

UK European US/Canadian Other Joint Not given 2016-2017 325 48 62 33 7 19

Nationalities of readers using the Archives Centre 2016-2017

UK European US/Canadian Other Joint Not given

How are our collections being used? *Excludes the use of the Churchill Papers Collection (now accessed on-line)

Thatcher Papers THCR 1122 Top 10 collections by reader THCR Papers AMEL 346 80 Powell Papers POLL 307 AMEL 70 Kinnock Papers KNNK 306 AMEJ Julian Amery Papers AMEJ 262 60 KNNK Sandys Papers DSND 248 50 POLL Mitrokhin Papers MITN 188 40 HLSM Born Papers BORN 151 30 DSND Noel-Baker Papers NBKR 142 NBKR 20 Hoskyns Papers HOSK 139 ACAD 10 HNKY Top 10 collections by files issued 0 THCR 1200 Thatcher Papers THCR 75 AMEL Leo Amery Papers AMEL 56 1000 POLL Julian Amery Papers AMEJ 54 Kinnock Papers KNNK 32 KNNK 800 Enoch Powell Papers POLL 29 AMEJ Hailsham Papers HLSM 27 600 DSND Duncan Sandys Papers DSND 25 MITN Noel-Baker Papers NBKR 25 400 Cadogan Papers ACAD 24 BORN Hankey Papers HNKY 24 200 NBKR Clementine Churchill Papers CSCT 22 HOSK Duff-Cooper Papers DUFC 21 0 N.B. 12 collections listed in total as some have the same total How many files have we issued?

2015- 2016- 2016 2017 Number of files issued 7686 8022

Number of files issued to readers 9000

8500

8000

7500

7000

6500

6000

5500

5000 2015-2016 2016-2017 How many remote enquiries have we dealt with?

Remote Enquiries 2016-2017

Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Total Postal 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 3 1 0 0 3 13 Tel 27 36 49 35 37 27 37 35 42 28 36 26 415 Email 87 83 120 133 139 59 119 117 167 124 106 164 1418

160

140

120

100

80 Postal Tel 60 Email 40

20

0 Archives By-Fellows

Michaelmas Term 2016 Lent/ Easter 2017

 Dr Sally Bruce-  Dr Stephen Kelly Lockhart (Margaret Thatcher and (researching notions of Ireland) preservation of built and  Dr Irina Bystrova landscape heritage) (Lend-Lease during the  Mr Andrew Lownie Second World War) (Lord Mountbatten)

User Survey: The Results

 We received 100 responses in total.  Mainly extremely positive feedback about the Reading Room facilities and service: “practically perfect in every way- like Mary Poppins”  The most frequent comments were:  Temperature of the Reading Room being too cold  Request for pencils on desks  Request for a water cooler within closer proximity to the Reading Room 85% of our users said We have acknowledged all of this they did not know about feedback and implemented changes the Wolfson Foyer. which have all been detailed in a blog In response we have post: improved signage in the https://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/news/201 Reading Room and will 7/aug/8/practically-perfect-every-way/ actively promote via Social Media.

Media coverage: opening the Thatcher papers

 The Thatcher papers for 1986 were opened in January 2017. Margaret Thatcher’s isolation over the Westland crisis and the US bombing of Libya – as well as fears about the standards of her driving –were among the subjects revealed within 40,000 pages of her papers opened for the first time. The release included material on the dramatic resignation of (the “MH” recorded by Thatcher on her Cabinet notes).

Key extracts were again made available online on the website of the Margaret Thatcher Foundation. Websites and Social Media: The Churchill Archive On-line

The Churchill Papers are now accessed on-line, both within the Churchill Archives Centre and at 44 other subscribing institutions worldwide (38 last year). As expected, there was a healthy use of the collection at Churchill Archives Centre (both by researchers and staff). The digital images of the Churchill Papers themselves are kept behind a paywall, but we also have information about the interest in the site and global usage of the content which is in front of the paywall from the Google Analytics data shown in the table to the right. A significant proportion of this usage is generated through online exhibitions and promotion through social media. Behind the paywall, COUNTER 4 statistics record usage of the collection. COUNTER 4 figures represent the number of times users have accessed the content (images of the Churchill Papers plus secondary material) behind the paywall. Note that reporting is at file level (and most files in the collection comprise several hundred images). So if a user, within a single session, clicks on several documents within a file, this will only be recorded as a single access event (i.e. 1). Similarly, the reports can’t tell us anything about how long a user has spent on a particular page (or within a particular file) or the number of searches users have carried out. st th COUNTER 4 statistics show total usage of 17298 (9004 last year), of which 3082 Churchill 1 July 2016 – 30 (1365 last year) is usage at Churchill Archives Centre. Archive June 2017 Sessions 37,130 Bloomsbury have updated the site this year, making it easier for users to find the Users 25,332 secondary materials which have been commissioned to support and enhance the use of Pageviews 207,898 the collections. This year materials have been added on Churchill and the General Strike, Pages/ 5.60 Churchill and America and Churchill and Europe. The site also features a document Visit every month (see illustration, top right) and these features have been used to make links Avg. time 00:05:04 with anniversaries and current events. on site New visits 67.55%

Article in the TES (circulation 58,000) linking to Churchill Websites and Social Media: Archive for Schools Guide to using Primary Sources Churchill Archive for Schools

Pitched at secondary school students, Churchill Archive for Schools is published by Bloomsbury Academic and is freely available to students worldwide. The site content has further expanded this year and has been written by expert teachers drawing on a range of primary sources from the Churchill Papers. The investigations are designed to encourage students to develop their research skills and engage with the documents. Over 1932 schools have now signed up to use the site and a detailed breakdown of usage statistics is included below.

Churchill Archive 1st July 2016 – 30th June 2017 for Schools Sessions 20,751 Users 16,528 Pageviews 44,816 Pages/ Visit 2.16 Avg. time on site 00:02:06 New visits 79.42%

The site has been updated this year, with revised labelling and signposting to assist teachers in mapping the content to the curriculum. We have also included new investigations (League of Nations, Pearl Harbor and the special relationship) plus additional information about study skills and using primary sources which have proved popular. Together, the Churchill Archive and the Churchill Archive for Schools sites help us to take the Churchill Papers to a larger audience. The figures below show the combined use of both sites:

Overall 2016/17 2015/16 2014/15 Sessions 57,881 49,511 26,462 Users 41,860 33,831 15,198 Pageviews 252,714 233,207 183,144 Pages/ Visit 4.37 3.79 7 Avg. time on site 00:04.00 00:03:40 00:06:38 New visits 71.81% 69.81% 56.62% Social Media

 The first tweet from the @ChuArchives account was in November 2016  Since then the account has gained around 430 followers.  The Centre has tweeted on various topics including, new collections, events, significant dates (e.g. anniversaries).

Website and blog news

The Archives Centre website continues to expand in various directions. Changes this year include a whole new FAQs section, devoted to everything we think our visitors might want to know, and a new page dedicated to the growing list of our digitised collections. As for our blog, we have put up 28 entries this year, on subjects including:  anniversaries, such as the centenary of the Battle of the Somme, July 2016, and an event in Zurich to celebrate the 70th anniversary of Churchill’s of Europe speech, September 1946  the work of the conservators, particularly the installation of a freezer to store delicate audio-visual material  displays including Olympics of the past, to coincide with the Rio Olympics in August 2016, College Spring Balls and 2017’s General Election  favourite collections, including the geologist and explorer Ralph Bagnold, Maurice Hankey, first of the Cabinet Secretaries, diarist William Bull, and diplomat (and canasta player) Sir Alexander Cadogan  The completion of the catalogues to the papers of the biophysicist Sir Aaron Klug and Sarah Churchill  The opening of Baroness Thatcher’s 1986 papers  Papers in the archives celebrating women at Churchill, including the work of the sculptor Barbara Hepworth, as featured in the College grounds, and women scientists in the archives

Exhibition Loans

The Archives Centre welcomes the opportunity to share its collections with a wider audience through loans to temporary exhibitions. This year we have lent documents to the following exhibitions:

Cambridge University Library, Lines of Thought: Discoveries that Changed the World, 11 March-30 September 2016

Victoria and Albert Museum, Engineering the World: Ove Arup and the Philosophy of Total Design, 18 June-6 November 2016

Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome, DNA. The Great Book of Life from Mendel to Genomics, 10 February-18 June 2017

Augusteum, Wittenberg, Luther! 95 Treasures – 95 People 13 May-5 November 2017

In addition, documents from the National Trust’s Photograph of Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn in their laboratory at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in Berlin-Dahlem, 1913 (MTNR 8/4/1). Chartwell Manuscripts Collection have been loaned One of Lise Meitner’s pocket diaries is currently on display in the exhibition to the Musée Naval de Québec, 20 June-31 October 2017 Luther! 95 Treasures - 95 People in Wittenberg.

Commemoration of Zurich Speech

Let Europe Arise!  On 19 September 1946, Winston Churchill made a famous speech in the Aula Magna of the University of Zurich, in which he preached Franco-German reconciliation (less than 18 months after the end of the war in Europe), and called for the creation of “a kind of United States of Europe”, ending his remarks with the clarion call “Let Europe Arise”.

 On Monday 19 September 2016, the Churchill Archives Centre was proud to partner with the History Faculty and the Europa Institut at the University of Zurich in organising a commemorative symposium. It focused on the significance of Churchill’s words at the time of delivery, and their relevance to the more recent debates about Brexit and the challenges facing Europe today.

 The afternoon event brought together experts Bridget Kendall, Felix Klos, Lord (Charles) Powell, David Reynolds, Andrew Roberts, Laura Sandys, Werner Vogt and Lord (Alan) Watson, and ended with the resonant Mr Randolph Churchill in the hall where his great grandfather image of Randolph Churchill speaking from the same delivered the Zurich speech podium that his great grandfather had used. The historical discussion was then followed by an evening event organised by the Europa Institut featuring presentations by the Swiss President, Johann Schneider-Ammann, and the President of the , Jean-Claude Juncker.

School Visits

The Archives Centre has hosted a number of school visits this year: from the University’s Insight programme (15 year 11 students); the Red Balloon Centre; Redborne Upper School (30 year 13s); Longsands Academy (10 yr 12s); Oakwood Park Grammar School (9 yr 10 and 12 students) and Chesterton Community College (14 yr 10 students).

The visits have been a valuable opportunity for the Archives Centre to work in support of the college’s agenda for admissions and widening participation and to encourage the students to gain confidence in interpreting primary sources.

"The day itself was interesting as I learnt the differences between colleges regarding accommodation and travelling. I prefer Churchill to Queens' personally, as it is more modern, you can walk on the grass (the importance of which only becomes aware when it is distinctly lacking), and the staff were exceedingly kind about not imposing any one way of learning on you, enabling your individual freedom. Plus Churchill has the archive, which was incredible."

Events at Churchill College

What is War today? Symposium presented by the Churchill and Nuclear Weapons: From the A-Bomb Churchill Archives Centre. to the H-Bomb 22–23 November 15 November 2016

This two day symposium, brought together speakers from the worlds of academia, the military, politics and international diplomacy to debate the nature of war today. It was made

possible by the generosity of alumnus Michael Lewis.

The Archives Centre was honoured to host a discussion between the two foremost experts in this area, Dr Graham Farmelo (author of Churchill’s Bomb) and Professor Kevin Ruane (author of Churchill and the Bomb), chaired by Dr Helen Curry. This evening event explored Churchill’s role in developing nuclear weapons, and in authorising the use of the atomic bomb. It looked at how his views changed over time in response to the Cold War and the terrible destructive power of the H-Bomb.

Fresher’s Scavenger Hunt

 On Wednesday 5 October the Archives Centre launched its first Fresher’s Scavenger Hunt.  51 students took part.  New students worked in teams to solve rhymes, riddles and puzzles that took them all over the College.  It was designed to provide students with an introduction to the College site, its history, and the collections of the Archives Centre. Special Visits

 2 Jul Alumni Association Weekend  14 Jul Insight Schools Visit  29 Jul Institute for Continuing Education  25 Aug Hayek Society  19 Sep Cambridge Assessment  17 Oct King’s College London student group  21 Oct School visit  18 Nov College Historians  21 Nov General Sir Peter & Lady de la Billière  5 Dec Talk by Lord Watson of Richmond  5 Jan William Harris & Kirsten Carter, FDR Library  26 Jan Politics MPhil group  1 Mar Family of Professor Sir Robert Edwards  6 Mar Strand Group, King’s College London  8 Mar International Women’s Day (presentation by Natalie Adams)  9 Mar Gynaecological Visiting Society  27 Mar Oxbridge Academy students  30 Mar Gill Webber & colleagues, Imperial War Museum  12 Apr Mr Leo Amery  20 Apr HE Sylvie Bermann, French Ambassador to the UK  24 Apr Oakwood Park Grammar School  4 May Cambridge Library group  11 May Richard & Susan Hauck (retired astronaut)  17 May Kings College London student group  30 May Colquhoun family  31 May Geriatricians group visit  20 Jun Brooks Club Library Committee Reading Room Displays: ‘Art in the Archives’

Clementine Churchill’s ‘cat- signature’, 1908 Clementine Spencer-Churchill Papers, CSCT 1/1/12. Reproduced with permission of the Master and Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge.

Oscar Nemon, with his bust of Sir Winston Churchill, and Churchill's bust of him, both sculpted during sittings at Chartwell Photo taken by Falcon Stuart the sculptor's son and used by permission of the Nemon Estate. Nemon Papers, 4/3.

Inspired by a visit to Winston Churchill’s former studio at Chartwell, this display showcased the archive’s artistic treasures. It was exhibited in the Reading Room and revealed the artistic output of Winston Churchill and other public figures of 20th century politics, science and military. Some of the items selected for the display will feature in an article of the ARC magazine’s October issue. Smaller Displays: ‘Britain Decides’

An exhibition looking at election ephemera from the 1900s to the 1990s was on display outside the Dining Hall during the weeks leading up to the 2017 general election. Smaller Displays: ‘Women in Science’

Athene Donald at work in the , c. late 1990s © Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge

Rosalind Franklin at work in a laboratory, 1954 © Henry Grant Collection/Museum of London

A display created in celebration of Women in Science and International Women’s Day. The display used material from the Meitner Papers, the Franklin Papers, the Donald Papers and the Thatcher Papers.

Smaller Displays: ‘The Great Churchill Archives Centre Bake Off’

An exhibition revealing the ‘sweet’ treasures held at the Churchill Archives Centre. It was shown outside the Dining Hall, coinciding with the 2016 ‘Great British Bake Off’ finale. Finance

 In the College financial year 2016/17 , the Churchill Archives Centre incurred operating costs of £564,200. Staff costs comprised the largest element, at just under £415,000, with £46,595 spent on utilities and services, £28,965 on legal fees, £16,466 on insurance, £10,286 on digitisation, and £7,430 on conservation.

 This expenditure was met by income from endowment funds (£440,433), donations (£20,729), income from services provided (£22,683), in grants from philanthropic trusts (£60,354), and by a College grant (£20,000).

Development

• The Archives Centre continued to work with the School of Humanities, the History Faculty, the College and University Development Offices and Cambridge in America, on plans to raise endowment funding for a Churchill Chair in Modern British History and Policy. The campaign includes funding for a related Fellowship at Churchill College and additional support for archives programmes.

• During the year 2016/17, the Archives Centre received donations of £35,527 into the Friends Fund, £29,132 for the Churchill Chair appeal, and £35,558 for cataloguing projects.

Staff and Volunteers

The Archives Centre thanks the following volunteers for their valuable  Mr Allen Packwood (Director) contribution to our work this year:

 Ms Natalie Adams (Senior Archivist) • Lennie Chalmers (recent graduate of University of the  Arts) ongoing Conservation volunteer. Ms Gillian Booker (Records Manager & College Archivist) until June 17 • Philippa Le Grand (prospective student of the University of  Ms Sophie Bridges (Archivist) Sheffield) 4 August, 25 August and 1 September 2016.  Ms Heidi Egginton (Archives Assistant) • Elizabeth Murray-Smith (recent graduate of Anglia Ruskin  Mrs Amanda Jones (Archives Administrator) University and student on the Archives and Records Management from May 17 programme at the University of Dundee) 8-12 August 2016 and 20 April 2017 to date.  Ms Jana Kostalikova (Conservation Assistant) • Matilda Burn (recent graduate of the University of York) 26-30  Mrs Paula Laycock (Records Officer) September 2016.

 Ms Sarah Lewery (Conservator) • Max Aylmer (Sixth Form student) 3-7 October 2016.  Miss Samantha Richards (Archives Administrator) November 16 – April 17 • Zachary Huggins (recent graduate of Anglia Ruskin University) 14- 18 November 2016.  Mr Andrew Riley (Senior Archivist)  Miss Natasha Swainston (Archives Assistant) • Irma Cechladze (student of Churchill College, Cambridge) 3 and 8 May 2017.  Miss Julia Schmidt (Archives Assistant) from September 2016 • Simon Koenigsdorff (student of Heidelberg University and  Miss Katharine Thomson (Archivist) participant in the European Liberal Arts Network exchange programme with the University of Bristol) 19-23 June 2017.  Ms Louise Watling (Archivist)

Trusts and Committees

 The Sir Winston Churchill Archive Trust The Churchill Archives Committee (SWCAT): Owns and administers the Churchill Papers collection on behalf of the Nation.  Dr Adrian Crisp (Chairman) Chair: Dr Alice Prochaska  Charity Commission Charity number 1045646  Professor Christopher Andrew  Sir John Boyd KCMG  The Margaret Thatcher Archive Trust (MTAT):  Dr Helen Curry Owns and administers the Thatcher Papers  Professor David Edgerton collection  Professor Mark Goldie Chair: Sir Julian Seymour, CBE  Professor Melissa Hines  Charity Commission Charity number 1061822  Mr Sam Jelley  Dr Frank King  The Churchill College Archives Trust (CCAT): Administers an endowment fund supporting the work  Dr Sean Lang of the Archives Centre  Mr Anthony Layden CMG Chair: The Master of Churchill College  Professor Simon Laughlin FRS  Charity Commission Charity number 273633  Dame Norma Major DBE  Mr Allen Packwood Follow links to Charity Commission website  Professor David Reynolds FBA http://www.charitycommission.gov.uk/find- charities for  Miss Clara Tang further information, names of Trustees and reports,  Dr Pieter van Houten or ask Director of the Archives Centre