DOCSLIB.ORG

Tactical Military Deception

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tactical Military Deception Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1985 Tactical military deception. Van Vleet, John Anton http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21578 /Vj lo Q J 6 t-^ w \p- h - \i La * i<r (5 *) i^ v) O^ S ^ DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY. CALIFORNIA 93943 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS TACTICAL MILITARY DECEPTION by John Anton Van Vleet » September 1985 Thesis Advisor: K. Herbig Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited 12 c 6 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PACE (Whan Data Entered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Master's Tactical Military Deception Thesis; September 1985 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHORC*; B. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERS.) John Anton Van Vleet 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK AREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93943-5100 II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Naval Postgraduate School September 1985 Monterey, California 93943-5100 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 259 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft ADDRESSf/f different from Controlling Oltlce) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (ol this report) UNCLASSIFIED !5a. DECLASSIFICATION DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot thla Report) Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abatract entered In Block 20. II dlltarent from Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WOROS (Continue on reveree elde It neceeearv and Identity by block number) Deception; Surprise; Decision-Making; Operations Security; Electronic Warfare; Stratagem 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on ravaraa alda 11 nacaaaary and Identity by block number) This is a study of deception in military operations with em- phasis on the Army division level. The thesis is developed from empirical data, fundamental processes, and decision-making proc- esses. It is a comprehensive analysis of the battlefield decep- tion process and is a basic guide to deception planning. The thesis formulates a theory for operational military de- ception as an extension of the pioneering work of Barton Whaley. FORM EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE DD I JAN 73 1473 S'N 0102- LF- 014- 6601 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Snra-- SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Dim Bntara4) Whaley's deception data base is analyzed to show trends in oper- ational deception. These trends are combined with pertinent elements of game, communication, organization, and systems theory as well as decision-making and perceptual and cognitive processes. As a result of this study, the author presents conclusions and recommendations on how deception might be better applied to sup- port U.S. Army division operations. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfWh.n Data Entarad) Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited Tactical Military Deception by John Anton Van Vleet Major, United States Ariry 3.S., United States Military Academy, iy?4 S'jtrri t ted in partial fulfillirent of tne requirements for the degree of MASTER CF SCIENCJ. IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (Electronic Warfare) from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL September 1985 A3STRACT This is a study of deception in military operations with errphasis on the Army division level. The thesis is developed from empirical data, fundarrental processes, and decision- making processes. It is a comprehensive analysis of the battlefield deception process and is a basic guide to decep- tion planning. The thesis formulates a theory for operational military deception as an extension of the pioneering work of Barton Whaley. Whaley 's deception data base is analyzed to show trends in operational deception. These trends ere combined with rertlnent elements of game, communication, organisation, and systems theory as well as decision-making and perceptual and cognitive processes. As a result of this study, the author presents conclusions and recommendations on how deception might be better applied to support U.S. Army division operations. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 12 II. DECEPTION IN GENERAL 14 A. PROPOSITIONS ON MILITARY DECEPTION 14 3. STRATEGIC VERSUS TACTICAL IECEPTION 21 III . BACKGROUND 23 A. FORCE EFFECTIVENESS AND SURPRISE 24 E. SURPRISE AND DECEPTION 25 C. ECONOMICS OF DECEPTION 27 D. TFE GENERAL STAFF SYSTEM AND DECEPTION 28 E. TFE 33 AS TKI DECEPTION PLANNER 32 IV. TACTICAL DECEPTION GUIDANCE 34 A. DECEPTION PLAN EXAMPLE 34 3. EXECUTION AND RESULTS 37 C. SUMMARY 43 D. TEE NEED FOR ANALYSIS OF TACTICAL DECEPTION 44 V. THEORETICAL APPROACHES 46 A. COMMUNICATIONS THEORY 45 B„ ORGANIZATION THEORY 56 C. SYSTEMS THEORY €2 D. GAME THEORY AS PART OF DECISION THEORY 66 E. PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES S0 F. DECISION MAKING b3 G. TRANSITION 101 VI. CAST EISTCRY ANALYSTS 103 A. DATA 104 3. CPITERIA 106 C. ANALYSIS OF DECEPTION EFFECTIVENESS 108 D. ANALYSIS OF OPTIMAL DECEPTION PRACTICES 142 E. SUMMARY 169 VII. CONCLUSIONS 184 A. IMPORTANCE OF PAST USE OF DECEPTION 184 E. FUTUPE IMPORTANCE OF OPERATIONAL DECEPTION 185 C. OPTIMAL DECEPTION PRACTICES : 186 D. INTEGRATION OF TEE OPERATIONS PLAN AND TEE DECEPTION PLAN 200 E. SPECIFIC CONCLUSIONS 206 VIII. RECOMMENDATIONS 212 A. ALTERNATIVE OBJECTIVES MODEL FOR OPERATION'S 212 E. DECEPTION PLANNING AND EXECUTION BY A U.S. ARMY DIVISION 228 C. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS 24^ AFPFNDIX A. LISTS CF RATTLES FROM TEE DATA EASE 242 A. LIST A: CASES OF STRATEGIC SURPRISE AND/CR DECEPTION 242 E. LIST E: CASES CF TACTICAL SURPRISE AND/OR DECEPTION 244 C. LIbT C: TACTICAL CASES NOT INVOLVING SURPRISE OR DECEPTION 246 LIST CF REFERENCES 249 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 258 LIST OF TABLES 1 - SURPRISE ANT RESULTS OF BATTLE 25 2 - SURPRISE AND CASUALTIES 26 3 - DECISION ENVIRONMENTS AN! CRITERIA 71 4 - TWO-PERSON, ZERO-SUM GAMS MATRIX 72 5 - COMMANDER'S ESTIMATE GAME MATRIX 73 5 - USE OF DECEPTION AND ACHIEVING SURPRISE 108 7 - tactical deception and surprise let 8 - tactical mission effects on surprise AND EFCEPTICN 109 S - LIST A STRATEGIC SURPRISE AND DECEPTION CASES OVER TIME 110 10 - LIST B TACTICAL SURPRISE AND DECEPTION CASES OVER TIME 111 11 - SURPRISE ANT PECEFTICN OVER TIME 111 12 - EFFECT OE DECEPTION USED BY THE OFFENSE 115 13 - PROBABILITY OF OFFENSIVE OVERWHELMING VICTORY lie 14 - RESULTS CI DECEPTION FAILURE 117 15 - EFFECT Gi DECEPTION ON THE DEFENSE lib 16 - FORCE USED TO GAIN OBJECTIVES AETER WW I 127 17 - ACHIEVEMENT VERSUS FCRCFS AKE CASUALTIES — 123 18 - ENVIRONMENT VERSUS FORCES AND CASUALTIES 129 19 - DECEPTION VERSUS FORCES ANT CASUALTIES 131 20 - ACHIEVEMENT VERSUS FORCE EFFECTIVENESS 132 21 - FCRCFS AND CASUALTY RATIOS (OVERWHELMING VICTOFY) 133 22 - FORCES AN! CASUALTY RATIOS (CLEAR VICTORY) 134 23 - FORCES AND CASUALTY RATIOS (MARGINAL VICTORIES) 135 24 - FORCES AND CASUALTY RATIOS (DEFEAT) 135 25 - PROBABILITY OF DECEPTION GIVEN FORCE RATIOS 135 26 - TERRITORY EXCHANGE VERSUS OUTCOME OF 3ATTLE 13S 2? - TERRITORY EXCHANGE THRESHOLD CASE REDUCTION EFFECT 140 28 - TERRITORY EXCHANGE CASES BY CATEGORY 140 29 - MODE FREQUENCY OF SURPRISE 144 30 - MODE FREQUENCIES OF DECEPTION GENERATED SURPRISE 144 31 - MODE FREQUENCIES IN PRECONCEPTION CASES 147 32 - MODE FREQUENCIES GIVEN TECEPTION AND PRECONCEPTION 147 I 33 - *CDE FREQUENCIES GIVEN PERCEPTION REINFORCEMENT 148 34 - INTENSITY OF SURPRISE 149 35 - FXPECTED VALUE EASED ON SURPRISE INTENSITY 151 36 - INTENSITY OF SURPRISE (DECEPTION CASES) 151 37 - EXPECTED VALUES OF DECEPTION CASES 152 38 - INTENSITY OF SURPRISE (DECEPTION AND PRECONCEPTION) lti - 39 VALUES (DECEPTION BASED ON PRECONCEPTION ) 153 40 - MODF PAIR ANALYSIS AT INTENSITY TWO 154 41 - ^ODE P/IR ANALYSIS (TOTAL FREQUENCY) 155 42 - MODE PAIS ANALYSIS (PRICONCEPTICN BASED DECEPTION) 156 43 - VALUE OF A HIGH DEGREE OF SURPRISE 158 44 - EEFECT OP WARNING ON TACTICAL SURPRISI 15 & 45 - OVERALL 5.FFECT OF WARNING 162 46 - EFFECT OF SCHEDULE CHANGES ON EXPECTED VALUE 16? 47 _ EFFECT OF DEFERRED SCHEDULES ON OUTCOME 154 48 - DEMONSTRATION VERSUS FEINT 166 49 - RUSE FREQUENCY OF USE 167 50 - NUMPEB OF RUSES VERSUS OUTCOME 167 51 - DECEPTION MEASURES TO DISPLAY THE FALSE 163 52 - DECEPTION MEASURES TO CREATE AMBIGUITY 168 53 - DECEPTION MEASURES USFD TO CONCFAL TEE PEAL 16? 54 - COMPARISON OF VICTORY CRITERIA 174 55 - SOMME OFFENSIVE DATA COMPARISON 175 ^6 - TACTICAL SURPRISE FACTORS 177 57 - CJMA DATA BASE VALUES FOR SURPRISE 177 58 - OPTIONAL WEIGHTING SCHEMES 180 59 - COMPARISON OF WEIGHTING SCEEMES U 5 €? - MODE PAIR RANKING 3Y WEIGHTING OPTION 181 61 - EFFECT OF WARNING SHOWN BY WEIGHTING OPTION — lft2 TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS ASAS AIL SOURCE ANALYSIS SYSTEM CEWI COMBAT ELECTRONIC WARFARE INTELLIGENCE C3CM COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS COUNTERKEASURES ETOC EIVISION TACTICAL OPERATIONS CENTER EEFI ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF FRIENDLY INFORMATION IW ELECTRONIC WARFARE G2 EIVISION INTELLIGENCE OFFICER G3 TIVISION OPERATIONS OFFICER G4 DIVISION LOGISTICS OFFICER HERO HISTORICAL EVALUATION ANT PISIARCE ORGANIZATION ICE IMITATIVE COMMUNICATIONS EECEPTION IEP INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION 01 THE BATTLEFIELD fCP MANIPULATIVE COMMUNICATIONS DECEPTION MI MILITARY INTELLIGENCE CIC OEEICER IN CHARGE OPSEC OPERATIONS SECURITY CPCPD OPERATIONS ORTEP PIR PRIORITY INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS PSYCPS PSYCFOLCGICAI WARFARE OPERATIONS CJMA QUANTIFIED JUEGM^NT METFOE OF ANALYSIS SFAEF SUPREME HEADCUARTERS ALL IEP EXPEDITIONARY FORCES SIGINT SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE TCAC TECHNICAL CONTROL AND ANALYSIS
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Blitzkrieg: the Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht's
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2021 Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era Briggs Evans East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Evans, Briggs, "Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era" (2021). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3927. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3927 This Thesis - unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era ________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History ______________________ by Briggs Evans August 2021 _____________________ Dr. Stephen Fritz, Chair Dr. Henry Antkiewicz Dr. Steve Nash Keywords: Blitzkrieg, doctrine, operational warfare, American military, Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe, World War II, Cold War, Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, AirLand Battle, Combined Arms Theory, mobile warfare, maneuver warfare. ABSTRACT Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era by Briggs Evans The evolution of United States military doctrine was heavily influenced by the Wehrmacht and their early Blitzkrieg campaigns during World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Jason Todd Craft 2004 the Dissertation Committee for Jason Todd Craft Certifies That This Is the Approved Version of the Following Dissertation
    Copyright by Jason Todd Craft 2004 The Dissertation Committee for Jason Todd Craft Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Fiction Networks: The Emergence of Proprietary, Persistent, Large- Scale Popular Fictions Committee: Adam Z. Newton, Co-Supervisor John M. Slatin, Co-Supervisor Brian A. Bremen David J. Phillips Clay Spinuzzi Margaret A. Syverson Fiction Networks: The Emergence of Proprietary, Persistent, Large- Scale Popular Fictions by Jason Todd Craft, B.A., M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December, 2004 Dedication For my family Acknowledgements Many thanks to my dissertation supervisors, Dr. Adam Zachary Newton and Dr. John Slatin; to Dr. Margaret Syverson, who has supported this work from its earliest stages; and, to Dr. Brian Bremen, Dr. David Phillips, and Dr. Clay Spinuzzi, all of whom have actively engaged with this dissertation in progress, and have given me immensely helpful feedback. This dissertation has benefited from the attention and feedback of many generous readers, including David Barndollar, Victoria Davis, Aimee Kendall, Eric Lupfer, and Doug Norman. Thanks also to Ben Armintor, Kari Banta, Sarah Paetsch, Michael Smith, Kevin Thomas, Matthew Tucker and many others for productive conversations about branding and marketing, comics universes, popular entertainment, and persistent world gaming. Some of my most useful, and most entertaining, discussions about the subject matter in this dissertation have been with my brother, Adam Craft. I also want to thank my parents, Donna Cox and John Craft, and my partner, Michael Craigue, for their help and support.
    [Show full text]
  • The Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty? Evidence from British Commutations During World War I
    THE DETERRENT EFFECT OF THE DEATH PENALTY? EVIDENCE FROM BRITISH COMMUTATIONS DURING WORLD WAR I Daniel L. Chen∗ Abstract During World War I, the British military condemned over 3,000 soldiers to death, but only executed 12% of them; the others received commuted sentences, unbeknownst to soldiers at the time. I verify that variation in commutations and executions is consistent with a random process. Using this result, I identify the effect of executions on subsequent desertions. There is limited evidence that executing deserters deterred absences, while executing Irish soldiers, regardless of the crime, spurred absences, particularly Irish absences. I present a model where perceived legitimacy of authority affects why people obey the law. Keywords: Compliance, Legitimacy, Deterrence JEL codes: N44, K14, K42, P48 ∗Daniel L. Chen, [email protected], Toulouse School of Economics, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, University of Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France; [email protected], LWP, Har- vard Law School. First draft: April 2008. Current draft: February 2017. Latest version at: http://nber.org/∼dlchen/papers/The_Deterrent_Effect_of_the_Death_Penalty.pdf. I would like to thank assis- tance and comments from Julian Putkowski, British National Archives, Gerard Oram, Sonya Hymer, Markus Loecher, and many colleagues. Work on this project was conducted while I received financial support from the European Research Council (Grant No. 614708), Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Institute for Humane Studies, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, John M. Olin Foundation, Petrie-Flom Center, Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 100018-152678 and 106014-150820), and Templeton Foundation (Grant No. 22420). “There are hooks on the post .. He is hooked on like dead meat in a butcher’s shop.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching & Researching Big History: Exploring a New Scholarly Field
    Teaching & Researching Big History: Exploring a New Scholarly Field Leonid Grinin, David Baker, Esther Quaedackers, Andrey Korotayev To cite this version: Leonid Grinin, David Baker, Esther Quaedackers, Andrey Korotayev. Teaching & Researching Big History: Exploring a New Scholarly Field. France. Uchitel, pp.368, 2014, 978-5-7057-4027-7. hprints- 01861224 HAL Id: hprints-01861224 https://hal-hprints.archives-ouvertes.fr/hprints-01861224 Submitted on 24 Aug 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain INTERNATIONAL BIG HISTORY ASSOCIATION RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES The Eurasian Center for Big History and System Forecasting TEACHING & RESEARCHING BIG HISTORY: EXPLORING A NEW SCHOLARLY FIELD Edited by Leonid Grinin, David Baker, Esther Quaedackers, and Andrey Korotayev ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House Volgograd ББК 28.02 87.21 Editorial Council: Cynthia Stokes Brown Ji-Hyung Cho David Christian Barry Rodrigue Teaching & Researching Big History: Exploring a New Scholarly Field / Edited by Leonid E. Grinin, David Baker, Esther Quaedackers, and Andrey V. Korotayev. – Volgograd: ‘Uchitel’ Publishing House, 2014. – 368 pp. According to the working definition of the International Big History Association, ‘Big History seeks to understand the integrated history of the Cosmos, Earth, Life and Humanity, using the best available empirical evidence and scholarly methods’.
    [Show full text]
  • Campaign Streamers of the United States Army (1995)
    Campaign Streamers of the United States Army by John B. Wilson The Institute of Land Warfare ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY Campaign Streamers of the United States Army by John B. Wilson John B. Wilson, a graduate of Duquesne University with a B.A. and M.A. in American history, has been a staff member of the U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH) since 1968. He has served in its Organizational History Branch, specializing in the evolution of the division and brigade structures in the U.S. Army. He is the author of articles which have appeared in professional publications and the compiler of Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades in the Army Lineage Series. This paper resulted from questions over the years from numerous soldiers about campaign participation credit and how units and the Army itself displayed them. This paper represents the opinions of the author and should not be taken to represent the views of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, the Institute of Land Warfare, or the Association of the United States Army or its members. ©Copyright 1995 by the Association of the United States Army All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the AUSA Institute of Land Warfare, 2425 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201. Inquiries regarding this and future ILW papers should be directed to: Association of the United States Army, Institute of Land Warfare, telephone 1-800-336-4570 or (703) 841-4300.
    [Show full text]
  • Blitzkrieg Under Fire: German Rearmament, Total Economic Mobilization, and the Myth of the "Blitzkrieg Strategy:, 1933-1942
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 2000 Blitzkrieg under fire: German rearmament, total economic mobilization, and the myth of the "Blitzkrieg strategy:, 1933-1942 Gore, Brett Thomas Gore, B. T. (2000). Blitzkrieg under fire: German rearmament, total economic mobilization, and the myth of the "Blitzkrieg strategy:, 1933-1942 (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/21701 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/40717 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Blitzkrieg under Fire: Gennan Rearmament, Total Economic Mobilization, and the Myth of the "Blitzkrieg Strategy", 1933-1942 by Brett Thomas Gore A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTMI, FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA DECEMBER 2000 O Brett Thomas Gore 2000 National Library Biblioth&que nationale 1+1 of,,, du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 WMinStreet 395. rue WeDingtm Ottawa ON KIA ON4 OttawaON KlAW Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclisive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distri'bute or sell reproduire, pr;ter, distri'buer ou copies ofthis thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats.
    [Show full text]
  • Library of Congress Classification
    E AMERICA E America General E11-E29 are reserved for works that are actually comprehensive in scope. A book on travel would only occasionally be classified here; the numbers for the United States, Spanish America, etc., would usually accommodate all works, the choice being determined by the main country or region covered 11 Periodicals. Societies. Collections (serial) For international American Conferences see F1404+ Collections (nonserial). Collected works 12 Several authors 13 Individual authors 14 Dictionaries. Gazetteers. Geographic names General works see E18 History 16 Historiography 16.5 Study and teaching Biography 17 Collective Individual, see country, period, etc. 18 General works Including comprehensive works on America 18.5 Chronology, chronological tables, etc. 18.7 Juvenile works 18.75 General special By period Pre-Columbian period see E51+; E103+ 18.82 1492-1810 Cf. E101+ Discovery and exploration of America Cf. E141+ Earliest accounts of America to 1810 18.83 1810-1900 18.85 1901- 19 Pamphlets, addresses, essays, etc. Including radio programs, pageants, etc. 20 Social life and customs. Civilization. Intellectual life 21 Historic monuments (General) 21.5 Antiquities (Non-Indian) 21.7 Historical geography Description and travel. Views Cf. F851 Pacific coast Cf. G419+ Travels around the world and in several parts of the world including America and other countries Cf. G575+ Polar discoveries Earliest to 1606 see E141+ 1607-1810 see E143 27 1811-1950 27.2 1951-1980 27.5 1981- Elements in the population 29.A1 General works 29.A2-Z Individual elements, A-Z 29.A43 Akan 29.A73 Arabs 29.A75 Asians 29.B35 Basques Blacks see E29.N3 29.B75 British 29.C35 Canary Islanders 1 E AMERICA E General Elements in the population Individual elements, A-Z -- Continued 29.C37 Catalans 29.C5 Chinese 29.C73 Creoles 29.C75 Croats 29.C94 Czechs 29.D25 Danube Swabians 29.E37 East Indians 29.E87 Europeans 29.F8 French 29.G26 Galicians (Spain) 29.G3 Germans 29.H9 Huguenots 29.I74 Irish 29.I8 Italians 29.J3 Japanese 29.J5 Jews 29.K67 Koreans 29.N3 Negroes.
    [Show full text]
  • US Army Campaign Streamers
    U.S.U.S. ArmyArmy CampaignCampaign Streamers:Streamers: ColorsColors ofof CourageCourage SinceSince 17751775 U.S. Army Campaign Streamers: Colors of Courage Since 1775 Author John B . Wilson Contents Editors Danielle Giovannelli Foreword . v Sandra J . Daugherty Cover Photograph Campaign Streamers of the United States Army . 1. Dennis Steele Graphics and Design Units Display Battle Credits . 2 . Kevin Irwin Photographs Silver Rings for Battle Credit . 10 Army Art Collection Technical Support Campaign Rather than Battle Credits . 18 . Master Print, Inc . © Copyright 2009 The Army Flag and Campaign Credits . 22 . The Association of the United States Army All rights reserved . Streamers on the Army Flag . 29 Individual copies of U.S. Army Campaign Streamers: Colors of Courage Since 1775—one per customer—are available free of charge on a first-come/first-served basis while supplies last . Endnotes . 50 To order your copy, call 1-800-336-4570, ext . 630, or e-mail ilwpublications@ausa .org . U.S. Army Campaign Streamers: Colors of Courage Since 1775 is also available online at http://www .ausa .org/ilw . Institute of Land Warfare Association of the United States Army 2425 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22201-3385 703-841-4300 www .ausa .org ii iii Foreword There are few things in which Soldiers take greater pride than the military accomplishments of their units . Soldiers personally identify with their units, and each unit is individual, with a unique genealogy, history and reputation . The deeds of courage and valor of unit members past and present give Soldiers justifiable pride, and help create the cohesive concept called “morale” that keeps Soldiers together in stress of combat .
    [Show full text]
  • Rules Booklet
    The Mongols—13th Century THE BATTLES OF: The Indus (The Khwarazmian Persians; 1221) The Kalka (The Russians; 1223) Liegnitz (Eastern Europe; 1241) Ayn Jalut (The Mamluks; 1260) A Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................. 2 GREAT 2. Components and Terms ................ 2 3. The Sequence of Play ................... 5 BATTLES 4. Leaders ......................................... 5 5. Leader Activation and Orders ...... 7 OF 6. Movement ....................................10 7. Facing and ZOCs .........................14 HISTORY 8. Missile Combat ............................15 GAME 9. Shock Combat ..............................17 10. The Combat Tables ......................21 VOL. X 11. The Effects of Combat .................21 12. Withdrawal and Victory ...............23 a Richard Berg/Mark Herman design Version 1.0 AUGUST/2004 Revised July, 2012 RULES BOOKLET GMT Games, LLC P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com 2 Devil’s Horsemen — RULES OF PLAY about your units and how they act/interact, the better commander 1.0 Introduction you will be. The Devil’s Horsemen (TDH) simulates, in game form, four of the major battles the Mongols fought in the West to exert their supremacy For Those Who Have Played the System: TDH retains all the over the largest empire the world has ever known. TDH is the tenth core rules from the earlier titles, except for those marked with volume in the Great Battles of History Series. <<. A number of familiar rules have been dropped, reflecting the changes history and the March of Time have wrought. You will TDH uses the same “basic” system as Cataphract (Vol. VIII), includ- note the increased effectiveness of missile units due to the use of ing modifications from the “Attila” module, plus rule changes and the Composite Bow, so a thorough review of the Charts & Tables additions that portray the Mongol’s tactical concepts and advances in is heartily recommended.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil War Manuscripts
    CIVIL WAR MANUSCRIPTS CIVIL WAR MANUSCRIPTS MANUSCRIPT READING ROW '•'" -"•••-' -'- J+l. MANUSCRIPT READING ROOM CIVIL WAR MANUSCRIPTS A Guide to Collections in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress Compiled by John R. Sellers LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON 1986 Cover: Ulysses S. Grant Title page: Benjamin F. Butler, Montgomery C. Meigs, Joseph Hooker, and David D. Porter Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Library of Congress. Manuscript Division. Civil War manuscripts. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: LC 42:C49 1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865— Manuscripts—Catalogs. 2. United States—History— Civil War, 1861-1865—Sources—Bibliography—Catalogs. 3. Library of Congress. Manuscript Division—Catalogs. I. Sellers, John R. II. Title. Z1242.L48 1986 [E468] 016.9737 81-607105 ISBN 0-8444-0381-4 The portraits in this guide were reproduced from a photograph album in the James Wadsworth family papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. The album contains nearly 200 original photographs (numbered sequentially at the top), most of which were autographed by their subjects. The photo- graphs were collected by John Hay, an author and statesman who was Lin- coln's private secretary from 1860 to 1865. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. PREFACE To Abraham Lincoln, the Civil War was essentially a people's contest over the maintenance of a government dedi- cated to the elevation of man and the right of every citizen to an unfettered start in the race of life. President Lincoln believed that most Americans understood this, for he liked to boast that while large numbers of Army and Navy officers had resigned their commissions to take up arms against the government, not one common soldier or sailor was known to have deserted his post to fight for the Confederacy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Virtue of Truthfulness and the Military Profession: Reconciling Honesty with the Requirement to Deceive During War
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 2016 The irV tue Of Truthfulness And The iM litary Profession: Reconciling Honesty With The Requirement To Deceive During War John W. Bauer University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Bauer, J. W.(2016). The Virtue Of Truthfulness And The Military Profession: Reconciling Honesty With The Requirement To Deceive During War. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3957 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE VIRTUE OF TRUTHFULNESS AND THE MILITARY PROFESSION: RECONCILING HONESTY WITH THE REQUIREMENT TO DECEIVE DURING WAR by John W. Bauer Bachelor of Science United States Military Academy, 1995 Master of Arts University of South Carolina, 2012 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2016 Accepted by: Christopher Tollefsen, Major Professor Justin Weinberg, Committee Member Jennifer Frey, Committee Member Christopher Toner, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by John W. Bauer, 2016 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION To my wife, to whom I owe not only my deepest respect and admiration, but also my inspiration and purpose. I am totally yours. iii ABSTRACT The U.S. military regards truthfulness as a virtue, a quality captured in the terms ‘honor’ and ‘integrity.’ At the same time, military doctrine does little to hide the fact that military operations should endeavor to deceive the enemy.
    [Show full text]
  • CAMPBELL, Walter Stanley COLLECTION
    THE WALTER STANLEY CAMPBELL COLLECTION Inventory and Index Revised and edited by Kristina L. Southwell Associates of the Western History Collections Norman, Oklahoma 2001 Boxes 104 through 121 of this collection are available online at the University of Oklahoma Libraries website. THE COVER Michelle Corona-Allen of the University of Oklahoma Communication Services designed the cover of this book. The three photographs feature images closely associated with Walter Stanley Campbell and his research on Native American history and culture. From left to right, the first photograph shows a ledger drawing by Sioux chief White Bull that depicts him capturing two horses from a camp in 1876. The second image is of Walter Stanley Campbell talking with White Bull in the early 1930s. Campbell’s oral interviews of prominent Indians during 1928-1932 formed the basis of some of his most respected books on Indian history. The third photograph is of another White Bull ledger drawing in which he is shown taking horses from General Terry’s advancing column at the Little Big Horn River, Montana, 1876. Of this act, White Bull stated, “This made my name known, taken from those coming below, soldiers and Crows were camped there.” Available from University of Oklahoma Western History Collections 630 Parrington Oval, Room 452 Norman, Oklahoma 73019 No state-appropriated funds were used to publish this guide. It was published entirely with funds provided by the Associates of the Western History Collections and other private donors. The Associates of the Western History Collections is a support group dedicated to helping the Western History Collections maintain its national and international reputation for research excellence.
    [Show full text]