Workbook for Training in Adopting, Applying and Operating Environmentally Sound Technologies (Ests)
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
WORKBOOK FOR TRAINING IN ADOPTING, APPLYING AND OPERATING ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGIES (ESTS) U Regional Workshop implemented 8-13 December 1997 in Perth, Australia by IJNEP TETC in collaboration with Murdoch University 'e 2 LJNEP International Environmental Technology Centre OsakaiShiga, 1998 IETC Report Series - Issue 6 ISBN 92-807-1478-0 Preface International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) is a unit of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Its role is to promote the adoption and use of environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) for the management of urban and freshwater basin environmental issues in developing countries and economic transitioning countries. ESTs are recognised as critical to countries'success in achieving sustainable development. One of the Centre's activities is to enhance the capacity of the decisionlpolicy makers to make sensible decisions on technologies. Adopting, applying and operating ESTs are key issues to policy-making and technology choices/practices for integrated environmental management approaches. The regional workshop for AsialPacific on adopting, applying and promoting of environmentally sound technologies, organised by the IETC in collaboration with Murdoch University of Australia from 8 to 13 December at Perth, Australia, was a response to this need. It was a follow-up to the global workshop in Dresden, Germany, 1996 and brought together 30 participants from 19 countries. The program combined proactive sessions, exercises, small group works, and field trips to build individual and institutional capacities: it focussed on priority issues such as freshwater resources, water supply, technology transfer, waste management and city plarming. The training was targeted at the needs of national/local government, and civil-society decision-makers in the area of technology implementationlregulation, as well as at those with responsibilities involving environmental issues. This publication contains session outlines including presentations and reports, and information related to the workshop. As such it is a valuable source document for all who are involved in working towards sustainable development. JMrector December 1998 III TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface.................................................................III Table of Contents .................................................... .....V Introduction ............................................................VII Session Outlines Session 1: Lecture I: Sustainable Development and Technology Choice .................... 1 Session 2: Lecture II: An Introduction to Practical ESTs for Sustainable Development of Freshwater Resources ...................................... 7 Session 3: Reports from Delegates I: Mr. Pak Sokharavuth, Cambodia ........................... 22 Mr. E. Ratukalou, Fiji ................................... 26 Mr. C. D. Serra, French Polynesia ........................... 31 Mr. S.K.P.Parekh, India ................................... 33 Lecture III: Sustainable Water Technologies ................................ 43 Microbial Tests for Drinking Water Quality: On-Site Methods ..........46 Session 4: Field Visit: Chemistry Centre (WA) ............................. 55 Session 5: Industry Presentations I: Process and Pollution Control Pty Ltd......................... 60 BioMAX Pty Ltd ........................................ 66 Environmental Solutions International......................... 71 Session 6: Reports from Delegates II: Mr. Tun Than Tun, Myanmar............................... 86 Mr. R. Shrestha, Nepal.................................... 90 Ms Sereana Kubuabola, Fiji................................. 97 Lecture IV: Permaculture - A Sustainable Urban Agriculture .................... 99 Session 7/8: Field Visit: (1) Permaculture landscape at the Environmental Technology Centre (ETC) on campus, (2) Demonstration and discussion of technologies at the ETC ..................................... 103 Session 9: Lecture V: Needs and Conditions of Technology Transfer including Adopting, Applying and Operating ESTs: A Case Presentation and Group Discussion ..................... 107 Session 10: Presentation of UNEP IETC's Technology Information System ..... 151 Session 11: Reports from Delegates III: Ms A. Siapno, Philippines ................................ 154 Mr. Soo-Hyun Shin, Republic of Korea....................... 158 Mr. Jayasekara Jayasekar, Sri Lanka......................... 162 Lecture VI: Solid Waste Management - Technologies Options .................. 165 V Session 12: Field Visit: To landfill gas site .................................169 Session 13: Lecture VII: Applying Lifecycle Assessment to Waste Management in Asia 173 Session 14: Lecture VIII: Sustainable Development and the German Packaging Ordinance: ACase Study ............................................ 183 Session 15: Report from Delegates IV: Mr. Xiangyang Fang, The Peoples' Republic of China ........... 192 Mr. Paula Fokikovi Taufa, Tonga .......................... 199 Mr. Laavasa Malua, Western Samoa .......................... 03 Industry Presentations II: Western Wastewater Treatments Pty Ltd...................... 207 Ecomax Waste Management Systems Pty Ltd.................. 211 BSD Consultants ....................................... 222 Session 16: Report from Delegates V: Mr. I.M. Tamrakar, Nepal ................................ 228 Mr. A.A. Rahim, Bangladesh .............................. 231 Ms Suree Ummaralikit, Thailand ............................ 34 Mr. Qingci He, People's Republic of China ................... 237 Session 17: Lecture IX: From Symbolic Gesture to the Main Stream - Next Steps in Local Sustainability ........................................ 241 Session 18: Lecture X: Urban Growth Management, Sustainability and Ecological Imperatives for the 21st Century ............................... 259 Session 19: Training: Design and discussion of regional/national training programs ......... 267 Session 20: End of workshop evaluations, completing questionnaires and discussions ............................................... 85 Annexes Annex 1: Workshop Announcement....................................287 Annex 2: Program .................................................289 Annex 3: List of Delegates...........................................293 Annex 4: Summary of End-of-Workshop Evaluation .......................295 Annex 5: Evaluation Questionnaire Sheet................................309 Annex 6: Certificate Copy ...........................................313 Annex 7: List of Presenters .........................................314 VT Introduction This workshop was organised in Perth, Australia, from 8 to 13 December 1997 in collaboration with Murdoch University as part of TETC's capacity building activities on adopting, applying and operating Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs). It followed the global workshop held in Dresden, 2-10 September 1996. The workshop was regional, bringing together 30 participants from 19 countries in Asia and the Pacific region, all of whom eagerly met together in 19 sessions including four field trips. The sessions included 1) reports from delegates and industry presentations; 2) lectures and discussions on sustainable development and technology choices, fresh water resource, water supply, permaculture, technology transfer, solid waste, waste assessment, next steps in local sustainability, and urban management; 3) presentation on IETC's information system; and 4) training course design. VII SESSION 1 Lecture I: Sustainable Development and Technology Choice Dr. Kuruvilla Mathew and Martin Anda, Murdoch University Sustainable Development & Technology Choice Martin Anda, Kuruvilla Mathew & Michael Penberthy Institute for Environmental Science, Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia 1.1 The Concept of Sustainable Development In recent years, the pursuit of Sustainable Development has become a goal common to environmentalists, economists, development theorists, governments, and even many industrialists. This broad-based concern for both environment and development is part of a second wave of modern environmentalism (Beder 1993, p.xi). The first wave of modern environmentalism peaked in the 1960's and early 1970's. During these years a significant number of scientists began to express their concern for environmental issues such as the effects of pollution and the depletion of non-renewable natural resources. There was also a rapid increase in public concern for the welfare of the natural environment. Nature conservation organisations expanded their interests to include environmental issues, and new organisations and societies were formed specifically to draw attention to environmental issues (eg. Greenpeace formed in 1971). Environmentalism in the 1960's and early 1970's was different to environmentalism today in that it had very little support from mainstream economists and industrialists. It was also much more antagonistic towards industry, and the western capitalist ideal of pursuing never- ending economic growth. First wave environmentalists voiced concern that population growth and the growth of industry could not be sustained indefinitely. Many argued that a global ecological crisis was imminent, and the pursuit of economic and industrial development was held to be responsible (eg. Meadows et al. 1972). At the time, governments were reluctant to acknowledge the presence of global environmental problems, or to recognise the possibility of a global ecological crisis. However, many