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Rozdział V Obrona Przez Kulturę

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Rozdział V Obrona Przez Kulturę ! THÈSE EN COTUTELLE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ET DE L’UNIVERSITÉ JAGELLONNE ÉCOLE DOCTORALE UBX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DU PARTENAIRE SPÉCIALITÉ SCIENCES PENALES ET CRIMINOLOGIE Par Magdalena GRZYB LES ASPECTS CRIMINOLOGIQUES ET PENAUX DES DELITS CULTURELLEMENT MOTIVES Sous la direction de Janina B ŁACHUT et de Jean-Christophe SAINT-PAU Soutenue le 27 mai 2015 Membres du jury : M. SAINT-PAU, Jean-Christophe, professeur a l’Université de Bordeaux codirecteur Mme B ŁACHUT, Janina, professeur a l’Université Jagellonne codirecteur Mme PŁATEK, Monika, professeur a l’Université de Varsovie rapporteur Mme ROBERT, Marie-Pierre, professeur a l’Université de Sherbrooke Président, rapporteur ! Titre : Les aspects criminologiques et pénaux des délits culturellement motivés Résumé : Le problème de ma recherche se pose ainsi : comment le droit pénal et la politique criminelle dans les sociétés multiculturelles et démocratiques doivent-ils réagir face aux délits culturellement motivés, commis par les immigrés -ou de leurs descendants? La dissertation analyse des réponses de la justice pénale des pays occidentaux déterminés face aux trois tipes soi-disant pratiques culturelles néfastes aux femmes qui constituent les exemples des conflits des cultures. Tout d’abord j’analyse comment les pays européens ont réagi aux suivantes pratiques controverses : la violence liée a l’honneur, les mutilations sexuelles féminines et mariages forcés. Ensuite, je présente le concept de la défense par la culture, caractéristique pour le système common law . C’est une stratégie de la défense pour les accusés des délits culturellement motivés. Enfin, j’étudie les contextes et réponses différentes aux délits culturellement motivés en l’Europe et aux Etats Unis et aussi la dimension internationale du problème. Je finalise ma dissertation avec une conclusion que le système de droit pénal et la justice dans les pays démocratiques libéraux et multiculturels doivent être un garant de la validité de consensus de la protection égale et non-discriminatoire des valeurs fondamentales pour tous les membres de la société sans égard a leur genre ou l’ethnicité. Mots clés : multiculturalisme, la violence a l’égard des femmes, les pratiques culturelles néfastes aux femmes, la défense par la culture Title : Criminological issues of culturally motivated crimes Abstract : The main research problem is how penal law and criminal policy in multicultural and liberal states should react on culturally motivated crimes committed by immigrants. The dissertation analyses the criminal justice responses of certain western countries to three types of so-called harmful traditional practices, which are fine examples of conflict of cultures. Firstly, I analyse how European countries addressed following harmful traditional practices: ‘honour’-related violence, female genital mutilation and forced marriages. Secondly, I present the concept of cultural defence, generic for common law, which is a strategy of defence for offenders for culturally motivated crimes. Thirdly, I study the different contexts and responses to culturally motivated crimes in Europe and United States, so the international dimension of the problem. Finally, I culminate my dissertation with the conclusion that criminal law and criminal justice in democratic liberal and multicultural states should be a guarantor of the validity of consensus for equal and non- discriminatory protection of basic values for all members of society regardless their ethnic origin or gender. Keywords : multiculturalism, gender-based violence, violence against women, harmful traditional practices, cultural defense Unité de recherche Institut de Sciences Criminelles et de la Justice- Université de Bordeaux 4, rue du Maréchal JOFFRE CS 61752 33075 BORDEAUX CEDEX ! In the next century, the problems posed by cultural relativism, and the implications for women’s rights, will be one of the most important issues in the field of international human rights. Rashida Manjoo, 2002, Specjalna Sprawozdawczyni ONZ ds. 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Ka żde spo łecze ństwo okre ślaj ąc granice dopuszczalnych zachowa ń w postaci norm prawno-karnych opiera si ę na w łasnym dziedzictwie kulturowym, moralnym i religijnym. To co w jednym spo łecze ństwie uchodzi na normalne, w innym niekoniecznie jest akceptowane, a nawet mo że spotyka ć si ę z pot ępieniem spo łecznym. Warto ści spo łeczne tworz ą normy i standardy post ępowania, których granice znajduj ą odzwierciedlenie nie tylko w normach prawa karnego, ale w równym stopniu w praktyce organów ścigania i wymiaru sprawiedliwo ści. Zdarza si ę jednak, że w obr ębie jednego spo łecze ństwa i systemu prawnego nast ępuje starcie pomi ędzy ró żnymi, cz ęsto nie do pogodzenia ze sob ą, tradycjami i normami kulturowymi poszczególnych grup.
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