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New National Records and Range Extensions of the Moss Genus Fissidens (Fissidentaceae) from Guangxi, China

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New National Records and Range Extensions of the Moss Genus Fissidens (Fissidentaceae) from Guangxi, China Hattoria 11: 41–60. 2020 New national records and range extensions of the moss genus Fissidens (Fissidentaceae) from Guangxi, China Qi-Ming TANG1, Boon-Chuan HO2 & Yu-Mei WEI1 1 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China 2 Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Republic of Singapore Author for correspondence: Yu-Mei WEI, [email protected] Abstract Three species of Fissidens, viz. F. gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm, F. laxitextus Broth. ex Gangulee and F. pseudoclosteri Z.Iwats. & S.S.Kumar are newly reported for China. In addition, seven species, viz. F. beckettii Mitt., F. flabellulus Thwaites & Mitt., F. jungermannioides Griff., F. kinabaluensis Z.Iwats., F. serratus Müll.Hal., F. subangustus M.Fleisch., and F. wichurae Broth. & M.Fleisch. are new provincial records for Guangxi. Photographs and diagnostic characters to help distinguishing the new records are provided. Introduction Guangxi (short for Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) is located in southern China (20°54′–26°24′N, 104°26′–112°04′E). Its total land area is 236,275 km2, including three climatic zones from the northern tropical to southern and central subtropical zones. As a mountainous province, hilly mountain terrain in Guangxi occupies an important share (75.6% of its total land area). The elevation ranges from sea level to 2,142 m (Mao’er Mountain). In addition, Guangxi also occupies large parts (89,544 km2) of the South China Karst, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since June 2007. With complex geographical landforms, favourable climatic conditions, and rich water resources, Guangxi is abundant in animals and plants resources, for example, the vascular plant biodiversity is ranked the third highest among the Chinese provinces (Qin & Liu 2010). Similarly, the diverse range of microhabitats nurture a bountiful bryoflora. In our recently compiled checklist of bryophytes in Guangxi, a total of 1,230 species have been reported (Wei et al. 2018b). Of these, 33 species are Fissidens, representing more than half of the total number of Fissidens species known from China (65 species; Jia 2018). Subsequently, Wei et al. (2018a) added two more species (F. bogoriensis M.Fleisch. and F. 41 ganguleei Nork.) and one variety [F. crispulus var. robinsonii (Broth.) Z.Iwats. & Z.H.Li] to the Fissidens-flora in southwest Guangxi. As a mainly tropical and subtropical distributed genus, the actual diversity of Fissidens in Guangxi is expected to surpass the currently known number. Based upon this prediction, and on other interesting finds e.g. the rare and endemic Japanese species, Soella obtusifolia (T.Yamag.) R.L.Zhu, L.Shu, Qiong He & Y.M.Wei (previously named Drepanolejeunea obtusifolia T.Yamag.) and Hypnodontopsis apiculata Z.Iwats. & Nog., discovered in Guangxi (Zhu et al. 2018; Tang et al. 2019), we have launched a province-wide investigation of bryophytes in Guangxi. During this research, we intend to pay special attention to the genus Fissidens. Materials and Methods Since 2018, 250 specimens of Fissidens have been collected in Guangxi. All the specimens are deposited in the herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany (IBK). Identifications were based mainly on major taxonomic works on Fissidens in China and Japan (e.g. Iwatsuki & Suzuki 1982; Li & Iwatsuki 2001; Suzuki 2015) and other references mentioned under the following section. The new records are arranged alphabetically, where new records for China are marked with an asterisk (*). Each is provided with a diagnosis and a short discussion of species likely to be confused with it. For species newly recorded to China, a detailed description is provided based on the cited specimens. With regards to costa types and peristome types we refer to those described by Suzuki & Iwatsuki (2007) and Suzuki et al. (2018). Field images were photographed with a digital camera (Canon G16). The morphological and anatomical characters were observed and photographed using an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX43 light microscope equipped with a digital camera (Mshot MH125). Results and Discussion Among these collections, ten species are newly recorded for the bryoflora of Guangxi. Three of these, namely Fissidens gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm, F. laxitextus Broth. ex Gangulee and F. pseudoclosteri Z.Iwats. & S.S.Kumar, are new to China. The remaining seven, viz. F. beckettii Mitt., F. flabellulus Thwaites & Mitt., F. jungermannioides Griff., F. kinabaluensis Z.Iwats., F. serratus Müll.Hal., F. subangustus M.Fleisch., and F. wichurae Broth. & M.Fleisch., are new provincial records. As a result, the number of Fissidens in Guangxi has risen to 46 species. This is just the beginning of a comprehensive study of Fissidens in Guangxi. More noteworthy discoveries of bryophytes, especially in the species- rich genus Fissidens is postulated in the course of our on-going project on the inventory study of bryophytes in Guangxi. New Species Records for Guangxi 1. Fissidens beckettii Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 325. 1873. Fig. 1 This species is characterised by 1) small plants (1–3 mm tall) and simple stems, 2) 42 non-differentiated axillary hyaline nodules, 3) ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate leaves with excurrent costa, 4) well-developed limbidia along the entire margins of leaves sometimes ending near the base of dorsal lamina, 5) open and unequal vaginant laminae, 6) smooth and large laminal cells (13–25 µm long), 7) rhizautoicous inflorescence, 8) curved and asymmetric capsules, and 9) Fissidens-type peristome teeth. Specimens examined: CHINA. Guangxi: Leye Co., Yachang Orchid National Nature Reserve, 24°44′51.00″N, 106°20′20.69″E, 1,755 m elev., on soil, 19 May 2019, Tang 20190519-337 (IBK); Gongcheng Co., Yindianshan Nature Reserve, 24°49′57.06″N, 110°58′38.86″E, 486 m elev., on soil, 11 April 2020, Tang 20200411-9 (IBK). Distribution: mainly distributed in pantropical area (Bruggeman-Nannenga 2013), occurring also in Australia (Stone 1994) and Russia (Ignatov & Suzuki 2018). In China, previously only known from Guizhou and Guangdong (Jia 2018), new to Guangxi. 2. Fissidens flabellulus Thwaites & Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 324. 1873. Fig. 2 This species is characterised by 1) small plants (0.60–1.45 mm tall) and mainly simple stems, 2) well-differentiated axillary hyaline nodules, 3) lanceolate leaves with subpercurrent to percurrent costa, 4) crenulate or serrulate leaf margins, 5) smooth to slightly mammillose laminal cells, 6) rhizautoicous inflorescence, 7) erect and symmetrical capsules, and 8) Fissidens-type peristome teeth. Representative specimens examined: CHINA. Guangxi: Daxin Co., Encheng National Nature Reserve, 22°45′25.78″N, 107°4′59.15″E, 347 m elev., on soil, 20 September 2018, Tang 20180920-126 (IBK); Shangsi Co., Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, 21°50′59.74″N, 107°53′12.48″E, 479 m elev., on soil, 20 August 2019, Tang, Wei & Huang 20190824-36 (IBK). Distribution: China [Hainan, Yunnan, Taiwan (Jia 2018), new to Guangxi], Australia, Fiji, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Thailand (Tan et al. 2006b; Suzuki & Iwatsuki 2011). Notes: Fissidens flabellulus closely resembles F. serratus, and was previously considered as a synonym (Fleischer 1904; Eddy 1988). Tan et al. (2006b) found F. flabellulus to be distinct from F. serratus by its crenulate leaf margin (sharply serrate in F. serratus), its smooth to mammillose laminal cells (unipapillose in F. serratus), and well-differentiated axillary hyaline nodules (weakly differentiated in F. serratus). In the Guangxi-collections we observed no difference with regards to the leaf margins, but found the two species to be distinct by the other two characters (see also Iwatsuki & Suzuki 1982). 3. *Fissidens gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm, Ill. Fl. Nord. Mosses 1: 10. 1986. Fig. 3 Plants light green to dark green, growing in short and loose tufts. Stems simple. Fertile and sterile stems dimorphic, fertile stems 1.55–2.50 mm with 3–5 pairs of leaves; sterile stems rare in our specimens, juvenile; axillary hyaline nodules not differentiated; cortical cells in cross section small, thick-walled, central strand weakly differentiated. Upper leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute at apex; base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, more or less decurrent; costa ending 2–4 cells below leaf apex, bryoides-type; margins weakly serrulate near leaf apex; vaginant lamina about 1/2 of leaf length, unequal; limbidium ending below leaf apex, usually 43 Figure 1. Fissidens beckettii Mitt. A: Habit. B–D: Plants. E–F: Leaves. G: Perichaetial leaf. H–I: Transverse sections of leaf. J: Peristome teeth. K: Exothecial cells. L: Leaf apex. M: Distal part of vaginant lamina N: Basal part of vaginant lamina. O: Transverse section of stem. All figures taken from Tang 20200411-9. 44 Figure 2. Fissidens flabellulus Thwaites & Mitt. A: Habit. B: Plants. C–D: Leaves. E– F: Perichaetial leaves. G–H: Transverse sections of leaf. I: Leaf apex. J: Leaf base. K: Exothecial cells. L: Peristome teeth. M: Portion of stem with leaves removed, showing the well-differentiated axillary hyaline nodules. N: Transverse section of stem, axillary hyaline nodule on the right. All figures taken from Tang et al. 20190824-36. 45 Figure 3. Fissidens gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm. A: Habit. B–D: Plants. E–F: Leaves. G–H: Perichaetial leaves. I: Transverse section of stem. J–K: Transverse sections of leaf. L: Leaf apex. M: Leaf base. N: Exothecial cells. O: Peristome teeth. All figures taken from Tang & Zhang 20181004-429A. 46 turning yellowish brown in old leaves when treated with KOH, 1–2 rows of cells wide on apical lamina, 3–5 rows on vaginant lamina, in cross section 1–2 cells thick; laminae unistratose; cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 7.5–11.5 µm long, smooth, thin walled.
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