The BryologioalBryological SocietySooiety of Japan

− 蘚苔類研究 （Bryol． Res ．）8 （5）： 131 136 ， December 2002

Hypnodontopsis spathulata H ．Akiyama ＆ A ． Tanaka

（Rhachitheciaceae；Musci ）， a new species

frorn Myanmar （Burma ）

Himyuki Akiyamal and Atsushi Tanaka2

1Museum − of Nature and Human Activities，6−chome ， Yayoigaoka ， Sanda −shi ， Hyogo 669 1546 ， Japan． 20kayama − − − − University of Science，1 1 Ridai cho ， Okayama shi ， Okayama 700 0005 ， Japan．

Abstract． A new species of 助 η 040 彫 qρs ∫s is described on the basis of recent collection from Natma Taung National Park （Mt ． Victoria）， Chin State， Myanmar （Burma ）． Although its oblong to spathulate

leaves suggest close relationship to 砌 》nodon toi）sis apicttlatus Z ．［wats ．＆ Nog ．， the new species differs ・ from H ．〔ipicutatus in the shorter leaves， costa ceasing below leaf apex ， linear1anceolate peristome teeth

extant species have insertedbelow the capsulemouth ，cucullate calyptrae ， and smaller spores ，Only two

been known for the genus ， that is， H ． apiculatus from Japan and ll． mexicana （Th ξr ．｝Robins ． from Mexico

and Uganda ． Two other species are known as extinct fossil species ， H ． confertus 〔Goeppert ＆ Berendt ）

∫．−P．Frahm and H ． fb∬ itis J．・P．Frahrn， both from Ceonozoic aInber in Europe ． Our finding a new species of Hypnodontopsis from Myanmar may suggest that the genus Qnce had very wide distributional range ．

Key words ：ffypnodontopsis， Burma ， Myanmar ， Rhachitheciaceae

1 2 ー 秋 山弘之 ・田中敦司 ： ミ ャ ン マ （ビ ル マ ） か ら見 つ か っ た キサ ゴ ゴ ケ 属 （キブ ネ ゴ ケ 科 ； 蘚類） の 新種 z − 2 − Hypnodontopsis spathulata （〒 669 1546 三 田 市弥生 が 丘 6 丁 目 人 と 自然 の 博物館， 〒 700 0005 岡 山市 理 大 町 1−1 岡山理 萪大学大学院理 学研究科）

ビ ル マ か ら キ サ ゴ ゴ ケ 属 の 新 種 H ，spatulata H ．Akiyama ＆ A ．Tanaka を 報告 し た ．本種 の 葉 は そ の 形 が oblong か ら spatulate で 明 らか に H ． apiculatus に 近縁 で あ る が ，中肋が 葉頂 に 達 せ ず葉頂部 の 細胞 は 葉身細 胞 と変 わ ら な い こ と ，覇歯 は覇 口 か ら深 く沈 ん だ 位置 に 生 じ，そ れ ぞ れ の 歯 は 幅 が よ り狭 く上 部で は 狭披針形

と な る こ と ， そ し て カ リ プ ト ラ が cucullate す る 点 で 異 な っ て い る ． キ サ ゴ ゴ ケ 属 に は ，現生 種 と して 日 本固

ー パ 有 の H ．apiculatus と メ キ シ コ と ウ ガ ン ダ に 分布 す る H ． mexicana の 2 種 が 知 ら れ て い る ．ま た ，ヨ ロ ッ − の 新生 代琥珀 中 に 封 じ ら れ た 化石種 と して さ ら に 2 種 （H ． confertus （Goeppert ＆ Berendt ）J．P ．Frahm な ら び に H ，fossilis J．−P ．Frahm ） が 報告 さ れ て い る ．化石種 H ， confertus は 現生種 の H ． mexicana と きわ め て 類 Baltic バ ル ト と Saxonian ド イ ッ ザ ク セ ン 地 の か ら は か な り の 数 が 似 し た 形態 を して お り， （ 地方） （ 方） 琥珀

知 ら れ て い る ． こ れ に 加 え て H ．mexicana が 中米 と ア フ リ カ と い う地 理 的 に か け 離 れ た 場所 か ら 見 っ か っ て ー の 〜 H mexicana は の ヨ い る こ とを考慮 す る と，少 な く と も新生代 第 三 紀 4500 万年 5800 万年前 に は ， ． 当時

ロ パ い の い い ビ ル マ の ッ か らア フ リ カ 地域 に か け て の 広範囲 に 分布 して た で は な か と 推定 さ れ て る ． 西部山岳

っ ゴ ゴ ア ジ ア 地 か ら今回 あ らた に 5 番 目 の 種 （現 生種 と し て は 3 種 目） が 見 か っ た こ と は， キ サ ケ 属が 地 域 に お い て も広 く分布 して い た こ と を 示 唆す る と 考 え ら れ る ．

The genus Hypnodontopsis 童s a member of the GQmnet 1997）． According to Goffinet（1997）， the − − Rhachitheciaceae on the basis of the single peri Rhachitheciaceae include seven genera and 15spe

stome and leaves differentiated into lower lamina cies ． − with hyaline， rectangular cells and upper chloro llypnodontopsis was first established by Iwatsuki phyllose ， isodiametric cells （Robinson l964， （1957）to accommodate H ． apiculatus Z．lwat．＆ Nog 、

一131一

一 NNII-Electronic工工 Eleotronio Library Service The BryologicalSocietyBryological Society of Japan

eeSMerza (Bryol. Res,) 8(5), December 2002

based on Japanese specimens. The species is dis- hic element are abundant in the botanized areas in

tinguished from other rhachitheciaceous members the park; for example, there grow feneigielta coF

by its unique spiraling seta in dry and wet condi- data (Hook.) M,Fleisch,, Loptobymenium tenue

tions and palisade-like thickening of peristome (Hook.) Schwaegr,, Dixonia thamnioides (Broth. & teeth, Robinson (1964) subsequently transferred Dixon) Horik. & Ando, IVbguchiodendron sphaero-

Oreas mexicana Ther. known from Mexico to HlyP- carpum {Nog,) Ninh & Pocs, Bryowijleia ambigua

nodontQPsis mexicana (Ther,) Rebins, The main (Hook.) Nog,, SPhaerotheicella sphaerocarpa

differences separating this species from HZ aPicula- M.Fleisch,, and severa] species of Symphyodon spp,

tus lay in the linear-lanceolate leaves and cucullate Though we only visited a few places, the moss

calyptra, Hlypnodontopsis mexicana recently has flora seems to be similar to those oi western India

been reported from Uganda in West Africa (Hodg- and northern Thailand (Gangulee 1969-1980, He

etts & Goffinet 1998). Therefore, the genus shows 1998).

a curious distribution pattern: East Asia (Japan), In the course of this research, the senior author Central America (Mexico) and West Africa collected a tiny rnoss on a tree trunk alQng a road (Uganda), In addition, Frahm (2000, 2001) reported in the Pinus savannah, In the field, it looked simi-

two extinct fossil species, filyPnodontopsis conjlartus lar to a small species of Calymperes. Under micro-

(Goeppert & Berendt) J.-P.Frahm and HL fossilis scope, the plants bear tiny mature sporophytes and JrP,Frahm, both preserved in Baltic and Saxonian show the following features; 1} differentiation of

amber. These two fossil species have linear- the lower part of Ieaf with large, smooth cells, 2)

lanceolate leaves and thus are regarded to be perichaetial leaves slightly differentiated from

closely related to extant ll1 mexicaua (Frahm 2001). lower ordinal leaves, 3) very short seta spiraling in

In March 2002, the senior author carried out dry and wet conditiQns, 4) deeply ribbed capsules,

botanical survey at the Natma Taung National 5) single peristome with teeth in eight pairs, and 6)

Park (Myanmar), in collaberation with the For- peristome teeth decorated with distinctive pali-

estry Department of Myanmar, The park i$ located sade-like thickenings on both surfaces. All of the at the southern Chin Hill (Rongklang Range> and features apparently indicate that the plants should the highest peak (formerly known as Mt. Victoria) be a rnember of the genus H5tPnodontopsis, Oblong

is 3053 m in elevation. We surveyed the temperate to spatulate stern leaves with pluripapillose cells in

evergreen forests and Anus savannah that prevail the upper portion suggest its close relationship to at altitude above 1700 m in the park, This is the the Japanese HL opiculatus. The Myanmar plants, first extensive survey of the moss flora for the park however, has cucullate calyptra and this is one of

area except for small collections gathered by Mr. the characteristic features differentiating Hl mexi-

Kingdon-Ward and Mr, Dickason (Bartram 1943) cana from HL apiculatus which has a smalL mitrate

in the first half of the 20th century. The park area calyptra. Taking all the information described

is influenced by the typical monsoon climate with above, we regarded the Myanmar plants represent- a prolonged dry season in every year, Therefore, ing a new species Qf the H)lpnodontqpsis and it is

almost all the southern slopes of mountains are here described.

dominated by Pinus feestya savannah. On the

northern slope$, there are subtropical evergreen IEIUpnedontopsis spathulata H,Akiyama & A.

forests developed between 1000 m and 2130 m in Tanaka, sp. noy. (Figs. 1-18)

altitude and temperate $emi-evergreen forests be- A.07nis Hypnodontepsis apiculato, sedfolliis O. 8-

tween 1830m and the summit of Mt. Victoria 1,O mm longis, copsulis ovatis, dentibus Peristomaico (WWF and IUCN 1994-1995), lanceolatis, calyPtris ctecullatis diversus.

Bryephytes of the south Himalayan biogeogra- Plants small, bright green, gregarious on tree

-132-

NII-Electronic Library Service The BryologicalSocletyBryological Society ofJapanof Japan

ptesma"X (B,),ot. Res.) 8(5), December 2002

･iil/lli, ,,,1fl'1, 'i"', 1 /F.･:･l''.'l-{ L/t' ･},.･ tttt/t ''$::t,'s.e,i.ts',il'lee･,//tt/t'1

,ll,1',,,., '"'/f'i'l' ,,zi,/:i. ''tii '' 1i,lle,i.

ttt ' asmatsre`::

/-a/t. ,,{ 1,

t'tlIi,IIIme ,,,,il} va/ , 3,

colony, Figs. 1-7.flblPnodontoPsis spathutataH.Akiyama & A.Tanaka (holotype).1.Plant 2,Plant indry condition: note the capsule half-covered by leaves. 3. Capsule and scta, 4. Calyptra. 5. Peristome tooth (inner surface; SEM}. 6. Peristome and spores (SEM). 7. Peristome teeth (outer

surface; SEM>.

trunk, Stems ca, O.5-1,5mm high, erect, simple. loosely and spirally appressed when dry, erect-

Leaves oblong to spathulate, apiculate, O,8-1.0 mm spreading when moist; margins plane, crenulate

long, O.25-O.3mm wide at the widest portion, with papillae; costa ceasing just below apex, with

-133-

NII-Electronic Library Service The BryologicalSocietyBryological Society ofJapanof Japan

eegganfi (Br],ol. Res,) 8(5), December 2002

8 9

13 7 LL ･k-"-;t

"t

20

L j"r L

' t[r l[ 1-

Figs. 8-22. H]tPnodontopsis spathulata H,Akiyama & A.Tanaka (8-18: holotype) and Hl opiculatus Z.Iwats. & Nog. (l9-22: holotype), 8, 9, 19, 20. Stem leaves. 10, 21. Leaf apices (note the ordinal lamina cells occupying the apex region in Rl spathulata). 11. Transverse section in the middle part of a stem leaf. 12. Lower region of stem leaf. 13. Propagules. 14, 22. Capsules. 15. Calyptra. 16. 0utside view of peristome teeth. 17, Inside view of peristome teeth, 18. Spores. Use the scale bar as; O,2 mm for 8, 9, 19, 20; 50gm for 10-13, 16-18, 21; O,6 mm for

14, 15, 22.

two layers of stereids and one layer of large, thin- phyllose, thick-walled, with 3-5 papillae on both

walled cells in a transverse section; upper lamina surfaces; lower lamina cells much larger than up-

cells, round to hexagonaL 5-10 × 5-10pem, chlore- per ones, hyaline, rectangular, smooth, forming a

-134-

NII-Electronic Library Service The BryologicalSocietyBryological Society of Japan

ffgwaMfi (Bt:yol, Res.) 8(5), December 2002

-･･･････････････-･･-･･･-･･･････････-･--"'''"'''''2 distinct region with thicker transverse walls than or mitrate.

longitudinal ones. Fusiform propagules abundant 2. Leaves oblong, usually longer than 1 mm. Costa

on the adaxial surface of leaves, dark brown, com- slightly excurrent, and thus leaf apex occupied posed of 8-16 cells. with larger smooth cells and clearly different- Sexuality unknown, Perichaetia terminal. Peri- iated from surrounding small, circular lamina chaetial leaves almost similar to vegetative ones, cells with papillae, Peristome teeth inserted

with innermost several leave$ longer and Ioosely slightly below from the mouth level, broadly

surrounding sporophyte. Perigonia not seen. Ca- lanceolate. Calyptra small, mitrate, covering

lyptra cucullate, covering upper 1/3 of the capsule, only the upper part of opercula. Fusiform propa-

pale yellow, smooth, entire or with a few hairs at gules bright brown. Spores 35-40"rn in diame- ･･･････････････Hlypnodontopsis the base. ter. opicuJatus (Japan) Seta ca, O.6 mm long, smooth, strongly spiraling 2. Leaves spathulate, usually less than 1 mm long.

in both dry and wet conditions. Capsules im- Costa ceasing just below apex, and thus leaf

mersed among leaves when dry, shortly exserted apex occupied with ordinal, circular and papil-

above the leaves when moist, straight and sym- lose lamina cells. Peristome teeth inserted deep

metric, about O.6 mm long, ovoid, with deeply 8- within the mouth, narrowly lanceolate above.

ribbed and contracted belew the mouth when dry, Calyptra cucullate, covering upper 1!3 of cap-

elliptic to subglobose when moist. Opercula small, sule. Fusiform propagules dark brown to black- ･･･････-･ almost flat, ca. O.1 mm in diameter; dropped-off ish brown, Spores ca. 30pm in diameter, ･･････-･--･--･･ifyPnodontoPsis with calyptra in March. Annulus pale, arranged in spathulata (Myanmar)

single row. Exothecial cells rectangular, with

thicker longitudinal cell walls than transverse All the three extant species of ff)IPnodontoPsis

ones. Stomata absent. Peristome in a single row, are apparently very rare, However, in Japan, HL

open when dry. Peristome teeth pale yellow, ar- mpiculatus has been collected rather frequently in

ranged in 8-pairs, inserted deep within the mouth, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Honshu Districts, especially

broadly lanceolate at the base and linear- on the Pacific coast side of western Japan, It is

lanceolate at the upper portion, with distinctly noteworthy that Hl opiculatus usually grows on

developed palisade-like markings on both surfaces, tree trunks at low altitudes less than 100m in

Spores ca, 30ptm in diameter, sphericaL minutely suburban areas, which are much different from the

papillose or almost smooth. habitats of HL mexicana and Hl sPathulata, In addi- Specimen examined. Myanmar, Chin State, tion, H opiculatus bears sporophyte very rarely;

Natma Taung National Park, in the vicinity of examining more than twelve specimens of the spe-

Kanpetlet, ca, 175e m alt. colL Muizita et al, 22245 cies, we were able to find sporophytes only in the

(holotype in HYO; isotypes in CONN, HIRU}. type materia!. Habitat. Forming a sparse colony on a tree trunk

along a trail in open Mnus savannah, Sporophytes Acknowledgments

become mature around March (in the middle of dry

season), We thank to the staffs of Foresty Department of

Myanmar for their kind generosity during our re-

The three extant species can be distinguished as search, We also thank to Dr. M, Mizutani, the

follows: Hatteri Botanical Laboratery, fer his kind arrange- -･･ 1. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Calyptra cucullate. ment for loan of specimens, Dr. B. Goffinet, Univer- -･････HlyPnodontopsis mexicana (Mexico & Uganda) sity of Connecticut, and Dr, R. E. Seppelt for their

1. Leaves oblong to spathulate. Calyptra cucullate valuable comments and correction of English text,

-135-

NII-Electronic Library Service The BryologicalSocietyBryological Society of Japan

nfSvaen:Stl {B7yol, Res,) 8(5), December 2002

and ordinal athnities. Bryologist This study is partly supported by Grants-in-Aid circumscription 1OO(4): 425-439. from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, He, S, (1998), The floristic cornpesition and phytogeo- Sports and Science and Technology to the senior graphical connections of Thai mosses. J. Hattori author (14596007) and Dr, J, Murata {13375003}. Bot, Lab. 84: 121-134. Hodgetts, N.G. & B. Gothnet. (1998), 17)lpnodentoPsis mexicana H. Reb,, a genus and species new to Literature Cited (Ther.) Africa. J. Bryol, 20: 251-252. Iwatsuki, Z. (1957), The genus dyPnodon and its allies. Bartram, E. B. Burrna mosses, Farlowia 1(2): (1943). Bryologist 60: 299-310.

171-189. Robinson, H. (1964). New taxa and new records of Frahm, New and interesting recerds of JiP.(2000), bryophytes from Mexico and Central America. mosses and Amber. Lindber- from Baltic Saxonian Bryologist 67: 446-458. gia 25: 33-39. WWF & IUCN. (1994-1995). Centres of plant diver- Frahm, H)tpnodontopsis contertus comb. J.-P.(2001). sity. A guide and strategy for their conservation, nov. from Baltic amber. TropicalBryology 20:79- voL 3, xiv+578 pp. IUCN Publications Unit, Cam- 82.Gangulee, bridge. U. K, H.C, (1969-1980). Messes of eastern India and adjacent regions. Fasc. 1-8. Published by the August 29, 2002) author, (Accepted: Goffinet. B. {1997). The Rhachitheciaceae: R'evised

-136-

NII-Electronic Library Service