Jazyk Titulků V Překladech Z Norštiny

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Jazyk Titulků V Překladech Z Norštiny UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav germánských studií Katedra skandinavistiky Petra Hupáková JAZYK TITULKŮ V PŘEKLADECH Z NORŠTINY THE LANGUAGE OF SUBTITLES IN TRANSLATIONS FROM NORWEGIAN Diplomová práce Praha 2012 Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Petra Štajnerová, Ph.D. Na tomto místě bych chtěla poděkovat především vedoucí mé diplomové práce PhDr. Petře Štajnerové, Ph.D. za cenné rady a připomínky k práci. Poděkování za cenné informace a pomoc patří také PhDr. Jarce Vrbové. Nakonec bych chtěla poděkovat mé rodině za (nejen) psychickou podporu během celého studia. Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně, že jsem řádně citovala všechny použité prameny a literaturu a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. V … dne… podpis Abstrakt Cílem této diplomové práce je analýza překladu audiovizuálního materiálu z norštiny do češtiny. Teoretická část práce je věnována charakteristice audiovizuálního překladu s důrazem na titulkování. Pojednány jsou strategie a koncepty významné při překladu titulků a hlediska kvality překladu titulků. V praktické části je nejprve analyzován audiovizuální materiál originálu, film Lovci hlav, včetně jeho knižní předlohy. Následně je provedena analýza překladatelských strategií a řešení použitých při překladu titulků dle Lomheimova modelu. Pojednán je také překlad příznakové řeči, kulturně vázaných prvků a humoru. V závěru je zhodnocena kvalita překladu titulků. Klíčová slova: audiovizuální překlad, překlad, titulky, film, norština, čeština Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyse translations of audiovisual material from Norwegian to Czech. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses audiovisual translation in general, with special emphasis on subtitling. Strategies and concepts significant for the translation of subtitles are described, as well as different aspects of the quality of their translation. The empirical part analyses firstly the audiovisual material itself (the Headhunters movie) and consequently analyses the translation strategies and solutions used in the translation. The analysis is based on Lomheim’s model. The translation of marked speech, culturally bound elements and humor is also discussed. Finally, the quality of translation is assessed. Key words: audiovisual translation, translation, subtitles, film, Norwegian, Czech OBSAH Úvod ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1. Audiovizuální překlad ........................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Vymezení pojmu ............................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Vznik a vývoj AVP ......................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Dosavadní výzkum ......................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Typy AVP ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.4.1 Titulky ...................................................................................................................... 15 1.4.2 Dabing ...................................................................................................................... 18 1.4.3 Voice over ................................................................................................................ 19 1.5 Titulky vs. dabing ........................................................................................................... 20 1.6 AVP v České republice ................................................................................................... 23 1.7 Současné trendy a budoucnost ........................................................................................ 24 2. Titulkování ............................................................................................................................ 27 2.1 Prostorová dimenze ......................................................................................................... 27 2. 2 Časová dimenze ............................................................................................................. 28 2.3 Segmentace a dělení řádek .............................................................................................. 29 2.4 Interpunkce ..................................................................................................................... 31 3. Překlad titulků ....................................................................................................................... 33 3.1 Strategie při překladu titulků .......................................................................................... 36 3.1.1 Redukce, kondenzace a reformulace ....................................................................... 36 3.1.2 Vynechávání ............................................................................................................ 38 3.1.3 Expanze .................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Příznaková řeč ............................................................................................................. 40 3.3 Kulturně vázané prvky .................................................................................................... 43 3.4 Humor ............................................................................................................................. 45 3.5 Kvalita překladu titulků .................................................................................................. 48 4. Zkoumaný materiál – Lovci hlav .......................................................................................... 52 4.1 Fenomén severské detektivky ......................................................................................... 52 4.2 Jo Nesbø a kniha Lovci hlav ........................................................................................... 54 4.3 Film Lovci hlav ............................................................................................................... 57 4.3.1 Děj ............................................................................................................................ 58 4.3.2 Hlavní postavy ......................................................................................................... 59 4.4 Filmová adaptace knižní předlohy .................................................................................. 60 4.5 Jazyk filmu ...................................................................................................................... 63 4.5.1 Příznaková řeč .......................................................................................................... 63 4.5.2 Kulturně vázané prvky ............................................................................................. 66 4.5.3 Humor ...................................................................................................................... 66 5. Analýza překladových řešení ................................................................................................ 69 5.1 Postup při analýze překladu ............................................................................................ 69 5.1.2 Práce s dialogovou listinou ...................................................................................... 69 5.1.3 Rozdělení do kategorií ............................................................................................. 72 5.2 Technické zpracování ..................................................................................................... 73 5.3 Překladatelské strategie ................................................................................................... 78 5.3.1 Překlad ..................................................................................................................... 80 5.3.2 Redukce ................................................................................................................... 83 5.3.3 Expanze .................................................................................................................... 87 5.3.4 Ostatní strategie ....................................................................................................... 88 5.4 Překlad příznakové řeči, kulturně vázaných prvků a humoru ........................................ 90 5.5 Kvalita překladu .............................................................................................................. 94 Závěr ......................................................................................................................................... 98 BIBLIOGRAFIE ..................................................................................................................... 100 PŘÍLOHA 1 ............................................................................................................................ 106 Úvod Dnešní doba se nese ve znamení rozvoje moderních technologií, které hrají stále významnější roli v životě každého z nás. Nejinak je tomu také v oblasti překladu. Audiovizuální překlad (AVP), tedy překlad (zejména) pro televize, kina a DVD, se sice jako podobor překladatelství etabloval teprve poměrně nedávno, získává si však stále
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