Gas Phase Alkylation-Liquid Phase Transalkylation Process

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Gas Phase Alkylation-Liquid Phase Transalkylation Process ~™ IIINMNNIIMIIIINIIINNII (19) J European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (11) EP 0 879 809 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) |nt. CI.6: C07C 15/073, C07C 2/66 25.11.1998 Bulletin 1998/48 //B01J29/035 (21) Application number: 98109045.9 (22) Date of filing: 19.05.1998 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Merrill, James T. AT BE CH CY DE DK ES Fl FR GB GR IE IT LI LU Katy, Texas 77449 (US) MCNLPTSE • Butler, James R. Designated Extension States: Houston, Texas 77059 (US) AL LT LV MK RO SI (74) Representative: (30) Priority: 21.05.1997 US 861206 Leyder, Francis et al c/o Fina Research S.A. (71) Applicant: FINA TECHNOLOGY, INC. Dept. Brevets Dallas, Texas 75206 (US) Zone Industrielle C 7181 Seneffe (Feluy) (BE) (72) Inventors: • Ghosh, Ashim Kumar Houston, Texas 77059 (US) (54) Gas phase alkylation-liquid phase transalkylation process (57) Process for the production of ethylbenzene by aromatic fraction is subject to disproportionation to pro- alkylation over a silicalite alkylation catalyst with the vide a reduced diethylbenzene content and an subsequent transalkylation of diethylbenzene with the enhanced ethylbenzene content. A specific monoclinic alkylation catalyst and conditions selected to retard silicalite alkylation catalyst has a silica/alumina ratio of xylene production and also heavies production. A feed- at least 300 and has a crystal size of less than one stock containing benzene and ethylene is applied to a micron. multi-stage alkylation reaction zone having a plurality of series-connected catalyst beds containing a pentasil molecular sieve alkylation catalyst which is silicalite of a predominantly monoclinic symmetry having a silica/alu- mina ratio of at least 275. The feedstock is supplied to the alkylation reaction zone to cause gas-phase ethyla- tion of benzene at a flow rate to provide a space velocity of benzene over the catalyst to produce a xylene con- centration in the product of about 600 ppm or less based upon the ethylbenzene content. Periodically the space velocity may be increased to a value which is greater than the space velocity associated with a mini- mum concentration of diethylbenzene in the alkylation product such that diethylbenzene production is enhanced while minimizing any attendant transalkyla- tion reactions within the alkylation reaction zone. This is accompanied by a relatively low xylene content in the product, specifically no more than 600 based <7> ppm upon O the ethylbenzene in the product. The output from the CO alkylation reactor is applied to an intermediate recovery <7> zone for the separation and recovery of ethylbenzene with the recovery of a polyalkylated aromatic compo- co nent which is supplied along with benzene to a o transalkylation reaction zone where the polyalkylated Q_ LU Printed by Xerox (UK) Business Services 2.16.6/3.4 1 EP 0 879 809 A1 2 Description passed to a separation system in which ethylbenzene product is recovered, with the recycle of polyethylben- FIELD OF THE INVENTION zenes to the alkylation reactor where they undergo transalkylation reactions with benzene. The Dwyer cat- This invention involves an aromatic alkyla- s alysts are characterized in terms of those having a con- tion/transalkylation process involving vapor phase ethyl- straint index within the approximate range of 1-12 and ation of benzene over a silicalite aromatic alkylation include, with the constraint index in parenthesis, ZSM-5 catalyst under conditions providing enhanced diethyl- (8.3), ZSM-1 1 (8.7), ZSM-12 (2), ZSM-35 (4.5), ZSM-38 benzene production and diminished xylene production (2), and similar materials. and followed by a subsequent liquid phase transalkyla- 10 A silicalite is a well-known alkylation catalyst. For tion over a relatively large pore size zeolite transalkyla- example, U.S. Patent No. 4,520,220 to Watson et al dis- tion catalyst. closes the use of silicalite catalysts having a average crystal size of less than 8 microns and a silica/alumina BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ratio of at least about 200 in the ethylation of a aromatic 15 substrate such as benzene or toluene to produce ethyl- Aromatic conversion processes which are carried benzene or ethyltoluene, respectively. As disclosed in out over molecular sieve catalyst are well known in the Watson et al, the alkylation procedure can be carried chemical processing industry. Such aromatic conver- out in a multi-bed alkylation reactor at temperatures rag- sion reactions include the alkylation of aromatic sub- ing from about 350°-500°C. and, more desirably, about strates such as benzene to produce alkyl aromatics 20 400°-475°C, with or without a steam co-feed. The reac- such as ethylbenzene, ethyltoluene, cumene or higher tor conditions in Watson et al are such as provide gen- aromatics and the transalkylation of polyalkyl benzenes erally for vapor phase alkylation conditions. to monoalkyl benzenes. Typically, a alkylation reactor Another procedure employing silicalite and involv- which produces a mixture of mono- and poly- alkyl ben- ing the ethylation of benzene under vapor phase reac- zenes may be coupled through various separation 25 tion conditions coupled with the recycle of stages to a downstream transalkylation reactor. Such polyethylbenzene containing products back to the alkylation and transalkylation conversion processes can alkylation reactor is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. be carried out in the liquid phase, in the vapor phase or 4,922,053 to Wagnespack. Here, alkylation is carried under conditions in which both liquid and vapor phases out at temperatures generally in the rage of 370°C. to are present. 30 about 470°C. and pressures ranging from atmospheric Alkylation and transalkylation reactions may occur up to about 25 atmospheres over a catalyst such as sil- simultaneously within a single reactor. For example, icalite or ZSM-5. The catalysts are described as being where various series-connected catalyst beds are moisture sensitive and care is taken to prevent the pres- employed in a alkylation reactor as described below, it is ence of moisture in the reaction zone. The alkyla- a conventional practice to employ interstage injection of 35 tion/transalkylation reactor comprises four series the aromatic substrate between the catalyst beds, connected catalyst beds. Benzene and ethylene are which tends to enhance transalkylation reactions within introduced into the top of the reactor to the first catalyst the alkylation reactor. For example, in the ethylation of bed coupled by recycle of a polyethylbenzene fraction to benzene with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene, the the top of the first catalyst bed as well as the interstage alkylation product within the reactor includes not only 40 injection of polyethylbenzene and benzene at different ethylbenzene but also polyethylbenzene, principally points in the reactor. diethylbenzene with reduced amounts of triethylben- Another process involving the use of a silicalite as a zene, as well as other alkylated aromatics such as alkylation catalyst involves the alkylation of an alkylben- cumene and butylbenzene. The interstage injection of zene substrate in order to produce dialkylbenzene of a the ethylene results not only further in elation reactions 45 suppressed ortho isomer content. Thus, as disclosed in but also transalkylation reactions where, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,489,214 to Butler et al, silicalite is benzene and diethylbenzene undergo transalkylation to employed as a catalyst in the alkylation of a produce ethylbenzene. Thus, even though a separate monoalkylated substrate, toluene or ethylbenzene, in transalkylation reactor is connected downstream order to produce the corresponding dialkylbenzene, through a series of separation stages, it is the accepted so such as toluene or diethylbenzene. Specifically dis- practice to minimize polyalkylation within the alkylation closed in Butler et al is the ethylation of toluene to pro- reactor in order to facilitate the subsequent treatment duce ethyltoluene under vapor phase conditions at and separation steps. temperatures raging from 350°-500°C. As disclosed in An example of vapor phase alkylation is found in Butler, the presence of ortho ethyltoluene in the reaction U.S. Patent No. 4,107,224 to Dwyer. Here, vapor phase 55 product is substantially less than the thermodynamic ethylation of benzene over a zeolite catalyst is accom- equilibrium amount at the vapor phase reaction condi- plished in a down flow reactor having four series con- tions employed. nected catalyst beds. The output from the reactor is U.S. Patent No. 4,185,040 to Ward et al discloses a 2 3 EP 0 879 809 A1 4 alkylation process employing a molecular sieve catalyst use of separate alkylation and transalkylation reaction of low sodium content which is said to be especially zones, with recycle of the transalkylated product to a useful in the production of ethylbenzene from benzene intermediate separation zone. In the Barger process, and ethylene and cumene from benzene and propylene. the temperature and pressure conditions are adjusted The Na20 content of the zeolite should be less than 0.5 5 so that the alkylation and transalkylation reactions take wt. %. Examples of suitable zeolites include molecular place in essentially the liquid phase. The transalkylation sieves of the X, Y, L, B, ZSM-5, and omega crystal catalyst is a aluminosilicate molecular sieve including X- types, with steam stabilized hydrogen Y zeolite being type, Y-type, ultrastable-Y, L-type, omega type and mor- preferred. Specifically disclosed is a steam stabilized denite type zeolites with the latter being preferred. The ammonium Y zeolite containing about 0.2% Na20. Var- w catalyst employed in the alkylation reaction zone is a ious catalyst shapes are disclosed in the Ward et al pat- solid phosphoric acid containing material. Aluminosili- ent. While cylindrical extrudates may be employed, a cate alkylation catalysts may also be employed and particularly preferred catalyst shape is a so-called "trilo- water varying from 0.01 to 6 volume percent is supplied bal" shape which is configured as something in the to the alkylation reaction zone.
Recommended publications
  • Disproportionation and Transalkylation of Alkylbenzenes Over Zeolite Catalysts
    Applied Catalysis A: General 181 (1999) 355±398 Disproportionation and transalkylation of alkylbenzenes over zeolite catalysts Tseng-Chang Tsaia, Shang-Bin Liub, Ikai Wangc,* aRe®ning and Manufacturing Research Center, Chinese Petroleum Corporation, Chiayi 600, Taiwan bInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, PO Box 23-166, Taipei 106, Taiwan cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Received 13 June 1998; received in revised form 3 October 1998; accepted 5 November 1998 Abstract Disproportionation and transalkylation are important processes for the interconversion of mono-, di-, and tri-alkylbenzenes. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in process technology with special focus on improvements of para-isomer selectivity and catalyst stability. Extensive patent search and discussion on technology development are presented. The key criteria for process development are identi®ed. The working principles of para-isomer selectivity improvements involve the reduction of diffusivity and the inactivation of external surface. In conjunction with the fundamental research, various practical modi®cation aspects particularly the pre-coking and the silica deposition techniques, are extensively reviewed. The impact of para-isomer selective technology on process economics and product recovery strategy is discussed. Furthermore, perspective trends in related research and development are provided. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Disproportionation; Transalkylation;
    [Show full text]
  • Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Scope and Future André Mortreux, Olivier Coutelier
    Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Scope And Future André Mortreux, Olivier Coutelier To cite this version: André Mortreux, Olivier Coutelier. Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts: Scope And Future. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Elsevier, 2006, 254, pp.96-104. 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.03.054. hal-00107451 HAL Id: hal-00107451 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00107451 Submitted on 18 Oct 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ALKYNE METATHESIS CATALYSTS: SCOPE AND FUTURE. André Mortreux*, Olivier Coutelier Laboratoire de Catalyse de Lille UMR 8010 CNRS USTL-ENSCL, BP 90108, 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex France Corresponding author.Tel +33320434993 ;Fax+33320434486 E-mail adress: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents the evolution of alkyne metathesis since the early discoveries, essentially from the catalyst point of view. It is shown that although well defined carbynes may be useful for this reaction, further work has been made, aimed at the synthesis of new catalysts or catalytic systems, based on molybdenum precursors , associated or not with phenolic co- catalysts. The major objectives have been to obtain more functional groups tolerants catalysts, for their application in organic synthesis, including RCM for further stereoselective hydrogenation of the triple bond in the cycle, as well as for polymerization of aromatic diynes.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring the Structure–Reactivity Relationship in Epoxidized Perilla and Safflower Oil Thermosetting Resins
    Monitoring the structure–reactivity relationship in epoxidized perilla and safflower oil thermosetting resins Thi-Nguyet Tran, Chiara Di Mauro, Alain Graillot, Alice Mija To cite this version: Thi-Nguyet Tran, Chiara Di Mauro, Alain Graillot, Alice Mija. Monitoring the structure–reactivity relationship in epoxidized perilla and safflower oil thermosetting resins. Polymer Chemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry - RSC, 2020, 11 (31), pp.5088-5097. 10.1039/D0PY00688B. hal-02902528v2 HAL Id: hal-02902528 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02902528v2 Submitted on 27 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Polymer Chemistry PAPER Monitoring the structure–reactivity relationship in epoxidized perilla and safflower oil thermosetting Cite this: Polym. Chem., 2020, 11, 5088 resins† Thi-Nguyet Tran,a Chiara Di Mauro,a Alain Graillot b and Alice Mija *a For the first time, the effect of reactant structure, stoichiometry and heating rate on the reactivity of epox- idized perilla oil (EPLO) and epoxidized safflower oil (ESFO) with dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) was studied using in situ FT-IR. The epoxy content in the monomer structure was found to affect the copolymeriza- tion system’s reactivity, with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) considered as a reference.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Catalysis 281 (2011) 21–29
    Journal of Catalysis 281 (2011) 21–29 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Catalysis journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jcat Bifunctional transalkylation and hydrodeoxygenation of anisole over a Pt/HBeta catalyst ⇑ Xinli Zhu, Lance L. Lobban, Richard G. Mallinson, Daniel E. Resasco Center for Biomass Refining, School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA article info abstract Article history: The catalytic conversion of anisole (methoxybenzene), a phenolic model compound representing a ther- Received 1 December 2010 mal conversion product of biomass lignin, to gasoline-range molecules has been investigated over a Revised 20 March 2011 bifunctional Pt/HBeta catalyst at 400 °C and atmospheric pressure. The product distribution obtained Accepted 30 March 2011 on the bifunctional catalyst was compared with those obtained on monofunctional catalysts (HBeta Available online 19 May 2011 and Pt/SiO2). This comparison indicates that the acidic function (HBeta) catalyzes the methyl transfer reaction (transalkylation) from methoxyl to the phenolic ring, yielding phenol, cresols, and xylenols as Keywords: the major products. The metal function catalyzes demethylation, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrogena- Bifunctional hydrodeoxygenation tion in sequence, resulting in phenol, benzene, and cyclohexane. On the bifunctional catalyst, both methyl Phenolic compound Pt/HBeta transfer and hydrodeoxygenation are achieved at significantly higher rates than over the monofunctional Anisole catalysts, leading to the formation of benzene, toluene, and xylenes with lower hydrogen consumption Lignin and a significant reduction in carbon losses, in comparison with the metal function alone. In addition, Hydrogenation on the bifunctional Pt/HBeta, the rate of deactivation and coke deposition are moderately reduced.
    [Show full text]
  • Methyltransferase-Directed Covalent Coupling of Fluorophores To
    Chemical Science View Article Online EDGE ARTICLE View Journal | View Issue Methyltransferase-directed covalent coupling of fluorophores to DNA† Cite this: Chem. Sci.,2017,8,3804 Milena Helmer Lauer,‡ab Charlotte Vranken,‡a Jochem Deen,a Wout Frederickx,a Willem Vanderlinden,a Nathaniel Wand,c Volker Leen,a Marcelo H. Gehlen,b Johan Hofkensa and Robert K. Neely*c We report an assay for determining the number of fluorophores conjugated to single plasmid DNA molecules and apply this to compare the efficiency of fluorophore coupling strategies for covalent DNA labelling. We compare a copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction, amine to N- hydroxysuccinimidyl ester coupling reaction and strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction for fluorescent DNA labelling. We found increased labelling efficiency going from the amine to N- hydroxysuccinimidyl ester coupling reaction to the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition and found the highest degree of DNA labelling with the strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. We also examined the effect of labelling on the DNA structure using atomic force microscopy. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. We observe no distortions or damage to the DNA that was labeled using the amine to N- Received 21st September 2016 hydroxysuccinimidyl ester and strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition coupling reactions. This was Accepted 13th March 2017 in contrast to the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction, which, despite the use of DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04229e copper-coordinating ligands in the labelling mixture, leads to some structural DNA damage (single- rsc.li/chemical-science stranded DNA breaks). Introduction reactions with extended and complex chemical moieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Acid Strength Measurements of Amberlyst 15 Resin, P-Xylene-2
    Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-019-01551-7 Acid strength measurements of Amberlyst 15 resin, p‑xylene‑2‑sulfonic acid and chlorosulfonic and sulfuric acid treated SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and MgO Marek Marczewski1 · Monika Aleksandrowicz1 · Ewelina Brzezińska1 · Maja Podlewska1 · Mateusz Rychlik1 · Sandra Żmuda1 · Urszula Ulkowska1 · Marek Gliński1 · Osazuwa Osawaru2 Received: 22 November 2018 / Accepted: 11 February 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The measurements of the minimum acid strength (H Omin) required for the ini- tiation of cis-stilbene at 303 K and tert-butylbenzene at 313 K, 323 K and 333 K have enabled the establishment of a much more precise acid strength scale based on test reactions. HOmin values obtained were: − 9.0 (cis-stilbene, 303 K), − 9.3, − 9.5 and − 9.9 (tert-butylbenzene, 313 K, 323 K, 333 K). The updated method was used for the determination of the acid strength of diferent catalysts obtained in the reaction of chlorosulfonic and sulfuric acid on diferent oxide carriers. It was found that the acid strength values depended on the basicity of the studied supports. For the supports treated with chlorosulfonic acid the values of acid strength were: − 11.5 < HO ≤ − 10.8 in the case of the less basic SiO 2 and − 9.3 < HO ≤ − 9.0 for the more basic TiO2, Al2O3 and MgO. For the supports treated with sulfuric acid the acid strength was: -9.3 < HO ≤ -9.0 for the less basic SiO2 and TiO2, − 9.0 < HO ≤ − 7.9 for the more basic Al 2O3 and − 7.9 < HO ≤ − 6.9 for the most basic MgO.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: S.902,9179 9 Collins Et Al
    USOO5902917A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: S.902,9179 9 Collins et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 11, 1999 54 ALKYLAROMATICS PRODUCTION 4,857,666 8/1989 Barger et al. ........................... 585/323 4,870,222 9/1989 Bakas et al. ............................ 585/323 75 Inventors: Nick A. Collins, Fall Branch, Tenn.; 4,891,458 1/1990 Innes et al. ............................. 585/323 Dominick N. MaZZOne, Wenonah: 5,149,894 9/1992 Holtermann et al. ................... 585/467 s 5,177.285 1/1993 Van Opdorp et al. .................. 585/467 Shya R. Venkat, Princeton, both of 5,453,554 9/1995 Cheng et al. ........................... 585/467 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 73 Assignee: Mobil Oil Corporation, Fairfax, Va. Catalysis of Organic Reactions, Mobil/Badger Ethylben 21 Appl. No.: 08/980,108 ZCC Process-Chemistry and Catalytic Implications, pp. 39-50, by Francis G. Dwyer. 22 Filed: Nov. 26, 1997 6 Primary Examiner-Glenn Caldarola 51 Int. Cl. ............................... CO7C 100, COS 2/64; Assistant Examiner Thuan D. Dang 52 U.S. CI si'sS.S., Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Peter W. Roberts; Malcolm D. O X O -- O - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Keen 585/449; 585/467; 585/475 58 Field of Search ..................................... 585/310,315, 57 ABSTRACT 585/316, 319, 323,449, 467, 475 There is provided a process for producing alkylaromatics, especially ethylbenzene and cumene, wherein a feedstock is 56) References Cited first fed to a transalkylation Zone and the entire effluent from U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS the transalkylation Zone is then cascaded directly into an 3,200,163 8/1965 Fensk. 260/671 alkylation Zone along with an olefin alkylating agent, espe 3,751,50421 - -2 8/1973 KeownCISKC et.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,487.978 Kruse Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,487.978 Kruse et al. 45) Date of Patent: Dec. 11, 1984 54 HIGH YELD PROCESS FOR PREPARING 4, 9,544 2/1979 Rutledge ............................. 260/396 4,4'-BIPHENOL AND , 50,243 4/1979 Bruck et al. ........................ 568/805 TERTALKYLATED-ALKYLBENZENES 4, 195,189 2/1979 Earley ................................. 568/730 4,205,187 5/1980 Gardenas et al. ................... 563/730 (75) Inventors: Walter M. Kruse, Wilmington, Del.: 4,243,822 6/1981 Demler et al. ...................... 568/730 John F. Stephen, West Chester, Pa. 4,354,047 10/1982 Strom .................................. 568/730 4,354,048 10/1982 Strom.................................. 568/730 73) Assignee: ICI Americas Inc., Wilmington, Del. 4,414,422 11/1983 Ash et al. ............................ 568/724 21 Appl. No.: 514,256 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 22 Filed: Jul. 15, 1983 M. Tashiro, "Selective Synthesis of Aromatic Cmpds. (51) Int. Cl. .............................................. C07C39/15 Using Positional Protective Groups', Synthesis, (1949), 52) U.S. Cl. ..................................... 568/730; 585/319 pp. 921-924. (58) Field of Search ......................... 568/730; 585/319 Primary Examiner-Werren B. Lone (56) References Cited Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Richard A. Rowe U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (57) ABSTRACT 2,792,427 5/1957 Houtson et al. .................... 260/613 Biphenol and para substituted alkylbenzene derivatives 3,562,338 2/1971 Zaweski .............................. 260/62O are produced in high yield and purity by heating alkyl 3,631,208 12/1971 Hay ............ ... 260/619 R 4,100,205 7/1978 Rutledge ... ... 568/730 benzene solvent solutions of tetraalkyl substituted 4,4'- 4, 101,561 7/1978 Rutledge ... ... 260/396 biphenols in the presence of strong acid catalyst.
    [Show full text]
  • Transalkylation Process Transalkylierungsverfahren Procede De Transalkylation
    ~™ mi mi ii ii mil ii in ii i ii (19) J European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (11) EP 0 467 007 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publicationation and mention (51) |nt. CI.6: C07C 15/02 of the grant of the patent: 17.04.1996 Bulletin 1996/16 (21) Application number: 90870113.9 (22) Date of filing: 18.07.1990 (54) Transalkylation process Transalkylierungsverfahren Procede de transalkylation (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Leyder, Francis et al BE DE FR GB IT NL c/o Fina Research S.A. Zone Industrielle C (43) Date of publication of application: B-7181 Feluy (BE) 22.01.1992 Bulletin 1992/04 (56) References cited: (73) Proprietor: FIN A TECHNOLOGY, INC. DE-A-3 437 615 US-A-4169111 Dallas, Texas 75206 (US) US-A- 4 459 426 US-A- 4 555 311 (72) Inventor: Butler, James R. Remarks: Houston, Texas (US) The file contains technical information submitted after the application was filed and not included in this specification CO r»- o o CO Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in o a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. Q_ 99(1) European Patent Convention). LU Printed by Rank Xerox (UK) Business Services 2.11.2/3.4 1 EP 0 467 007 B1 2 Description Another portion containing principally benzene, cumene, propane and di-and tri-isopropylbenzene is supplied to FIELD OF THE INVENTION a separation zone.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitrimers Via Transalkylation of Trialkylsulfonium Salts Benjamin Hendriks, Jelle Waelkens, Johan M
    This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. Letter pubs.acs.org/macroletters Poly(thioether) Vitrimers via Transalkylation of Trialkylsulfonium Salts Benjamin Hendriks, Jelle Waelkens, Johan M. Winne,* and Filip E. Du Prez* Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Vitrimers are permanently cross-linked organic polymers that can be reshaped, molded, and recycled without loss of network integrity. Herein, we report poly(thioether) networks, prepared through a straightforward thiol−ene photopolymerization, that can be turned into catalyst-free vitrimer materials by partial alkylation of the thioethers (1− 10%) to the corresponding trialkylsulfonium salts. Based on a classical SN2-type substitution, the resulting polyionic net- works can be reshaped upon heating via swift transalkylation reactions. This novel exchange reaction for the design of vitrimers was studied both on low MW model compounds as well as on a material level. In addition, we demonstrated the recycling of these networks without significant loss of mechanical properties. he desirable but antipodal characteristics of thermosetting T and thermoplastic polymers, respectively, resistance to deformation or dissolution, and thermal plasticity for processing and recycling can be achieved by the introduction of exchangeable chemical bonds in a polymer network. Networks containing exchangeable cross-links are also known as covalent adaptable networks (CANs).1 A subset of CANs rely on an associative (or concerted) bond exchange reaction, rather than the more common dissociative exchange reactions in which bonds are first broken and then reformed.2 Uniquely, associative bond exchanges permit network reorganizations and Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • How Non-Conventional Feedstocks Will Affect Aromatics Technologies E
    New Technologies and Alternative Feedstocks in Petrochemistry and Refining DGMK Conference October 9 – 11, 2013, Dresden, Germany How non-conventional Feedstocks will affect Aromatics Technologies E. Köhler Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany Abstract The abundance of non-conventional feedstocks such as coal and shale gas has begun to affect the availability of traditional base chemicals such as propylene and BTX aromatics. Although this trend is primarily fueled by the fast growing shale gas economy in the US and the abundance of coal in China, it will cause the global supply and demand situation to equilibrate across the regions. Lower demand for gasoline and consequently less aromatics- rich reformate from refineries will further tighten the aromatics markets that are expected to grow at healthy rates, however. Refiners can benefit from this trend by abandoning their traditional fuel-oriented business model and becoming producers of petrochemical intermediates, with special focus on paraxylene (PX). Cheap gas from coal (via gasification) or shale reserves is an advantaged feedstock that offers a great platform to make aromatics in a cost-competitive manner, especially in regions where naphtha is in short supply. Gas condensates (LPG and naphtha) are good feedstocks for paraffin aromatization, and methanol from coal or (shale) gas can be directly converted to BTX aromatics (MTA) or alkylated with benzene or toluene to make paraxylene. Most of today’s technologies for the production and upgrading of BTX aromatics and
    [Show full text]
  • Catalytic Synthesis of Isopropyl Benzene from Di Isopropyl Benzene Using Triflic Acid Catalyst at Room Temperature
    Available online www.ejaet.com European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology, 2016, 3(2): 21-26 Research Article ISSN: 2394 - 658X Catalytic Synthesis of Isopropyl Benzene from Di isopropyl Benzene using Triflic Acid Catalyst at Room Temperature M Shahid Mirza, Zunair Shahzad, Umar Shafiq and Ahmad Mukhtar Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC IE&FR Faisalabad, Pakistan [email protected] _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The significance of isopropyl benzene has made isopropylation reactions the most widely studied using a wide range of catalysts such as Lewis acids (metal halides) i.e. aluminum chloride, and inorganic acids (Bronsted acids) i.e. sulphuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, supported phosphoric acid, and zeolite. Therefore, in order to produce higher yield of isopropyl benzene from di isopropyl benzenes which are the results of the above isopropylation processes, a series of isomerization and trans alkylation reactions of p- and m-di isopropyl benzenes in the presence of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (Triflic acid) as catalyst with different molar ratios 1:1, 1:3 and 1:6 of catalyst to each isomer were carried out in liquid phase under atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The results shows that the isomerization and trans alkylation reactions gives higher yield of cumene (46 mol%) at 1:1 molar ratio with both isomers. When the molar ratio of isomer to benzene increases, the conversion of di isopropyl benzene isomers and the yield of cumene also increase. Key words: Isopropyl Benzene, Triflic Acid, GLC Analysis, Trans alkylation and Isomerization _____________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Cumene (CAS no. 98-82-8; C 9H12 ) 2-phenylpropane, isopropylbenzene, 1-methylethyl-benzene is a volatile, colorless liquid at room temperature with a characteristic sharp, penetrating, aromatic odor.
    [Show full text]