E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1995 No. 151 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Wednesday, September 27, 1995, at 12 noon. Senate TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1995

(Legislative day of Monday, September 25, 1995)

The Senate met at 9:30 a.m., on the RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING The assistant legislative clerk read expiration of the recess, and was called MAJORITY LEADER as follows: to order by the President pro tempore The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The A bill (H.R. 2099) making appropriations [Mr. THURMOND]. acting majority leader is recognized. for the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and for f sundry independent agencies, boards, com- PRAYER SCHEDULE missions, corporations, and offices for the Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, this fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, and for The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John other purposes. Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: morning the leader time has been re- served. The Senate resumed consideration of Our Father, You have created us to The Senate will resume consideration the bill. glorify You and enjoy You forever. of H.R. 2099, the VA–HUD appropria- Pending: When we trust You, You turn our tions bill. Under a previous consent Bumpers amendment No. 2776 (to com- struggles into stepping stones. We agreement, at 11 o’clock today the Sen- mittee amendment on page 158, lines 13–14), to reduce the appropriation for the imple- know Your promise is true: You will ate will resume debate on the Bumpers never leave us or forsake us. You give mentation of the space station program for space station amendment with a vote the purpose of terminating the program. us strength when we are weak, gracious to occur on or in relation to that Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I sug- correction when we fail, and amendment at approximately 2:15 p.m. gest the absence of a quorum. undeserved grace when we need it today. most. You lift us up when we fall and As a reminder to all Senators, the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The give us new chances when we need Senate will recess from the hours of clerk will call the roll. hope. And just when we think there is 12:30 to 2:15 today for the weekly policy The assistant legislative clerk pro- no place to turn You meet us and help conference meetings. ceeded to call the roll. us return to You. We say with the Thank you, Mr. President. Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for psalmist, ‘‘Bless the Lord O my soul, f and all that is within me bless His holy the quorum call be rescinded. RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. name! Bless the Lord, O my soul and THOMAS). Without objection, it is so or- forget not all of His benefits.’’—Psalm The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under dered. 103:1–2. the previous order, leadership time is reserved. Ms. MIKULSKI. I ask unanimous Lord, we want our work this day to f consent that I may speak as if in morn- be an expression of our grateful wor- ing business. ship. You have called us to lead this DEPARTMENTS OF VETERANS AF- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Nation. Fill us with Your spirit. Infi- FAIRS AND HOUSING AND URBAN objection? The Chair hears none, and it nite wisdom, we need Your perspective, DEVELOPMENT, AND INDE- is so ordered. PENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIA- plan, and purpose. We must make cru- f cial evaluations and decisive decisions. TIONS ACT, 1996 The future of this Nation is dependent The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under DEATH OF BESSIE DELANY on Your guidance. Thank You for mak- the previous order, the Senate will now Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I note ing us wise. In the name of our blessed resume consideration of H.R. 2099, that my colleague, who is managing Lord. Amen. which the clerk will report. the VA–HUD bill, which is before the

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Senate today, will speak on environ- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, we are HUD bills or other legislation or that mental matters in our legislation. But anxiously awaiting colleagues who eliminate duplication or unnecessary before he does, I wanted to bring to the want to come down and either offer spending. Let me tell you about the Senate’s attention the death of some- amendments or debate the measures provisions. one who really has been an outstanding before us. Several of our colleagues First, we would prohibit the EPA American citizen. have expressed an interest in speaking from requiring centralized inspection Bessie Delany died Monday at the on the space station. We have a 11⁄2- maintenance facilities in fiscal year age of 104 in her home in Mount hour time agreement, equally divided. 1996. This is the same language that Vernon, NY. Many Americans know her At least on our side, that time is al- was included in the National Highway as part of the Delany sisters. Dr. Bessie most completely used up. System bill, supported by a large num- Delany and her sister, Sadie Delany, So, if anybody feels the need to speak ber of Senators. It is clear that the pro- lived through the most remarkable pe- for the space station—it might also be visions for central inspection and riod in American history, from about true for those opposing it—this would maintenance are going to cause tre- the 1880’s all the way until now. They be a good time to come. We would like mendous headaches without the bene- saw the end of slavery. They lived to hear what they have to say. But as fits that are needed, and we can do it in through the era where people moved we indicated yesterday, the majority a less intrusive, bureaucratic way. from the South. Bessie Delany was one leader and the Democratic leader, as Second, this measure, as reported out of the first African-American women to well as the rest of us, know we have to of the committee, would prohibit the become a physician in the United get these appropriations bills finished EPA from requiring employers to adopt States. She was the second African- by September 30, and our ability to car-pooling plans in fiscal year 1996. American woman to practice dentistry begin the recess on October 2 depends This language is one of the House rid- in New York, having graduated from upon our completing this work. So we ers. It is the same language included in Columbia University in 1923. are pressed for time. We do invite any- the fiscal year 1995 rescission bill. If About 5 years ago, she and her sister body who has measures or has views on workers in America want the Federal became famous when they wrote, coau- measures that will be on this bill to Government telling them how they can thored with Amy Hill Hearth, a book come down and address them now be- get to work and demanding putting re- called ‘‘Having Our Say: The Delany cause this will be the best time to do strictions and requirements on how Sisters’ First 100 Years.’’ In April, a so. they go to work, then they should not play opened on Broadway telling their But since we do have some time, I support this rider. I do not believe, story. thought it might be helpful for my col- talking to the people in my State, that I read their great book called ‘‘Hav- leagues who may be getting all kinds of they want the Federal Government ing Our Say,’’ and it is a remarkable calls from organizations that are op- telling them how they get to work in tribute of courage, character, and com- posed to measures that we put forth in the morning and how they get home in petency. the bill to explain a little bit about the evening. Both of these women overcame in- what we have done in the EPA section. Third, we would in the committee credible odds to make a substantial The National Wildlife Federation has a recommendation prohibit EPA from contribution to the American commu- hotline going out saying there are regulating radon and several other nity. And overcoming all of the bias re- drinking water contaminants in fiscal lated to racism, all the obstacles for damaging riders; we are doing all kinds year 1996 unless the drinking water law which there were very skimpy oppor- of terrible things to the Environmental is reauthorized. It is a very important tunity structures available to them, Protection Agency. The National Au- measure pending before the Environ- both—one went on to be a teacher, and dubon Society says we are crippling ment and Public Works Committee to Bessie Delany became, as I said, a phy- the Agency and there is a backdoor at- reauthorize the safe drinking water sician. tempt to strike out provisions in the All of America is sorry to see Dr. EPA laws. law. I think the provision that we have Bessie Delany move on. We are very Frankly, that is just not true. The in this measure is fully consistent with sorry about her death. We extend our environmental progress in this country the attempts by the EPA, which itself sympathy to her family. But as a great has been significant. We have in the has been trying to negotiate extensions tribute to her and her remarkable life, last 25 years come a long way toward to court-ordered deadlines for low-pri- I really encourage all who are listening cleaning up our environment. I am ority contaminants. For each of the here to go to the library and get this very proud of the progress we have contaminants in question, the risk is remarkable book, ‘‘Having Our Say,’’ made. I want to see that progress con- relatively low or the science is not because in listening to what the tinue. fully supported by science-based But I think we have come to the Delanys say, both this remarkable rulemakings. This action has been re- point now where we demand that the teacher and this remarkable physician quested by the National Governors’ As- progress be on the basis of common have a lot of lessons to teach us and to sociation, the League of Cities, the As- sense, of justifiable actions, of using give us, also, a navigational chart for sociation of Metropolitan Water Agen- sound science, of not duplicating ef- the healing that needs to go on in our cies, the American Waterworks Asso- forts, and making sure that the dollars society. ciation, the National Association of So to Dr. Bessie Delany, wherever we spend on the environment, whether Water Companies, the National Rural she is in God’s great glory, we just they are appropriated dollars or wheth- Water Association, and the Natural thank her for what she has done for er they are dollars that others, State Water Resources Association. this country. We express our condo- governments, local governments, not- Frankly, there has been a lot of con- lences to her sister Sadie. And as a for-profits businesses, and individuals cern these days about E. coli and tribute we urge you read this remark- have to pay to comply with the envi- cryptosporidium, and these agencies able book about their lives. ronmental laws are spent properly. want local water systems to devote Mr. President, I yield the floor. Now, let me go through, for the ben- their time and their resources to keep- efit of my colleagues and those who ing those known, dangerous contami- f may be watching, the so-called riders nants out of the water supply. To the DEPARTMENTS OF VETERANS AF- or legislative provisions that are in- extent that they are required to test FAIRS AND HOUSING AND URBAN cluded in this bill. The recommenda- for and develop means of dealing with DEVELOPMENT, AND INDE- tion of the Senate Appropriations Com- other low-priority contaminants where PENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIA- mittee has seven legislative provisions the science may be uncertain, it will TIONS ACT, 1996 within EPA. All but one of the so- take away from their efforts to keep The Senate continued with the con- called riders in the House bill have not the water supply system clean from sideration of the bill. been included in this measure. The these dangerous, well-recognized, well- Mr. BOND addressed the Chair. committee in the Senate limited the defined contaminants. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- provisions in our bills to ones that Fourth, we would prohibit EPA from ator from Missouri. have been included in previous VA– requiring in fiscal year 1996 the use of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14225 MTBE in Alaska because of health con- will be able to send in products that do different authority over the same per- cerns raised there associated with the not meet the environmental standards mit decisions. I understand there are use of MTBE. There have been serious that we expect of our domestic refin- some who believe this redundancy is instances where MTBE use has thought ers. defensible. During the committee to cause very serious health effects. Mr. President, what sense does that markup, some Members suggested that This provision was carried in the fiscal make? Why should we give foreign re- they would offer an amendment to year 1994 VA–HUD bill and does not ex- finers a free pass to send in products strike the provision on the floor. If so, empt Alaska from clean air require- that have not met the same standards we will be happy to discuss it. ments. It is saying, do not require that we require of our domestic refin- As many of my colleagues know, the something that appears to be causing ers? I think this is another sound envi- House did include a provision in the very significant health problems in ronmental measure that is included in bill preventing funding for the entire Alaska. this bill. I urge my colleagues, and 404 wetlands permit law, noting that it The next one would prohibit EPA those who are interested, to look at the was necessary to provide Congress ad- from adding new sites to the Superfund environmental impacts of these provi- ditional time to determine the proper national priorities list in fiscal year sions. management of the Nation’s wetlands. 1996 unless requested by the Governor The final one I want to talk about The Corps of Engineers, as we all or tribal leader unless or until the would eliminate duplicative and waste- know, has the responsibility of admin- Superfund law is reauthorized. Every- ful efforts by the EPA. This would pro- istering the day-to-day permitting. The one recognizes that the Superfund law hibit the Environmental Protection States, EPA, the National Oceano- badly needs revision. The Superfund Agency from vetoing decisions made by graphic and Atmospheric Agency, Fish law has generated a tremendous the Corps of Engineers regarding wet- and Wildlife, and Marine Service also amount of resources going to lawyers lands permits in fiscal year 1996. have roles. There are pages and pages and for administrative costs. A report The provision is intended to keep of regulations and memorandums of done by the General Accounting Office EPA from overfiling or second-guessing agreement governing the complex per- at our request shows that only about 30 the Corps of Engineers. It will stream- mitting process. percent of the Superfund sites cur- line the corps’ permitting process. EPA Under section 401 requirements, for a rently being worked by the EPA in- still has a wide range of responsibil- 404 permit to be issued, the corps must volve current risk to human health or ities dealing with wetlands. We are not first obtain a certification from the ap- even potential risk to human health changing those. We are only saying to plicable State—the State—that water under current usages. the EPA and to all of the affected land- quality standards will not be violated We think the time has come to reau- owners that you have a right to get an as a result of the discharge of fill mate- thorize the Superfund law to bring answer, a final answer from one Fed- rial. This essentially gives the States sound science and to target the re- eral agency. veto authority over permit applica- sources. Therefore, we say do not move The Corps of Engineers operates with tions. It guarantees a State role in the forward expanding the reach of Super- EPA in the regulation of wetlands. process. fund until it is reauthorized and Con- Where does it make any sense to the Of the additional resource agencies, gress has had an opportunity to act on landowner who goes to the Corps of En- EPA is perhaps the most influential. the substantive requirements in the gineers and says, ‘‘OK, here is what I Besides having authority under section Superfund legislation. propose to do. Grant me a permit,’’ 404 to veto permit decisions, EPA is re- This language was included in the fis- and, as it stands now, the Corps of En- sponsible for developing guidelines, cal year 1995 rescission, adopted, and gineers can say, ‘‘OK, you meet all our known as 404(B)(1) guidelines, which signed into law by the President this standards,’’ and then the next day the are the substantive environmental cri- summer. It is consistent with the com- EPA comes in and says, ‘‘Oh, but we teria that are binding on the corps in mittee’s decision to limit Superfund don’t like what the Corps of Engineers the permitting process. spending to current health risks pend- did’’? To me, it makes no sense to say that ing reauthorization. Frankly, this is a duplicative, waste- once you have laid out all those stand- The next measure in the bill author- ful, and, I think, unsatisfactory service ards, once the Corps of Engineers has izes an exemption from water to our citizens to say that you are gone through the process, once they pretreatment standards for industrial going to have to take two chances to have gotten the approval of the State discharges to the Kalamazoo water get the Federal Government to tell you and they are following the EPA regula- plant if environmental standards are they do not like what you are doing. tions, if they grant a permit, EPA met through a local pretreatment We have standards, and the Corps of should come in and say, ‘‘Oh, we don’t plant. This provision has been nar- Engineers is to follow those standards. agree with the corps’ action.’’ If there rowly crafted, and it will not result in Why do we give the power to the EPA is one thing that constituents in my any environmental degradation. It will to come in and say, ‘‘Oh, well, you may State are fed up with, it is being told prevent duplicative and unnecessary have satisfied the Corps of Engineers, two different things by two different water treatment construction. Kala- but you don’t satisfy us’’? Federal agencies. They expect the Fed- mazoo has already entered into a plan As Senators know, the corps has the eral agencies who serve them to give to be financed by the major industrial authority and the expertise to admin- them one answer and to give them the concerns in that city to deal with the ister the Wetlands Program, and it right answer. effluent from their plants. does not, in my view, make any sense This measure would say, ‘‘Corps of Since Kalamazoo is getting a water to say that the same law can be admin- Engineers, if you grant a permit, then treatment plant financed by those who istered by two separate agencies, par- we are not going to have the EPA using are making the discharges, it does not ticularly when we are in a time of its time and resources to come in and make any sense to go forward with an strained budgets when a second agency change the direction given to the per- overlapping, a duplicating requirement should not be duplicating the efforts of son, the individual or the organization, to have another treatment plant to do the first one. That is why we say, applying for that permit.’’ exactly the same thing when one is al- ‘‘EPA, if the corps has already done it, I hope that those who hear scare sto- ready being financed. go on and do the other work you are ries about the provisions in this bill Next, we would prohibit EPA from supposed to do; don’t second-guess the will take a look at the substantive pro- enforcing the foreign refiner baseline corps.’’ visions and realize they are necessary for reformulated gasoline. This is the The Senate should know this provi- to streamline and to ensure the effec- same provision as included in the fiscal sion does not affect the multitude of tive administration of the Environ- year 1995 VA–HUD bill, and it would en- other EPA authorities under the Clean mental Protection Agency, to ensure sure quite simply that foreign refiners Water Act. It in no way undermines we continue the progress that we have are held to the same higher environ- wetlands protection. According to the made and must continue to make to- mental standards as domestic refiners. Corps of Engineers, no other Federal ward assuring a clean environment for If we do not do this, foreign refiners regulatory program gives two agencies ourselves and our children.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14226 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Mr. President, I yield the floor, and I investment. If planned orbital research On page 22, between lines 4 and 5, insert suggest the absence of a quorum. in combustion science improves com- the following: The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. bustion processes only a modest 2 per- SEC. 111. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the amount appro- KEMPTHORNE). The clerk will call the cent, then the annual savings would be priated by this title under the heading ‘‘DE- roll. approximately $8 billion a year in the PARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATION’’ under the The legislative clerk proceeded to cost of energy produced through com- paragraph ‘‘CONSTRUCTION, MAJOR PROJECTS’’ call the roll. bustion in the United States. is hereby increased by $38,000,000. Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, I ask In June 1995, the General Accounting (b) Of the amount available under the para- unanimous consent that the order for Office completed a review of the cur- graph referred to in subsection (a), as in- the quorum call be rescinded. rent estimated cost of the space sta- creased by such subsection, $38,000,000 shall The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion program. The GAO concluded that be available for construction at the Spark M. objection, it is so ordered. ‘‘the program has made major progress Matsunaga Department of Veterans Affairs Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, I rise in Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. since last year in defining its require- (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of strong support of the international ments, meeting its schedule mile- this title, the amount appropriated by this space station program. This program is stones, and remaining within its an- title under the heading ‘‘DEPARTMENTAL AD- out of the planning stages and is well nual operation budgets. Nevertheless, MINISTRATION’’ under the paragraph ‘‘GEN- underway. The space station is real. the program faces formidable chal- ERAL OPERATING EXPENSES’’ is hereby reduced Space shuttle missions in support of lenges in completing all its tasks on by $38,000,000. phase one of the station program began schedule and within its budget.’’ Of Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, this is a in February 1994. The most recent course the station program faces chal- very simple, forthright amendment. It phase one mission ended with the suc- lenges as does any new endeavor. How- calls for the completion of the Spark cessful return of astronaut Norm ever, we should judge the ability of M. Matsunaga Medical Center in Hono- Thagard from his record breaking stay NASA to meet these challenges on the lulu. It provides for $38 million. in space. Over 48,000 pounds of station performance of the station program Mr. President, there are 127,600 vet- hardware have been manufactured and since it was redesigned in 1993. As the erans residing in the State of Hawaii. 75,000 pounds will be completed by the GAO discovered, NASA is performing The State of Hawaii is one of only two end of this year. as promised and is successfully meet- States in our Union without a VA hos- The space station is real to commu- ing the stated objectives of the station pital. The other State is the State of nities, students and teachers through- program. Alaska. Per capita spending in the out the Nation. Teachers are already It is unfortunate that the biggest State of Hawaii is the lowest in the Na- using space station concepts in the challenge the station program faces ap- tion. classroom. Students have participated pears to be the Congress of the United At the same time, Hawaii has the in activities including living in a bus States, specifically a small handful of highest ratio of veterans per capita and outfitted as a space station, complete Members who continue to offer legisla- the highest proportion of disabled vet- with living facilities, experiments, and tion aimed at terminating the station erans over 65 years of age or older. communication to Earth. Today the program. Since the inception of the In World War II, the State of Hawaii, space station is capturing the imagina- program, votes have been held over 18 which was then a territory, 50 years tion of the leaders of the future and en- times on the station. We must continue ago, had more volunteers per capita couraging students to study math, to reject these attempts and continue than any other State or territory of physics, chemistry, biology, geography, our support of the space station pro- our Union. While serving far fewer vet- and Earth science. gram. We owe this to the future of the erans, the State of Montana and the When I grew up as a boy, we had tree citizens of the United States and to all State of Wyoming have two VA hos- houses, and you would have a lot of ac- the people of Earth. pitals apiece. We have more veterans, tivity playing in tree houses. I think I suggest the absence of a quorum. but we have none; they have less vet- you will see space station houses in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The erans, but they have two apiece. trees and other locations that kids will clerk will call the roll. In the case of Wyoming, the veteran be playing in as we move forward and The legislative clerk proceeded to population is less than half of the start moving toward the deployment of call the roll. State of Hawaii. South Dakota, with the space station. Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I ask 42,000 fewer veterans than Hawaii, has Benefits of the station program are unanimous consent that the order for three VA hospitals. We are still wait- already being realized. Researchers the quorum call be rescinded. ing for our first VA hospital. seeking to develop a station bioreactor The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The current system in Hawaii is a for cell cultures have developed a way objection, it is so ordered. fragmented one. It is costly. It is ineffi- to grow tumor tissues outside the Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I ask cient and places the quality of care body, so chemotherapy and other treat- unanimous consent that the pending rendered to veterans at a great risk. ments can be tested without harm to amendment be temporarily society We receive fine service from Tripler the patient. aside. Army Hospital, our major military fa- The space station will create a per- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without cility in Hawaii. Inpatient care at this manent orbiting science institute in objection, it is so ordered. great institution is dependent upon space capable of performing long dura- AMENDMENT NO. 2777 space availability. If there is no space, tion research in a nearly gravity-free (Purpose: To make available $38 million for we are the lowest priority. The vet- environment. Research in medicine, construction at the Spark M. Matsunaga erans are the lowest priority, and un- materials and processes, engineering Department of Veterans Affairs Medical derstandably so. and technology will have immediate, Center, Hawaii) Mr. President, as we downsize our practical application for life on Earth Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I send to military, that downsizing will also af- and will create jobs and economic op- the desk an amendment and ask for its fect Tripler Army Hospital. portunities today and in the decade to immediate consideration. What does that mean? Fewer beds, come. Information gathered about how The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fewer nurses, fewer doctors, and with humans react and adapt to clerk will report. the veterans as the lowest priority, I weightlessness will allow scientists to The legislative clerk read as follows: do not think I need to draw a picture further understand conditions such as The Senator from Hawaii [Mr. INOUYE] pro- for my colleagues. balance disorders afflicting 90 million poses an amendment numbered 2777. Today, many of the united hospital Americans, osteoporosis affecting 24 Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I ask services such as cardiology, ortho- million Americans, and cardiovascular unanimous consent reading of the pedics, ophthalmology—severe limita- disease, the leading cause of death in amendment be dispensed with. tions and restrictions are placed upon the United States. Every dollar spent The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without veterans in Hawaii. For example, at on the station is spent here on Earth objection, it is so ordered. this moment, VA cardiology and ortho- and will provide an excellent return on The amendment is as follows: pedic patients are evaluated by visiting

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14227 Palo Alto, CA, VA physicians. They center to meet the needs of other men very heartfelt commitment to the vet- come around about twice a year. As a and women who served in the military, erans of Hawaii, and he has talked result of that evaluation, they are who themselves bear the permanent about the difficult situation that the shipped to a facility on the west coast, wounds of war. veterans there face. I know how long usually in the State of California. What we face here is the fact that in and hard he has worked on the project. Mr. President, I think all fairness Hawaii there is a unique situation be- We were unable to put construction and equity would lead us to conclude cause of its geographic location. They funding in fiscal year 1996 for any that to ask our veterans to undergo cannot go to the trauma centers. Ev- major new construction. As the Sen- long, long, separations from their fami- erything has to be in Hawaii. Also, ator from Maryland pointed out, we lies 2,500 miles from home is not ac- there has been a unique linkage be- fear that the offset would have taken ceptable. I think all physicians would tween veterans and military hospitals. away vitally needed funds for handling suggest that from the standpoint of So I want to acknowledge the valid- claims of veterans. long-term care, that is not acceptable. ity of the Senator’s plea. I want to ac- Second, the committee agreed to a In 1993, 950 qualified veterans were knowledge the validity of the plight of moratorium on new medical construc- denied service in Hawaii; in 1994, 1,300 veterans in Hawaii. I pledge to him the tion projects, as recommended by the qualified war veterans were denied in- desire, the deep desire, to work with General Accounting Office and the Sen- patient service in Hawaii. This year, him to ensure that the Hawaiian vet- ate Veterans’ Affairs Committee. The through the month of May, because of erans have the medical care that they committee’s decision was driven by the lack of eligibility and lack of serv- need and they deserve, and how we budgetary concerns, as well as based on ices, 582 war veterans were denied serv- could do a linkage with perhaps the the fact that the VA is on the verge of ice. military hospitals and perhaps the pri- a major reorganization which may re- Mr. President, as a member of the vate sector. sult in significant changes to its facili- Appropriations Committee, I am fully But I believe that if we are as cre- ties’ needs, and we hope a better direc- aware of the problems we have. I am ative in helping these veterans with tion of care. fully aware of the budgetary constric- their medical care as we have been in The Hawaii project would require an tions that we are required to live other areas of national defense and se- additional $60 million in construction under. I know that my chairman, the curity, we will be able to do this. costs in the future, and another $100 Senator from Missouri and the ranking I also thank the Senator for with- million to operate when it opens. member, the Senator from Maryland, drawing the amendment, though I Having said that, we look forward to have done their utmost in their effort know it is deeply troubling to him to the Veterans’ Administration reorga- to accommodate the veterans of the do so. But we have no money in this nization plan. It is intended to change State of Hawaii. budget. The only way we could have the VA into a managed care operation. As it is commonly said, one cannot funded it is if we had gone to the back- As part of this reorganization, the VA squeeze blood out of a turnip. It is not log claims. Right now there is a wait- must develop a long-term strategic my desire to do that. ing list of over 6 months to 3 years for plan for medical care, recognizing the Reluctantly, I will be withdrawing veterans trying to process their claims change in demographics of veterans this amendment with the hope that my for their pensions and their disability population, and a shrinking budget. colleagues from Missouri and Maryland benefits. American veterans should not The General Accounting Office has will sit down and work together with have to stand in line for 6 months or found that there are additional unused the veterans of Hawaii to see if some- more because of the sluggish nature of facilities. In the 1993 report, the Gen- thing can be done. the bureaucracy with the way they eral Accounting Office found that the This can be a national disgrace. We have modernized, and so on. Tripler Army Hospital—with which the have the highest per capita veteran So we have now put resources in to Veterans’ Administration has a sharing population, the lowest per capita deal with the backlog of claims. I am arrangement—had capacity and ‘‘De- spending, the highest per capita dis- glad we are going to let that stand. mand for VA-sponsored care at Tripler abled veterans, highest per capita vol- Again, I would like to thank the Sen- has consistently been well below the unteers, and no hospitals. ator for his defense of America, for the 69-bed constructed capacity’’ at Tri- Other States with less than Hawaii worthy nature of the Congressional pler. have three or two. All we are asking Medal of Honor which he wears and As a result of these things, I think for is one. And the one we are asking which I see on his lapel this morning, the VA should look to increasing its for is not a hospital. It is a medical and for his defense of veterans who in sharing arrangement with Tripler and center, which is one grade below a hos- many ways do not have a voice; and, of community facilities in order to meet pital. course, for his own constituents of Ha- the needs of Hawaii’s veterans. Mr. President, I hope that my patient waii. I fully understand and I am sensitive colleagues from this subcommittee will I also want to acknowledge the to the Senator’s concern that the VA is join with me in trying to work out a staunch defense of veterans and health sending veterans to the west coast for solution for this. I would be glad to do care of my colleague, Senator AKAKA. treatment at the Palo Alto VA Hos- that. Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I wish to pital. I agree with the Senator that Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- thank my colleague from Maryland for this is an extraordinary inconvenience. sent to be permitted to withdraw my her very sensitive and generous con- VA has in the past sent cardiology pa- amendment. cern. But much as I would be most tients to the west coast when services The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there proud to wear a Congressional Medal of were not available to Tripler Army objection? Honor, my medal is one notch below, Hospital because VA says it is less ex- Without objection, it is so ordered. the Distinguished Service Cross. But I pensive than treating the veterans in a Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, first I thank my colleague. community hospital. would like to thank my colleague, Sen- Ms. MIKULSKI. Well, if I had the op- I assure the Senator from Hawaii ator INOUYE, for his extraordinary ad- portunity to award the Senator a that I will work with him to see that vocacy in behalf of American veterans. medal, I believe he deserves the highest the VA discontinues the practice and As the ranking minority member on recognition for his gallantry and his treats veterans in community facilities this bill, it pains me and grieves me bravery. when services at Tripler are not avail- that a Senator who bears the perma- Mr. INOUYE. I thank the Senator. able. nent wounds of war, who wears with Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I echo the I pledge to work with the Senator pride the Congressional Medal of generous words of my good friend and from Hawaii to ensure that excess ca- Honor, must come before the U.S. Sen- colleague, the ranking member, the pacity at Tripler may be used by vet- ate and plead for a VA hospital; an Senator from Maryland. I too appre- erans. American hero coming to speak in be- ciate the very strong advocacy of the I have offered an amendment, which I half of all other veterans of all other very able senior Senator from Hawaii. would like my distinguished colleague wars saying: Please give me a medical He has met with us and talked from his from Maryland to review to see if we

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 may be able to agree on that amend- both Senators from Hawaii have for Maryland for the outstanding way in ment, and to see if this will meet the veterans care in the State of Hawaii. which they have handled this par- needs of the Senator from Hawaii. I urge my colleagues to accept this ticular piece of legislation. It has been Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I say amendment. I believe the junior Sen- a difficult time, and they have been to the Senator that this is very accept- ator from Hawaii wishes to speak, after faced with difficult questions and chal- able to me because it ensures that the which, if there are no further discus- lenges. So I am grateful for my first ex- veterans of the State of Hawaii are sions on it, I think we can proceed to a perience as a member of the Appropria- given appropriate equal access to vet- vote without a rollcall. tions Committee to serve on this sub- eran medical care commensurate with Mr. AKAKA addressed the Chair. committee and watch Senators BOND the medical care provided in the 48 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The jun- and MIKULSKI work through these very contiguous States so that the veterans ior Senator from Hawaii is recognized. difficult issues. of Hawaii are not penalized for their Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I rise in There is one specific issue about geography. support of the committee action. I which I have talked to Senator BOND I also want to acknowledge, with the commend my colleague for taking this that I would like to make mention of Senator from the majority, that the issue forward, and I thank the com- in the Chamber to make sure it does VA is organizing and modernizing its mittee for its considerations. not get lost. This has to do with the ex- delivery of care, moving from strictly I stand today just to impress the piring contracts under HUD housing and chiefly a trauma model to con- Senate with the fact that the Aloha programs. In the city of Salt Lake, tinuing care, emphasizing primary State, the State of Hawaii, has needed where we are enjoying boom economic care, to decentralize the services. a veterans hospital for many years. times, the vacancy rate for many of So I think we are all in agreement Since 1987, our predecessor in the Sen- these houses is around 1 percent. If with this. I think this is an excellent ate tried to establish a veterans hos- people who have contracts that expire amendment. If it meets with the con- pital in Hawaii. are forced to leave their housing at the currence of the senior Senator and the Hawaii is one of two States that has moment of that expiration, they will junior Senator from Hawaii, it is fine no veterans hospital. Although the VA have a very difficult time finding addi- with me. I think it is excellent. operates 172 medical centers through- tional housing. Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I wish to out the Union, including a hospital in I have talked to the chairman, Sen- thank the chairman of the sub- Puerto Rico, the Department has never ator BOND, about this issue and asked committee for his very understanding established a medical center for vet- him to please work with the author- and sensitive response to our concerns. erans in the 50th State, and this is the izing committee to see if there can be We look forward to working with him reason why my colleague and I have an extension of those contracts under to someday come up with a solution been pressing for this. this circumstance so people who are in that will be mutually acceptable for all Under the circumstances, we will cer- this kind of housing are not faced with of us. tainly accept the committee’s action. the immediate challenge of finding But in the meantime, the amend- And again I wish to thank the com- housing in an extremely tight housing ment, I think, will serve our veterans mittee for what they are doing. This is market. He has assured me of his will- very well. a step in that direction, and we will be ingness to work on this issue, and I Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- back to ask for more help for our vet- publicly thank him for that assurance imous consent to temporarily set aside erans. We have 130,000 veterans in the and tell him that I will be working the pending committee amendments to Pacific, 120,000 from Hawaii and an- with him in any way I can to see that offer an amendment. other 10,000 in the Pacific from Guam this problem gets resolved. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there and Samoa. We take care of these vet- The second issue I should like to dis- objection? Without objection, it is so erans, and we still do not have a hos- cuss has to do with the space station, ordered. pital there. about which we have heard so much on AMENDMENT NO. 2778 So, Mr. President, I look forward to a this floor in the last 24 hours or so. (Purpose: To ensure that veterans in the day when we can come back and seek a The Senator from Arkansas, with his State of Hawaii are given appropriate and full-blown hospital that will help the traditional persistence, has once again equal access to VA-funded medical care) veterans of the Pacific. I thank my col- challenged the wisdom of the space sta- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I send an league and the committee for their ef- tion and will once again bring the Sen- amendment to the desk in behalf of forts. ate to a vote on whether or not this myself, and Senators MIKULSKI, I yield back my time. should be continued. He does this in INOUYE, and AKAKA. We will leave it Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I do not every session of Congress, as is his open for others to join as cosponsors, believe there are any other Senators right. Many of us admire him for his as well. seeking to be heard on this amend- tenacity on issues in which he believes The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ment. strongly. Each time he has failed. clerk will report. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there I rise to say that I think he should The legislative clerk read as follows: further debate? If not, the question is fail this time as well. In my opinion, The Senator from Missouri [Mr. BOND], for on agreeing to amendment 2778 by the the space station should go forward for himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. INOUYE, and Mr. Senator from Missouri [Mr. BOND]. a variety of reasons, many of which AKAKA, proposes an amendment numbered The amendment (No. 2778) was agreed were outlined by our colleague from 2778. to. Ohio, Mr. GLENN, last night. I will not Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I move to take the time to repeat all of the tan- imous consent that reading of the reconsider the vote. gible benefits that the Senator from amendment be dispensed with. Mr. INOUYE. I move to lay that mo- Ohio listed, but I will call the atten- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion on the table. tion of the Senate to his presentation objection, it is so ordered. The motion to lay on the table was because it was an excellent one. The amendment is as follows: agreed to. There is an interesting juxtaposition On page 22, line 5, insert: ‘‘SEC. 111. The Mr. BENNETT addressed the Chair. of events in this debate for me. Just Department of Veterans Affairs shall provide The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- last week, in Utah, we have had the hospital care and medical services to eligible ator from Utah is recognized. fourth edition of Space Talk, a con- veterans in the State of Hawaii at levels commensurate with levels of care provided Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I rise ference on space that I had the honor in the forty-eight contiguous states. The to make several comments about the to originate back in 1992. Secretary shall utilize the contract author- underlying bill. In 1992, there were not very many ity prescribed in 38 U.S.C. Sec. 1703 to treat First, I have a comment I should like people who were interested in coming. eligible veterans residing in the State of Ha- to direct to the managers of the bill. I I was then a candidate for the Senate, waii wherever appropriate.’’ am a member of the subcommittee, and and they thought it was just an elec- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, as I indi- I wish to congratulate the Senator tion year gimmick for me to get some cated, we do share the grave concern from Missouri and the Senator from out-of-State speakers to come to the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14229 State and, hopefully, get a little press who was looking for something else. riages. But upon the principle of inter- and link that press to my name and When discovered, it was not wanted, changeable parts rests the concept of thereby help me in the campaign. But and most of the exploration for the mass production and ultimately the en- I promised on that occasion that if I next 50 years was done in the hope of tire industrial revolution, a simple lit- were elected, I would continue this an- getting through or around it. America tle idea that somebody started some- nual conference on space and the issues was named after a man who discovered where, we do not know, upon which the of space that have grown into Space no part of it. History is like that. Very entire world was changed. Talk. chancy.’’ Just when we get used to that con- I am delighted to be able to report to We look back on Columbus and his cept, let us think then of the notion of the Senate that Space Talk has grown activity here and Amerigo Vespucci, digital code. Somewhere, somebody— every year, has been more and more after whom it was named, and the lack probably the historians know this successful every year, and that the cen- of activity that he put forward here, name, but I do not—came up with the terpiece of Space Talk in terms of pub- and we see the truth of the historian’s idea that a switch is either on or off. lic awareness has been the exhibit at comment, ‘‘History is like that. Very And if you line up enough switches in a the Utah State Fair. chancy.’’ But as we look at history as row, you can create a computer that by When we first put it on 3 years ago, a whole, we realize that out of the calculating whether this row of switch- NASA was a little nervous about bring- chanciness of history comes a whole se- es are either on or off, can do calcula- ing exhibits all the way to Utah, but ries of unexpected benefits or, in some tions beyond the human ability to do they were willing to try it. We got the cases, unexpected difficulties. those calculations. appropriate cooperation from the State I was interested, Mr. President, at So early computers were built with fair board and the Utah National Guard one of the Space Talk presentations to the understanding that a transistor and mounted the exhibit. be told by one of our speakers that was either on or off. And those com- NASA was stunned at the response prior to the great European era of dis- puters were created primarily to make that came from the citizens of Utah in covery in exploration when the Euro- calculations concerning ballistic pro- general and the schoolchildren of Utah peans ended up coming to these shores jectiles for wartime. If we shoot this, in particular. Space Talk became the and for them discovering what is now what is the trajectory it will follow? No. 1 attraction at the Utah State called America, there was another na- We cannot figure it with pen and pencil Fair, and fair officials said to us, ‘‘You tion that was a great explorer nation, or even slide rule. Let us get a bunch of must bring this book next year,’’ which sending out ships onto the uncharted switches lined up and put electricity we did. And then again this year NASA seas for the sole purpose of seeing what through them; and through writing brought a mockup of the space station they could find. The ships of this great digital code, we figure that out. to Space Talk, and once again this year nation ended up ultimately on the From that, of course, has come the it was the No. 1 attraction at the Utah shores of what we now call Africa, a entire information revolution that has State Fair. Many schoolteachers would tremendously exotic discovery for changed all of our lives, and an idea plan field trips to the State fair just to those who sailed the ships. The great that someone who started out had no come to Space Talk, so that the school- nation that sent those ships out on concept of. Now we come, of course, to children could get the educational ex- that discovery mission was China. the space station. perience of finding out about space. Now, whoever governed China in Can I tell the Senator from Arkansas The space station mockup this year those years decided that they had what is going to happen in the space made a strong point of outlining those budget problems at home and that it station? No; I can tell him the experi- portions of the space station that was time to cut back on the explo- ments that will be run. I can tell him would be built by other countries. ration, that they had more urgent the efforts that will be made. But I ‘‘This would be the Japanese section budget pressures domestically, and so cannot tell whether or not some dis- of space station,’’ we were told as we they stopped their exploration. They covery as simple but as far reaching as walked through the mockup. ‘‘This is brought the ships back, and they be- the notion of interchangeable parts or where the Europeans will be working. came wholly insular in their adminis- the notion of digital code will come out This is where the Russians will be,’’ tration. of our activities on space station. and so on, demonstrating that the I have stood upon the Great Wall of We do know the kinds of things that space station is not only a techno- China, which I think stands in history can happen on space station. It will logical breakthrough for the United as one of the prime examples of a pub- serve as a laboratory for materials States, but it represents an inter- lic works project gone wrong. They processing in zero gravity. We have national exercise in understanding and started building it and they simply never been able to do that before. cooperation that can have fallout far could not stop. And so in their budget There are a myriad of industrial and beyond the technological areas, but in priorities to do something for home, scientific research projects that can be the diplomatic area as well. they built the Great Wall that stands run in that kind of an environment. It So, coming off this successful and in great disrepair, and it serves pri- will provide a platform for astronom- growing support for our Nation’s space marily now as a tourist attraction. ical observations, the study of our program in Utah, I come now to the They turned their back on the explo- Earth’s development and current con- floor of the Senate to find once again ration that would have made the Chi- ditions. Then it will provide a base to an effort to cut back our activity in nese, and not the Europeans, ulti- further the exploration of the solar space and particularly with respect to mately the masters of the world, as the system as the first component in a the space station. Europeans picked up the challenge of space-based international industrial Now, Mr. President, there is a quote exploration, not knowing what they park. that has been used many times. But I were going to find, not knowing what Well, maybe we cannot put a dollar am going to repeat it. I have discovered the return would be, but, in fact, lay- value on this. And unable to put a dol- since I have been in the Senate that ing the groundwork for the ability to lar value on this, maybe we should do there is no such thing as repetition. We govern the entire world. as the ancient Chinese mandarins did go on again and again and again and al- Mr. President, history is like that. and say, ‘‘Bring the ships home. Let us ways act as if it is new. I think my Things start out very small, with unin- spend our time taking care of our do- friend from Arkansas will understand tended consequences later on. We do mestic priorities. Leave that for some that, because most of the arguments he not know who first thought of the no- future time.’’ is raising against the space station are tion of interchangeable parts, the idea I believe if we do that, the human repetitious of arguments he has raised that instead of building every carriage spirit to explore is sufficiently strong before. fresh and new as a single work of art, elsewhere that we will see someone So I think this quote deserves repeat- you would build a series of axles, every other than the Americans take over ing. It is by the historian Samuel Eliot one exactly alike that would be inter- this lead. I think we will see Europeans Morison. He said, ‘‘America was discov- changeable with each other so you or someone else, maybe not yet on the ered accidentally by a great seaman could assemble a whole bunch of car- screen, some Asians, perhaps, as those

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 economies become stronger, step into Alaska Railroad. As it goes down into of the most pristine rivers in America, the void that we will create if we aban- Seward, they apparently lost part of certainly a national treasure. We are don this leadership challenge. that railroad bed already. The area has deeply saddened by the damage and by So, Mr. President, I rise once again now been declared to be a disaster area the environmental destruction that is in support of space station. I rise once under State law, and we are waiting to going on there. again in support of the spirit of explo- have the Federal Emergency Manage- I will say to the Senator from Alaska ration. I rise once again in support of ment Agency, FEMA, people come into that we did not include funding in this the great human spirit of adventure the area to determine what is going to bill for the disaster relief fund because that has served us so well throughout be available to assist in terms of recov- there is currently an $8 billion balance, the centuries. And I call upon us not to ery from this disaster. none of which is earmarked. So long as make the mistakes of others who have The Kenai River is on a rampage. Un- the President declares a disaster in turned their back on this only to dis- fortunately, it has destroyed a consid- Alaska, those funds are available to cover in subsequent years that other erable amount of work we did to reha- meet the needs. human beings have not lacked this bilitate that river in the last 2 years in I join with the Senator in urging the spirit of exploration, and the torch is order to protect it. It is the greatest people of FEMA to respond to provide passed from American hands to those king salmon-producing river in the assistance and assess the damage to who might wish us ill. world. It is a substantial disaster for make the necessary steps to determine For these reasons, Mr. President, I the area because of the loss of homes whether a Presidential disaster dec- support the space station and urge the and really the loss particularly of laration is appropriate and to lend all rest of the Senate to do likewise. recreation facilities along the river. appropriate assistance. We have great Mr. BOND addressed the Chair. I have come to the floor because I am concern for the residents in that area AMENDMENT NO. 2776 aware, as a member of the committee, and also for the tremendous natural re- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. of the report on the pending bill that sources, as well as the human infra- CAMPBELL). Under the previous order, indicates that there are no new funds structure that has been built there. the hour of 11 a.m. having arrived, the provided for disaster relief in this bill. We are very sorry to learn of this Senate will resume consideration of The report points out that the reason problem and assure the Senator from the Bumpers amendment No. 2776, on is that in the emergency funding bill of Alaska the funds are available should a which there will be 90 minutes of de- this year, 1995, Congress made avail- Presidential disaster declaration be bate equally divided. able and the President approved $6.55 made, and we urge FEMA to respond to Who yields time? billion to be added to the disaster relief the Senator’s concerns as quickly as Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- possible. self 1 minute just to thank the distin- fund. I am sorry I was not aware of the Ms. MIKULSKI addressed the Chair. guished Senator from Utah for his controlled time situation, and if I am The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- very, very compelling arguments with taking time from my friend from Ar- ator from Maryland. respect to the space station. I think his kansas, I will be glad to try to work Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I echo historical perspective adds a great deal that out with him. the chairman’s comments, first to the to this debate. I find it a very compel- I would like to ask the managers of people of Alaska, of our deep concern. ling argument. As the Senator knows, I have visited I also want to say I appreciate his the bill about this disaster relief fund. Alaska. Though I do not have intimate comments with respect to the problems The question has now been raised with knowledge with the specifics of the faced with housing where housing is in me that the money in the fund has al- areas that he has talked about, I can short supply, as in his State. He has ready been earmarked for previous dis- only imagine the really sad impact. We been a very forceful advocate for assur- asters and whether there is going to be believe in helping communities to be ing that those people who depend upon money available during this period. Obviously, the final result of FEMA able to rebuild themselves and restore assisted housing in Salt Lake City and will not be known for a period of themselves. I hope that the President other Utah communities not be thrown weeks. I am going to dispatch two of will declare this a disaster area. out. We are working with him and my assistants to go to the area this How we ultimately fund the actual other Members to give HUD the oppor- evening to make sure that we are get- disaster account is a subject of which tunity to make sure that people do not ting all the coordination we can among we have had extensive hearings for lose very scarce public housing. With that, I yield the floor. the Federal and State and local people which we would require an authorizing The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who because, as I said, it is a very serious solution. I know this is not the time or yields time? flood. It is already above the 100-year- the place to debate that. I think that is Mr. STEVENS addressed the Chair. flood mark on the Kenai River. That a good topic for 1996. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- means we are going to have even more Mr. STEVENS. I want to make cer- ator from Alaska. Does the Senator damage than was estimated. tain it will not be incumbent upon me from Alaska wish time from the Sen- The damage in the one area alone of to offer an amendment at this point to ator from Missouri? the Kenai is somewhere between $6 mil- put money into the disaster relief fund Mr. STEVENS. I did not know there lion and $10 million in terms of just im- because of the feeling that there is a was controlled time. mediate damage. I do not know what it zero amount in this bill. The indication Mr. President, I would like 4 or 5 is going to be in terms of the loss of was there would be none available in minutes to discuss a situation in my roads and railroad bed and tank farms fiscal year 1996. It is my understanding State and to ask a question of the man- and all the rest. this $8 billion is available and carries agers of the bill. May I ask the chairman of the sub- over to the next year; is that correct? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- committee, in terms of the report, it Mr. BOND. That is correct. ator has 5 minutes. indicates there is currently a fund bal- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I do TYPHOON OSCAR AND EMERGENCY RELIEF FUNDS ance of approximately $8 billion in dis- thank the managers of the bill for their Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, Ty- aster relief. Has that been earmarked response. I am certain this will be wel- phoon Oscar, which came across the already? Is that available for disasters come news to the people of south-cen- North Pacific, has wreaked havoc in such as the aftermath of Typhoon tral Alaska. In 1986, we had an epic the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska. I have Oscar? flood in this region. It was declared to been on the phone yesterday and today The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- be the 100-year flood. As I said, this following reports we received over the ator from Missouri. flood this year exceeds the limits of the weekend concerning the effect of this Mr. BOND. Mr. President, first, let 1986 flood, so we have really a new typhoon. It has caused flooding of me thank the Senator from Alaska for record in terms of flood in the area. It many rivers, the Kenai River and the bringing this to our attention. The is going to involve a considerable Skwentna River. areas of which he speaks I am very fa- amount of not only disaster assistance The damage runs from Seward, AK, miliar with. The Senator has been a but work to try to find some way to over to Kenai. It is threatening the leader in restoring the habitat on one handle these floods as they are coming

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14231 into this area, because we are having fishermen continued to dodge floating oil Hanas, lead forecaster at the National really new stages on these two rivers drums and cottonwood logs in their pursuit Weather Service in Anchorage. as they reach flood stage. of silver salmon. The boats also were cre- AMENDMENT NO. 2776 I ask unanimous consent to have ating wakes that in some cases sent water The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who spilling into homes in low areas. printed in the RECORD following my re- Three days of heavy rain in the western yields time? marks the report on this flood that ap- Susitna Valley brought heavy flooding Fri- Mr. BUMPERS addressed the Chair. peared in the Anchorage Daily News of day to Skwentna and the Lake Creek area. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Saturday. Residents gathered at the Skwentna Road- ator from Arkansas is recognized for 45 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without house, as 50 to 75 buildings had been hit by minutes. objection, it is so ordered. the flood, according to Matanuska-Susitna Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, is the (See exhibit 1.) Borough officials. Joe Delia, who runs the Skwentna post of- time just used by the Senator from Mr. STEVENS. I will be sending two Alaska charged against our time? of my assistants up to look into this, fice, said at least six homes there were flood- ed and several boats had been swept away. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time including Mr. Staser, who is with me Water lapped at the edge of the runway and has not been charged to either side. So right now. He is formerly with the had surrounded the school, he said. The river the Senator from Arkansas has 45 min- Corps of Engineers. We would like to do itself slowed as it spread across the flat land utes. everything we can to assist in bringing adjacent to its former banks, but the main Mr. BUMPERS. I thank the Chair. this to a speedy conclusion. This is a channels remained turbulent and full of de- Mr. President, I said about all I know bris. tough time for Alaska, as I am sure ev- to say yesterday afternoon about this eryone knows. We are near freeze-up ‘‘It’s pretty hairy in some places,’’ he said. ‘‘There’s cottonwoods, and big rafts of tim- subject. I do not know that anybody now. This kind of disaster coming right bers and rollers 2, 3, 4 feet high in some listened, and I do not know that any- at the tail of the fall period, which is places.’’ body is listening this morning. But not too long in this area, can mean real Gov. Tony Knowles on Friday declared the when you are talking about $94 billion, difficulty. If we do not get assistance Kenai Peninsula Borough, Mat-Su Borough somebody ought to be listening. in there this year in time to take care and the Municipality of Anchorage, which Just for openers this morning, I want of these problems before the freeze-up includes Girdwood, disaster areas. The proc- lamation qualifies the areas for emergency to recommend to my colleagues an ar- there, we will be in real trouble. I ap- ticle that appeared last year in News- preciate the offer of assistance from state funding. Knowles said the state was backing an application for federal disaster week magazine, which I will be de- my two friends. I appreciate the cour- assistance for the Seward area, where offi- lighted to furnish to anybody who is tesy of the Senators. I will not offer cials are estimating $4 million to $6 million curious. It is called ‘‘NASA Space Sta- the amendment under the cir- in damage from floods this week. tion Zero Boondoggles; $11.9 Billion cumstances. Flooding wiped out parts of several water- Has Been Spent So Far. Can Anybody EXHIBIT 1 front roads in Seward and poured silt into the city’s harbor. The state ferry had to be Explain What it is Supposed To Do?’’ [From the Anchorage Daily News, Sept. 25, That is the headline. It is a very telling 1995] diverted from Seward to Homer because offi- cials thought the docking area had been article. It does not answer the ques- KENAI RUSHES INTO BIG EDDY filled in with silt from the Resurrection tions because NASA cannot answer the (By Tom Kizzia) River. Railroad service has been suspended questions. Here is one paragraph in Rising flood waters hit homes along the indefinitely. this article, and it is replete with simi- Kenai and Skwentna Rivers on Friday, while City spokeswoman Linda Murphy said less lar paragraphs. residents of other Southcentral Alaska com- rain fell this week than in the fall of 1986, Yet, with the silly problems of the space munities began repairing facilities damaged during the last epic floods in Seward. But station corrected, the serious ones stand, in in flooding this week. damage from the Resurrection River this In Girdwood, city and state workers were time was worse, she said. greater degree, still unanswered. What’s it moving heavy equipment to Glacier Creek in ‘‘When all this is over, we need to stop for? ‘‘It is primarily a research platform,’’ an effort to protect a bridge from the muddy Band-Aiding (the Resurrection River) and fix said Randy Brinkley, manager of the space torrent. Flood waters also damaged the road it,’’ Murphy said. ‘‘I’m not sure how. But we station office at the Johnson Space Center. leading to the Crow Pass trail head, prompt- can’t continue the way we’ve done.’’ ‘‘There will be life science, but we haven’t fi- ing the U.S. Forest Service to close the road. Murphy said inmate volunteers wearing nalized what. Really, it is hard to answer An icy Kenai River current several feet plastic trash bags for rain protection were that question.’’ deep pushed through the Big Eddy area in filling sand bags at Spring Creek Correc- As for its prospects as a research Soldotna Friday afternoon, shoving picnic tional Center, the state maximum-security platform, the National Research Coun- tables and propane tanks downriver. Rec- prison in Seward. cil, a preeminent organization in this The Old Glenn Highway between Palmer reational trailers and camps were under field, says the station ‘‘cannot be sup- water in the low area, which sits in an oxbow and Anchorage was closed Friday morning at of the river. the Knik River bridge after water ran across ported on scientific grounds.’’ Many ‘‘This is some serious stuff going on here,’’ the road north of the bridge, said Mat-Su scientific organizations have an- said fishing guide Joe Hanes, who had his Borough spokeswoman Pat Owens. Water nounced opposition to the space sta- boat tied off to the deck of his home at Big from the Knik River covered roads in the tion. Eddy as water raced through his foundation nearby Windsong subdivision, but houses Mr. President, if you want to get up pilings. He said the river was 3 feet over its there were still above water, Owens said. and argue or if any Senator wants to banks at noon Friday. Much of Knik River Road, which starts on argue that the space station is going to Swollen by rain in the mountains of north the south of the bridge, was also closed after of Seward, the Kenai River has risen more a creek near Mile 2 sent more than 2 feet cure cancer, AIDS, arthritis, or mul- than 5 feet at Cooper Landing since Tuesday, over it. tiple sclerosis, be my guest, I will lis- putting it about 2 feet above flood stage, ac- Residents of low areas in Seward and along ten very intently. We have been in cording to the National Weather Service. the Kenai and Knik Rivers were being space for 30 years. The Russians have Roads in the Kenai Keys subdivision were warned about possible contamination of well had space stations up since 1971—seven under 3 feet of water. water by the flooding. Residents should con- of them. I want the opponents of this Forecasters predicted the river would peak tact nearby offices of the Department of En- amendment to tell the Senate what we in Soldotna about midday today. vironmental Conservation about testing have accomplished so far as life science The Kenai flood appeared to be undoing their water, disaster officials said. some of the work done by landowners to halt Borough officials were also worried by is concerned. Name me the pharma- erosion and improve fish habitat along the swollen creeks and rivers in the Lake Louise ceutical companies who are contrib- river’s banks. Fragments of boardwalks and and Nelchina areas, where hunters of moose uting their own money to the space floating docks were mixed in the debris and caribou may find themselves trapped. station. Name me one medical research floating downriver Friday. Owens said airplanes are searching the area, organization in America that is con- ‘‘I think this took people by surprise,’’ said and helicopters may be called in to lift out tributing a thin dime to this gigantic state park superintendent Chris Titus. ‘‘Ev- hunters who might otherwise try risky river research laboratory in space. Every eryone was focused on what was happening crossings. in Seward and the eastern Kenai Peninsula. The week’s heavy rains were the result of single scientist worth his weight in the We haven’t gotten a lot of rain here.’’ an unusually powerful low pressure system country, every single medical re- State park officials closed the Kenai to that move north of the Pacific, mixing with searcher in the country says you can- boat traffic Friday afternoon because some the remnants of Typhoon Oscar, said Richard not justify this on the grounds that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 you are going to get some kind of life- Now, Mr. President, we had a revolu- children and because of the exemptions saving pharmaceuticals out of it. tion last fall. The Republicans wiped for those children do not make enough As a matter of fact, the American the Democrats out. Everybody has money to pay taxes? Do they get any of Physical Society said, on January 20, been analyzing it ever since. What hap- it? No. 1991: ‘‘Scientific justification is lacking pened? How did it happen? Why are the When you read in the paper that the for a permanently manned space sta- people so upset? Why are they mad? tax increase proposed by the Repub- tion.’’ I do not know the answer to it. I wish licans provides $500 tax credit for each Dr. Bloembergen and Dr. Rosenthal, I did. I think it is a serious question. child, do not believe it. That sounds so both at Harvard, say you cannot justify Certainly it is serious for my party. good. Is that not wonderful? That is a this because, so far as we can tell, Let me make a couple of observa- family issue, is it not? We will give it there is absolutely nothing to get out tions. We are getting ready to spend to families. of it. $32.7 billion over the next 7 years on As for microgravity. Well, we can do One of the biggest hoaxes ever pulled this space station. off in this country—yesterday, I al- research in almost zero gravity. So Now, let me ask you, where is the what. You can do that on Earth and in luded to a woman I knew who is a wait- money coming from? Take your choice. ress. She has two children. She has to satellites. One semiconductor company I want you to listen to this: $32.7 bil- president has said, ‘‘Do not build that keep both of them in day care in order lion for the space station, which has to work and stay off welfare. The thing because you think you are going absolutely no tangible payback to the to get gallium arsenide wafers out of chances of her getting $1,000, $500 for American people. each one of her children, is point blank it; we do not want the wafers.’’ It is an Where do we find the money to do it utter, utter waste of money to try to zero. But Members of this body, Mem- in these budget constrained times? As I bers of this body who have children grow crystals in space. You might grow say, take your choice. We are cutting some, but you can never make any- will get it. All of this so we can pay for education over the next 7 years $40 bil- thing economically viable. the space station? lion. What do you get out of this? A lot And then the spinoffs—if there are so I could go on and on. The list is end- many spinoffs, why is American indus- of ignorance. less. We are cutting the earned-income tax try not hot to contribute to this al- I saw in the reconciliation bill passed credit, according to the Senate version, most $100 billion project? It will cer- out of the Senate Energy Committee $40 billion, which represents a $457 an- tainly run well over $100 billion over big relief for the oil companies, the nual tax increase for the poorest 17 the next 17 years; $94 billion is the biggest corporations in America, if million people in America who work, present estimated cost of the space sta- they drill below a certain depth in the that are not on welfare. tion. Bear in mind, that assumes every- Gulf of Mexico or off shore. It seems Ask yourself, is it fair to penalize the thing is going to go split perfectly. No they they cannot take care of them- people who are working to feed, clothe, disasters on the launch pad, no mal- selves. We have to give them a big tax house, and educate their children and functions like on Apollo 13, no debris in royalty bonus to drill. space hitting the station or any of the the lowest paid workers on Earth try- ing to stay off welfare? Is it fair to levy The Minerals Policy Association says shuttles, or anything else. No, you get there are 625 applications for lands it for $94 billion only if everything goes a $457 tax increase against them to pay for the space station? If you believe that have billions and billions of dol- absolutely perfectly. lars’ worth of gold, platinum, palla- I heard the junior Senator from that, vote against my amendment. If you think this country will be better dium, silver underneath it, from the Texas last night talking about Velcro. biggest mining companies in the world. I covered that as well as I could yester- off when we cut education by $40 bil- lion over the next 7 years in order to What do we do? We mandate that the day in talking about spinoffs, such as Secretary of Interior give them a deed Tang, the orange juice substitute that fund the space station, you vote against my amendment. as we have done on 3.2 million acres of the astronauts drink. It has been lands in this country since 1872. around for 35 years, long before we ever If you think it is right to cut Medi- care by $270 billion—and I am willing The 625 applications for deeds which went to space. Then there is Velcro and Secretary Babbitt will have no choice magnetic resonance imaging. The to participate in some of that; not to but to deliver to the biggest mining space program had absolutely nothing provide this massive tax cut we are companies on Earth for $2.50 to $5 an to do with any of those things. Yet, talking about, but simply because we acre has over 15.5 billion dollars’ worth people continue to talk about those do have to do something to salvage of gold, silver, and hard-rock minerals spinoffs. I am willing to admit that we Medicare—do you think it is fair to cut under it. got one spinoff. We got a space suit. Medicare by $40 billion of that $270 bil- The demand for space suits is not just lion in order to pay for this? How are we going to pay for that? great enough in this country to war- Do you think it is fair to cut $180 bil- You already heard me give speech after rant a $100 billion expenditure. I do not lion in Medicaid which provides health speech on that subject. We are going to want one. I do not have a friend that care for the poorest of the poor—yes, cut $70 billion off of welfare—very pop- wants one. working people, too—to pay for this? If ular in this country. Those worthless, I will tell you what it is all about. that is what the revolution last fall no-good, shiftless people on welfare. Right here on this chart. Eighty-six was about, then God save America. Some of them are indeed no-good, percent of the money spent for 14,000 What else are we doing? We are shiftless people. But some of them sim- jobs goes to California, Texas, Ala- spreading the already terrible disparity ply did not happen to choose their par- bama, and Florida. So the Senators, as of income in this country. Everybody ents as well as I did. That is their only far as I am concerned, from those knows and they talk about it, but no- sin. They did a lousy job of picking States, get a pass. Go ahead and vote body wants to address it. The disparity their parents. for it. For the other 46 States, who put between incomes in America is twice What are we going to do? We are more into the space station of their tax as great as any of the 18 developed na- going to bless the poor unless they get money than they get back, what is tions on Earth. The only country even pregnant at the age of 17. What are we your excuse? Now, it is not unusual close is Britain and we have a 2-to-1 going to do with food stamps? We are around here for people to vote for big margin on Britain. going to cut food stamps. Maybe we expenditures because there are some How do we rectify this? We raise can get a few more homeless people on jobs in their State. I have done it, and taxes for the poor, we cut health care the streets. All so we can pay for the we all do it. It is not unusual to vote for the poor, and we provide $250 billion space station. for big-ticket items that big corpora- in tax relief—for the poor?; no—for peo- Mr. President, the National Insti- tions who have big PAC’s and big con- ple who make over $100,000 a year. That tutes of Health, who do honest-to-God tributors want. I want to tell you be- includes everybody in the U.S. Senate. research—go out to the National Insti- fore you vote, remember that 86 per- Yes, Senators, you will get a nice tax tutes of Health and ask what have they cent of all the money is going to these cut next year. So what happens to the done. They have developed antibiotics; four States. working poor who have two or three they have developed all kinds of drugs

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14233 that give AIDS patients a little longer because he says it will help us go to Nobody supports reducing the Fed- life; chemotherapy for cancer patients. Mars. He says the only justification for eral deficit or balancing the budget They are doing honest-to-goodness re- this is to explore Mars and beyond. If more than I do. But we also have to search—a new chicken pox vaccine for you believe that, vote against this worry about the pioneering spirit that our children, a new hepatitis vaccine amendment. I would like to go to Mars. really is the foundation of building this for our children. Not one person in I would like to be able to fund this great country. We cannot afford not to America quarrels with that priority. space station if we had a balanced do that. I had pneumonia twice before I was 6 budget and if we were not cutting Let me make an analogy. Let us years old and all my mother and father every defenseless person in America. draw from another time. Maybe it is a could do was pray. There were no anti- So, Mr. President, I have other peo- pretty important time for the State biotics, nothing. When I was in the Pa- ple who are here who wish to speak. I from which Senator BUMPERS comes cific in World War II, we took sulfur to thank them for it. But one final point from. But let us compare this time to keep from getting malaria, sulfur de- on international cooperation, which the time of President Thomas Jefferson veloped by the National Institutes of Carl Sagan says he thinks justifies this when he requested support of the Lewis Health. You will not get sulfur, you program, is that the Russians are going and Clark expedition that finally led to will not get penicillin, you are not to participate. Do you know why? We the Louisiana Purchase—or it was going to get anything out of this $100 are going to give them the money. We after the Louisiana Purchase. At the billion expenditure. are going to give them the money. And, time of Jefferson’s request, about half I might just say here that the 40,000 by the way, where are the launches in of the Federal budget was going toward physicists in this country belong to an Russia going to come from? There will debt retirement and interest on the na- organization called the American be no launches in Russia. The launches tional debt. He requested $2,500 for that Physical Society. Do you know who will come from Kazakhstan, not Rus- expedition. We all know what that ex- one of the strongest opponents of the sia, where the cosmonauts of Russia pedition did for our country. Person- space station is? It is the American are located. ally, I know what it did for my State— Physical Society. Do you know why? So I would like to say, for gosh not my home State of Missouri but of Because they know the benefits are sakes, colleagues, do your duty in the my home State now of Montana. very, very minimum and the costs of certain knowledge that my amendment Today the interest on the national real research very, very great. They will be defeated, and what a tragedy. debt is around 14 percent of the Federal have a 50-percent backlog at NIH of ap- Our priorities are so terribly skewed. budget, and the space station request is plications for good research. And, yet, I yield the floor. one-seventh of 1 percent of the Federal this space station is like Rasputin. You Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield 8 budget. cannot kill it. There are too many big minutes to the Senator from Montana. So I would say that both the Presi- corporations, too many jobs—14,000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dent and the Congress have the jobs at $147,000 each. I would like to go ator from Montana. multiyear balanced budget plans, and to General Motors and say, ‘‘You know Mr. BURNS. I thank the chairman, the full funding of the space station I come from a poor State. We need jobs. Mr. President. which is included should stay there, We will give you $147,000 for every job Mr. President, I rise in opposition to and is a bold step. And another bold you create in Arkansas.’’ General Mo- the amendment proposed by Senator step would be making that investment tors would say, ‘‘Where would you like BUMPERS to shut down the space sta- in the future. It is the right way. It is for us to locate?’’ That is what these tion. He is correct when he says every the right thing to do. jobs cost, $147,000 each. year for the last 6 years he has intro- America does have a role in shaping You can buy chicken downtown at duced this amendment to eliminate all the future of humanity in the 21st cen- the Giant grocery store for 69 cents a funding for the space station, in effect tury, and it should be no less than pound. But once you deploy this thing killing the programs that have pro- what it was. It has been great. But also and you start sending chicken up to vided most of the technological ad- it is our big step in space. There are them to eat, it is $12,880 a pound. For 10 vance and promises for many more, many justifications that are cited for years of the operation of the space sta- and, of course, it promises to have the program: It stimulates technology tion, we will spend $25 million every many more to come. and provides commercial opportuni- day. Can you fathom such a thing? Mr. President this program is prob- ties. And if we will look to see the di- For every pound of water we send to ably one of the most vital programs we rection in which we are going, we are the astronauts to drink, $12,880 a have when we start talking about going in that direction; more commer- pound. That is in today’s dollars; it science and technology and research, cialization will be a part of NASA. will be more by then. and it is a catalyst that spurs the curi- The fundamental reason though basi- Your mother used to tell you, ‘‘Oh. osity of all the young people going into cally is it expands the frontier, the Such and such is worth its weight in those fields. The space station is the frontier of knowledge and under- gold.’’ The space station cost 25 times driving force for emerging science and standing, a frontier where humans can its weight in gold. That is right. The technology and the inspiration for live and work. weight of the space station is 25 times young people. It makes them want to The space station is an international the cost of its weight in gold. excel in the sciences and, of course, in space station. It is a cooperative pro- Carl Sagan says the only scientific math. To dampen the spirit of our chil- gram. It draws the resources and the reason in the world to build a space dren to succeed in science and math, scientific expertise not of just the station—and he is not alone; every sin- and that education, would be by damp- United States but 13 nations. So can- gle physicist in the country says—the ening this space station and killing cellation would severely undermine the only justification for the space station their hopes for the future. You cannot credibility of this country with its is to explore Mars and beyond. put a price tag on that. There is no way international partners. International So when you vote against this to measure that. But I know one thing; investments in the station are substan- amendment today—and a majority of it is not measured in dollars and cents. tial and represent the centerpieces of Senators will. This is my sixth year, I The international space station is the space program of our international guess, to try to kill it. When you vote the most important U.S. space effort partners. no today, you are going to be voting to since the Apollo program, and its foun- I chair the authorizing committee of go to Mars. In today’s dollars that is dation for the future in human space NASA. It has had its troubles in the $500 billion. That is twice NASA’s flight programs in the post-cold-war past, but for the last 3 years it has been budget every year for 20 years to go to era. It combines America’s techno- within, and sometimes under, cost and Mars. Why? Because it is there. It is logical mastery, the United States’ schedule, and that has been something like climbing a mountain. international leadership, and the pio- unusual, because we have taken a per- Mr. President, Carl Sagan, as I was neering spirit from which Americans sonal interest in NASA to make sure it about to say, is a fine man, a good sci- find themselves in the center of mod- does what it is supposed to do, when it entist, and he favors the space station ern history. is supposed to do it, within budget.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 We have tried to iron out its prob- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the way we should spend our money? lems. We have a director who, before he ator from North Dakota [Mr. DORGAN] Will this advance our interests? Will it was ever told there were going to be has 5 minutes. advance our space program, in fact? cuts, walked up to the bar and said, ‘‘I Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, this is That is the question he raises. will take $1 billion out of my budget a not a debate between those who sup- This is an interesting time. We have year for the next 5 years if that will port a space program and those who do already been told just recently, a week help you on the Hill to balance your not. It is not a debate about whether or two ago, that we must now advance budget and still keep this very vital, there ought to be a pioneering spirit in a program called star wars or the anti- important program underway.’’ this country. The question is, Should ballistic missile system, and we must This Thursday, aboard the space we build this space station? I have sup- deploy it almost immediately—1999, shuttle, the United States will launch ported the space program. I think some the first deployment. We can afford its second microgravity laboratory of the things we have done in our space that. We can afford trucks the Depart- which will be in space for 16 days. The program have been breathtaking. I am ment of Defense did not order, jet air- mission will be a precursor to the space enormously proud of our astronauts planes they said they did not want. We station laboratory. We will try out a and the people who have developed this say, well, we cannot afford, however, lot of things. space program. Head Start for 350,000 kids that are now I held a hearing last May on the The question for this Congress is, getting Head Start. So we are going to space station. From that hearing, the should we build this space station? The take 350,000 kids and say, ‘‘We are subcommittee determined that NASA point is that the purpose for which the sorry; we cannot afford you and the has overcome some of those problems I space station was originally developed Head Start Program.’’ We are going to was talking about earlier and they are represents a purpose that the space say to 600,000 kids in inner cities, dis- ready to come up to the bar, deal with station can no longer achieve. Most of advantaged kids, ‘‘We are sorry. We do those, finish the development, and the scientific data indicate to us that if not have enough money for summer start using this unique laboratory that we build this space station as it is now jobs for disadvantaged youth.’’ we will use for a long, long time. conceived, it will represent a giant fun- We are going to say to 170,000 vet- By the way, Lewis and Clark had nel through which will go an enormous erans who are incapacitated, ‘‘We’re their problems getting started, too. amount of research dollars, taking sorry, we’re cutting your benefits.’’ We They underestimated by a factor of away from so many other important are saying, ‘‘We’re not very interested three the number of people required to research projects—yes, space research in a real serious review of whether the execute the expedition. So what else is projects —that there simply will not be space station makes good research and new? Everything we have done always enough money available for things we scientific sense in this country’s future operated under Murphy’s Law: Any- are doing because it will all be sunk because this is our pioneering spirit thing that can go wrong will. into this space station. and our international agreements and But if you look at the history of our So it is not about the space program. what we’ve been doing, so let’s keep space program, from the day of incep- It is not about the pioneering spirit. It doing what we’ve been doing.’’ It seems to me if there is a status tion, when we had a President stand up is about this space station. It is about quo around here, it is the folks who in this town and inspire this country to choices, hard choices, tough choices. I every year trod over to the Chamber to reach out into space, it has probably suppose everyone here would say if we vote no on an amendment that asks us been one of the most successful that we can do it all, let us do it all. Let us to review whether this is something have ever undertaken, especially going build the space station. But the forced choices as a result of the fiscal policy this country ought to continue to do. into the unknown, dealing with tech- Now, I stand here today with the problems in our country need to make nologies that were unknown at the Senator from Arkansas. And let me end us look at all of these issues and say, time. where I began. I am not opposed to the are there ways for us to do this better, Today, our manned flight program space program. I have supported much less expensively? Must this be a represents the pinnacle of human of the space program. A young astro- achievement and it transcends every- manned space flight in a space station? naut from North Dakota, Rick Hieb, body in this country. It is a center of Can there be microgravity experiments has been on many space missions and pride. It is that part of America that is and work done in space with auto- was one of the fellows up in the space the example of what we are as a people. mated space flights? station Endeavor when they grabbed The answer is, of course, yes. It is We are a curious people. We are people the Intelsat traveling 16,000 miles an less expensive to do it that way, in who reach out. Only this country can hour with a 10,000 pound satellite in fact. So I am supporting the amend- do it. And some pride has to be taken outer space. They worked for 4 days to ment offered by the Senator from Ar- for that. try to fix this Intelsat. Many of us I am committed to this project, not kansas. He is correct about other watched them working for 5 or 6 hours merely because of the high technology choices, as well. He said this is a set of in space. jobs it brings to 37 States, but because choices. If we do not build the space I am enormously proud of what they it is the right thing to do for America. station, what else can we do? What else have done in the space program. This is I noticed with interest the map of the needs to be done in this country? I said the question: Is this in the advance- Senator from Arkansas. I did not see a year or so ago, when I was in the ment of the space station? I think not, Montana as one of those blackened in Chamber, nobody is going to give a and I support the amendment of the places that receives all the aid money. plaque to the Senator from Arkansas Senator from Arkansas. But I know the effect it has on our for coming here trying to kill some- Mr. BOND. I yield 5 minutes to the young people whenever a shot goes up, thing. There will be a banquet some- Senator from Texas. and as we perform some of the success- place tonight in town, I am sure, where The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ful operations in research and develop- someone is going to invite a Member of ator from Texas [Mrs. HUTCHISON] is ment practices in space. We should not Congress and give him a plaque in rec- recognized for 5 minutes. be so shortsighted to shackle ourselves ognition of his achievements. Mrs. HUTCHISON. I want to thank to this planet. After all, space is the What are his achievements? For help- the chairman of the committee and the next frontier. ing that group or that industry or that ranking member for leading in the ef- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- organization build something or get fort once again for the 20th time to ator’s time has expired. something, the man of the year prob- support the space station. Mr. BURNS. That concludes my re- ably, or the woman of the year. That is In fact, Congress has reaffirmed year marks. I yield the floor. the honor. Nobody is going to give a after year that it is committed to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who plaque to the Senator from Arkansas space station and the new endeavors yields time? for trying to kill the space station. But that are being made every day because Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, by con- he comes to the floor with an amend- we are willing to take this chance to go sent of the Senator from Arkansas, I ment which raises a critically impor- out and look for new industries and yield myself 5 minutes. tant question for this Senate: Is this look for new technologies.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14235 I have two points, Mr. President. to try to find out what the new tech- who led us on a tour of the Johnson First, we are not doing the space sta- nologies are and to grab those new Space Center in Houston and has been tion alone. This is not any longer just technologies and turn them into new a strong proponent of space explo- a U.S. mission. It is an international products, new technologies, and the ration. I thank her for her comments. mission. We have international part- new jobs that go right down to the I now ask her to respond to the ques- ners. Many countries in Europe, Japan, grassroots of the success of our coun- tion raised by the ranking member. Canada, and Russia are putting money try and our economy. Mrs. HUTCHISON. I thank the chair- into this program because they know We have been willing to do that. That man for letting me have this minute to this joint effort is so very important. has been the hallmark of our country. respond to my colleague, because her Are we going to be a bad business part- We have the can-do spirit. We are the point is so very important. And that is, ner? That is the question here. Are we leaders of the world in research and Senator MIKULSKI and I and the other going to say, ‘‘Yes, put in $4.5 billion,’’ technology and development. We are women Senators have looked at the which our international partners have acknowledged as that. Are we going to amount of money that has been spent done, ‘‘but we are not really com- turn around and say, ‘‘No, let’s be stag- on women’s health in this country. It is mitted. We are going to walk away nant. Let’s look back 200 years ago and appallingly small, Mr. President. The from this project after we have told see what was done then. We don’t need women’s health issues have not been you that we are going to do it.’’ to do any more. We have actually done addressed to anywhere near the degree Mr. President, I do not think the everything that we need to do now.’’ If that would be required according to the United States is going to be a bad busi- we do that, Mr. President, that is the number of people in our country who ness partner. And, in fact, I think if we beginning of the end of this dynamic are stricken by these women’s diseases. did the ethical thing, if we did decide country that is the greatest super- In fact, we are on the cusp, because to walk away from it, we would have to power in the world. of the space station and because of the reimburse the $4.5 billion to the part- That is not America, Mr. President. microgravity conditions, of being able ners that have put up the money. That That is not the way we have built this to have breakthroughs both in breast would be a terrible waste. It would be country, and it is not the way we are cancer research and osteoporosis. That the wrong thing to do. That is on the going to keep this country strong, we is why this is so very important for us business side. That is on just being a are going to keep our economy vital, to continue. I appreciate the emphasis good partner. That is on ethics. we are going to create the new jobs for of the Senator from Maryland on wom- Let us talk about the merits, and the young people coming out of high en’s health care issues, and it is be- that is my second point. Let us talk school and college, the immigrants cause of her leadership that we all about the merits. You heard people say that come into our country looking for know that women’s health care re- that the science is not there; this is the opportunity that this country has search has not had the funding that we going to crowd out other science always provided. have needed through all these many projects. In fact, this is a science We are going to continue to have years, and now is the time that we project that has cut its budget, that those opportunities and to make those have the ability to do it. I appreciate has streamlined, that has not put its opportunities by investing in research. her support in a bipartisan way for us head in the sand to say, ‘‘Oh, we are Our research budget in this country to be able to continue the space sta- scientific, we cannot cut our budget.’’ used to be about 4 percent. Now it is tion, which is going to give us the In fact, we have cut our budget $40 bil- below 2 percent. We must not walk chance to have those breakthroughs lion. We are cutting by streamlining away from that in the name of cutting that we hope will be able to cure breast the project. spending. That is eating our seed corn. cancer and stop osteoporosis, which is But the point is, there are things Our seed corn is what gives us the op- causing so much pain for the elderly being done in the space station that portunity to create those new tech- people in our country. I thank Senator cannot be done in any other way. And nologies that will absorb the new peo- MIKULSKI. that is because the microgravity condi- ple in our system and keep us vibrant tions that we find in space are so im- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I will and robust. use 1 minute of speaking on this and portant for cancer research, especially I thank the Chair. will speak again on my own time. women’s cancer research, such as Ms. MIKULSKI. Will the Senator breast cancer and osteoporosis, which yield? I believe the American people want hits women the hardest. Those can Mrs. HUTCHISON. I would be happy us to work on a bipartisan basis to save only be done in the microgravity condi- to. lives and to save jobs in the United tions which cannot be duplicated on Ms. MIKULSKI. Could the Senator States of America and to develop those Earth. So we are looking at scientific elaborate on what the space station lifesaving techniques that we can ex- advances that cannot be done in any means to the women’s health agenda? port around the world. Working on a other way but this one. And we are on As the Senator knows, we worked on bipartisan basis, we have worked on the brink of making breakthroughs. women’s health on a bipartisan basis, saving lives, and the special emphasis We also are on the brink of learning particularly in the area of breast can- on women’s health care that we have how we are going to be able to live bet- cer and ovarian cancer and others. done on a bipartisan basis has been ex- ter in space. And, Mr. President, we Could the Senator take a second or two traordinary. have to be looking to the future. We to elaborate on that? And I would like Let me tell you what working to- have to see what kind of environment to thank her for working on a bipar- gether has meant and working with there is, what we can get from the en- tisan basis. NASA. It means that for the victims of vironment and the environmental les- Mrs. HUTCHISON. I appreciate the osteoporosis, NASA has developed in- sons that we learn in space. So the question. struments to measure bone loss and science is good. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bone density without penetrating the Mr. President, we have been able to Chair informs the Senator, all time has skin that is now being used in hos- grow in this country. We have been expired. pitals. It also means that in the ab- able to absorb the immigrants that Mrs. HUTCHISON. If I can have a sence, that research equipment devel- come to our country, the new people minute to answer, I would be happy to. oped by the space station is already that grow up in our country because we But I understand if others are seeking paying dividends on the ground by have been willing to do the basic re- to speak, that—— growing ovarian tumor samples in search that may or may not produce Ms. MIKULSKI. I will elaborate. NASA’s new cell culturing device, something. We know it is always Mrs. HUTCHISON. Because we have called a bioreactor, so that tumors can chance when you go out and you burst done it on a bipartisan basis. be studied outside the body without forward to do the new things that have Mr. BOND. I will yield 2 additional harm to the patient and developing the not been done before. We have been minutes to be shared by the three of technique to intervene. willing to do that in America. We have us. In my comments, I want to express This is an enormous breakthrough, been willing to spend that extra money my thanks to the Senator from Texas, and while we are concentrating using

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 space science focusing on ovarian tu- minated, and at that time, in a des- billion space station Freedom which the mors, this will have incredible con- perate effort to save it, the Clinton ad- administration terminated back in sequences also for brain tumors and ministration brought Russia into the 1993. Neither can our children, from other diseases that are terminal be- program and they asserted this was whom this money is going to be com- cause of a tumor effect. going to reduce the cost by nearly $2 ing. NASA cannot afford it. As the This is absolutely crucial. Working billion, down from $19.4 billion to $17.4 GAO and CBO both warned in several with the NIH on joint ventures, on hor- billion, and that promise of $2 billion of dire reports, NASA’s budget over the monal disorders, immune system dys- savings was critical to saving this par- next 5 years falls $10 billion short. functions and also on heart disease, ticular program. They cannot account for how they are now the No. 1 killer of women in the I was suspicious at those claims. I going to come up with another $10 bil- United States of America, shows this. I asked the GAO to make an analysis of lion to fund the programs already know that the Senator from Texas is those claims, and they found that $2 scheduled for their funding. aware that because of our efforts, billion savings to be about as thin as So we have so much money going NASA and NIH have entered into a the space through which the space sta- into the space station now that they joint agreement on how we can do tion is going to fly. As a matter of fact, are not going to be able to carry on the things in space that we could never do the Russians, by coming into the pro- kind of programs that are going to be here. By doing things in space collabo- gram, are actually going to cost us al- necessary for them to carry out their ratively, it will not only be in the lab- most $2 billion more. Contrary to the mission. oratory, it will be in the doctor’s office claim of saving $2 billion, it is going to Another disturbing discovery by GAO and in pharmaceutical devices we can be about $2 billion more. is that most of the research proposals sell around the world. I yield the floor. NASA failed to take into account and submitted to NASA for funding were The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. to identify the additional costs of in- described as being rather mediocre or HUTCHISON). Who yields time? volving the Russians in our program. It even worse. Nearly two-thirds—nearly Mr. BUMPERS. Madam President, I reminds me somewhat of the Steve two-thirds—according to the GAO, said yield 8 minutes to the Senator from Martin routine where he says: they were not considered scientifically Maine. ‘‘I can tell you how to make a mil- meritorious by scientific peer review The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- lion dollars and pay no taxes. The first panels. We heard a lot about all the ex- ator from Maine is recognized for 8 thing you do is make a million dollars. periments that are going to take place minutes. The second thing, you pay no taxes. only in space, and yet two-thirds of the Mr. COHEN. Madam President, I Then when the IRS shows up, slap proposed experiments are not sup- thank my friend. yourself on the forehead and say, ‘I for- ported by scientific peers. Madam President, if this were con- got, I forgot.’’’ Madam President, the reason I rise in strued to be an antiwomen’s health What NASA has forgotten to do is to support of the amendment is that we issue vote, an anti-breast-cancer vote, identify the additional $1.4 billion in cannot, on the one hand, continue to an anti-ovarian-cancer vote, I would costs of bringing the Russians into the talk to our colleagues and our country- not be on the floor supporting the Sen- program by forcing us to have to ac- men and women about the need to re- ator from Arkansas. I have never commodate their technologies with strain spending, and then come up with known him to be antiwomen. I have ours and match them up. B–2 bombers that we have to fund at never known him to cut back on funds But beyond that, we have heard a lot $30 billion or come up with a space sta- for research, be it for osteoporosis or of talk about being a good business tion that will cost another $100 billion. cancer of any form. In fact, he has partner, about this being an inter- And there may be no end in sight, in- probably been one of the leaders in national project. Indeed, it is. Just yes- deed, as far as infinity itself may carry favor of more research. terday, the trade press reported that us into space, as to how much this pro- So the notion that somehow this officials at Russia’s Mission Control gram is ultimately going to cost. vote, by failing to support the space Center at Kaliningrad said low salaries On the one hand, we are cutting back station, is now going to be an are making it difficult to prepare, with from major programs—from Medicare, antiwomen’s health vote, is that what Johnson Space Center in Houston, to from homeless, from Head Start and all we have come to? run the international space station. those that have been articulated—and Madam President, I would like to And Russia is not the only inter- we are going to commit endless billions support the space station, which will national partner backing away from of dollars to this program with no end cost probably about $100 billion. I this program. Canada already reduced in sight. For that reason, Madam would even like to support the B–2 its commitment. Yesterday’s press ac- President, I rise in support of the Sen- bomber, which the occupant of the count indicated Italy is backing away ator’s amendment. chair also supports. That is another $30 from its contribution to the space sta- I yield back the remainder of my billion. And we are probably going to tion and wants other European coun- time. get both. Probably when all is said and tries to pick up the slack. According to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- done, we are going to have another $130 the media reports again yesterday, ator from Missouri. billion just in these two programs. German and French officials are call- Mr. BOND. Madam President, I yield By the same token, we stand over ing Italy’s action the death knell for 8 minutes to the very distinguished here on this side of the aisle and we European participation in the United Senator from Ohio who comes to this talk day after day about budgets, States-led effort. body with a great knowledge of space about how we have to save money for If any more of our partners decide to and speaks on the basis of his personal our children, the crushing debt we are cut back, guess where the cost is going knowledge, as well as his legislative putting on their shoulders. We heard to come from? Good old Uncle Sam is experience. words quoted from Jefferson and the going to have to cough up the money Mr. GLENN. I thank my distin- implication from President Kennedy. our international partners are starting guished colleague for his great, kind Maybe we should say we will pay any to back away from. remarks. price, will bear any burden, will borrow NASA says this program is going to Madam President, I think this coun- any money in order to build a space cost roughly $71 billion. Given the fact try became what it is, largely because station, whatever its costs, whatever that the average cost overrun in NASA we were a research-oriented Nation. the merit of the scientific experiments. programs is about 77 percent, it should We expressed our curiosity; curiosity Last year, we heard the debate on the come as no surprise that this program became a way of life. We applied it to NAFTA vote. Maybe the giant sucking will probably come nearer to $100 bil- everything. We applied it to medicine, sound we are going to hear will be all lion. But even if you assume it is going teaching, agriculture, government. those dollars being drained into a large to come in right on target, $71 billion How can we do things better? What new black hole. is something that we cannot afford for things can we learn and put to use? One Madam President, 2 years ago, this the Russian Alpha station any more thing we have learned, even though program was on the verge of being ter- than we could have afforded the $120 every time we set out for research it is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14237 not a 100 percent home run, the money Earth, it could give a whole new ap- we cut back on Government research. spent on research seems to almost al- proach. AIDS, osteoporosis, breast can- This, at a time when we are moving ways have a way of coming back and cer, and ovarian cancer are the chief into new international competition, giving us tremendous benefits not seen focus of attention so far. where we need more research, more of at the outset. I ask, what if we have a new break- the new, more curiosity in how we deal Here, for the first time in all the tens through in just one of those areas? It with these matters for the future, so upon tens of thousands of years of may be worth everything spent on the that our children have the good jobs of human history, we have the chance to whole space station program by itself if the future right here. Nothing is as do research away from the confines of just one of these cultures coming back stimulating to our children right now mother Earth. It is stimulating and in- now—and we had pictures of them on as this interest in the space program teresting. I meet almost daily with the floor yesterday—gives us a clue as and their interest in science and math young people in school groups, who to how to take care of the problems of and exploration. The space station lit- want to talk about this. It has stimu- AIDS–HIV, ovarian cancer and breast erally has become symbolic of the lated their curiosity, our work in cancer. Current digital technology United States and how we look at our space. I think it is much more than a gives us a 5 times more accurate diag- future. childhood interest in wanting to fly. nosis of breast cancer over previous I will point out one other thing. The space program is stimulating their technologies. This exists right now be- There is about one-fourth of the space interest in science, math, and explo- cause of the space program. So when station already built. We do not talk ration. Along with this interest, we are we say there has not been anything about that much. We have put together getting the benefits for future genera- coming out of this program, it is just 50,000 pounds of this 400,000-pound sta- tions. Research in microgravity is in not true. tion; 60,000 pounds already has been put keeping with the long American tradi- Osteoporosis is another one that is together by our allies that are working tion of research in medicine, teaching, particularly amenable to the research together on this project. So we have agriculture, government, and con- in space because that occurs in the as- about a little over one-fourth of the tinuing this curiosity that has been the tronauts at an accelerated rate over project—the space station—that has al- hallmark of Americans since our and above anything that occurs here on ready been built. So it is not just some- founding days. Earth. One of the major areas of re- thing that it theoretical out there, The space station is the greatest search in biotechnology is to provide that if we chop the budget, we save all international scientific cooperative ef- research results that can revolutionize the money. We do not. That is not the fort ever put together. In addition to drug development. There are current main reason for going ahead with the the very real importance of inter- projects for AIDS and emphysema by program. The reason is the potential national cooperation, there are very major pharmaceutical firms. for research that we have for the fu- specific benefits which will accrue to I add, when the Station opponents ture. each one of us here. Now these benefits say nobody wants these programs and Madam President, how much time re- are not in areas like Velcro and Tang there is no basic support for the re- mains? and some of the things we were talking search here, that is just not true. Many The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time about on the floor here last night. All companies and research laboratories of the Senator is up. of those things were invented long be- —the National Research Council, Bris- Mr. GLENN. I thank the Chair. fore the space program. So those were tol-Myers Pharmaceutical Research In- Mr. BOND. Madam President, how not benefits that came out of this pro- stitute, and a policy adopted by the much time remains on each side? gram. American Medical Association—sup- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- But what we are talking about is port the space station. There are also ator from Missouri has 14 minutes. The very basic, fundamental research—re- different medical centers, a whole list Senator from Arkansas has 7 minutes search that may give us benefits in of them here. I do not have time in my 52 seconds. how we cope with osteoporosis, which 8 minutes to go into them this morn- Mr. BOND. I thank the Chair. causes hundreds of thousands of broken ing. I yield 5 minutes to my distinguished bones every year; it is a weakening of In addition to biotechnology, bio- colleague from Maryland. the human body. It may give us a new medical, and biological research, mus- Ms. MIKULSKI. Madam President, I approach on colon cancer, breast can- cle and bone growth, NASA is aiding in first would like to deal with a couple of cer and ovarian cancer. This is not the- the development of techniques for rebuttals on issues that came up. The oretical now. We are working with a counteracting the effects of aging, and distinguished Senator from Arkansas bioreactor, which was mentioned by on down the line—material science, talked about how Carl Sagan had op- Senator MIKULSKI a few moments ago. combustion science. At the last inter- posed the space station. I would like to We actually have tested a bioreactor national consortium on combustion, bring to the Senate’s attention that in space successfully. Why is that im- over 10 percent of the papers were Carl Sagan, since his book was pub- portant? Because a bioreactor is capa- given on findings out of the space sta- lished, has now endorsed the inter- ble of more accurately simulating how tion. If we make a small step forward national space station. We now have tissues grow in the body than any in combustion research, who knows the endorsement of the Planetary Soci- other way of tissue culturing. If you what energy savings we can make here ety. He also talks about how the Amer- experiment in a lab here on Earth on Earth. ican Physical Society does not endorse using traditional tissue culturing Another area is low temperature the space station. I would like to bring mechanishm, the usual outcome is that microgravity physics. These are things out that the Institute for Electrical the tissue settles to the bottom of the that are of benefit right now, and they and Electronic Engineers does; the test tube, or Petri dish, or whatever. In are not things that are just going to be American Astronautical Society does; space using a bioreactor, tissues grow looked at in the future. These things the AMA does; the American Women’s in three dimensions, much more simi- are in research and giving results right Medical Association does. lar to what you find in the human now. Now, Madam President, I was once a body. As we have shown on the last As I said, I think money put into our skeptic of the space station. I, too, Space Shuttle flights that used the bio- research program in this country has wonder if we were building this huge reactor, cultures can be grown at least paid off at the outset more than any- technological endeavor to be a condo in twice as large as any in a similar situa- thing we have seen. Right now, our the sky for astronauts to be able to tion here on Earth. This could give us problem is that many of the companies jump to Mars. I no longer share that a whole new approach to colon cancer, that did basic research, and were will- belief. Why? First, on the drawing breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. ing to put money into the 5-, 10-, 15-, books is no plan or no budget for us to When you culture things like this in even the 20-year programs, are cutting take manned space flights to Mars in space and they grow to a larger size back. They are cutting back on the this century. But there is a space sta- and you learn how to work with them money they are putting into research tion that is not going to be a condo for better there and bring them back to at the same time we are proposing that astronauts, but it is going to be a space

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 lab for American scientists and inge- logical inventions. People come from announcement come about as to what nuity. That is why I support it. around the world to do that. we have done for the welfare of our Now, like you, Madam President, I Now, when we build the space sta- people from the space station. am a hands-on, get-out-and-about type tion, we do not do it alone. We have I believe strongly in the space pro- Senator. I did not want to make my international partners. We have the gram. I will tell you that I believe mind up on the basis of memos and pa- best minds here collaborating with the strongly they are cutting back on pers about pie-in-the-sky or space-sta- best minds over there, to go into space, space programs that I applaud and you tion-in-the-sky activity. I went down to come back and save those jobs, save applaud in order to make room for this to Houston. I went to where they are those lives, right here in the United thing which Newsweek called a boon- actually working on what the future of States of America. doggle. the space station is. I was impressed, I am for the space station. What is it for? Why, I have heard and I came back a passionate supporter Mr. BUMPERS. Madam President, talk about children getting excited. It of the American space station because first of all, I ask unanimous consent is a new frontier. It is all those things. of its impact on saving lives, saving that Senator DORGAN and Senator BAU- I get excited about Apollo 13. I get ex- jobs, and making sure that we have CUS be added as cosponsors. cited when I see astronauts retrieving lifesaving devices and pharmaceuticals, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without a satellite. But that does not mean I and once again America has jobs in the objection, it is so ordered. have to take leave of my senses and Mr. BUMPERS. Madam President, I scientific area but in the blue-collar vote for $100 billion project—$100 bil- yield myself 3 minutes. manufacturing area. I tell you who I put my confidence in: lion. Do you know what children in this I saw what are the projected activi- Every physicist in America who said ties for being able to do life science and you cannot do one thing in space that country are entitled to? They are enti- microgravity research. you cannot do on Earth for a lot less tled to grow up secure from crime on Now critics could say, ‘‘Point to one money. the streets. They are entitled to grow thing that the space station has done I put my faith in the guy who runs up not hungry. They are entitled to in life science.’’ We cannot because the the Johnson Space Center. There will grow up with an education so they can space station is not yet flying. We can be life sciences here, but we have not do honest-to-God research when they point to what NASA has already done finalized that. Really, it is hard to an- are adults. They are entitled to grow in the area of medical research and life swer that question. This is the man up in a decent home that does not leak, science. who runs the program. that is warm in the wintertime. The Senator from Ohio, an astronaut I intentionally did not bore the Sen- What is the U.S. Congress doing? We Senator, has said it. Who are you going ate today with the myriad of hundreds are assaulting the children of this Na- to believe? Some wonky report from a of quotes from every physicist, vir- tion, cutting food stamps, cutting critic? Or are you going to believe one tually every medical researcher in housing, cutting education. Edu- of the most famous Senators in the America, all of whom say that this is a cational loans will be cut $8 billion world? terrible, terrible way to spend the tax- more over the next 7 years than this I put my belief in JOHN GLENN. I put payers’ money when it comes to re- thing will cost. my belief in what I saw at Houston. I search. I look at it and I cannot believe it. I put my belief in the fact that what The Senator from Ohio, JOHN GLENN, wonder, what kind of values does this NASA has already done is come up and I came to the Senate at the same place have? I believe in research. I be- with a pacemaker that can be pro- time. We have been close, steadfast lieve in women’s health issues. I defy grammed outside of the body, a cold friends ever since. There is not any- anybody to show me where I ever voted suit which has been developed to im- body in the body for whom I have against it. I do everything I possibly prove the quality of life of MS patients. greater respect. can from my position on the Health I could go on about other activities. It pains me when we disagree, which and Human Resources Subcommittee NASA has a clear, demonstrable record we do strongly on this issue. I know on Appropriations. on what it has already done in life Senator GLENN’s great talents. He is a Betty Bumpers has spent her entire science. One can only estimate what it genuine, certified America hero. But public life taking advantage of the fact will mean in the future. even Senator GLENN will only tell you that her husband was Governor and We also have an international im- what we hope to do. Senator to bring immunization pro- pact. We are not in this by ourselves. I tell you, we have been hoping for 30 grams to every State in the Nation. We are in it with the Europeans, the years. That is how long we have been The pharmaceutical companies of this Japanese, and the Canadians. We have in space—30 years—and I am still wait- country have been champs in the area. a treaty relationship with them to ing for somebody in the Senate not to They have developed new vaccines—not build this space station. To abrogate just talk about AIDS and cancer and on the space station; they did it in that responsibility puts at risk the multiple sclerosis, but to tell me what their laboratories. credibility of the United States with the space station has done. I can tell I agree with Carl Sagan. I agree with its international partners. you—zip, zero, for AIDS and cancer. every physicist in the country who I believe that is a mistake. Yes, the When it comes to women’s health says there is only one rationale for the Russians are in it. We used to compete issue, I thank the Senator from Maine space station—that is to go to Mars. If with the Russians. Now we cooperate very much for pointing out that no- you want to go to Mars, fine. We went with the Russians to make sure that body has been stronger for medical re- to the Moon. we make maximum use of our financial search in this country than I. I sit on I went down to the Johnson Space resources and maximum use of our sci- the committee that appropriates Center to see what we got. We got some entific capability. money for the National Institutes of drillings. It was exciting. I got as teary Is this not what we dreamed about Health so I know how they are starved eyed as any Member of the Senate when the cold war came down? That we to death. They are located in Mary- when Neil Armstrong stepped off, but I would put our hand out with the Rus- land. They cannot even begin to get did not say I wanted to waste $100 bil- sians, and in the area of civilian re- the money they need to do the research lion because I am excited today, not at search that in no way weakens our na- that needs to be done. the expense of the tremendous needs of tional security, we could put our best When have you seen a story out of this Nation. minds together? Is that not one of the NIH on what we are doing on hepatitis? I yield the floor. dreams of the cold war, that by work- What we are doing on Lyme disease? Mr. BOND. Madam President, I yield ing in space out there we can further Cancer? Chemotherapy? Almost daily myself 6 minutes. peace and scientific advancement here? there are reports from the National In- Madam President, we have had some That is what America is all about. stitutes of Health on gigantic medical very spirited debate. Let me address We are known for our social inven- advancements. some of the points that have been tions, like our Constitution and our I invite Members to tell me in 30 raised by my good friend, the Senator democratic framework, and our techno- years when have you seen one single from Arkansas.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14239 He has made very compelling argu- that Carl Sagan had made to support has been signed between American and ments about how we have not learned the position of the Senator from Ar- Russian companies for the first piece of anything from the space station. Small kansas that we ought to cancel the the space station—the FGB module— wonder, when we have not built the space station. The Senator from Mary- scheduled for launch in November 1997. space station. It is not up there yet. It land said it very well. But let me just Construction is underway in Moscow. has not done anything yet. We have quote from a letter dated July 24, 1995, Second, the space station is perfectly had successes exploring in space but we from the same Carl Sagan. He said: on schedule and on budget. NASA has have not built a space station. For Congress to cancel the space station kept its promise to maintain the first The people would have been up there now would cause huge disruptions in many element launch in November 1997, and who are doing research said we need to local and regional economies, and, worse yet, at a total cost of $17.4 billion through have that permanent presence in space it would scar our national psyche. It would end the rationale for America’s manned the end of construction in 2002. The so we can find out over time how these space station has successfully gone experiments work. That is the whole space program, and with it would die some of the spirit of a great nation bold enough to through its first incremental design re- purpose. If we applied that test to all seek great achievements. view. NASA has identified no technical basic research, that you cannot sup- Madam President, it would be a trag- show-stoppers to building this space port basic research until you show station. what it has done, we would be shutting edy, an utter tragedy, to kill the space down federally funded facilities at uni- station. It is the most ambitious and Third, a streamlined management versities and every other scientific or- exciting program since the Apollo pro- team is in place. NASA has reduced its ganization because you do not know gram of over 25 years ago. in-house work force on the program by what you will get from basic research I, with my son, enjoyed the smashing 1,000 people—from 2,300 to 1,300—and is until you get there. success this year of the movie, ‘‘Apollo managing the program better than Certainly, I will go with the sci- 13,’’ that drew in millions of people— ever. NASA and the space station’s entists who are planning on the experi- those who recall those glory days, a prime contractor, Boeing, signed a $5.63 ments that will take the time that a time when America set ambitious goals billion contract earlier this year to space station can afford them to deter- and moved to accomplish it; and those build the space station. This contract mine what the impact of microgravity who are too young to have lived reflects NASA’s new procurement phi- and the other exigencies of space through those heydays yet are natu- losophy of motivating contractors to produce in scientific research. rally drawn by its spirit of exploration, avoid cost growth, and includes incen- Now, the question is raised about the bravery, and discovery. That is the tives for getting the job done for less National Institutes of Health. NASA spirit that made America great. than the target cost, and penalties if and NIH have executed 18 cooperative The international space station will there are overruns. This is exactly the agreements since 1992, and joint activi- mark America’s next great step in this kind of procurement reform that’s ties have included scientific work- endeavor. The station will become a needed. shops, ground-based and flight inves- visible symbol of our commitment to Fourth, cooperation with Russia is tigations, other specialized activities the future as our children will watch it working as planned. NASA has made such as the space line reference system move elegantly across the nightly sky. two space shuttle flights to Russia’s developed by the National Library of Although the space station has many Mir space station already this year. Medicine. NASA expects an expanding of the same characteristics as the The first shuttle rendezvoused with level of cooperation with NIH as re- Apollo program, it is also different in Mir, and the second docked with it—the search enters the space station era. important ways. The Apollo program first United States-Russian docking in NIH researchers are expected to use was motivated by the cold-war need to 20 years. These flights proved not only the space station’s next generation beat the Russians to the moon. Space the technical feasibility of our two life-support sciences facilities, includ- station, in contrast, will involve the countries working together in space, ing the human research facility, the cooperation of 13 nations, making it but the political feasibility as well. gravitational biology facility, and the the largest cooperative science pro- With each of these flights—and another centrifuge facility in pursuit of na- gram in history. The international is scheduled in 6 weeks—we learn more tional biomedical research goals. partners have spend billions on the pro- about working together and over- We have heard the figure bandied gram to date. Instead of beating the coming technical and cultural barriers. about that the space station costs $94 Russians, we will be working closely The inclusion of Russia will enable billion. More than half of that, to be with them to build a better, more ro- space station to be completed 15 quite frank with my colleagues, to set bust orbital laboratory. months earlier than the previous de- the record straight, comes from the It is time to stop with these inces- sign and have more crew and more re- shuttle. That is how we get up there. sant attempts to kill the space station. search volume—all at a savings of ap- That is costing $50 billion. I hope the Over the last 4 years, there have been proximately $2 billion to United States objective of this amendment is not to 13 attempts in the House and Senate to taxpayers. kill the space shuttle and kill all space kill the program and all have fortu- research. I think that would be a dou- nately failed. Last year, a resounding Fifth, this program is not a budget ble tragedy. Recall that the total $94 64 senators voted against this amend- buster. It fits within the budget resolu- billion not only funds the shuttle, it ment and I among them. The argu- tion. The House version of the budget funds the building and the operation of ments used by station opponents this resolution specifically included space the space station. We do not justify year are the same old, tired arguments station funding all the way to the end other programs this way by saying the that have been used in years past—the of construction in 2002, and the con- total cost of 20 years of operations is claims were not true then, and they are ference agreement with this body pro- such. We talk about the yearly cost. not true now. Here are some of the vides $2 billion more in function 250 We could have tremendous figures if facts: than the House did. We can balance the you took any program and built the First, the space station is no longer a budget and invest in the future. continuing costs over years. We judge dream but a reality. Thanks to prior Sixth, space station will not under- them on an operational year-by-year year congressional commitments, the mine the balance among NASA pro- cost. program has finally entered a period of grams in human spaceflight, science, This idea that we are going to make stability. After a tumultuous decade, technology, and aeronautics. This very great savings overlooks the tremen- NASA has a design and schedule that bill shows how NASA can afford space dous potential for great contributions work. There is not talk of redesigns or station, Mission to Planet Earth, new to our scientific and engineering restructuring today, only building aircraft technology, a new reusable knowledge from the space station. hardware. About 50,000 pounds of hard- launch vehicle, and a host of other pro- Yesterday, my good friend from Ar- ware have been built already. Some grams, while maintaining that bal- kansas quoted extensively from Carl 75,000 pounds of hardware will be built ance—which is so crucial to NASA’s fu- Sagan and quoted all the arguments by the end of 1995. The final contract ture. With the zero-base review

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 changes that NASA is now imple- With the benefit of over three decades of WHAT THE NATION’S LEADING RESEARCHERS menting, NASA can afford this pro- experience in space flight, it is now clear AND SCIENTISTS ARE SAYING ABOUT THE gram, and so can the Nation. that the conduct of scientific and applica- INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION This country must continue to invest tion missions in space by human crews is of very limited value. Several years ago, Carl Sagan, Bruce Mur- in the future. A research laboratory in ray and I (the officers of The Planetary Soci- space can provide unimaginable bene- That is echoed by every premier sci- ety) opposed the then-space station plan as fits to the American people. The space entist and physicist in America. serving no national purpose. The present Dr. Van Allen goes on to say: station is the only facility where re- plan is serving national and international in- search can be conducted for long dura- For almost all scientific and utilitarian terests. For Congress to cancel the space sta- purposes a human crew in space is neither tion now would end the rationale for Amer- tions in microgravity. This unique en- necessary nor significantly useful. ica’s manned space program, and with it vironment has only begun to be ex- Dr. Bloembergen says that human would die the spirit of a great nation bold plored scientifically. American tax- crews are inconsistent with most enough to seek great achievements.—Carl payers are certain to benefit, just as microgravity research. But I want my Sagan and Louis Friedman, The Planetary they have from other basic research, colleagues to answer this one question. Society. and probably in ways we least expect. What is it about space and no gravity The program of protein crystal growth ex- This amendment to terminate the that makes it so fascinating for med- periments sponsored by NASA has been one space station threatens the very exist- ical research, or the development of of the real success stories in microgravity ence of the U.S. human space flight sciences and applications. Protein crystal new crystals for our computer indus- growth research has made much progress, program and would abdicate U.S. world try? I do not know the answer. But I leadership in the largest international but must now move to the next phase, which rely on those who do. They say there is requires prolonged access to a microgravity science project in history. With only 2 none. Dr. Van Allen, and Dr. Park, who environment with potential for human inter- years left before the first launch, I is a leader of the 40,000 physicists in vention on a continuing basis. This new hope this will be the last of a long line the American Physical Society say phase will require an orbiting platform such of attempts to end this program and its none. Do you know what else they say? as that provided by the International Space defeat will send a strong message of Much of the research for microgravity, Station.—Howard M. Einspahr, Bristol- commitment to finish the job we’ve if it has any beneficial value, can be Myers-Squibb Pharmaceutical Research In- started. I strongly oppose this amend- done on Earth which brings me to my stitute. ment. final point, and then I will yield the The AMA supports the continuation of the Mr. BUMPERS. Madam President, floor and I will not say another word NASA and other programs for conducting medical research and other research with po- how much time do I have remaining? about this. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Two tential health care benefits on manned space You ask yourself. What do you think flights, including the continued development minutes. is more important? The planet Earth Mr. BUMPERS. Madam President, I and subsequent operation of the inter- or going to the planet Mars? That is all national space station.—Policy Adopted by ask for an additional 2 minutes for a this is about. Carl Sagan and all of the American Medical Association. total of 4 minutes. them say that, if you want to go to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Through the NASA-NIH linkage, the Space Mars, then build a space station. If you Station has become a vitally important and objection? do not, do not. You ask yourself about unique laboratory for biomedical research. Mr. BOND. Madam President, what is the needs of the children of America, In addition to its central role in aerospace the time remaining on our side? about their food and their education engineering and space exploration, the Space The PRESIDING OFFICER. Two and their clothing and their housing. Station is an investment in the future of bio- minutes fifty-three seconds. They are crying on the streets. Ask medical research.—John W. Rowe, M.D., Mr. BOND. I ask for an additional 2 yourself about the health care of our Mount Sinai Medical Center. minutes on our side. elderly. The needs are growing, but the A commitment to conduct continuous re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there funding is being cut. That is all hap- search for longer periods of time in space is objection? also essential. Ultimately, our hope is to be Without objection, it is so ordered. pening on the planet Earth. The prob- able to crystallize proteins in microgravity, The Senator from Arkansas will have lems are not cosmic. The problems are conduct all x-ray data collection experi- 4 minutes, and 2 minutes will be added here on Earth. You want to go to Mars? ments in Space and transmit the data to to the Senator from Missouri. Be my guest. But for God sakes, do not earth for processing. This can only be done Mr. BUMPERS. Madam President, do it when we have these unbelievable in a Space Station.—T. L. Nagabhushan, the Senator from Missouri, who is my problems that are growing daily, that Ph.D., Schering-Plough Research Institute. good friend, says the Senator from Ar- $94 billion would go an awful long way AMWA supports the continuation of fund- kansas is making the same old tired ar- to cure. ing for NASA’s International Space Station The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- because it provides one of the most prom- guments that he has made every year. ising new vistas for medical research on dis- He is absolutely right. A good argu- ator’s time has expired. Mr. BUMPERS. I thank the Chair, eases that strike women and have unknown ment against the space station is like a and I yield the floor. causes or cures.—Dianna L. Dell, M.D., value. It does not lose its power just Mr. BOND. Madam President, I yield American Medical Women’s Association. because time elapses. The same argu- myself 2 minutes. Space laboratories allow scientific experi- ments that I made against the space Madam President, my good friend ments that simply cannot be duplicated on station 6 years ago are just as compel- from Arkansas asked to know who, Earth. The space station offers the potential ling today as they were 6 years ago. with any knowledge of research or in- of long term studies that are especially ex- We talk about the Russians partici- citing to the biomedical researchers seeking terest in scientific exploration, would to understand how cells grow, divide, and pating and how wonderful inter- support this. I ask unanimous consent national cooperation is. You think mutate to cause diseases such as cancer and to include statements from the Plan- immune deficiencies.—William T. Butler, about that. The reason the Russians etary Society, Bristol Myers-Squibb M.D., Baylor College of Medicine. are cooperating is because we are going Pharmaceutical Research Institute, My institute has worked closely with the to give them the money to cooperate. the American Medical Association, Center for Macromolecular Crystallography So much for their cooperation. The Mount Sinai Medical Association, at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Italians and the Canadians are cutting Schering-Plough Research Institute, to perform two space shuttle crystal growth their contributions, and Germany and American Medical Women’s Associa- experiments on the protein recombinant France are discussing reformulating tion, Baylor College of Medicine, human insulin. It is clear that with the addi- their contribution to the space station. Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research tional capabilities that the Space Station Why not? They know the United States Institute, and the Multiple Sclerosis will offer, this type of research will progress at a much more rapid rate. It is also evident will pay the difference. Association of America in the RECORD Madam President, here is a quote to me that the Space Station will offer simi- to answer the concerns of my colleague lar advantages for the many other areas of that says it all. James Van Allen, as- from Arkansas. science that have been proposed for this trophysicist, discoverer of the Van There being no objection, the mate- unique facility.—Herbert A. Hauptman, Allen radiation belt, a premier physi- rial was ordered to be printed in the Ph.D., Nobel Laureate, Pres., Hauptman- cist, said: RECORD, as follows: Woodward Medical Research Institute.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14241 NASA’s ‘‘cool suit’’ literally has changed skewed priorities: that this money is can provide in the field of biomedical the lives of some of those suffering from MS. better spent on housing, law enforce- and life science research. The MSAA is hopeful, as new findings con- ment, and any other number of press- Support for the space station and tinue to emerge from space-based research ing domestic needs. The implication is and the possibilities that the International space-based research continues to grow Space Station holds. This research could be that we are facing a zero-sum game throughout the medical and research essential to MS patients.—John G. Hodson, where the space station is funded at community: the American Medical As- Sr., Multiple Sclerosis Association of Amer- the expense of the poor, of the elderly, sociation, Schering-Plough Research ica. or of the sick. That, too, is untrue. We Institute, the Multiple Sclerosis Asso- Mr. BOND. I also note that our very in Congress are funding billions and ciation of America, the American Med- distinguished physician Member is billions of dollars worth of programs ical Women’s Association, Bristol- present. I yield to the Senator from for the poor, sick, and elderly just this Myers Squibb, and Mount Sinai Med- Tennessee. year—maybe even more than our con- ical Center, to name a few. stituents want us to spend—and we see Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I rise in Space-based research provides unique support of the space station, and I hope only rare successes from these gran- diose social programs. insights to advance our understanding to add to this debate with insights of the heart and lungs, cardio- from what is a unique perspective in I believe that, in fact, funding for the this body, that of physician and re- continuation of the space station is ex- pulmonary research; the growth and searcher. Until I was elected to rep- actly where our priorities should be: maintenance of muscle and bone, resent the State of Tennessee in the trying to achieve a better quality of musclo-skeletal research; the body’s Senate, I spent my adult life dealing life for Americans and, potentially, for ability to sense position and maintain with the daily reality of illness and the all humans. balance, neurovestibular research; and limitations of our ability, as humans, I would also take a moment to ad- the regulation of the metabolism, regu- to diagnose and treat those illnesses dress the question of what has been latory physiology. and to save lives. The limitations I achieved on space platforms so far, and Space-based researchers can conduct faced as a physician and surgeon were what the goal of establishing the space basic and applied research to improve numerous: Limitations on the ability station would be. I am speaking almost the efficiency and reliability of life solely in terms of medical research. of the body to heal itself; limitations support systems, such as artificial The Soviets, and the Russians in turn, on the treatments and medicines to heart valves and pacemakers, or artifi- have taught us quite a bit so far in augment the body’s immune system cial kidneys. terms of achieving the engineering feat and healing process; limitations on the Space-based research can provide the space station will be. They have scope and effectiveness of biomedical knowledge of protein crystal growth also collected massive amounts of in- technology in detecting, diagnosing, physics and kinetics which may lead to formation on the effects on the human and treating an illness; and, finally, improvements in Earth-based crystal body of the effects of extended limitations in funding. It is this final growth technology and more effective weightlessness. Finally, they have limitation which now drives this cur- pharmaceutical development. saved us millions of dollars and years rent debate on the value of the space of research if, in fact, we would want to Another benefit can be realized when station. launch a mission to Mars from a using conventional bioreactors to cul- My colleague from Arkansas has semipermanent platform in space. ture human cells for cancer research claimed many things in his introduc- But what is more important to this and drug testing because cultured cells tion of his amendment, not the least of debate is the fact that the Russians do not grow in ways representative of which is a consensus in the scientific have, admittedly, taught us very little how cells develop in the human body. community that the possible rewards about medical research in space. Why? In the NASA bioreactor, cells taken of space-based research are minuscule Not because they were not seeing the from a cancer tumor grow and resem- and do not justify the costs incurred. results they wanted to from their re- ble the original tumor, making a much The Senator says that, ‘‘every physi- search in space, but because the med- more accurate culture available for re- cist and physician in the country says ical research the Russians were con- searchers. it is nonsense’’ to expect advances in ducting in space lacked the quality and Additionally, techniques developed medicine from space-based or micro- priority our own space-based medical for use aboard the space station could gravity research. I disagree. As one research would enjoy. The Russians advance the state-of-the-art growth of physician who believes we can reap simply do not have the medical infra- tissue samples in the laboratory, thus great rewards from spaced-based re- structure to support the type of re- leading to inestimable benefits for search, I suggest that such a statement search I am talking about, and they medical research. is untrue. As a member of the medical have not made such research a priority Mr. President, this is only an abbre- community, who is familiar with the on the Mir space station. It is no won- viated list of the immediate and near opinions on research within that com- der that some of the most enthusiastic term benefits medicine will experience munity, I can tell you that there are supporters of the cooperative space sta- from space-based research. plenty of researchers and physicians tion program are Russians—not be- Those benefits to medical research who do not believe in the merits of cause they see a cash cow in our ven- about which we can now only speculate microgravity research, and the Senator tures—rather, because they believe are possibly the most exciting and from Arkansas has quoted several of that, finally, the infrastructure and promising of the space station’s con- them. As a member of the medical commitment to conduct medical re- tributions. The benefits of advanced community and of the Senate, I can search in space will finally be avail- crystal growth studies; the ability to tell you that it is, by no means, every able. one. I dare say that for as many rep- Mr. President, the benefits and ad- observe cell mutation and behavior utable scientists in America that do vancements in medical science and over the long term, without the effects not believe in the value of space-based technology we can realize from long- of gravity; and the possibility of ad- medical research, we could easily find term space-based research can be di- vanced artificial human tissue growth two who hold the opposite opinion, and vided into three simple categories: are extraordinary. The implications of many of them have contacted me. First, that which we know is imme- the possibilities are nearly limitless: I stated moments ago that this de- diately or soon achievable; second, anything from cures for cancers and bate is about money. The Senator from those which we can speculate about or other deadly or debilitating disease, to Arkansas says the debate is about pri- make an educated guess as to the new the development of medicines that orities. I believe that on this point, we possibilities of space-based research; have crystallin structures which could are in agreement, and we are both cor- and third, those achievements and ad- not be achieved in gravity, to the rect. However, the conclusions we vancements which we cannot even growth of tissues to replace losses would draw are markedly different. begin to assess. which would normally kill someone. Funding for the space station is has I will first address the immediate and If need be, Mr. President, we can been characterized as being based on near term benefits the space station place an actual rough dollar value on

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 such advancements by simply adding Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I rise at the end of the arm—the fingers. If up the cost to our economy each year today to join my colleague, Senator Canada does not build the fingers, then incurred by illnesses and loss of life. BUMPERS, in support of the amendment NASA will have to find the funds to Personally, I think that is rather we have placed before the Senate and is build this expensive piece of equip- macabre and beside the point. I believe the pending amendment. ment. that the value we can place on the Senator BUMPERS and I have collabo- Mr. President, the price tag today for known benefits of space-based medical rated in the past to eliminate Federal this project is $93.9 billion. I have no research clearly outweigh the costs we projects that the Federal taxpayers doubt that this figure will be increas- now will assume to make the space sta- simply cannot afford in these tight ing dramatically once more hardware tion a reality. If you were to apply a budgetary constraints. We were suc- is built, space shuttle launches are de- cost-benefit analysis to the space sta- cessful in halting Federal funding for layed, spacewalks are increased, and tion—as we have rightly applied to the super collider, a project whose as- the Russians and Canadians fail to live many federally-funded programs—I be- tronomical expense made it a simply up to their commitments. lieve it would yield a cost to benefit unfeasible program in this era of tight Total spending on the space station ratio which could end this debate for budgets. from 1985 to 1993 added up to about good. Mr. President, at a time when Con- $11.2 billion, and all we have to show Finally, Mr. President, there are ad- gress is struggling to balance the Fed- for this are diagrams and designs. vancements in space-based medical re- eral budget, we think it is irresponsible Mr. President, it is time for Congress search which defy both quantification to exempt from any cuts NASA’s $90 to cancel funding of the space station. and even qualification in this debate. billion-plus program to complete the Let us not embark on an elaborate and These are the advancements in medical building of a space station. expensive journey into space until we science which we cannot even foresee— There are genuine questions about meet the challenges confronting Amer- those which will become hints or re- whether this space station can be built ican taxpayers on Earth. Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I rise in ality only when we are allowed to ex- on the schedule and for the cost that opposition to the Bumpers amendment plore them fully. NASA currently claims. Schedule and to terminate funding for the space sta- Some will say these yet-to-be-seen costs are inextricably connected. If the tion. It seems to me that we have an- advancements are nothing more than schedule is not met, then the costs will swered the question of whether or not fairy tales, or promises wildly beyond increase. to proceed with this historic endeavor. what we can possibly deliver, or even There is a major and fundamental Year after year the Congress has en- myths produced in an attempt to jus- question here. Can the timetable to dorsed the outreach to space. And we tify costs which those of us who back build the station, with all of the have done so for the right reasons—the the space station cannot currently jus- spacewalks that will be needed to as- space station represents the next log- tify. semble the structure, be achieved on ical step of man’s exploration of the However, I will remind my colleagues schedule? universe and it represents the next log- that throughout history it has been the Mr. President, NASA is expecting 73 ical step for understanding our own unforeseen, unplanned benefits of tech- launches to take place on time and in world. nological advancement that have most sequence over 55 months. Flexibility I will not try and reiterate the many often proven to be our greatest re- will not be possible because each flight sound reasons for continuing this im- wards. I believe that even the possibili- will bring a specific piece of hardware portant program. They have been pre- ties of such watersheds in advancement that must be attached in a specific sented in great and compelling detail. of medical science and unforeseen ben- order. The assembly sequence cannot But I would offer another reason which efits are compelling enough to pursue endure manufacturing delays, launch was recently brought to my attention the program further. Just as the me- delays or launch failures. by Ambassador Pickering, our envoy to dieval scholars could not speculate on I remind my colleagues, that delays Russia. Clearly the Russians are in dire the profound changes and advance- mean more costs. need of hard currency. Should the ments of the upcoming Renaissance, we Mr. President, the number of United States default on our commit- cannot even guess what we might soon spacewalks needed to assemble the ment of cooperation with Russia on discover. space station has risen significantly in this project, Russia will necessarily Mr. President, I believe we truly are the past year. Reliance on these walks look elsewhere—to Iran or Iraq—na- approaching a renaissance in medicine increases the risk that the timetable to tions who have demonstrated a clear and technology with the advent of build the structure will not be desire to possess and proliferate tech- space-based research, and it is exciting achieved. Thus, building the space sta- nology and weapons of mass destruc- as a physician, as well as simply on a tion will be a very risky endeavor tion. Cooperation with the United human level, to know that much of given the demanding schedule to com- States on space station is vital to Rus- these advancements could come within plete the station and have it perma- sian needs for hard currency. And the my lifetime or those of my children. nently occupied by 1998. United States will get fare more in ex- The bottom line, Mr. President, is Mr. President, Russia and Canada are change—both in technology and in sta- that not only can we make a direct to have major roles in the timely de- bility. link between space-based research and velopment of the space station. Yet, Again, I urge my colleagues to reject improvements in the human condition the involvement of these two nations the Bumpers amendment, preserve our and quality of life, but also, I feel, we adds critical elements of risk. outreach to the stars, and keep a mind- can be confident that some of the NASA assumes that, with one excep- ful eye on commitments made for the greatest benefits and advancements tion Russia will provide its hardware purpose of keeping peace and stability have yet to be seen. and services as a partner, on a no-ex- in these difficult times. I believe that advancing the space change-of-funds basis. At this time, it Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, I rise to station program is not pie in the sky, may be premature to assume that Rus- oppose the amendment offered by the so to speak, but money very well spent. sia will not charge for anything given senior Senator from Arkansas. It represents the opportunity for great the economic problems confronting the Mr. President, once again we find advancements in our quality of life and country. ourselves debating the merits of the an unparalleled opportunity for inter- Canada has cut back its contribution space station. The distinguished Sen- national cooperation. I believe that we to the space station program and will ator from Arkansas again tells us that have made many difficult but correct not decide until 1997 whether to build America should abandon its commit- decisions concerning the funding of the the final portion of the robotic serv- ment as the leader of this historic en- space program and space-based re- icing system that will be used in as- deavor. search specifically, and I urge my col- sembling and maintaining the station. Supporters of this amendment say we leagues to continue that series of good Canada is building the arm, but has not simply cannot afford to continue fund- decisions by defeating the Bumpers decided on whether to build the special ing the space station. Mr. President, I amendment. purpose dextrous manipulator that fits ask you, Can we afford not to?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14243 History tells us that mankind is des- tion’s commitment to investing in the studies to gain knowledge of normal tined to explore beyond the bounds of future. and cancerous tissue development and this tiny planet. The question is not More than a quarter of a century ago, to discover treatments and cures to whether we should take the next log- the most awe-inspiring words were ut- diseases. They will also study protein ical step. The question is: ‘‘Will we lead tered by Neil Armstrong, ‘‘That’s one crystal growth to design pharma- or will we follow?’’ I believe the United small step for man, one giant leap for ceuticals which block proteins which States is destined to lead. mankind.’’ Those words, delivered from could lead to the development of an Leadership, Mr. President, requires the Moon’s surface when the Apollo 11 AIDS vaccine or cure. Additionally, re- commitment. America’s relatively lunar module landed in 1969, resounded search on droplet/pool burning will small investment in the space station around the globe. Each and every help improve understanding of fire demonstrates our commitment to the American whose ears were graced with propagation for improved fire safety. future of technology in space. It also that message, was filled with pride and The field of fluid physics will also demonstrates our commitment to our honor. benefit. Scientists will conduct re- international partners who have joined That day in our past served as an in- search on interface dynamics to im- with us to make this dream a reality. spiration. It showcased the techno- prove industrial films and coatings, oil Abandoning the space station at this logical leadership of the United States, spill recovery techniques, tracking of late date not only squanders our initial the great will of the American people, ground water contaminants, and proc- investment, but it tells our partners and the courage of our space pioneers essing of semiconductor crystals. At that they can no longer depend on us to which combined to produce a defining the same time, their research will meet our commitment to international moment in history. That mission set cover cloud formation microphysics, space exploration. Our credibility the stage for several other Apollo mis- which is useful to meteorologists for among the space faring nations de- sions which sent astronauts to the improved weather predictions. pends on our actions today. Moon. It served as a precursor to Scientists will study electronic ma- Mr. President, a leader must also Skylab, the first U.S. space station, terials to investigate the vapor phase have vision and vision is meaningless launched in the early 1970’s. And, it led of crystal growth. This will help without the courage to fulfill its prom- the way for the space shuttle program. produce much higher efficiency and ise. When we began funding this With each mission, we learn more density optoelectronics for the commu- project, we set out on a journey that and more about life sciences, materials nications industry. Also, epitaxy liquid held out great promise and it continues sciences, Earth sciences, engineering phase molecular and beam vapor phase to do so. Again, we hear from those research and technology, and commer- will be studied to evaluate high speed who do not share our vision and are cial development. Also with each new switching devices and high density content to quit. mission we explore the unknown and memory. This will help to produce Opponents suggest that the space make discoveries that ultimately help smaller, more affordable super com- station costs more than it is worth and improve life here on Earth. puters. that we should therefore stop funding The international space station will Scientists will also study environ- it now and redistribute that money to have a laboratory to conduct experi- mental health to develop improved air more pressing social programs. Not ments and do research on a wide vari- and water quality sensors, analyzers, only do they fail to recognize the enor- ety of subjects. Astronauts will be able and filtering devices. In addition, they mous potential of space research and to conduct long-duration microgravity will examine automated microbiology exploration, but they are content to investigations, which will allow sci- systems which enhance identification sacrifice the promise of a better tomor- entists to look deeper into the mechan- of bacteria population. They will con- row for the failed programs of today. ics of cell functions, combustion, liquid duct engineering research and tech- Mr. President, one of the most impor- behavior, crystallization, and electro- nology development to support en- tant Federal priorities of any govern- magnetics. In addition, research that hanced designs for firefighting suits, ment is to create opportunities for a would take place on the space station toxic waste cleanup suits, and deep sea better life in the future. We can not ef- could lead to cures for life-threatening divers equipment. fectively do that anymore by just diseases, lower pharmaceutical costs, It is clear that scientific research pumping money into life on Earth and better prepare astronauts for the and experiments like those listed above today. We must look ahead. We must rigors of space travel. have real life applications here on search for ways to sustain our society, Opponents of the space station argue Earth. At the same time, investments our culture, our life into tomorrow. that these justifications for the space in space create valuable economic re- The space station holds that promise. station cannot hold up to scrutiny. turns as well. Each dollar invested in Mr. President, the space station has They suggest that economic and sci- space programs yields up to $9 in new a legitimate mission, an impressive de- entific spinoffs are not applicable for products, technologies, and processes sign and a plan to achieve its goals. life here on Earth. In fact, the opposite here at home. Granted, it has had its difficulties, but is true. Scientific research and experi- The international space station pro- all great endeavors will meet with ob- ments conducted on the international gram also generates more than 14,000 stacles. Although the space station space station do have real life applica- direct jobs—5,400 of them in my home faces more challenges, NASA is pre- tions here on Earth. Space-based re- State of California. Indirectly, 40,000 pared now, more than ever, to meet search has led to a variety of innova- jobs nationwide have been created be- those challenges. This unprecedented tions and technological advances that cause of space station-related activi- example of international cooperation is have, and continue to benefit people ties. At a time when the country—and now on schedule, on budget and is wor- every day. Included among them are: California in particular—has been im- thy of our support. Long-distance telephone networks; pacted by defense downsizing and base So, I ask my colleagues that share international TV broadcasts; car chas- closures, the space station is an impor- the vision of space exploration to join sis and brake designs; heart monitors tant source of economic activity. It is me in reaffirming our country’s com- for ambulances; structural designs for defense conversion at its best and cre- mitment to our future by opposing this bridges; laser surgery in hospitals; pro- ates new jobs for former defense and shortsighted attempt to strip funding grammable pacemakers; navigational aerospace workers. from the space station. systems for airplanes; and long-range Aside from the enormous benefits to Mr. President, I yield the floor. weather forecasting—just to name a science, medical research, and tech- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I few. nology, the space station helps to rise today in support of the inter- Research conducted on the space sta- maintain U.S. leadership in space and national space station and in opposi- tion will have other important applica- enhances global competitiveness. It tion to the amendment offered by my tions in the lives of average Americans. also serves as a source of inspiration colleague, Senator BUMPERS. The space In the biotechnology field, scientists and encouragement for our children, station is not only a valuable scientific on the international space station will fostering the next generation of sci- program, but it is a symbol of our Na- conduct research on tissue culture entists, engineers, and entrepreneurs.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14244 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 As a powerful symbol of U.S. leader- Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, the entific operations may, in fact, help us ship in a changing world, the space sta- space program is an investment in our do just that. Take, for example, re- tion represents an international com- Nation’s future. A commitment to con- search in cardiovascular disease. As my mitment. Our original international tinued space exploration means a com- colleagues know, heart disease is the partners—Japan, Canada, and Europe— mitment to providing for the pros- leading cause of death in both men and have already committed $9 billion to perity and wealth of future genera- women in the United States. One in the space station program, and are tions. No one can predict the exact out- four Americans suffer from cardio- counting on America’s continued lead- come of our investment in the inter- vascular disease, costing this country ership in space. national space station, but I believe an estimated $138 billion in medical ex- Moreover, with the Russians added to that the continued exploration of space penses and lost productivity annually; the international partnership, the will present many positive opportuni- $138 billion annually is not a small fig- space station has proven to be a test ties. ure—it is, in fact, devastating. The bed for scientific research and techno- First, the space program will provide conditions provided in space, and on logical development, while uniting significant contributions to the well- space station in particular, will allow former adversaries in peaceful coopera- being of mankind, both in America and our doctors and scientists to see a tion. Just 6 years ago, this would have around the world. We have already seen heart functioning in microgravity. con- been unthinkable. the results of space-related research in ditions for an extended duration, some- By asking Russia to join the inter- life sciences, and the potential for ex- thing not replicable on Earth or the national space station, the United pansion and further development is vir- space shuttle. NASA’s work on how States can channel the Russian aero- tually limitless. space flight affects blood pressure is space industry into nonmilitary pur- Second, we must consider our Na- aiding scientists to understand the suits. This gives us more leverage to tion’s leadership role in high-tech- complex and sophisticated operations reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation nology activities and international of the heart and circulatory system. As and enhances the United States goals competitiveness. The areospace indus- gravity lessens, the body’s blood pres- of private sector development and de- try is a significant area of inter- sure controls are altered and change. militarization in Russia. In addition, national competitiveness, and we High blood pressure is a major problem an international space station will use should support our space program if we for the general population of the existing Russian space technology, ca- desire to maintain and enhance our po- United States. The opportunities for pability, expertise, and hardware to sition as a world leader in space long duration space flight on the space build a better space station for less science and exploration. station will provide a laboratory for money. Third, the case today for such activi- extensive and complex research on In closing, I would like for you to ties is even more compelling as we blood pressure control and how it is af- imagine, if you would, had the early work on space projects in a collabo- fected by the presence or absence of pioneers not forged west to explore the rative and multinational manner, espe- gravity. frontier. If, for instance, in 1803 the cially with the Europeans, Japanese, What does this all mean? If 1 percent Louisiana Purchase had not been com- and Russians. International participa- of that $138 billion can be reduced, or pleted for $15 million—which at that tion in the program contributes to in- even one-tenth of 1 percent, we will time was a large sum of money. The creased cooperation and stability with have significantly reduced some of the frontier purchased in that deal now in- participating partners, and the space massive costs incurred in our battle cludes 15 States and generates $200 bil- station can be a constructive and tan- against this terrible, and prevalent, lion in Federal taxes annually. The re- gible example of international coopera- disease. turns on that investment have more tion at a new and more exciting level. By January 1995, 25,000 pounds worth than paid for the original purchase. We have the opportunity to accelerate of space station was built. By the end of this year, that poundage strides to Let us, for a moment, consider Alas- the pace of our technological and space 100,000. Upon completion, the space sta- ka, which, in 1867, was purchased for exploration as well as the strength of tion will stretch 361 across and 290 feet $7.2 million. At the time it was pur- our good relations with our friendly long, with a total weight of 925,000 chased, Secretary of State Seward was competitors. pounds. Orbiting 230 nautical miles derided and mocked for negotiating the Mr. President, I believe that these above the Earth, it will be accessible to terms with Russia. Now, we know that are compelling reasons for the contin- the launch vehicles of all its inter- Alaska’s oil reserves exceed $125 bil- ued support of space exploration. The national partners. And with Boeing as lion, and no one has stepped forward to international space station is an inte- the new prime contractor, space sta- suggest we reverse that transaction. gral part of our space program. We tion is on schedule, and meeting all of The United States must continue its must invest in our future, and we must its critical milestones. Perhaps more exploration in space with the next log- invest in ourselves. importantly, its annual cost has been ical step—a permanently staffed space Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, today, I fixed at $2.1 billion—according to station. The international space sta- lend my voice to the advocates of NASA that represents less than 15 per- tion will lead the world toward great project space station. In order to frame cent of the organization’s total budget. advances in space exploration. At this debate for my colleagues, I want That being said, $2.1 billion is still a present, all of the returns on our in- to pose a few rhetorical questions. significant amount of money to be vestment in space have yet to reach What are the critical issues sur- spent, particularly with the Republican fruition. We have yet to realize all the rounding space station on the Senate goal of bringing the country out of its treasures that are held within the vast floor? Is it scientific worth? Is it an current fiscal mess. Yet I fully support resources of space. We have learned, issue of foreign policy, or national pri- space station, and its mission, because however, of its benefits to science and ority? The answer to each is yes. But I believe the benefits associated with medical research. We know that it bol- the underlying discontent that many of this program will be important, numer- sters global competitiveness and U.S. my colleagues harbor is not the scope ous and hopefully more rewarding than leadership in space. We are also aware or importance of space station—rather, we can predict. From crystalline pro- of its economic spinoffs, job creating it is the cost. teins to the research in osteoporosis, capacity and source of inspiration to As a member of the Budget Com- space station has the potential, and I future generations. I am confident that mittee, I fully and unequivocally sup- believe certainty, to deliver important this research will continue to exceed port balancing the Federal budget by scientific discoveries impossible to rep- our imaginative grasp and reap real 2002. That task is not only a fiscal im- licate or produce here on Earth. Does benefits that are applicable here on perative, it is a moral one on which the that justify the cost? Absolutely. If the Earth. future of this country depends. Iron- cure for one disease—just one disease— For these reasons, I strongly support ically, that is where space station fits is found, and that if may not be as big the international space station and squarely in this debate. Balancing the as some of my colleagues assert, we urge my colleagues to oppose the budget is an imperative. Beginning the will have paid for space station and all Bumpers smendment. groundwork for America’s future sci- its associated costs, fully.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14245 Mr. BOND. I conclude my remarks by RECORD a few moments ago a partial I thank him for his support of the just saying that this country must in- list of those who are for it—the Amer- space program and also for research in vest in its future. A research labora- ican Medical Association, the National the American life science community, tory in space can provide unimaginable Academy of Sciences, the National Re- but I want to make three points. benefits to the American people. The search Council, and so on. The Senator says this is a condo in space station is the only facility where This is one country that should have the sky for going to Mars. We abso- research can be conducted for long du- learned throughout its whole history lutely reject that. We go to Mars, and rations in microgravity. The unique that money spent on space research we are going by robots; we are not environment has only begun to be ex- usually has a way of paying off in ad- going by astronauts. This is to be a plored scientifically. American tax- vance—more than anything we ever see science lab, not a condo. payers are certain to benefit just as at the outset. And with this being the Second, the space station at one time they have from other basic research, first time we have ever had the ability was overweight and underpowered, not probably in ways we can never expect. to do microgravity research, it has the unlike the Federal bureaucracy. We With that, Madam President, I yield greatest potential payoff also. streamlined the space station design to the remaining time to our very distin- Madam President, how much time do make sure that weight, power, and mis- guished colleague from Ohio, the I have remaining? sion match. former astronaut. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- And last, but not at all least, there Mr. GLENN. I thank the Senator. ator from Ohio has 10 seconds. was a question whether we could really The Senator from Arkansas is as ac- Mr. GLENN. I have 10 seconds re- assemble the space station in space. complished an orator as we have I maining. I yield back the remainder of When we gave the Hubble space tele- think in the whole Congress. He would my time. I thank the Chair. scope a new contact lens and our astro- come closer to equaling Daniel Web- The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time nauts showed the deftness with which ster, I think, than anyone around here has expired. they could do mechanical assembly in in his ability to give an oration. space, they showed that we could do it. f Back in 1852, when we were thinking So we now have designs to the mission. of buying some territory out West from RECESS UNTIL 2:15 P.M. We can put it together in space. And it Mexico, Daniel Webster rose in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under is a science lab, not a condo for astro- Senate—he was opposed to that—and the previous order, the Senate will now nauts. said as follows: stand in recess until the hour of 2.15 I yield the floor. What do we want with this vast worthless p.m. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- area, this region of savages and wild beasts, Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:46 p.m., ator from Arkansas has 1 minute 30 of deserts of shifting sands and whirlwinds of recessed until 2:15 p.m.; whereupon, the seconds remaining. dust and cactus and prairie dogs? To what Mr. BUMPERS. Let me just reit- use could we ever hope to put these great Senate reassembled when called to order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. erate, No. 1, much has been made of the deserts or the mountains that are covered to fact that the American Medical Asso- their very base with eternal snow? What can COATS). ciation favors the space station. Let we ever hope to do with the western coast, a f coast of 3,000 miles rock-bound, cheerless, me point out that the American Phys- uninviting, and not a harbor on it? What use DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AF- ical Society—40,000 physicists in Amer- have we for this country? Mr. President, I FAIRS AND HOUSING AND URBAN ica—are adamantly opposed to the will never vote one cent from the Public DEVELOPMENT, AND INDE- space station. Why? Because they say Treasury to place the Pacific coast one inch PENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIA- the benefits are going to be negligible. nearer to Boston than it is now. TIONS ACT, 1996 You cannot do anything in space with Madam President, I think probably microgravity. Dr. Bloembergen at Har- the view that Daniel Webster took of The Senate continued with the con- vard says, when you put men on the that acquisition of territory west of sideration of the bill. space station to do microgravity re- the Mississippi is a little bit like the AMENDMENT NO. 2776 search, you just mess it up. The steps, Senator from Arkansas proposes now The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under a bump, destroys microgravity re- with regard to the station. the previous order, the hour of 2:15 p.m. search. I wish to see something come out of having arrived, there will now be 4 And what is there about a lack of the station. We already have things minutes of debate equally divided in gravity that is going to cure cancer coming out of the preparation to even the usual form to be followed by a vote and AIDS and all the rest of it? The an- have a station. As the floor manager or in relation to the Bumpers amend- swer is nothing. Here are people who mentioned just a moment ago, we do ment No. 2776. really are concerned about the deficit: not even have the station up yet. So to Who yields time? The Cato Institute, the Concord Coali- say that that is not producing is ex- Mr. BOND addressed the Chair. tion, Council for Citizens Against Gov- actly right. It is true. It is in the proc- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ernment Waste, the National Tax- ess of being put up. Over one-fourth of ator from Missouri. payers Union, Progress in Freedom it has already been built, 50,000 pounds Mr. BOND. Mr. President, not seeing Foundation, Progressive Policy Insti- by our country, 60,000 pounds by other the proponent of the amendment on tute. Not only do the American physi- people. Less than seven-tenths of 1 per- the floor, I suggest that the time be cists oppose it, every one of those orga- cent of our budget is the total cost of equally divided, and I suggest the ab- nizations strongly oppose it. the space station project right now. sence of a quorum. This bill, just this bill alone, ravages From what we can see from the space The PRESIDING OFFICER. The housing for the elderly, ravages sewer shuttle with the cultures of crystals clerk will call the roll. projects, and torpedoes the AmeriCorps and of the experiments that have al- The legislative clerk proceeded to Program to make room for this thing. ready been done on growing culture, call the roll. We are going to cut $40 billion out of culturing colon cancer cells, breast Ms. MIKULSKI. I ask unanimous education in the next 7 years to pay for cancer cells, ovarian cells, what can be consent that the call of the quorum be this? done with regard to AIDS, the experi- dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time ments with regard to osteoporosis, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the Senator from Arkansas has ex- right now a solution to any one of objection, it is so ordered. pired. those would be more than worth all of Ms. MIKULSKI. I ask for 1 minute on The Senator from Missouri has 25 the money that we are putting into behalf of the opponents. seconds. this. This is an investment for the fu- Mr. BOND. I yield 1 minute to the Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I think the ture. distinguished ranking member. argument made very compellingly by To say that every scientist and phys- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ab- our good friend from Arkansas just icist is against it is just not true. My solutely oppose the amendment being shows that physicists do not know any- distinguished colleague read into the offered by the Senator from Arkansas. thing more about biomedical research

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 in space than we do. I will take the I ask unanimous consent that Sen- preclude assistance from the Environmental word of the people who are at NIH and ator STEVENS, followed by Senator Protection Agency to the State of Alaska to who are involved in biomedical re- CHAFEE, be recognized for up to 10 min- make progress toward meeting the carbon search to say that it is important. utes to present an amendment which I monoxide standard in such areas and to re- solve remaining issues regarding the use of This country has an opportunity to believe is acceptable on both sides. oxygenated fuels in such areas. invest in the future. A research labora- After action on that amendment is Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, this tory in space can provide the benefits completed, we ask that Senator MIKUL- amendment that Senator MURKOWSKI we need. I urge my colleagues to defeat SKI and Senator KENNEDY be recognized and I have discussed with the managers this amendment. to present an amendment on national of their staff and the chairman of the I ask for the yeas and nays. service with a 2-hour time limit, with a authorizing committee, I understand The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a vote on or in relation to that amend- will be accepted. sufficient second? ment to occur at that time; following There is a sufficient second. It provides for a 1-year exemption disposition of that amendment, that from the oxygenated fuel requirements The yeas and nays were ordered. Senator SARBANES be recognized to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of the Clean Air Act for Fairbanks, AK. present an amendment on the home- There are unique circumstances in question now is on agreeing to the less, that there be 1 hour divided in the amendment offered by the Senator Fairbanks that justify this limited ex- usual form which would apply to both emption. I do thank the other Senators from Arkansas, No. 2776. The yeas and of those amendments; and upon the ex- nays have been ordered. The clerk will who have worked with us on this piration or yielding back of the time, amendment. call the roll. that a vote on or in relation to the Sar- The legislative clerk called the roll. Alaska exceeds the carbon monoxide banes amendment occur. requirements on the Clean Air Act only Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I have RAMM] is nec- on days when there are temperature in- ator from Texas [Mr. G an amendment which is acceptable by essarily absent. versions caused by extreme cold, which both sides dealing with arsenic in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there really means when it is below 50 below safe drinking water. We have discussed any other Senators in the Chamber de- zero. this with the staffs. siring to vote? When the oxygenated fuels require- The result was announced—yeas 35, What I want to do is present that ment of the Clean Air Act was applied nays 64, as follows: right after the Stevens amendment, to Fairbanks to correct the carbon and if it is acceptable, if I had 4 min- [Rollcall Vote No. 463 Leg.] monoxide levels, serious health prob- utes equally divided—— YEAS—35 lems were reported. The MTBE addi- Ms. MIKULSKI. Reserving the right tives developed for the area were sim- Abraham Exon Levin to object, on the arsenic, would the Ashcroft Faircloth Lugar ply never tested for use in the extreme Baucus Feingold Moynihan Senator go ahead with this? I need to cold of the Fairbanks area. Bradley Harkin Nunn be sure that the authorizer on our side, In addition to waiving the require- Brown Hollings Pryor and Senator LAUTENBERG—not only do ments to use the oxygenated fuels, this Bryan Jeffords Simon Bumpers Kennedy I wish to cooperate with the Senator amendment would also prevent Fair- Snowe from Rhode Island, but these got fairly Byrd Kerrey Specter banks from unfairly being added to the Chafee Kerry Thomas prickly as we were moving into the full list of cities with serious nonattain- Cohen Kohl Warner committee, so I just want to make sure Conrad Lautenberg ment problems. Wellstone Dorgan Leahy we have one good thing done, and Given the transitory nature of the check in the meantime about the ar- oxygenated fuel requirements by Fair- NAYS—64 senic. banks with respect to carbon mon- Akaka Glenn Mikulski Mr. CHAFEE. Fine. Bennett Gorton Moseley-Braun oxide, other Senators have agreed addi- Biden Graham Murkowski The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there tional measures coming from the de- Bingaman Grams Murray objection to the request of the Senator classification should not be required Bond Grassley Nickles from Missouri? for Fairbanks. Boxer Gregg Packwood Breaux Hatch Without objection, it is so ordered. Through negotiations with our staff Pell The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Burns Hatfield Pressler and the staffs of the authorizing com- Campbell Heflin Reid the previous order, the Senator from mittee and this committee, Senator Coats Helms Robb Alaska is recognized to offer an amend- MURKOWSKI and I have agreed this is Cochran Hutchison Rockefeller Coverdell Inhofe ment. the last time we will seek a waiver of Roth Craig Inouye AMENDMENT NO. 2779 the oxygenated fuel requirement for Santorum D’Amato Johnston Fairbanks using the appropriations Daschle Kassebaum Sarbanes Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I have DeWine Kempthorne Shelby an amendment at the desk, and I ask process. Dodd Kyl Simpson the pending amendment be set aside. However, we do hope that the Senate Dole Lieberman Smith The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without will agree with us to fix the problem Domenici Lott Stevens legislatively through an amendment to Feinstein Mack Thompson objection the pending committee Ford McCain Thurmond amendment is set aside. the Clean Air Act. Frist McConnell The clerk will report. Again, I do thank my colleagues for NOT VOTING—1 The legislative clerk read as follows: their help in this matter. Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, al- Gramm The Senator from Alaska [Mr. STEVENS] though I generally oppose legislative So the amendment (No. 2776) was re- for himself and Mr. MURKOWSKI, proposes an amendment numbered 2779. riders on appropriations bills, I want to jected. say that I support this amendment by Mr. GLENN. Mr. President, I move to Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I ask my colleagues from Alaska. reconsider the vote. unanimous consent that reading of the The city of Fairbanks has made ex- Mr. BOND. I move to lay that motion amendment be dispensed with. traordinary progress against the car- on the table. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without bon monoxide nonattainment situa- The motion to lay on the table was objection, it is so ordered. tion. agreed to. The amendment is as follows: In 1977, Fairbanks experienced nearly UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT SEC. 308. None of the funds appropriated 100 days—100 days—in 1 year when car- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, in discus- under this Act may be used to implement the bon monoxide levels exceeded the sions with the distinguished ranking requirements of section 186(b)(2), section health standard. Last year, the city of member, I think we have an order for 187(b) or section 211(m) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7512(b)(2), 7512a(b), or 7545(m)) with Fairbanks only had 5 days when those the amendments that are coming up. I respect to any moderate nonattainment area standards were exceeded. want to thank our colleagues for get- in which the average daily winter tempera- There is no question but what the ting the amendments in order and get- ture is below 0 degrees Fahrenheit. The pre- city of Fairbanks has done an extraor- ting time agreements. ceding sentence shall not be interpreted to dinarily good job. It is a tribute to the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14247 city and I might say it is also at- law, using MTBE as the oxygenate ad- the control measures we are responsible for tribute, Mr. President, to the efficacy ditive. Fairbanks’ and Anchorage resi- (e.g., the current I/M program) are effec- of the Clean Air Act. The Clean Air Act dents began to experience unusual tively implemented. We need your help in health problems—nausea, vomiting, eliminating federal mandates that will not is working. help our community attain the goals of the Fairbanks is currently classified as a dizziness, disorientation, headaches, Act. We would also like some recognition in moderate nonattainment area. If it and other symptoms. the Act that we shouldn’t be penalized for does not fully meet the standard by the Our Governor canceled the program Alaska’s unique weather characteristics. end of this year, Fairbanks will be re- in Fairbanks on December 11, 1992, due We will be providing your staff with sev- classified as a serious nonattainment to these health problems. The EPA had eral options that could possibly be pursued area. Reclassification would trigger a not done any studies on MTBE in the to provide Fairbanks with relief from the Arctic conditions that exist in Alaska. above Clean Air Act provisions. Thanks series of additional requirements under again for taking the time to talk with me on the Clean Air Act—including transpor- So, many Alaskans justifiably fear the this subject. We truly appreciate the efforts tation control measures—that may not use of oxygenated fuels in their gaso- you’ve made on behalf of Interior Alaska in be necessary to reach this standard. line. the past regarding this issue, as well as any Fairbanks believes that it can meet Let me also note that Alaska does additional actions that you can take to as- the standard without the imposition of not have a serious non-attainment sist us further in the future. these expensive additional measures. problem. I ask unanimous consent to Sincerely, Because of the dramatic progress that have printed in the RECORD a letter JIM SAMPSON, Borough Mayor. has already been made, I think it is from the city of Fairbanks. reasonable to extend the deadline in There being no objection, the mate- Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, we this case. The Senators from Alaska rial was ordered to be printed in the have some of the cleanest air in the have stated that they will not seek an- RECORD, as follows: country. Fairbanks has made signifi- cant, dramatic reductions in CO viola- other extension on an appropriation FAIRBANKS NORTH STAR BOROUGH, bill in the future. Fairbanks, AK, February 22, 1995. tions. You will notice that most of As to oxygenated fuels, some States Hon. FRANK MURKOWSKI, these reductions occurred before the have experienced complaints in cities U.S. Senate, Hart Building, Washington, DC. 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments; so, DEAR SENATOR MURKOWSKI: Thank you for the Clean Air Act was effective in Fair- where MTBE has been used as an addi- taking the time to meet with me while I was tive. But MTBE is not the only addi- banks without the oxygenated fuels re- recently in Washington, DC. I appreciate the quirement. These reductions are clear- tive available. Ethanol, grain alcohol, time you took to talk with me about Fair- ly attributable to Fairbanks’ inspec- can also be used as an oxygenate. Ev- banks’ concerns regarding federal Clean Air erything we know about air pollution Act requirements. We continue to have prob- tion and maintenance program. Fair- tells us that burning alcohol presents lems with certain requirements of the Act, banks has reduced their violations 43 percent—from 37 in 1985 to only 2 in less pollution concern than burning due to a combination of extremely severe temperature inversions and high cold-start 1992, and most recently we seem to be gasoline, the fuel the alcohol replaces. emissions caused by our cold temperatures. So, there are alternatives for Fair- down to 5 or fewer violations a year. According to National Weather Service staff, Those exceedances that do occur are banks if it cannot reach attainment Fairbanks has the strongest temperature in- during thermal inversions. Typical using existing measures. In fact, An- versions in North America. automobile fleet turnover and the U.S. chorage, AK, used ethanol as a fuel ad- As you can see from the enclosed chart, car fleet operating more efficiently at ditive last year and recorded its first the number of days each year that Fairbanks exceeds the ambient carbon monoxide stand- cold temperatures could also bring year ever with no exceedances of the Fairbanks into compliance eventually. carbon monoxide standard. This experi- ard has dropped dramatically from previous levels to fewer than five per year. The de- I want to thank Senator CHAFEE and ence has been repeated all across the crease is largely a result of federal emissions Senator BOND for accepting our amend- country. When we passed the 1990 Clean controls on new cars, with some additional ment. Fairbanks air quality has im- Air Act Amendments more than 40 cit- benefits due to the basic emissions inspec- proved significantly over the years. We ies were in nonattainment for carbon tion and maintenance (I/M) program the Bor- want to continue to work with the EPA monoxide. Today that number is less ough implemented in 1985. Although substan- to improve our air quality by means than 10 and much of the credit goes to tial progress has been made in reducing that make sense in our Arctic climate the oxygenated fuels program in the emissions, several exceedances occurred re- cently during an extended period of extreme and not be subject to a one-size-fits-all Clean Air Act. mandate that does not make sense in Mr. President, we all look forward to temperature inversions and calm winds. These conditions resulted in extremely stag- Alaska. We welcome the current polit- the day when every American city can nant air dispersion for several days. ical climate that recognizes the need boast of healthy air. Fairbanks has As you know, our residents remain ada- for flexibility and common sense in our made great strides already and will mantly opposed to the use of oxygenated fuel environmental regulatory policy. reach that goal soon. In light of its ac- in our community. Unfortunately, this pro- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I just complishments, I think we can provide gram is mandated directly by the Clean Air ask the Senate to remember the ex- the city with some flexibility. Act, and not even EPA has the legal author- treme temperature conditions that ity to exempt Fairbanks from this require- Mr. President, I have the assurance exist in Fairbanks. I started my life in of the two Senators from Alaska that ment. As a result of the nonattainment sta- tus, the Fairbanks North Star Borough may Alaska, in Fairbanks, and I can attest this is the last time they will be in for soon be subject to additional Clean Air Act to temperatures below 65 degrees below this exception. I am supportive of it mandates which would require the imple- zero myself. and commend them and commend the mentation of local transportation controls. These temperature inversions are the city of Fairbanks. None of these programs appear feasible or ac- problem. They are not the normal Mr. MURKOWSKI. The Stevens-Mur- ceptable to our community, yet could be im- problem that causes carbon monoxide kowski amendment relieves Fairbanks posed upon us by a federal law that doesn’t limitations to be exceeded. The of oxygenated fuels requirement and recognize the uniqueness of the Fairbanks oxygenated fuels I think would have a North Star Borough. transportation control measures under When we spoke in Washington, you talked minimal impact on that problem any- the Clean Air Act for upcoming winter about current efforts in the Senate to ad- way because we are not certain they because Fairbanks’ carbon monoxide dress the costs versus benefits of federal will even solve the problem when we [CO] exceedances are a result of tem- mandates. The above Clean Air Act provi- are down below 60 below zero. perature inversions—not simply CO sions are a good example of this issue. It So I thank the Senate. I thank Sen- emissions, and Fairbanks’ residents ex- makes no sense to impose federally man- ator CHAFEE for being willing to deal perienced negative health effects when dated control strategies which may not pro- with this. Again, our commitment is, they initially tried methyl tertiary vide significant benefits on a community we will not raise this as an exception where those strategies would cost millions of through the appropriations process. We butyl ether [MTBE] as an oxygenated dollars, particularly when they aren’t likely fuel. to eliminate a problem that is largely caused are going to pursue the authorizing The oxygenated fuels program was by Mother Nature. We are not asking to be committee for a permanent solution to instituted in Anchorage and Fairbanks completely exempted from Clean Air Act re- this problem as we deal with the Clean on November 1, 1992, according to the quirements. We’ll do our part to ensure that Air Act.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 I thank the Senator from Missouri. AMENDMENT NO. 2780 TO THE COMMITTEE senic standard to be rewritten and to Am I correct that this amendment AMENDMENT BEGINNING ON PAGE 143, LINE 17 address the cancer risk. EPA was di- will be accepted? THROUGH PAGE 151, LINE 10 rected to establish a new arsenic stand- Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, if I (Purpose: To amend the provisions with re- ard by 1989. For cancer-causing sub- might add that when we passed the spect to arsenic) stances such as arsenic, the goal in the Clean Air Act amendments in 1990, Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I send Safe Drinking Water Act is to elimi- more than 40 cities were in nonattain- an amendment to the desk and ask for nate all exposure—to reach zero, if we ment for carbon monoxide. Today that its immediate consideration. can. But most often that is not a prac- number is less than 10. Much of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the tical reality. Instead, the standard is credit goes to the oxygenated fuels pro- Senator seek to set aside the pending set based on the treatment tech- gram as well as other steps taken by committee amendments? nologies that large drinking water sys- the various cities. Mr. CHAFEE. I do so ask. tems can afford. With technology So I think we can look forward to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without available today, it is possible to reduce day when every American city can objection, it is so ordered. the concentration of arsenic in drink- boast clean air. Fairbanks, as I men- Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I ask ing water from the current 50 parts per tioned, has made great progress and we unanimous consent that the committee billion to levels below 10 parts per bil- believe will reach the goal of complete amendment beginning on page 143, line lion. attainment soon. In light of those ac- 17, be the pending amendment. However, some have argued that ar- complishments, I think we should pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without senic may not be a typical cancer-caus- vide Fairbanks with some flexibility, objection, it is so ordered. ing substance and ought not to be regu- and I am happy to support this amend- The clerk will now report the amend- lated in the typical way. According to ment. ment. this argument, there may be a safe I yield the remainder of my time. The bill clerk read as follows: threshold for arsenic. In other words, it Mr. BOND. The amendment is accept- The Senator from Rhode Island (Mr. may be that the first bit of arsenic one able on this side. CHAFEE) proposes an amendment numbered consumes will not increase a person’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the 2780 to the committee amendment beginning cancer risk. It may be that some high- on page 143, line 17, through page 151, line 10. Senator from Alaska yield his remain- er concentration must be reached be- ing time? On page 149, line 18, insert ‘‘(for its fore the cancer effect takes hold. Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, we carcinogenic effects)’’ after ‘‘arsenic.’’ Drinking arsenic below this level would agree to the amendment. I have no Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, this not increase risk because the body other statement to make on it. amendment would modify one of the would slough it off before it reached Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I agree environmental riders on this appropria- the target organs. If there is such a with what the Senator from Rhode Is- tions bill. The appropriations bill pre- threshold—and depending where it is— land has said. I know what the situa- cludes the Environmental Protection a standard at less than 10 parts per bil- tion here is. I am one who does not be- Agency from taking final action to set lion—even though we could achieve it— lieve that MTPE will make a difference a standard for arsenic under the Safe might not make sense, if our only con- when there are temperature inversions Drinking Water Act. This delay is pre- cern is the cancer risk. that cause nonattainment. We will sumably justified because some uncer- Unfortunately, there has not been have to deal with that in the Clean Air tainties in the science on the cancer- sufficient study to answer this ques- Act, however, and we agree not to pur- causing effects of arsenic. tion about a threshold. Recent studies sue it with the appropriations process My amendment would continue the from Taiwan suggest that there is not again. delay imposed by the rider for a stand- a threshold and that the cancer risk I thank the Senator. I yield the re- ard to deal with the cancer threat from from drinking water at the current 50 mainder of my time. arsenic, but it would allow EPA to go parts per billion standard is quite high. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The forward and revise the standard to pro- If those studies are correct 2 in each question is on agreeing to the amend- tect against the other adverse health 100 people drinking arsenic-laden water ment No. 2779 offered by the Senator effects of arsenic. at the current federal standard would from Alaska. Arsenic is a naturally occurring sub- be expected to develop skin cancer. On The amendment (No. 2779) was agreed stance frequently found in drinking the other hand, many other scientists to. water, especially in water supplies have attacked weaknesses in the Tai- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I move to from ground water sources. wan study and argued that it cannot be reconsider the vote by which the Arsenic causes several adverse health relied upon to determine whether there amendment was agreed to. effects, the most important of which is a threshold or not. Ms. MIKULSKI. I move to lay that are vascular diseases and skin cancer. Resolving this scientific dispute motion on the table. Arsenic has been known to be a cause about the potential cancer-causing The motion to lay on the table was of cancer by ingestion since 1887 be- properties of arsenic can be done. A agreed to. cause it was sold in patent medicines. gathering of scientists that occurred Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I believe Ironically, many of these medicines last spring produced a research plan that the Senator from Rhode Island were intended to treat skin diseases. that would result in a definitive an- has another amendment that will be Using arsenic as a medicine proved swer. The study would take a period of acceptable on both sides. I modify the that arsenic itself causes skin cancer. a few years to complete and would cost unanimous-consent agreement and ask The other major health problem about $15 million. unanimous consent that he be given 5 caused by arsenic is a weakening of the Mr. President, I have brought this minutes to present the amendment vascular system—the vessels that cir- amendment to the floor of the Senate with respect to arsenic in drinking culate blood in our bodies. to make a simple point. We have a re- water. Arsenic is currently regulated under sponsibility to the American people to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the Safe Drinking Water Act and has make sure these studies get done and objection? been regulated by the Federal Govern- are completed as soon as possible. We Without objection, it is so ordered. ment beginning long before there was have delayed too long. Mr. BOND. I further ask unanimous an EPA. The current drinking water There is a great deal of disagreement consent that on the Mikulski amend- standard, established by the Public in this body and across the country ment on national service and on the Health Service after World War II, is 50 today about the proper role of the Fed- Sarbanes amendment on homelessness, parts per billion. That standard was set eral Government in ensuring that our that no second-degree amendments be to address the vascular diseases, but drinking water is safe. But one thing in order. was not designed to address the cancer everybody agrees on is that the Federal The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there risk. Government has a responsibility to objection? The 1986 amendments to the Safe conduct the research necessary to de- Without objection, it is so ordered. Drinking Water Act required the ar- termine the potential adverse effects of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14249 the contaminants that occur in our should be tightened to prevent vascular The Senator from Maryland (Ms. MIKUL- drinking water. It would not make diseases. We would want all the studies SKI), for herself, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. ROCKE- sense for every state or every city to on those effects thoroughly reviewed FELLER, Mr. DASCHLE, and Mr. BREAUX pro- conduct its own drinking water re- by the Science Advisory Board and oth- poses an amendment No. 2781. search program. That is a job for the ers before a standard-setting effort was Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ask Federal Government. begun. But it would not be blocked. unanimous consent that reading of the But we have not been doing it. We in- That is the point. amendment be dispensed with. vest next to nothing in drinking water Mr. President, I have discussed this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without research in these appropriations bills amendment with the manager of the objection, it is so ordered. each year. A recent briefing by EPA’s bill and believe that it is agreeable to The amendment is as follows: Office of Research and Development in- him. I want to commend Senator BOND On page 27, line 5, strike ‘‘$5,594,358,000’’ dicated that less than $5 million per for including $1 million in this bill for and insert ‘‘$5,211,358,000’’. year is being spent to investigate the On page 27, line 6, insert the following research on the cancer-causing effects after ‘‘That’’: ‘‘in addition to the appropria- adverse health effects of drinking of arsenic. That is a start. And we ap- tion of $5,211,358,000 made available under water contaminants. preciate it. I am sure that we can this heading, in order to achieve an effective Arsenic is a perfect example of this count on him to see this research pro- program level of $5,594,358,000 for the ‘Annual failing. It has been known to cause gram through to the end, now that it Contributions for Assisted Housing’ account skin cancer in humans since before has been initiated. for fiscal year 1996, in carrying out the pro- 1900. It has been regulated—but not to So, Mr. President, my amendment grams and activities specified under this prevent cancer from drinking water lets the prohibition that is in the basic heading, the Secretary of Housing and Urban —by the Federal Government for dec- Development shall use $383,000,000 from any bill dealing with cancer-causing sub- combination of unobligated balances or re- ades. In 1986, Congress passed a law re- stances, cancer threats remain, but captures from prior year appropriations in quiring that the arsenic standard be re- lets EPA go forward with revising the the ‘Annual Contributions for Assisted Hous- vised and that the revision address the standards to protect against, as I say, ing’ account, and from any reduction in cancer risk. The new standard was due other adverse health effects. amounts provided during fiscal year 1996 in 1989. Mr. President, this has been cleared from the ‘Annual Contributions for Assisted But nothing was done. EPA took no on both sides of the aisle. Housing’ account (or from the ‘Renewal of action to revise the standard. Finally, I ask for its acceptance. Expiring Section 8 Subsidies’ account) to in 1993 EPA was sued by a public inter- Mr. President, I would like to say any public housing agency whose project re- est group to force the Agency to issue serve account is determined by the Secretary that I have discussed this amendment of Housing and Urban Development to con- the cancer standard. In response to the with the managers of the bill and the tain funds in excess of the needs of that pub- suit, EPA appeared in court and asked ranking member. I believe it is agree- lic housing agency: Provided further, That’’. for more time, because the research able to them. On page 30, line 5, strike ‘‘and’’. had not been done. I commend Senator BOND for includ- On page 30, line 7, insert before the colon Now, this appropriations bill comes ing $1 million in this bill for research the following: ‘‘; and (3) shall give priority to before us and provides EPA with the on the cancer-causing effects of ar- projects designated for purchase by nonprofit extension they have been seeking. This senic. That is a start. We appreciate it. organizations in allocating any funds for the extension would not be necessary, if sale of any projects in the preservation pipe- I hope we can count on him—and I line’’. the appropriations bills adopted in pre- know we can—to see this research pro- On page 128, after line 20, insert the fol- vious years had provided the small gram through to the end. lowing new section: amount of research money for the The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there SEC. 225. INSURANCE OF MORTGAGES UNDER needed research. Tens of thousands of is no further debate, the question is on THE NATIONAL HOUSING ACT. Americans are consuming arsenic in agreeing to the amendment of the Sen- Section 203(b)(2)(A) of the National Hous- their drinking water at levels that may ator from Rhode Island. ing Act (12 U.S.C. 1709(b)(2)(A)) is amended— be a threat to their health. This is not The amendment (No. 2780) was agreed (1) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘75 percent’’ new information. But we are not ready and inserting ‘‘86 percent’’; and to. (2) by striking ‘‘38 percent’’ and inserting to take action to protect public health, Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I move ‘‘50 percent’’. because we have delayed and delayed to reconsider the vote by which the Beginning on page 130, strike line 19 and and delayed in making the small in- amendment was agreed to. all that follows through page 131, line 2, and vestment in research that is necessary Ms. MIKULSKI. I move to lay that insert the following: to arrive at a sound public policy re- motion on the table. (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS) garding arsenic in drinking water. The motion to lay on the table was For necessary expenses for the Corporation Recent studies on the noncancer agreed to. for National and Community Service (re- health effects of arsenic indicate that Mr. CHAFEE. I thank the ranking ferred to in the matter under this heading as the current 50-part-per-billion standard member and the manager of the bill for the ‘‘Corporation’’) in carrying out pro- may not even prevent the other ar- their consideration. grams, activities, and initiatives under the senic-related diseases. One approach The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under National and Community Service Act of 1990 the previous unanimous-consent agree- (referred to in the matter under this heading might be to immediately revise the ar- as the ‘‘Act’’) (42 U.S.C. 12501 et seq.), senic standard for drinking water based ment, the Senate is to proceed to the $425,000,000, of which $335,000,000 shall be on these other effects, press ahead full National Service Program amendment. available for obligation from September 1, speed on the cancer research, and re- AMENDMENT NO. 2781 1996, through August 21, 1997: Provided, That vise the standard—if needed—to reflect (Purpose: To restore funding for national and not more than $26,000,000 shall be available the cancer risk when that research is community service programs) for administrative expenses authorized under completed. That is an approach that we Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ask section 501(a)(4) of the Act (42 U.S.C. will consider when the Senate takes up unanimous consent that the amend- 12681(a)(4)), of which not more than $12,000,000 shall be for administrative ex- the bill to reauthorize the Safe Drink- ments pending before the Senate be penses for State commissions pursuant to ing Water Act. laid aside. section 126(a) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12576(a)): My amendment today sets the stage The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Provided further, That not more than $2,500 for this debate. Instead of prohibiting a objection, it is so ordered. shall be for official reception and representa- revision of the standard for arsenic al- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I have tion expenses: Provided further, That not together, under my amendment EPA an amendment that I would like to more than $93,000,000, to remain available would just be prohibited from issuing a send to the desk in behalf of myself, without fiscal year limitation, shall be transferred to the National Service Trust ac- standard for the cancer effects. They Senator KENNEDY, Senator ROCKE- might revise the standard based on the count for educational awards authorized FELLER, Senator DASCHLE, and Senator under subtitle D of title I of the Act (42 data for other health effects. My BREAUX. U.S.C. 12601 et seq): Provided further, That amendment does not require EPA to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The not more than $209,000,000 shall be available issue a standard. And it does not pre- clerk will report. for grants under the National Service Trust judge the issue of whether the standard The bill clerk read as follows: program authorized under subtitle C of title

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 I of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12571 et seq.) (relating below the President’s 1996 request, and policing station side by side with the to activities including the Americorps pro- it is also 10 percent below the fiscal police officers. They are not new cops, gram): Provided further, That not more than year 1995 rescinded level. but they are cop extenders because $5,000,000 shall be made available for the In addition, my amendment would while the police officers are doing the Points of Light Foundation for activities au- thorized under title III of the Act (42 U.S.C. prohibit direct grants to Federal agen- policing, these volunteers are helping 12661 et seq.): Provided further, That none of cies, generating an additional 11 per- doing prevention, community edu- the funds made available under this heading cent of savings. And, finally, my cation, and also providing much-needed may be used to administer, reimburse, or amendment would fence all funds from bilingual assistance. support any national service programs run obligation until the Corporation sub- In Vermont, there is something by Federal agencies authorized under section mits a plan that restructures the pro- called the Vermont Antihunger, Nutri- 121(b) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12571(b)): Provided gram operation to reflect its reduced tion and Empowerment Corps. This further, That not more than $19,000,000 shall budget or until national service is re- group operates five sites in Vermont, be available for the Civilian Community Corps authorized under subtitle E of title I of authorized, whichever comes first. developing a statewide approach to the Act (42 U.S.C. 12611 et seq.): Provided fur- Mr. President, why do I do this? I do hunger to increase participation of ther, That not more than $43,000,000 shall be this because I so strongly and passion- low-income and rural residents in Fed- available for school-based and community- ately believe in national service. This eral food assistance programs and based service-learning programs authorized is not just yet another social program. teaching them about nutrition and how under subtitle B of title I of the Act (42 It is a unique American social inven- to buy and plant food. U.S.C. 12521 et seq.): Provided further, That tion designed to help create the ethic In Washington State, we have a con- not more than $25,000,000 shall be available of service in today’s young people. It servation corps providing a 1-year pro- for quality and innovation activities author- creates an opportunity structure under gram that combines fieldwork and on- ized under subtitle H of title I of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12653 et seq.): Provided further, That which young Americans receive a re- the-job instruction for doing things not more than $5,000,000 shall be available for duction in their student debt or a like watershed restoration, reforest- audits and other evaluations authorized voucher to pay for their higher edu- ation, stream and salmon habitat reha- under section 179 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12639): cation in exchange for full- or part- bilitation, and forest fire and oil spill Provided further, That no funds from any time community service. response. It takes hard-to-reach kids other appropriation, or from funds otherwise This is not another handout. This and puts them with other young people made available to the Corporation, shall be says to young people, we know that who have recently graduated from col- used to pay for personnel compensation and your first mortgage is your student lege, both doing hands-on work. I know benefits, travel, or any other administrative debt, but we want to give you an oppor- expense for the Board of Directors, the Office that we have not only turned the envi- of the Chief Executive Officer, the Office of tunity to reduce that student debt by ronment around but we have turned the Managing Director, the Office of the doing service in your community. And around some at-risk kids. Chief Financial Officer, the Office of Na- if you do that, you will earn a voucher YouthBuild Boston is a program that tional and Community Service Programs, to reduce that student debt to the tune puts 18- to 24-year-old volunteers to the Civilian Community Corps, or any field of about $4,000 a year. work renovating buildings to provide office or staff of the Corporation working on The projects themselves do not come low-income housing. the National and Community Service or Ci- from some Federal bureaucrat deciding The program engages disenfranchised vilian Community Corps programs: Provided what is best for local communities. It youth in rebuilding their communities further, that none of the funds made avail- able under this heading may be obligated is driven by the choices of local organi- and provides them with the education until the earlier of the date on which the zations, primarily nonprofits, and orga- and skills to become self-reliant and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation nizing around four basic areas of activ- responsible citizens. submits a plan to Congress to restructure ity: education, public health, the envi- The program has had such success the National Service Trust program author- ronment, and public safety. It gives that it has expanded its services from ized under subtitle C of title I of the Act (re- these young men and women a chance housing renovation to include environ- lating to activities including the Americorps to get a college education in exchange mental, public safety, and education program) in accordance with a budget small- for community service. This is not a projects. er than the budget requested for the program There are over 1,000 programs oper- in the President’s fiscal year 1996 budget, or Gucci-styled, show-up-once-a-week the date of enactment of an Act that reau- concept. These community workers ating nationwide which involve 20,000 thorizes the National and Community Serv- spend an average of 35 hours each week volunteers. ice Act of 1990. contributing to their communities. These programs are doing exactly OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL They get a modest monthly allowance, what Congress intended to do when we For necessary expenses of the Office of In- and they get other support. authorized this bill in 1993. In fact, spector General in carrying out the provi- Why is this important? We want to many of the programs are operating sions of the Inspector General Act of 1978, do three things with national service. with a larger degree of success than $1,500,000. We want to help students reduce their even we had hoped. National service The PRESIDING OFFICER. There student debt. We want to also rekindle was designed to address those two pro- will now be 2 hours of debate equally the habits of the heart that made grams I talked about—student indebt- divided in the usual manner. The Sen- America great with the spirit of volun- edness as well as how to instill a sense ator from Maryland is recognized. tarism. And third but not at all least, of obligation and habits of the heart in Ms. MIKULSKI. Thank you, Mr. we want to deal with the new volunteer young people. President. At this time, I yield myself deficit that is facing the United States There has been a sharp drop over the no more than 15 minutes, reserving the of America when many of our non- last 20 years in the number of Ameri- balance of my time to allocate to other profits are withering on the vine for cans who volunteer in their commu- Senators and also for summation argu- the lack of community participation. nities. Harvard Prof. Bob Putnam has ment. What are some of the examples of identified this trend and says that we Mr. President, I rise today to offer an what these volunteers do? In my own need to promote more civic activity. amendment to the VA–HUD and inde- State, in Montgomery County, they op- Fewer people attend the PTA. But also pendent agencies appropriations bill. erate a community assisting police what we know is that groups like the My amendment restores funding for program where volunteers engage in Red Cross, Meals on Wheels, Girl the Corporation for National and Com- community education and outreach Scouts, and Boy Scouts face fewer and munity Service. It is in the amount of that addresses the need for crime con- fewer volunteers. What we want to do $425 million. The offset necessary to do trol, prevention, and the reduction of is instill this sense of citizenship, this this is taken from inside HUD to cover fear in six underserved communities. sense of obligation. And we also want the budget authority in outlays needed Some of the projects that they do are to say, as part of an overall Govern- to restore funding for national service. coordinating a school awareness crime ment framework, now we have a clear The amount of funding this amend- program. They provide bilingual assist- message that for every right there is a ment provides allows another year of ance and referrals to crime victims. responsibility, for every opportunity operation at a level that is 48 percent They work actually in a community there should be an obligation. And this

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14251 is what we are trying to create also to point out that in the report it says, Mr. KENNEDY. Madam President, I through this legislation. ‘‘It is important not to equate our welcome the opportunity to join with National service is the latest in a funding information with cost data.’’ my friend and colleague, the Senator long series of social inventions de- Most AmeriCorps programs are still in from Maryland, in urging the Senate to signed by this country to create higher their first year of operation. accept this particular amendment that education. Earlier today we debated Also, the $26,700 figure is misleading will restore the national service pro- the space station. We are known world- because it represents all resources from gram and the service learning pro- wide for our scientific invention. But Federal, State, local, and private. It is grams and renewing this country’s also we have been a genius in social in- not a total cost to the taxpayer. You commitment to service. I think all of ventions—those tools that enable peo- know, in fact, we require matching us in this body are very much aware of ple to pursue the American dream. funds. And Congress expects that the the strong commitment that the Sen- (Ms. SNOWE assumed the chair.) federally appropriated dollars would be ator from Maryland has had in terms of Ms. MIKULSKI. Madam President, used to leverage matching contribu- the voluntary service programs. As one we are the country that invented night tions. So we see that what they say it who has been involved in this effort for school so that immigrants, working in costs is really excessive. some period of time, Senator MIKULSKI factories during the day, would have a Also, some have suggested in the has really been the leader here in the chance to learn English, learn citizen- tight budget times we cannot afford to Senate in the development of these im- ship, learn the skills to move ahead in continue this. Well, I do not think we portant programs, and has given us the our society. That was a social inven- can afford not to continue it. The GAO opportunity in our Human Resources tion. We created the GI bill for return- report goes on to recognize that these Committee to hear the testimony of ing vets because we said that if you grants have really served communities. many of the young people in Maryland gave to this Nation, we will make sure They have served rural communities who have been involved in voluntary you will be able to participate in the and they have served urban commu- programs, and conservation programs, American dream. nities. GAO said in the seven and many others. National and community service is AmeriCorps programs in the four We are very much aware of not only part of that framework. How can we States it visited that ‘‘During our site her strong commitment as a policy make sure the access to higher edu- visits we observed local programs help- maker but also her strong personal in- cation is not only for the wealthy? In ing communities.’’ This one sentence terest in the national service program, my own home State of Maryland, to go makes it all worthwhile. community service program, and other to an independent college like Loyola GAO says, ‘‘In our site visits, we ob- volunteer efforts. I welcome the chance or Notre Dame of Maryland, the kind served that these communities are ac- to join with her in what I consider to of school I went to, it now costs any- tually being helped.’’ I could go on to be an extremely important vote here where from $12,000 to $18,000 a year. For talk about what they do, but what GAO this afternoon. most middle-income families, the says is, ‘‘We observed participants ren- Madam President, I think, as Senator whole idea of $72,000 for 4 years of edu- ovating inner-city housing, assisting MIKULSKI has pointed out, the issue of cation is beyond their dream. The same teachers in elementary schools * * * voluntarism is really as old as the thing for our public schools. It still analyzing neighborhood crime statis- country. And I think many of us feel then would be about $8,000 or $9,000 a tics to better target prevention meas- that the outlet for this voluntary spirit year—or $45,000. ures * * * ’’ working with the police, has not always been very evident. Only In this country, we believed that in- developing a community food bank for in very recent years did we see the de- tellectual ability and character was people with special dietary needs—and velopment of a new major volunteer randomly distributed through the pop- I could go on. opportunity. That was in the early ulation, so that it was only an elite few Others would say that is going to be 1960’s—we can go back to the period of that could have access to higher edu- done anyway. Well, I am not so sure it the 1930’s and cite some of the pro- cation and thus remain elite. We want- is going to be done anyway. You have grams in the time of the Depression, ed to make sure it was available to the downsizing of State and local gov- but really the 1960’s and the develop- others. So that is why national service ernments. They are shrinking funds ment of the Peace Corps Program is important. available for nonprofits. And also there marked the dramatic beginning of a There are many critics to national are few people to volunteer. national commitment to service pro- service, and Senator GRASSLEY, of This bill rewards the kinds of values, grams. Iowa, has rightfully raised many of like sweat equity and work, that are at those concerns. the heart of the American family. It I had an opportunity, recently, to I joined with him, asking GAO to does not identify with victims. It does visit with some of the volunteers at the evaluate the AmeriCorps Program. I not whine. It is not morose about the 25th anniversary of the Peace Corps. At felt if we could not stand to be evalu- issues facing our society. I think this a luncheon that was held over in the ated, we could not stand to be author- goes right into the values of the Na- other side of the Capitol building, I sat ized and we could not stand to be fund- tion. These are not Democratic Party down with the first volunteers for the ed. In our quest, we asked them to values; these are not Republican Party Peace Corps and I asked them about identify the resources required to field values. These are American values: why they participated in the Peace an AmeriCorps participant, evaluate Hard work, neighbor helping neighbor, Corps. Virtually, all of them gave— whether an AmeriCorps program was making sure that the access to the phrased somewhat differently, a uni- meeting its mission, and make rec- American dream is there for all Ameri- form response. And that was: We were ommendations on how the national cans. asked and it was the first time that we service corps could be more efficient So, Madam President, I hope we will were ever asked to do anything for and effective. support the appropriation of national anybody else. The Peace Corps asked Well, GAO answered two of the three service. I also hope that we support the them to do something for their country questions we asked. GAO estimates reauthorization when it comes up. I and also for the communities that they that the amount of resources available really think this is very important leg- would serve, and they responded. from the Corporation to field a partici- islation. I think it really warrants the I think all of us who have watched pant are in line with the Corporation’s Senate’s attention and their vote. the program grow and develop, and estimate. Most impressive in GAO’s I yield back such time as I might have heard the various discussions and finding is that national service pro- have left, reserving other time that has debates about its stability and about grams are meeting the objectives that been allocated to me. its future in recent years, have learned Congress set when we passed the bill in Mr. KENNEDY addressed the Chair. a very important lesson from the Peace 1993. The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is Corps. We have seen a large number of Some will come to the floor and 6 minutes and 46 seconds remaining. Peace Corps volunteers working on argue that the cost to the taxpayer of Ms. MIKULSKI. I yield to the Sen- Capitol Hill and in different agencies of about $26,000 is excessive. Well, I want ator from Massachusetts 15 minutes. Government. They are individuals who

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14252 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 involve themselves voluntarily in serv- The fact remains, Madam President, Notre Dame Mission Volunteers—South ice. They give something back to the that the concept of voluntarism exists Boston. community. And they have maintained not only for those individuals who have Action for Children Today—Boston, Worcester, Fitchburg. this spirit of voluntarism and an inter- financial security. It will be said, in Youth STAR/ROCA Revere Project 1—Re- est in the broad public policy issues of the course of this debate—it always vere. our country. is—it will be said that if we are going Summerbridge Cambridge—Cambridge. That has been true of Peace Corps to talk about voluntary, why do we not Elder Leaders in Community Care/UMass volunteers, and it has been true of the talk about really voluntary. That is Boston 1—Greater Boston. Vista volunteers as well. I think there fine for those families, young and old US Catholic Conference—Somerville. are more than 1,250 Peace Corps volun- alike, who have financial independ- United States Department of Agriculture/ teers who are somehow related to ac- Public Lands and Environment Team—Dor- ence. But the idea of contribution of chester. tivities on the Hill. They are working service back into community does not National Service Legal Corps/Western for Members of the House, the Senate, define itself by financial resources. The Mass. Legal Services—Springfield. extended staffs, an in other areas of desire to serve exists among many peo- Cityworks/Worcester Community Action service to the Congress. It is an ex- ple, young and old, those that have re- Council 1—Worcester. traordinary record. I think all of us sources and those that do not. YouthBuild Boston 1—Roxbury. 2 have seen similar examples in our own We should not deny the opportunity YouthBuild USA —Somerville. I Have a Dream Foundation—Boston. States, through our visits and travels. for service to those individuals who Youth Volunteer Corps—Boston, Lawrence. I think one of the most important come from humble beginnings and a PLANNING GRANTS AND COMMUNITY purposes of this whole program is to family that does not have great re- try to reach out and bring the idea of Coalition for Asian Pacific American sources. They know the concept of Youth/UMass Boston 1—Boston. service to young people. Service learn- service and we should not deny them New Bedford Youth Corps 1—New Bedford. ing programs, involve children as that. That is the point of the FOOTNOTES young as kindergartners, and continue AmeriCorps Program: provide a small 1 Funded through the Massachusetts National and the effort through the 12 years of stipend and give them an opportunity Community Service Commission. school, to reach out to those individ- to continue their education after they 2 Parent organization in Massachusetts. Operating uals in the 12th grade. The AmeriCorps meet their service obligation. That is sites in other states. Program provides another kind of op- the AmeriCorps Program and it has Mr. KENNEDY. Madam President, portunity. It allows individuals to offer been a great community resource. service is of great value to the commu- full time voluntary service to their We have seen the examples of real re- nity, and also of value to the individual community and earn educational bene- sults where these programs have taken who participates in the program. fits through their service. Hopefully place. I ask unanimous consent that Madam President, the Mikulski they then maintain that sense of vol- there be printed in the RECORD exam- amendment will allow the programs in untarism during the time they are in ples of the services provided in a num- schools across this country to continue school and in college, and continue it ber of different cities in my own State to provide the opportunity of service to through the rest of their lives. The in projects that would never have been young children. precedent set by Peace Corps and done unless AmeriCorps had been in- In Springfield, MA, we have kinder- VISTA volunteers indicates that they volved. The value of those projects far garten children who are involved in will. exceed the value of money paid to the folding napkins and preparing center- The programs that involve our sen- individual AmeriCorps members. These pieces and involved in the feeding pro- iors—Foster Grandparents, Senior are projects that generally would not grams for the homeless people in that Companions, RSVP, provide great serv- be done without this program. area. They are just small children, and ice to communities. These volunteers There being no objection, the mate- they are finding out about what home- are elderly retirees, who in many in- rial was ordered to be printed in the lessness means. They are finding out stances, are living on just a few thou- RECORD, as follows: about the joy that takes place when sand dollars a year. They are providing MASSACHUSETTS AMERICORPS PROGRAMS— they are able to involve themselves, as service to their communities and re- 1995–96 PROGRAM YEAR kindergarten children, in the prepara- ceiving a very minimal amount of re- PROGRAM AND COMMUNITY tion of napkins and centerpieces for sources for the great value that they YMCA Earth Service Corps—Becket, Fall those homeless individuals. represent in their communities. River, Boston, Brockton. We find sixth graders who go out and Two superb programs in my own Berkshire Conservation Team/Berkshire 1— visit nursing homes and perform in State, in Bedford and Fall River, come Pittsfield. pantomime the race between the rabbit to mind immediately. These commu- Boston University Health & Housing Fel- and the turtle and they see the joy that lows—Boston. nities have very high unemployment Academics for Changing times/Cambridge they are giving to those seniors. They and face many different challenges. Community Services 1—Cambridge. often receive requests for perform- The service that these programs pro- City Pride/Old Colony Y Services Corp.1— ances. They go out during study hall to vide to those communities is extraor- Brockton. do service to the community. They dinary. Those of us who support this City Year Boston 1—Boston. learn that good citizenship is an impor- program, want to see that concept of Linking Lifetimes AmeriCorps/Corporation tant value in our society. This is im- for Public Management 1—Springfield. voluntarism started in the early years Greater Holyoke Youth Service Corps 1— portant. and continued on for young people and Holyoke. We have 8th through 12th graders, adults through the AmeriCorps Pro- City C.O.R.E./Lawrence Youth Commis- under supervision, providing day care gram, continued into college, the work- sion 1—Lawrence. programs for the sons and daughters of place and on into retirement. Local Initiatives Support Corporation— working families. They are working As part of the whole AmeriCorps Pro- Boston. and even providing some reading and gram, we have seen a great deal of Lowell Neighborhood Service Corps/Great- tutoring for these young children. er Lowell YWCA1—Lowell. commitment from the private sector. MAGIC ME/Boston—Boston. These 8th and 12th graders write The challenge, when this program was National Alliance of Veteran Family Serv- these extraordinary books. They write established, was to try and ensure pri- ice Organizations—Roxbury. them themselves—and read them to vate participation and matching funds. National Council of Educational Oppor- the other children. They are more pop- The Senator from Maryland has talked tunity Association—Northfield. ular than the books that are bought or about it, as well. We can, during the National Multiple Sclerosis Society—Wal- were already available at these centers. tham. debate, go into greater detail on that Neighborhood Green Corps—Boston, The impact of that on those students is part of the program. But it is already Worcester, Springfield. significant and profound. well documented that we have success- Athletes in Service to America/North- We have more than 30,000 of them in- fully involved the private sector in pro- eastern University—Boston. volved in these programs now in my viding incentives and opportunities for own State of Massachusetts and that service. 1 Footnotes at the end of article. number is expanding. They do not need

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14253 extensive resources and training to be ment; how we are going to do some- But as I weigh the priorities, Madam able to run these programs. They have thing about violence; how we are going President, I cannot see how we would to have a program developed by stu- to do something about teenage preg- allocate the scarce resources to pay for dents that has an education function, nancy; how we are going to do some- a program which the Government Ac- service to the community, and make thing to encourage our young people to counting Office has concluded costs, application to the State boards. move around and learn. per participant, over $26,000 per year. That is another very important un- There are a lot of different ways of That is a level of expenditure that I derlying concept. These programs are trying to do it, and we have tried to do just do not believe can be sustained in basically structured and run by the it in a variety of ways. Do not discount our current budget. States. The grant decisions are not service as also an important contribu- As I indicated when we began consid- Federal they are controlled by the tion to those effort. When service and eration of this measure, we are trying States. service opportunities are done right, to move from the present condition of We have, in my own State of Massa- they teach excellent lessons. I think deficit spending, where we are going chusetts, a good program. The men and the record demonstrates that. $200 billion in the tank every year, to women who are part of it have all been Madam President, I see others who balancing our books and stopping or individuals who have been very, very want to speak to this issue. ending the deficit, stopping the addi- much involved in voluntary service I will just say I think this program is tion of debt, almost $5 trillion worth, over the period of their lives and have an extremely modest program. The that is now on the backs and on the been involved in a wide range of dif- basic concept is to give an opportunity credit cards of our children and grand- ferent kinds of service activities. They to people to give something back to children. review to make sure that these pro- their community. Many of us have the Good intentions alone, unfortu- grams work and work effectively. Some opportunity to visit different service nately, are not enough. We must estab- programs, clearly, work better than sites in our own States or commu- lish some priorities, and it is very dif- others, and there is obviously a respon- nities. The number of volunteers that ficult. But to me, I cannot see sibility to ensure that those programs are out there to try and provide help AmeriCorps ranking high enough on that do not work are halted or discon- and assist is absolutely extraordinary. that priority level. I do not dispute tinued and others that do work should I visited recently a station that feeds that the program has provided some go forward. those who are HIV positive, and I asked benefits to communities. I know that I know there have been examples them about the volunteers that they individuals have benefited from it. Yet, that have been raised during the course get to assist in feeding. They said the we have had to make tough choices. of the various discussions on this of number of volunteers is off the charts. I had leaders of the Nation’s mayors programs engaging in improper advo- People really care. They do not want to and county officials come into my of- cacy activities. When the very few alle- have their names listed. They are peo- fice to ask about what I was proposing gations, have been substantiated, the ple you would consider to be successful in this VA–HUD bill for the commu- programs have been abandoned. I think in terms of financial standing in the nities. I discussed with them the that is important. I think those of us community. People really care. choices that I had to make at the sub- who are supporting the Mikulski We, as a society, do not offer suffi- committee level, and that the full com- amendment certainly support that con- cient kinds of opportunities for that mittee had to make between the com- cept. Overall, the service provided by kind of voluntarism. We provide impor- munity development block grant and this program has been extraordinary. tant opportunities in many different AmeriCorps. The local officials who I mentioned, Madam President, one areas, and I certainly acknowledge the judge what really makes a difference particular school in Springfield, MA, work that is done by many of the very for their communities said, ‘‘Well, we that had one of the highest incidences nonprofit voluntary agencies. But this like both of them, but there is no ques- of trouble in terms of violence, one of is special and unique, a school-based tion that the community development the highest dropout rates and also one program. of the highest incidences of teenage I ask for 1 more minute. block grant is more important in our pregnancy. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the community.’’ That is a decision made There was an introduction into that Senator from Maryland yield? at the local level by people elected by whole school system of a community Ms. MIKULSKI. I yield 1 more and responsible to the people in that service program. There was a good deal minute. community. And I cannot argue with of effort by very enterprising students, Mr. KENNEDY. It really provides a that. members of the faculty and several of very, very important opportunity. I I wanted to accommodate my col- the parents. They really made an im- think our greatest hope is that that op- league from Maryland. I do know that pact on this student body. portunity will be expanded on over the there are some benefits to the Now it is the second best high school years in the future to make volunta- AmeriCorps Program. But when the in Springfield, MA. If you go up there rism something that is basically a part choice came to funding community de- and talk to the parents, if you go up of the American ethic from the earliest velopment block grants or AmeriCorps, there and talk to the students, if you part of our lives until the twilight as a supporter of block grants, one who go up there and talk to the teachers, if years of our lives. has worked with county and city offi- you talk to the local merchants, if you I thank the Chair and yield the floor. cials throughout my years of service, I talk to the other people who have re- Mr. BOND. Madam President, I yield felt we must go with those elected by ceived the service and seen the dif- myself 10 minutes. the people at the local level, who said ference—there is no question in any of Madam President, I regret having to this is their priority. their minds about the fact that the rise to oppose the efforts of my good I note also that the distinguished service opportunity that was available friends from Maryland and Massachu- Senator from Massachusetts said that to these young people made the big dif- setts to restore funding for the Cor- this is a very worthwhile program and ference. It reduced violence and in- poration for National Service. I know that the private sector matches it. Yet, creased the academic benefits to the that the Senator from Maryland has I understand that only about 8 percent students themselves and changed, in a been a champion of this and every of the funds come from the private sec- very significant and important way, other measure that contributes to com- tor. This basically is a Federal Govern- the attitudes of these students about munity service, that motivates people ment program. We used to have a pro- their school, about themselves and of all ages to take an active part in gram called CETA, Comprehensive Em- about their community. their community, to be contributing ployment and Training Act, way back We all know about the challenges members of the community, to do many years ago when I was Governor. that we are facing in many of our something with their lives that is more That program funded all kinds of jobs. urban areas and in many of our school than just getting a paycheck, and I After evaluation of Government-funded systems about how we are going to en- know how important this program is to jobs, on a bipartisan basis, the leaders hance education, academic achieve- her. of this country, both at the State and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14254 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 national level, decided that Com- emphasize that under the proposal in within the definition of the President’s prehensive Employment and Training this bill, no members of the National statements when it was first enun- Act funds were not the way to go. Service Corps that are currently serv- ciated, when the program was inaugu- We have seen in the Federal Govern- ing will be cut off. The Corporation rated, or else lose the program. ment’s use of the AmeriCorps jobs how just announced the fiscal year 1995 That is what my letter to the Presi- expensive they can be. It will surprise awards in the last few weeks. These dent in late August said. This is the some of my colleagues that $14 million programs will run until September problem pointed out by the General Ac- out of AmeriCorps funds went to fund 1996. It gives us an opportunity to see counting Office. We feel that until the Federal agencies. I bet you thought one more year of the experiment and to problems are corrected, either reinvent that we were cutting employment in allow the not-for-profit agencies one it, in other words, or lose it. the Federal Government, because that more year to prepare for a possible is what we have heard. Guess what? We We have not had the cooperation of change in their Federal subsidies. the White House on that point. That is cut employment in the Federal Govern- From my perspective, we have not why I think one of the reasons that the ment on the one hand, and we come in seen the administration provide any chairman felt necessary to zero out through the other door, through kind of support or real push to get this this program at this particular time AmeriCorps, and use AmeriCorps funds program in a position where it can be and use the money someplace where to hire people paid for by the Federal saved. We have asked them for their there is a greater need for it. Government. input. We have told them of the prob- In some of those programs, the cost lems. We have asked how they are In the process of stating my position per participant was more expensive. going to reform it. And in our hearing, in support of the chairman and against For instance, one HHS program costs the ranking member asked Mr. Segal, the amendment by the Senator from more than $45,000 per participant. The the chief executive officer of the Cor- Maryland, I do not take exception to Navy has a wonderful Seaborne Con- poration, to provide the subcommittee the rationale that the Senator from servation Corps. It costs $66,715 per par- with workable options to save the Cor- Maryland or the Senator from Massa- ticipant. That, to me, is a pretty ex- poration because she suggested that chusetts gave for the necessity of pro- pensive volunteer program. perhaps the request for 1996 was unreal- moting a great American tradition of AmeriCorps, across the board, costs $20 istic. voluntarism. I do not take exception to per hour. HHS projects cost $33 an I do not know if Mr. Segal has re- their points that we need to promote a hour. The Navy project costs $49 an sponded but in the amendment that communitarian spirit within our Amer- hour. That, Madam President, is for a has been offered by the Senator from ican society. I do not find any fault volunteer. Maryland, I commend her because she with anyone who says that we ought to When the program was authorized 2 have as a characteristic Americans giv- years ago, it was authorized as an ex- has demanded they come up with a plan, they come up with a program, to ing back to the community, because we pansion upon the concept of volunta- receive a lot from the community. rism. Certainly, I believe and support show how they can be effective in a I do not find any fault with helping voluntarism in this country. It has new, reconfigured, smaller, leaner people to get education. I do not find made our country great. Most of us process. would not be elected to this body, or I can assure you that if the adminis- any fault with what I have seen on tel- any other body, if we did not have vol- tration wants to save this program, it evision for the most part, although untary support in our campaigns. Most is going to have to be reconfigured. It lately there have been some stories good works in the community would will have to be slimmer. It will have to that are real boondoggles within these not go forward without voluntarism. get rid of the abuses. programs. Over the vast amount of the But it would be cheaper for the Federal The champion of this effort to reform TV coverage of this program, I do not Government to simply pay salaries for the program and make it more effi- find one program of voluntarism that I additional staff members for not-for- cient and less abusive of the process find fault with. profit agencies than to continue this has been the Senator from Iowa, who is Compare what it costs with what the program. prepared to speak. He has invited the managers and the President said that We do have good programs that assist Corporation, administration officials, it would cost. We have a program that, in voluntarism. The VISTA program in to work with him and with me on re- according to the General Accounting the Labor-HHS Subcommittee is one structuring the program to ensure its Office, is costing $26,650 per position. that I have seen work. You have to survival. Now, the workers get about $13,000 have some paid people to organize vol- The latest I have heard, they simply plus. unteers. Yes, that is one of the things responded that it was OK that Federal We are in a position where the Presi- you do have to have—somebody to help volunteers were paid $66,000 a year—— dent said 1 Federal dollar would lever- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time organize people to make sure the vol- age 1 private-sector dollar. The General of the Senator has expired. unteer efforts are effective. I agree Accounting Office says that only 8 per- Mr. BOND. With that, Madam Presi- with that program. But this is dif- cent of the $26,650 comes from the pri- dent, I yield to the Senator from Iowa ferent. This is paying people to be vol- vate sector. 30 minutes, and ask the Senator to re- unteers. To me, they are no longer vol- So we have a program that is 40 per- unteers. serve such time as he does not use. cent or more in overhead and adminis- The point was made very eloquently Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, trative costs, bureaucratic costs, when by the distinguished Senator from Mas- first of all, the job that the Senator sachusetts that voluntarism is only for from Maryland and the Senator from that money could better be used going the wealthy, unless you are paid. I do Missouri have on this entire budget to the worker. If you want to compare not agree with that. The figures are that is within the jurisdiction of their this whole program with another use of that over 80 million Americans are en- subcommittee is a very difficult proc- the money that I do not think we gaged in volunteer work. I know people ess. They are fitting all the needs that would find any fault with, at $26,650 we from all parts of the economic scale, come within those programs within the can finance 18 Pell grants for one per- all up and down the spectrum of 602(b) allocation they have been given. son being educated under the provi- wealth, who volunteer. They volunteer I commend the chairman for the fine sions of AmeriCorps. in churches and schools and commu- work that he has done on this bill and This program is not coming out of nity organizations, community better- how pleased I am to work with him in the pipeline according to the rhetoric ment projects, in programs that they reforming the AmeriCorps Program. He that it went into the pipeline. We need think are important. And these people has a tough budget problem. to refocus this program so that the volunteer regardless of how much they We have a program here, AmeriCorps, money goes to those who are volun- have in the way of economic resources, that has not worked out the way the teering and that the programs are or even paychecks. administration has said it would work within the $13,000 of Federal costs that Voluntarism is the spirit of America. out. I think that is why we are calling the President and the Director said But it is not paid voluntarism. Let me for either reinventing this program they would.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14255 This is a period of time when there is paid $500 for a hammer. But the Congress about reforming a great need to establish very stringent AmeriCorps pays $42,758 for a volunteer AmeriCorps and more efficiently using budget priorities. The middle-class in new England. scarce tax dollars. American taxpayers are asking us to There is no disputing the fact that The administration, at the last hour, balance the budget. They want us to the coffeepots, the toilet seats, and the at least has responded to our letter make sure that good use is made of hammers at the Department of Defense today. My letter was sent on August 29. their taxpayers’ money. Hard-working actually work. They actually work. The administration has finally sent a taxpayers should not have to fund There is no doubt in my mind that the letter in response. Frankly, the letter $18.26 for every hour of community volunteers under AmeriCorps at the says nothing. The administration has service by Government-paid volun- Seaborne Corp., or the Magic Me, or wrapped up its same tired lines and ex- teers. the Youth Conservation Corps will cuses with a new ribbon. Sadly, it of- This Congress is committed to set- work. But what we in Government fers nothing new in the way of cooper- ting priorities that would say the have to do is find a more wise way to ating with Congress or finding the money ought to be within the cost that use the taxpayer dollars, whether it is common ground that is the President’s the program was enunciated. These with the $7,600 coffeepot at the Depart- watchword of the last 2 months. were programs that were going to cost ment of Defense or whether it is the In sum, the administration’s re- much, much less than $18.26. These are $66,000 volunteer in AmeriCorps. sponse says continue to waste the tax- good goals, but it is a high priced My long experience is that when the payers’ money on these $66,000 volun- method to accomplish the goals of vol- Department of Defense and their sup- teers, continue to hire over 2,000 volun- untarism when we have $26,650-a-year porters are confronted with a $500 ham- teers to work for the Federal Govern- costs per position. If we keep the Fed- mer story, they at least claim that ment, and continue to spend half of the eral costs within the $13,000, that there will be an end to business as money on overhead and administration means we are not going to have the usual. They state that there are going instead of helping young people pay for high bureaucratic overhead that we to be reforms. Frankly, sometimes college. have in this program that is pointed these reforms are real and sometimes It reminds me of the story of the em- out by the General Accounting Office. they are not very real at the Pentagon. peror’s clothes. Everyone in the admin- That is the main reason for my letter Here with AmeriCorps, we have an istration is just too afraid to tell the to the President, that he needs to re- amendment that says all is well—that President that AmeriCorps has no invent this program or face losing it. there is nothing wrong with paying clothes, that it is a boondoggle, at I rise in strong opposition to this nearly $50 an hour for service to the least from the standpoint of these amendment. This is an amendment community, nothing wrong with 50 per- high-paying jobs, at least from the that, if passed, would undermine ef- cent cost overruns, and nothing wrong standpoint that it is not fitting within forts to reform AmeriCorps and only with the taxpayers footing 92 percent the $13,000 of Federal costs that the ensure that the taxpayers’ money con- of the bill. When it comes to President defined as what the programs tinues to be wasted in this program. AmeriCorps, $1 of Federal money was would cost, at least from the stand- I hope I come to the floor with some going to leverage $1 of private sector point of $1 of Federal money not credibility on the issue of trying to contribution to the program. This leveraging $1 from the private sector. consistently support the wise use of amendment is the same as Congress The amendment that is before us, as taxpayers’ money. I hope, as has been saying $500 hammers are completely well intended as it might be to con- said by some critics of our effort to re- acceptable, and voting to increase the tinue the promotion of the invent this program, that it is not a Pentagon’s hardware budget. communitarian spirit in America, is political attack by Republicans on the I do not find such waste of taxpayers’ really just a continuation of the status President’s most-favored program. money acceptable at the Pentagon, and quo of business as usual. I remind my colleagues that I have I do not find it acceptable at the My colleagues should clearly under- fought for many years against waste of AmeriCorps Program. stand though that this amendment is the taxpayers’ money, particularly in So, as I said, I wrote to President not the life or death of AmeriCorps. the Reagan and Bush administration. I Clinton last month offering to work This is about whether there will be a fought against waste in the Pentagon. with him to reinvent the AmeriCorps reform of AmeriCorps to stop the waste I still continue my efforts to watchdog Program. I asked him to sit down with of the taxpayers’ money. the taxpayers’ money at the Depart- Congress and work cooperatively with There will be long discussions with ment of Defense. us in finding ways to have the the administration regarding the VA– It was well over a year ago before AmeriCorps Program meet original HUD appropriations bill. I am con- there was such a political price on this goals as defined by the President of the fident that there will be funding for program that I started looking into the United States—not by anybody in this AmeriCorps when the day is done. This AmeriCorps Program, this program Congress—by the goals that he hoped amendment is about whether we will that is administered by the Corpora- to achieve and the costs of those pro- undercut efforts to reform this pro- tion for National Service. grams, and the amount that would gram. Similar to the Department of Defense come from the private sector and the So I strongly urge my colleagues to under Reagan, AmeriCorps is one of the amount that would come from the tax- vote against this amendment. I want fastest growing programs in the budg- payers. them to vote for protecting the tax- et. The administration wants to spend Unfortunately, while the President payers’ money. I want them to be able billions over the next several years of has found the time to give inspiring to help more young people attend col- taxpayer dollars on this program. Just speeches in support of AmeriCorps, he lege. At the same time, I think we as with the Pentagon, I found that has found no time to roll up his sleeves ought to take into consideration that there was a tremendous waste in the and find common ground with the Con- while we are talking about preserving AmeriCorps Program. In many cases, gress. It is unfortunate at a time when 20,000 AmeriCorps positions, for every AmeriCorps gives the Pentagon a run I asked for common ground with the one AmeriCorps position, you want to for its money in the boondoggle depart- President that he is giving speeches all remember that there are 190 young ment. For example, while the Air Force over the country wanting to find com- Americans, totaling up I think to 3.9 paid $7,600, as this chart shows, for a mon ground with the Republican Con- million Americans, young Americans, I coffee pot, the AmeriCorps Program gress, but never does the common want to emphasize—that is by our De- managed to work with the Navy to ground of the President ever seem to be partment of Commerce figures—who produce a $66,715 volunteer. the same common ground that we ask volunteer every year without getting As we remember from a few years for from here. paid for it. ago, the Department of Defense bought It is unfortunate that many young We need to remind these volunteers a $600 toilet seat. But the AmeriCorps people could be denied assistance to go who do not get paid that their work is workers give us a $49,652 volunteer. The to college because the administration worthy work, even though they do not Department of Defense a few years ago has refused to sit down and talk with get paid. The best way I know to do

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14256 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 that is to make sure that the Presi- I should point out that the figure he and too often I think we pander to the dent’s objective is met of having these uses of $27,000 is the total amount, in- greed. It is easy. But we should be ap- positions paid relatively small cluding tools and equipment. For ex- pealing to the noble. And that is what amounts of money to earn a stipend to ample, Judy Wagner of my staff just this program does. I think it is a good go to college, to leverage $1 of private gave me a report where in one commu- program. sector money for every $1 of Federal nity they built a farmers’ market. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- money spent, and staying within those That includes all the aid equipment. In ator’s time has expired. guidelines that the President set—not terms of Federal expenditures, it Mr. SIMON. If I may have 30 addi- that we set—is the best way to show amounts to $17,600 per volunteer. That tional seconds. the 3.9 million young people who volun- is a very different thing. Ms. MIKULSKI. I will be happy to teer that their work is appreciated as Second, I point out to both Senator yield the Senator an additional well. GRASSLEY and my colleague from Mis- minute. Mr. SIMON. I thank my colleague. Perhaps we can accomplish the Presi- souri, Senator BOND, that some of the I remember—and I am sure Senator dent’s goals of young people being edu- abuses they have cited are of people MIKULSKI will remember—that during cated, promoting the communitarian who have worked for the Federal Gov- the 1992 campaign when Bill Clinton spirit, helping people in need, without ernment. The Mikulski amendment was going around making speeches, the jeopardizing either the public sector knocks out service for Federal agen- one line in his speech that got enthusi- attempt to do that or a gigantic pri- cies, and I think properly so. So that astic applause was when he said, ‘‘We vate sector attempt that has been moves us in the right direction. are going to establish a volunteer serv- characteristic of American society for Back when I was a Member of the ice corps.’’ I do not imagine the Pre- decades before there was ever a Presi- House, I held hearings on this whole siding Officer was at any of those ral- dent Clinton. idea of service, and one of the people lies and did not hear that line, but it I yield back my unused portion of the who testified was Harris Wofford, our was a response from the American peo- 30 minutes and yield the floor. former colleague, who then was Presi- ple. They like the idea of appealing to Ms. MIKULSKI addressed the Chair. dent of Bryn Mawr College in Pennsyl- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- people to volunteer for things. vania. I would, frankly, today vote for Now, if there are improvements that ator from Maryland. a 1-year requirement for everyone to Ms. MIKULSKI. Madam President, I should be made in the program—and serve this Nation in some capacity, and am about to yield 4 minutes to the there probably are—let us make the if you wanted to serve in the military, Senator from Illinois, a staunch sup- improvements. I think the Mikulski you got a little extra incentive of some porter of national service. He has been amendment makes some of those im- kind or another, but you had to work waiting patiently. provements. But let us not kill the pro- Before the Senator from Iowa leaves for a mental hospital or park district gram. That is what we do without an the floor, I would like to say three or something. Frankly, it was good for amendment. So I hope my colleagues things. First, I know that the Senator me when I served in the Army for 2 will vote for the Mikulski amendment. is not out to torpedo the program but years to come and be in a mix with a Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I support to reform the program. He was one of great many people, and I think it is the mission of AmeriCorps. I have met the first to raise concerns about the good for others. the people, young and old, partici- In terms of return on investment, I program, and as he recalls, I joined pating in Vermont’s program, and I quote Stan Litow, an IBM executive, with him in the GAO report. have seen the benefits in their faces I also have in my possession the let- who reviewed the cost-benefit study and in the benefits in their faces and in ters that he did send to the President and came to the conclusion that this the communities they serve. asking for a reformed framework. I program is sound. ‘‘This program Engaging Americans of all ages to would like to recognize and acknowl- works,’’ he said. help communities solve their own prob- edge the validity of the Senator’s con- Senator BOND made a reference to lems is a worthy goal. AmeriCorps cerns about that, and I think the Sen- CETA. The CETA Program, frankly, builds a sense of community responsi- ator should have gotten a better re- was for unemployed people. This is a bility and is certainly a better invest- sponse. I think I was owed a better re- very different thing, and it brings in ment than the $1 billion this Congress sponse. people to work together in areas where plans to spend for each B–2 bomber. Third, I wish to say to the Senator, they have not often worked. This is dif- The greatest threat facing our cities however, if this amendment goes down, ferent from the VISTA Program. There and towns today is the loss of a sense national service is zeroed out. So it is obviously much cooperation. of community responsibility. The best will not be about reforming national I remember being in an impoverished weapon against rising crime, hunger, service; it will be about ending na- area of Cincinnati. I walked into a lit- and illegitimacy is for every American tional service. So we will talk more. tle, one-person store, and there was a to take an active interest in their com- But I would like to thank the Sen- man explaining to this person who was munity. ator for his work on this issue. I think running the store how to keep books. I AmeriCorps provides inspiration by he raises important points. We disagree walked out, and I thanked him for vol- inviting Americans to give something on the amendment. unteering to do this. He told me at back—to reestablish the local ties that I also thank the Senator for the tone that point he was the treasurer of have been so important to this coun- in which he presented this argument. I Procter & Gamble, and he said, ‘‘I try. I cannot think of a better program think good people can engage in this should thank you.’’ He said, ‘‘I didn’t to invest Federal dollars in. kind of conversation with civility and really understand our country until I Senator MIKULSKI has been a tireless keep the focus on the issues. So I would volunteered.’’ advocate of the AmeriCorps Program, just like to thank him. I think we have to learn about one which now has 20,000 participants from Having said that, I yield 4 minutes to another more than we are. We are all different backgrounds. The accom- the Senator from Illinois. going to have to learn what it is like in plishments of those participants are The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. another neighborhood. I think this is evident everywhere. THOMPSON). The Senator from Illinois part of that. I read in—this may sur- The 130 AmeriCorps members in is recognized for 4 minutes. prise the Presiding Officer—one of Vermont are fighting hunger and mal- Mr. SIMON. I thank my colleague Rush Limbaugh’s books—and I confess nutrition, improving trails and wildlife from Maryland, Mr. President and to having purchased two of his books habitat in the Green Mountain Na- Members of the Senate. and giving him a little bit of royalty— tional Forest, and helping rural com- First, I wish to say Senator GRASS- he said, ‘‘We are not being asked to munities develop fire protection plans. LEY has contributed in the area of sacrifice as Americans today.’’ I think Others are helping troubled youths get waste in the area of defense, no ques- he is correct, and this is a way of back on their feet and aiding the blind. tion about it. And when he talks about bringing out the noble in people. AmeriCorps is an experiment that is waste, I think we have to take it seri- Government leaders can appeal to ei- working. The least we can do is to ously. ther the noble or the greed in all of us, allow that experiment to continue.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14257 I urge my colleagues to support Sen- it did not claim that the three were rep- cial benefits divided by social costs) or as ator MIKULSKI’S amendment providing resentative of all AmeriCorps*USA pro- net benefits (that is, social benefits less so- funding for the Corporation for Na- grams. The study estimated that these pro- cial costs). The expression of net benefits is tional Service in 1996. grams returned between $1.68 and $2.58 for more straightforward. When the comparison each dollar invested. is expressed as a ratio, decision must be Ms. MIKULSKI. Senator LEAHY has Based on concerns you and others have made about costs that can affect the ratio. been a longstanding supporter of na- raised about the study, you asked us to For example, if building a bridge will result tional service. I appreciate his re- evaluate it. We agreed to provide an over- in time saved by commuters or delivery marks. view of benefit-cost analysis; evaluate how trucks, this can be seen as a benefit—time Mr. President, much has been raised the study’s specific methodology compares gained—or as a negative cost—reduced time about the concerns over the fiscal re- with that of other benefit-cost analyses, and lost. Whether it is included as a benefit or as sponsibility of national service, and assess the study’s conclusions. a negative cost affects the magnitude of the the GAO report, I believe, shows that To develop this information, we reviewed ratio but not the underlying economic basis we are getting a dollar’s worth of serv- the study, held extensive discussions with for any decision-making process. the authors and used some of the study’s Benefit-cost analysis results are typically ices for a dollar’s worth of taxes. In the data to try to replicate its results. However, very sensitive to the underlying assump- interest, also, of not running up the in most cases we accepted the study’s cal- tions. For example, a small change in the in- printing cost of the Federal Govern- culations as given and did not verify them. terest rate used to discount a stream of fu- ment, I would like to include only the We did our work in August 1995 in accord- ture benefits or costs can have a large im- executive summary of the GAO report ance with generally accepted government pact on the outcome of such an analysis.4 In in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. auditing standards. addition, including or excluding certain I ask unanimous consent that the ex- BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS: AN OVERVIEW items from either costs or benefits can great- ecutive summary of the GAO report on Economists typically use benefit-cost anal- ly change the results. the Corporation for National and Com- ysis to evaluate the worth of particular in- OUR ANALYSIS OF THE KORMENDI GARDNER munity Service be printed in the vestment projects. Calculating the ratio of STUDY The goal of the benefit-cost study was to RECORD. expected benefits to expected costs is one There being no objection, the sum- method analysts can use to provide policy- calculate the ratio of social benefits, net of nonfederal costs, to federal costs. On the mary was ordered to be printed in the makers with evidence as to whether a project is worth undertaking. The analysis basis of our review of the study and con- RECORD, as follows: results in a benefit-to-cost ratio that is ei- versations with the authors, we believe the U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE, ther greater than 1 (meaning the project re- overall approach of the study appears to be HEALTH, EDUCATION AND HUMAN turns more than $1 per $1 invested) or less consistent with this goal. Rather than divid- SERVICES DIVISION, than 1 (meaning that less than $1 is returned ing gross social benefits by gross social Washington, DC, September 7, 1995. per $1 invested). The analysis may also com- costs, it subtracted all nonfederal costs from Hon. CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, pare a variety of investments to see which the benefits and then calculated the ratio of Hon. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, one returns the greatest benefit per dollar of the resulting net benefits to federal costs. U.S. Senate. cost. The choice of what costs to subtract from The Corporation for National and Commu- Office of Management and Budget (OMB) the numerator, instead of adding to the de- nity Service (the Corporation) administers guidance on benefit-cost analysis of federal nominator, affects the magnitude of the the AmeriCorps*USA program, the largest programs 3 focuses on the entire economy, ratio, but it cannot affect whether the ratio national service volunteer program since the thus including net social benefits and costs. is above or below 1. Given the goal of the 1930s. AmeriCorps*USA participants perform Social benefits of federal programs are the study, the costs that are netted with benefits community services that match priorities value of the program’s output to private citi- in the numerator do not seem unreasonable. established by the Corporation, such as ad- zens, and this value is typically difficult to In addition to decisions about the place- dressing educational, environmental, and measure. Both direct and indirect benefits ment of costs in the numerator or denomi- public safety needs. The Corporation pro- are usually included in the analysis. A job- nator, specific assumptions and other meth- vides grants to individual programs, which training program, for example, may have the odological decisions used to calculate com- obtain additional resources from other fed- direct benefit of preparing individuals for ponents of the ratio affected the results of eral agencies, state and local governments, employment, thus raising their future earn- the study. Further, as the study appro- and the private sector. ings. It may also have an indirect benefit of priately recognized, without full program While there has been interest in assessing reducing welfare payments or crime rates, data, comparisons had to be made with his- AmeriCorps*USA’s cost-effectiveness, such assuming that, had the individuals not re- torical data for similar programs, and the an assessment is difficult because the pro- ceived training, some might have received outcome was influenced by the choice of gram has operated for less than a year. We welfare or committed crimes. Even when the comparisons. recently reported on total resources avail- social benefits of a project are clear, attach- The study’s methodology able to support AmeriCorps*USA programs ing a dollar value to them is often problem- The study summed three types of benefits in the 1994–95 program year and, to a lesser atic. deriving from the AmeriCorps*USA pro- extent, on benefits of certain programs. We Social costs of a federal program are op- grams: participant benefits, societal bene- found that total resources available for portunity costs—the value of the forgone fits, and net donor benefits. Participant ben- AmeriCorps*USA participant equaled about benefits had the program’s resources been al- efits included wages, fringe benefits, a ‘‘citi- $26,700 for program year 1994–95.1 We also located to their best alternative use. Pro- zenship’’ contribution,5 an education award,6 found that, at seven programs we visited, ducing an additional unit of the program’s and the value of future education made pos- participants were providing benefits to their output requires the reallocation of resources sible by the award. Societal benefits, as de- communities, but we did not attempt to away from other productive activity. The op- fined in the study, included all benefits that quantify these benefits. portunity cost of an additional unit of the accrued to nonparticipants, such as in- Recently, in an effort to provide perspec- program’s output equals the sacrificed tive on the potential cost-effectiveness of creased educational attainment or reduced amount of some other productive activity’s crime and welfare incidence for children who AmeriCorps*USA programs, a benefit-cost output occasioned by the resource realloca- study was conducted of three were tutored by AmeriCorps*USA partici- tion. For example, if money used for a fed- pants. Net donor benefits equaled 0, because AmeriCorps*USA programs based on short- eral job-training program were obtained by term and projected data.2 The benefit-cost donor benefits were assumed to equal donor reallocating funds earmarked for a federal costs. The study then compared this sum study was commissioned by financial spon- bridge-building program, the opportunity sors of the three AmeriCorps*USA programs with federal costs. To illustrate, we present cost of the job-training program would be these components, along with their values it examined. The sponsors wanted more in- the value of the services that the new formation about benefits derived from the for one of the programs, Project First, in bridges would have provided. table 1. programs relative to program costs. These Comparing social benefits with social costs Table 1.—Benefits and Costs for Project First programs were AmeriCorps for Math and Lit- allows policymakers to determine whether eracy, which targets at-risk children from the value of the output or services gained Item kindergarten through second grade in Ohio from a program is greater than the benefits Value Benefits and Texas schools; East Bay Conservation sacrificed elsewhere when resources are re- Participant benefits ...... $25,976 Corps, which addresses environmental needs allocated. When the social benefits of a pro- in California; and Project First, which pro- Wages and fringe benefits ...... 9,804 gram exceed the social costs, there is a net Federally paid ...... 8,211 vides access to computers for students in gain to society from taking resources from Georgia, New York, and North Carolina. The Donor-paid ...... 1,593 elsewhere in the economy and devoting them Citizenship ...... 8,195 study analyzed each program separately, and to the program. Education award ...... 4,725 The comparison of benefits to costs can be Future education ...... 3,252 Footnotes at end of article. expressed as a benefit-cost ratio (that is, so- Net societal benefits ...... 26,330

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0655 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14258 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Value benefit-cost ratio, it could not make it fall they believed we had characterized the study Net donor benefits ...... 0 below 1, and the measure of net social bene- fairly. They thought our breakdown of the Donor benefits ...... 10,350 fits would be unaffected. benefit and cost components was helpful in ¥ (Less) donor costs ...... 10,350 Other methodological decisions could affect illuminating their methodology. They benefit-cost ratios agreed that their results were sensitive to Total benefits ...... $52,306 methodological issues such as the choice of Costs The study made several other assumptions comparison groups. They emphasized, how- Federally paid participant costs .. $12,396 and methodological choices that affect the ever, that a balanced view—which they be- Federally paid wages and fringe benefit-cost ratios. The study failed to recog- lieved was taken in this correspondence— benefits ...... 8,211 nize the costs associated with raising tax Education award (federally revenues to pay for new government spend- recognizes that this sensitivity goes in both paid) ...... 4,725 ing programs. We also believe it may have directions. They said that they stood by Federally paid overhead costs ..... 7,789 made an optimistic assumption in one case their overall conclusions that their results about results of AmeriCorps*USA partici- were reasonable and conservative. The au- Total costs ...... $20,725 pants’ work. In addition, as the study noted, thors believe that this type of study should To determine the benefit-cost ratio for benefit-cost ratios given in the study did not be undertaken for other AmeriCorps*USA Project First, the study netted nonfederal incorporate certain unquantifiable benefits, programs and for similar federal programs. costs and benefits in the numerator rather which would raise the reported ratios if they We are sending copies of this correspond- than including gross benefits in the numer- could be included. ence to the Chief Executive Officer of the ator and gross costs in the denominator. For Loss associated with generating tax revenues Corporation for National and Community example, the benefits for donors of matching Economists recognize that there are costs Service, the authors of the study, appro- funds were assumed to equal the costs, and associated with raising tax revenues to pay priate congressional committees, and other they were netted in the numerator. for a new spending program. These costs can interested parties. If you have any questions A more complex example is the partici- arise, for example, as some people change or would like to discuss this material fur- pant’s ‘‘future education’’ component. Ac- their behavior to avoid paying more taxes. ther, please call me or Cornelia M. cording to our conversations with the au- OMB cites an estimated loss of 25 percent Blanchette, Associate Director, at (202) 512– thors, this component was the difference be- due to the process of generating the reve- 7014 or James R. White, Acting Chief Econo- tween (1) future earnings the participant will nues, and it recommends calculating supple- mist, at (202) 512–6209. Major contributors to have with the additional education made mentary benefit-cost ratios including this this correspondence were Wayne B. Upshaw, possible by the education award and (2) fu- adjustment to costs. Increasing the pro- Assistant Director; Harold J. Brumm, senior ture earnings he or she would have had in grams’ cost by 25 percent would diminish the economist; and James W. Spaulding, senior the absence of the award.7 The authors also benefit-cost ratio. evaluator, (202) 512–7035. told us they calculated the difference be- Perry project comparison CORNELIA M. BLANCHETTE, tween these earnings streams net of the par- As an estimate of future gains for pre- (For Linda G. Morra, Director, ticipant’s labor costs during the year in school students whom AmeriCorps*USA par- Education and Employment Issues). AmeriCorps*USA—that is, the future edu- ticipants tutored, the study used results FOOTNOTES cation benefit component was calculated from the Perry Preschool Project, an inten- 1 National Service Programs: AmeriCorps*USA—Early subtracting out the participant’s labor costs sive intervention in a particular school in Program Resource and Benefit Information (GAO/ for the program year. The difference between the 1960s on which much long-term research HEHS–95–222, Aug. 29, 1995). This figure excludes pri- the earnings streams did not include the ben- has been conducted. The intensity of effort vate in-kind contributions. efits produced during the year; these were in- in the Perry Project appeared to be much 2 George R. Neumann, Roger C. Kormendi, Robert cluded as societal benefits. Because the costs greater than in the AmeriCorps*USA pro- A. Tamura, and Cyrus J. Gardner, The Benefits and Costs of National Service: Methods for Benefit Assess- that were subtracted were federal costs, they grams. Comparison with some prior research is necessary, but it may have been optimistic ment With Application to Three AmeriCorps Programs had to be added back into the numerator to (Washington, D.C.: Kormendi/Gardner Partners, calculate the desired ratio—social benefits, to use the results from the Perry Project. 1995). net of nonfederal costs, relative to federal This concern with the study has been raised 3 OMB Circular A–94, Revised Transmittal Memo- 9 costs. While the logic the authors described previously in another assessment. randum 64 (Oct. 29, 1992). to us is understandable, we did not verify the Benefits that could not be quantified 4 The discount rate is used to compute the present details of all of the computations. As the study notes, some benefits of value of future benefits or costs. Even in the absence AmeriCorps*USA projects could not be quan- of inflation, a dollar today is worth more than one The choice of which costs to net out of receivable in the future. For example, if the appro- benefits, in the numerator, and which to in- tified and thus were not accounted for in the priate discount rate is 4 percent, then a payment of clude as costs, in the denominator, is an im- benefit-cost ratios. During site visits we con- $1 receivable in 10 years is worth only 68 cents portant one. For example, according to the ducted as part of our earlier study, we ob- today. study, the net value of future education for served benefits that may also apply to the 5 The ‘‘citizenship’’ contribution was an estimate a Project First participant was $3,252. This three programs the study analyzed, includ- of the difference between what AmeriCorps*USA was approximately the difference, for the av- ing strengthening communities and fostering participants received as compensation for their serv- ice and the larger amount that they could receive if erage participant, between a discounted life- civic responsibility. Inclusion of an estimate for the value of these benefits would raise employed at their market wage. The study counted time income of $745,040 with the additional this as a participant benefit because participants education and $741,790 in the absence of the the reported benefit-cost ratios. One of the were assumed to derive a benefit in order to be will- additional education. One way to measure limitations of benefit-cost analysis is that ing to accept the lower compensation level. The gross benefits and gross costs would be to in- intangible benefits such as these cannot eas- study noted that this could be considered a societal clude $745,040 as part of the benefit and ily be incorporated into the analysis. benefit instead, because it was in effect a donation ASSESSMENT OF STUDY’S CONCLUSIONS from the participant to society. $741,790 as the lifetime opportunity cost of 6 The study concluded that programs such as AmeriCorps*USA participants receive an edu- producing that benefit. This methodology cation award, which can be used to pay future high- would probably not be an improvement over the three AmeriCorps*USA programs it re- er education expenses or to repay student loans, that of the study; these dollar figures would viewed ‘‘generally can be an important soci- upon successful completion of their service. For a dominate the ratio relative to other benefits etal investment’’ because the benefit-cost ra- full-time participant, the value of the award is $4,725 and costs, placing undue importance on this tios exceeded 1 ‘‘by a substantial margin.’’ per year of service, for a maximum of 2 years. aspect of the entire study. As we pointed out earlier, the magnitude of 7 The study assumed only a portion of the partici- The valuation of benefits deriving from the ratios depends in part on the assump- pants would actually attain more education because tions and methodological choices that are of the award—the results were for the average—and private donations would be optimistic if the income streams were discounted back to the these donations were partly offset by federal made. Even if the three AmeriCorps*USA current year. tax deductions. For private sector donors, if programs’ benefit-cost ratios exceeded 1, in 8 When matching donations come from the public part of the benefit were derived from tax de- an era of constrained federal budgets, the ra- sector, the issues are more complicated. According ductions, the lost tax revenue should be tios should be compared with those of other to the authors, no non-Corporation federal, state, or counted as a cost if taxpayers ultimately programs performing similar services, such local government funds were involved for the pro- have to make up for it. The authors told us as Volunteers in Service to America grams in the study. However, one of the three was a program we sampled for our previous review, and that for the three programs analyzed in the (VISTA), to see whether AmeriCorps*USA is a more efficient program. As the authors much of the matching funds it reported to us came study, this factor was not relevant because from local government sources. Our data were gath- private donations came from tax-exempt concluded, the three programs they analyzed ered more recently than the data the authors had, foundations, but this point should be kept in would appear to be worthwhile federal in- which may explain the discrepancy. mind for future analyses.8 In addition, as vestments. But until comparisons with other 9 David W. Murray and Thomas Riley, ‘‘Costs and with the value of future education discussed programs are done, decisionmakers will not Benefits of National Service: Unanswered Ques- above, an alternative calculation could in- know whether there are preferable uses of tions’’ (Washington, D.C.: Statistical Assessment federal funds. Service, 1995). See also George R. Neumann, Roger C. clude only donor benefits in the numerator Kormendi, Robert F. Tamura, and Cyrus J. Gardner, STUDY AUTHORS COMMENTS and include donor costs in the denominator, ’ ‘‘Response to STATS’ Unanswered Questions’’ rather than netting them to 0 in the numer- In commenting on a draft of this cor- (Washington, D.C.: Kormendi/Gardner Partners, ator. While this would reduce the measured respondence, the study’s authors told us that 1995).

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14259 Mr. DODD. I am pleased to rise in think that the maternity hospital I If this is the kind of results we are strong support of the Mikulski amend- helped construct has made a lasting obtaining with only 1 year of experi- ment to restore funding for the Cor- difference in that community. But I ence, I think it is only fair that we let poration for National and Community certainly know that the experience this program continue for some period Service and for AmeriCorps. made an incredible difference in my of time to better evaluate its perform- Mr. President, given all of the atten- life. ance. tion focused on this issue, it is hard to Mr. President, the benefits of na- Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I rise believe that AmeriCorps is just 2 years tional and community service may be today in support of the amendment of- old. lost here in Congress, but they are not fered by my colleague from Maryland However, AmeriCorps has already lost on the American public. The vast which restores $425 million to created a lasting legacy in thousands majority of Americans support the AmeriCorps. of American communities. Through the AmeriCorps Program. A recent Gallop Let me begin by saying that if the work of over 20,000 full-time energetic Poll showed that 91 percent of Ameri- Senate is interested in engaging in a and talented volunteers, needy children cans supported national service. A Los productive debate on the accomplish- are receiving tutoring, mentoring and Angeles Times poll indicated that 70 ments of AmeriCorps—and on real sug- other assistance, our national parks percent of Americans like this pro- gestions for improving the program —I are cleaner, streets are safer and thou- gram—including 60 percent of Repub- would welcome that debate. Very few sand of homes have been rehabilitated licans and conservatives. programs managed by government at for families in need. Mr. President, we cannot afford to any level couldn’t be made better, and The Corporation for National and lose this program to the pitfalls of par- wouldn’t benefit from an ongoing pub- Community Service has also harnessed tisan infighting. I would hope my col- lic review. The amendment offered by the efforts of 500,000 senior volunteers leagues would join me in voting for the the Senator from Maryland both saves and nearly 350,000 school-age students Mikulski amendment. AmeriCorps and, in my judgement, im- who are today working in their com- Mr. CHAFEE. I want to offer my sup- proves it. munities helping to meet critical needs port for Senator MIKULSKI’s amend- And AmeriCorps is worth saving, Mr. in education, public safety, human ment. I was a skeptic of this program President. It is worth saving because, service and the environment. when it was first proposed. It sounded as the General Accounting Office stat- The Corporation’s efforts are already too expensive, and the concept of ed in its August l995 report, ‘‘at the making an incredible difference in stripended service seemed incongruous grantees’ sites we visited, we found America’s communities. In my State of with voluntarism. that the projects had been designed to Connecticut, AmeriCorps sponsors 20 That was before I had a chance to see strengthen communities, develop civic different programs. The largest, leader- the positive impact of this program on responsibility, and expand educational ship, education and athletics in part- the ground in my own State of Rhode opportunities for program partici- nership in New Haven, has 164 members Island. Young people from all walks of pants.’’ working with needy children providing life have gone into a number of com- How do we identify the catalysts for tutoring and mentoring. During the munities to help clean up neighbor- vesting our people in our Nation? How summer months, many of the volun- hoods, improve the literacy of inner can we encourage our children to feel teers live in the community housing city school children, and to improve an obligation and a responsibility to projects and work with the children public safety and the environment. contribute to the strength and security throughout the summer months. Let me give you an example of what of America throughout their lives? A recent study of the work of just 8 we are finding in Rhode Island. Two Military service is one way. And ci- percent of AmeriCorps volunteers years ago, Marilyn Concepcion was a vilian national service is another. found the volunteers were having an high school dropout. Getting that far What does America get from a single extraordinary impact. Nearly 8,000 pre- was an accmplisment; no one in her individual’s intense and all encom- school and elementary students were family had ever gone beyond the sixth passing period of service? tutored in basic education; 17,000 needy grade. This 19-year-old woman joined Is it possible that those who work for people were fed, and thousands of Rhode Island City Year, an AmeriCorps a year to combat illiteracy will be for- school hallways were made safer. program, to earn her GED certificate. ever committed to a good education for AmeriCorps has also made a signifi- With training from the City Year each child in the city or town in which cant difference in the lives of volun- staff, Concepcion began to tutor and they live? teers—who not only gain knowledge mentor a group of first graders. She Is it possible that those who work for and satisfaction from their work but taught them to read, taught English as a year to fight poverty will remember who also are able to pursue additional a second language, gave them insight forever the importance of opportunity? education and training and pay off stu- into the value of learing, the impor- Is it possible that those who work for dent loans. After devoting their ener- tance of an education. Some of these a year to hold together a crumbling gies to rebuilding their communities, children had never been given the type neighborhood will never forget the re- volunteers received a modest post-serv- of encouragement that Marilyn Con- sponsibility of every man and woman ice educational benefit of $4,725. cepcion provided. to build and to sustain? This makes a substantial difference The short-term impact Marilyn Con- It is my hope that national service for today’s students as student indebt- cepcion had on these children’s lives will be a catalyst for a lifetime of com- edness rises to alarming levels. More has been measurable. They pay atten- munity service. It is my hope that ex- than half of all AmeriCorps members tion more in school, their self-esteem periencing the tangible results of come from families with household in- has been increased. But the real im- strengthening and teaching will con- comes between $15,000 and $50,000—the pact, the most concrete effect on their vince our people that citizenship has average family income was $33,500 over- lives may not be felt for another 10 to value, that individuals who roll up all—the very families who find the edu- 12 years, when these children become their sleeves and enter the fray can cational award so important in helping members of the work force or go onto personally make something richer and to manage the spiraling costs of col- college. stronger. lege. Spurred by the positive influence With every national service slot we Mr. President, I know personally she’d had on her students, Marilyn fund, Mr. President, we give another what a difference voluntary service can Concepcion decided she wanted to go to American an intense, all encompassing, make in a young person’s life. Over 30 college. She applied to, and was accept- opportunity to serve. And by investing years ago, hundreds of young Ameri- ed by, Brown University. She became in them, we gamble that they will then cans answered President Kennedy’s call the first recipient of Brown’s offer to invest in us. to service in the Peace Corps. I was one match the $4,700 AmeriCorps edu- I am willing to take that gamble, Mr. of them, and was sent to the Domini- cational award—a challenge grant pro- President. I am willing to reach for can Republic for 2 of the most reward- gram just announced by a number of something to help fight this giant mal- ing years of my life. I would like to universities and colleges in our State. aise that seems to permeate so many of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14260 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 our citizens. I am willing to grab a tiny some people are going to fall through working to reduce the prevalence of particle of idealism and see how far we the cracks. The homeless programs are low birth weight, and promoting can take it. the safety net that catches them. healthy behaviors. I am willing to work to make Mr. President, earlier this year I had AmeriCorps members are also in- AmeriCorps better, Mr. President. And a chance to meet with Lucie McKinney volved in a West Virginia project called I am willing to oppose any attempt to and she reminded me of her late hus- Energy Express. This is an innovative eliminate its funding. band’s tireless efforts and determina- summer program for disadvantaged Churchill once said, ‘‘We make a liv- tion to end the cycle of homelessness. children that combines remedial edu- ing by what we get, we make a life by We must do all we can to continue cation and child nutrition. Energy Ex- what we give.’’ In national service, Mr. Stewart McKinney’s work. press also works to promote parental President, we allow our citizens to Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I involvement with a child’s education give. I urge my colleagues to support am proud to be a cosponsor of the which is a goal we all share. this important amendment. amendment to ensure the survival of I could go on and on about the ex- Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I AmeriCorps, today’s commitment to traordinary work by AmeriCorps and would like to take this opportunity to national service throughout the coun- the other service programs sponsored commend my friend, Senator SAR- try and in my State of West Virginia. in my State. We have more than 20,000 BANES, for his leadership on this issue, I was proud to be an original cosponsor West Virginians participating in public and lend my support to his amendment of the legislation that created service initiatives thanks to the lead- which would restore funding for home- AmeriCorps. ership and encouragement of the Cor- less assistance. I know something about the impor- poration for National and Community Mr. President, homelessness is a tance of public service because of the Service. There are 189 West Virginians problem that the American people VISTA program back in 1964. After in AmeriCorps, and others are involved want solved. The number of homeless President Kennedy issued his famous in VISTA, RSVP, the Retired and Sen- Americans has grown steadily over the call for serving our country, I went to ior Volunteer Program, and ‘‘Learn last three decades and it will continue West Virginia through the VISTA pro- and Service’’ in the schools. The Cor- to grow until we responsibly address gram and to a place called Emmon that poration for National and Community the issue of homelessness. Studies put changed the course of my life. Service weaves all of these important the number of homeless at more than AmeriCorps is a wise and meaningful incentives together. 600,000 people on any given night. It is investment in our country’s future. As we talk about the need to even more shocking to find that chil- Whenever I am home talking to West strengthen our communities and to dren are now the fastest growing por- Virginians of every age, I see heads nod solve problems at the grassroots, we tion of this homeless population. As a when the idea of national service should continue our support for caring Nation, we must no longer ig- comes up. West Virginians and our fel- AmeriCorps, which reflects this basic nore this growing and often overlooked low Americans believe in the values of goals. part of our population. I firmly believe service and responsibility, and Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- that every citizen deserves not only a AmeriCorps is a very exciting, impor- sent that two West Virginia articles be place to sleep at night, but a real op- tant way for these values to have printed in the RECORD. These pieces portunity to improve their lives. Our meaning. It is incredible to see this ap- tell the story of AmeriCorps in West national efforts must focus on helping propriations bill include a retreat from Virginia more eloquently than I can. There being on objection, the articles these families. one of the most exciting initiatives were ordered to be printed in the Senator SARBANES’ amendment re- taken in the recent years. We should be RECORD, as follows: stores $360 million for homeless assist- working together to renew and reinvig- ance funding to the fiscal year 1996 VA– orate service, especially by our young AMERICORPS COMES UNDER GOP SCRUTINY HUD appropriations bill, bringing the people, and not retreat from it. (By Cheryl Caswell) funding level back up to fiscal year 1995 There is a great deal of talk about Americorps, President’s Clinton’s pet levels. These funds will enable local solving problems at the local level and project for encouraging community service and education, is one the firing line as Re- governments, communities, and non- working in communities. I agree and I publicans carry out their program to slash profits to form comprehensive, flexible believe that AmeriCorps is one Federal government spending. and coordinated strategies for ending program that successfully delivers on But his first recruits may be too busy to homelessness. These funds will help this promise. For every Federal dollar pay much attention. local agencies leverage additional invested in AmeriCorps, we reap as In West Virginia, nearly 60 Americorps money needed to aid homeless people much as $2.60 in return. workers are studying archaeological sites with disabilities, create more housing While it is important to note that and inoculation records, building shelters, tutoring children, developing leadership and provide the services and facilities AmeriCorps is a cost-effective pro- clubs and drug prevention programs, house- needed to move people into situations gram, I know it is more compelling to cleaning for the handicapped, studying where they can live independently. talk about what AmeriCorps has done stream erosion and assisting farmers and do- Restoring homeless assistance fund- for communities. mestic violence victims. ing to 1995 levels is also an important In West Virginia, the AmeriCorps ‘‘The great value I got in it is that they are part of the authorizing committee’s ef- program places workers at seven do- not just doing work, but developing an emo- fort to reform HUD in general and spe- mestic violence shelters to help bat- tional tie to the community,’’ said Joan cifically to reform our delivery of tered women and children with a range Ambratte, director of the state Commission for National and Community Service. homeless assistance. Last year’s Sen- of issues. I have visited a shelter in ‘‘They are getting a sense that they are re- ate Banking Committee bill created a West Virginia and was deeply touched sponsible for the future,’’ she said. ‘‘And single formula grant program which by the need to help women and their these are the people who are going to take would replace the seven different cat- children caught in violent homes. This over as leaders in the next 30 years, the ones egorical grant programs at HUD. This is important community work, and who will step forward and serve in the legis- formula grant will allow better coordi- AmeriCorps is helping make a dif- lature and on boards.’’ Ambroge’s commission came under direct nation of homeless services at the local ference. assault by some state Republicans who level and facilitate better planning as My State also sponsors Project hoped to end its funding and end Americorps funding levels become more predict- HEALTH—Health Education Associ- here, but the appropriations passed. able. The VA–HUD bill allows for this ates Learning to Teach Health—which At the national level, many in the Repub- formula but does not provide adequate places 20 AmeriCorps members in 15 lican party are calling for a $416 million cut funding. The funds restored in this sites that focus on promoting health to the Americorps program. President Clin- amendment will raise homeless assist- care in rural areas. This is a unique ton has asked instead for a $300 million in- partnership program with the Kellogg crease and hopes to extend the program to ance funding to a level that will allow another 27,000 recruits. a formula approach to make sense. Foundation, my State, and ‘‘There are many critics of this,’’ she ad- Unfortunately, no matter how we re- AmeriCorps. AmeriCorps workers will mitted of the program labeled by Newt Ging- structure HUD, during the transition be promoting child immunizations, rich as ‘‘coerced volunteerism.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14261 ‘‘But few people can devote this much time ‘‘The volunteers have broken the belief lature enacted a bill continuing the West to community service. * * * the local level, that one person can’t make a difference,’’ Virginia Commission for National and Com- all non-profits are going to need more sup- she said. ‘‘They are doing real work and deal- munity Service to oversee the implementa- port. Americorps in the perfect vehicle for ing with the real challenges of change.’’ tion of AmeriCorps and to promote service that.’’ and volunteering in West Virginia. Debate on Americorps recruits workers for 1,700 AMERICORPS MEANS WIN, WIN, WIN that bill reported in this newspaper sug- hours—about a year—earning $4.50 or more (By Rachel Tompkins) gested that AmeriCorps members were mere- plus day care and medical benefits. At the Eric Stone, 22, thought he would never be ly overpaid baby sitters. That is simply not end of their term, they get a credit of $4,725 able to save enough money to go to college. it. I know it is fashionable today to be against to pay for education or existing college Many people told him he was bright, clearly government programs and especially fash- loans. college material, but no one in his family In Charleston, Sue Sayre, 50, is trading a ionable for Republicans to oppose this pro- had gone, so he had no example of how to do year of serving battered women for that pay- gram so closely identified with President it. Then he read about AmeriCorps. back. She intends to return to college next Today, Eric works as an AmeriCorps mem- Clinton. But AmeriCorps builds on America’s fall. ber at Chandler School Family Resource tradition of volunteerism and community ‘‘The money was an incentive,’’ she said. service, and adds a new program to the more Center and the Roger Switzer Community ‘‘But these women needed help. It’s a new ex- than 30 years of positive experiences of the Center in Kanawha County. He’s earning the perience every day for me.’’ Peace Corps, VISTA, the National Senior minimum wage and at the end of his year of There were more than 200 applicants for Corps and Learn and Serve. All of these pro- service, he will have an additional $4,725 in Sayre’s position alone. grams have had strong bipartisan support trust to spend on college. One more year of Hopeful recruits similarly stormed all of over the years. the Americorps hiring sites statewide—some service and he will have enough to pay his My hope is that West Virginia’s elected federal agencies and some non-profit organi- tuition and fees at a West Virginia public representatives state and federal, Republican zations. college. and Democrat will visit these programs, talk The federal directive for Americorps did In the past six months since AmeriCorps with AmeriCorps members, and consider the catch many of them short. It promised lots began in West Virginia, 30 AmeriCorps mem- value of the program to West Virginia citi- of money if they would use the government bers, like Eric, have been working in two zens and communities. Eric Stone and his funded volunteers. The deadlines to submit community-based organizations: the Re- colleagues will be happy to share their sto- requests for money and their plans to use it gional Family Resource Network in ries. Kanawha County and the Coalition Against sent the hopefuls scrambling to make it Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I rise work for them. Domestic Violence based in Sutton, Braxton ‘‘Part of the plan was that they were not County. An additional 30 AmeriCorps mem- today in strong support of my col- to do work that we were already doing with bers work in West Virginia for various U.S. leagues from Maryland’s amendment other personnel,’’ said Pat Bowman, who Department of Agriculture agencies, the that would restore funding to works for the national resources conserva- Children’s Health Fund in Cabell and Wayne AmeriCorps. tion service. ‘‘It was like, ‘Hey, it would be counties and the National Multiple Sclerosis I stand behind this program not from nice if we could have somebody to do this.’’’ Society. reading the glossy brochures that high- Bowen said his federal office greatly need- West Virginia AmeriCorps members range light its achievements. I believe in the ed someone to travel the state evaluating po- in age from 19 to 55. Some have GEDs, or are work that AmeriCorps does from seeing just out of college, while others have been tential archaeological sites that might be young adults in my State coming to- damaged by development, erosion or other out of school many years. All are committed means. When he secured funds and volun- to obtaining more education. Some of those gether for a common goal. I have met teers, he recruited a young man with a mas- working for the Coalition Against Domestic these students and witnessed their ac- ter’s degree in archaeology from the Univer- Violence are victims of abuse themselves. complishments, and must tell you that sity of Glasgow in Scotland. Some examples of AmeriCorps work in communities throughout my State are In fact, three of his five volunteers have West Virginia include: praising their work. master’s degrees, but Bowen doesn’t see that Reviewing 5,000 immunization records and From AmeriCorps members providing as out of line with the Americorps concept. scheduling 1,000 children for overdue immu- gang intervention in Olympia schools nizations. ‘‘If they could come out of school and get to rehabilitating damaged watersheds a job in their industry, they’d make a lot Scheduling two community health clinics more pay than we’re providing,’’ Bowen said. in underserved areas. in Lacey to providing emergency as- ‘‘But they all have a desire to provide service Expanding the Parents as Teachers pro- sistance to disabled elderly in Pasco to while they gain experience. It’s like a domes- gram. delivering meals to HIV-positive pa- tic Peace Corps.’’ Creating two new after-school programs tients in Tacoma, Americorps is work- Joetta Wright of Fairmont graduated from serving 84 children. ing across my State. West Virginia University with a bachelor’s Helping 100 families use a common applica- Let’s put the partisan politics behind degree in sociology. She began her graduate tion for a variety of social, health and edu- cation services. us. This is not anyone’s program. It is work and then quit for financial reasons. America’s program serving our Nation Now she works as an AmeriCorps volunteer Expanding programs about domestic vio- at a domestic violence shelter in her home- lence awareness in high schools in Southern by making our streets safer, our envi- town, answering the hotline and helping vic- West Virginia leading to four specific refer- ronment cleaner, our children tims. rals. healthier, and our schools better. Tommy Adkins, 21, is working with poor Providing multiple assistance to victims of Certainly, cries of deficit reduction Lincoln County residents to establish a bar- domestic violence on hot lines and in shel- have wrapped themselves around this ter system with their local businesses. He ters in eight communities. debate. However, the return on Amer- also spends part of his time in Jackson Coun- Unless the national budget cutters prevail, this program will expand in West Virginia ica’s Federal dollar has been proven to ty, trying to boost the business community be quite substantial in recent studies. there. during 1995 and serve twice as many In Kanawha County, five AmeriCorps vol- AmeriCorps members. As a taxpayer, an edu- A research report conducted last year unteers have helped to review more than cator and the parent of two college-age chil- by the Northwest Regional Educational 5,000 records of pre-schoolers at the dren, I’m convinced this program ought to be Laboratory looked at two Washington Kanawha-Charleston Health Department in continued and indeed, ought to expand. State Americorps projects in Hoquiam an attempt to catch them up on their inocu- AmeriCorps is a win, win, win program. and Lake Chelan. lations. First, local community groups apply for For every Federal dollar spent on Andy Johnston, coordinator of their work AmeriCorps members to support local these two AmeriCorps projects, a $2.40 projects that need extra help. No one in the for the Regional Family Resource Network, return can be expected. Even beyond said his agency got 18 volunteers altogether state or federal government tells commu- and hopes to see funding increased so they nities what they need. Second, AmeriCorps the many direct skills and experiences can add more. members who go to work for local groups get derived from AmeriCorps participants ‘‘What AmeriCorps can do is be the pickup things done. The jobs are real work that sim- that cannot be measured in dollars and piece that encourages people to go get more ply wouldn’t get done without the time and cents, monetary benefits were still education,’’ he said. talents of AmeriCorps members. AmeriCorps found to substantially exceed costs. Among Johnston’s recruits, one had once members also get important work experience Mr. President, I wonder how my col- been homeless. Three currently live in public that will help in future job searches. Finally, leagues can look these young people in each AmeriCorps member puts away $4,725 housing, and two receive public assistance the eye and tell them that Congress for their own children. Two are college grad- toward post-secondary education or toward uates, and one is seeking a master’s degree. paying off college loans. has pulled the plug on an opportunity ‘‘In West Virginia, we’re exceeding all our During the just concluded legislative ses- that shapes their future while improv- objectives,’’ said Ambrose, state director. sion, Gov. Caperton proposed, and the Legis- ing our communities. I strongly urge

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14262 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 my fellow Members to think critically ment is operating a Community Assist- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The about what we fund that truly makes a ing Policing program designed to en- clerk will call the roll. difference in the lives of our next gen- gage volunteers in education and out- The assistant legislative clerk pro- eration. Americorps is the answer that reach efforts to control and prevent ceeded to call the roll. provides a cost-effective solution to crime and to reduce fear in at-risk Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ask meeting many of our Nation’s con- communities. The GAO found that par- unanimous consent that the order for cerns. ticipants were involved in such the quorum call be rescinded. Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I rise projects as organizing a school Crime The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without in strong support of the amendment of- Awareness Day, teaching senior citi- objection, it is so ordered. fered by my colleague from Maryland, zens how to protect themselves from Ms. MIKULSKI. I ask the Presiding Senator MIKULSKI, to restore funding crime, and analyzing neighborhood Officer, how much time does my side to the Corporation for National and crime statistics to identify problem have left? Community Service. When the con- areas. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ference report on the National and The GAO also visited MAGIC ME ator has 20 minutes, 51 seconds. Community Service Trust Act of 1993 America, a nonprofit organization Ms. MIKULSKI. I would like to yield came before the Senate for final ap- founded in Baltimore in 1980. The cen- 8 minutes to the Senator from Massa- proval, I was proud to cast my vote in tral mission of the MAGIC ME organi- chusetts. And I look forward to his dis- favor of this important legislation and zation, which operated three cussions, as well as the chart. I am equally proud to stand before the AmeriCorps programs nationwide, is to Mr. KENNEDY. I thank the Senator Senate today to reaffirm my support motivate and educate teens by involv- from Maryland very much. for the Corporation and its mission. ing them in local community service Mr. President, I welcome the oppor- Signed into law on September 21, projects. The GAO reported that par- tunity to respond to some of the issues 1993, the National Service Act has ticipants in the MAGIC ME Program in and questions that have been raised helped to renew the ethic of civic re- Baltimore found that the program about the AmeriCorps and the costs for sponsibility and the spirit of commu- helped them to build their self-esteem this program. And I listened, even nity service while also providing crit- and confidence and that all three par- though I was not on the floor, to both ical assistance to needy communities ticipants interviewed planned to use the response by the Senator from throughout the Nation. The measure their education awards to start or re- Maryland as well as the Senator from has also encouraged and, more impor- turn to college. Additionally, staff Illinois, Senator SIMON, about some of tantly, provided the opportunity for members at three of the area facilities the points that have been raised about thousands of Americans to give of served by AmeriCorps volunteers stat- AmeriCorps working with govern- themselves for the greater good while ed that their presence was a key ingre- mental agencies and how that issue is earning money to further their edu- dient to the program. With the help of addressed in the Senator’s amendment. cation. In my view, the legislation ef- the AmeriCorps Program, MAGIC ME That has been an issue that had been fectively merges education and service, estimates that they have been able to brought up and examined during the two critical components of a healthy increase the number of people served course of the review of the AmeriCorps. society. by over 800 percent in their three And I believe that the amendment that Now, several of my colleagues in AmeriCorps Program sites. has now been before the Senate re- stating their opposition to continued Mr. President, it is my view that na- sponds to that particular issue and funding for the National Service Cor- tional service, and those who partici- question. poration have expressed the view that pate in national service represent the Second, I listened to those who have it is not the role of the Federal Govern- best of our Nation. In the tradition of talked about AmeriCorps and the cost ment to subsidize community service; the Peace Corps and VISTA, of the program, and also how much is that to pay volunteers through a Fed- AmeriCorps strengthens the beliefs and expended in costs that are related to eral program runs contrary to the spir- values that are at the very root of the AmeriCorps volunteer. I think it is it of local community-based service. I American citizenship—the tradition of important that we understand the would urge those who hold this view to serving others, the value of taking per- terms that are being used and the costs look to history. Our society and the sonal responsibility for ourselves and that are being allocated to the dif- unique form of government we enjoy our communities, and the belief that to ferent projects. was built on the strength of national who much is given, much is expected. I have a chart here, Mr. President. I service and, in my view, fostering the Through programs like AmeriCorps we understand that this presents a break- investment in and providing the leader- provide our Nation with both an oppor- down of the total cost per member by ship for increased opportunity to serve tunity and an obligation. National category. I think there is some confu- is a responsibility we all share. service requests a contribution to the sion about what the costs are in terms Mr. President, Americorps, the cen- community while providing individuals of the member. And I thought I would terpiece of the national service pro- with the opportunity to develop skills review this chart because I think it il- gram, is not one large Federal pro- which will serve them well throughout lustrates by this chart exactly what is gram, but a network of locally devel- their lives. being expended for the AmeriCorps and oped and locally managed service corps As I have indicated through examples the costs which are related to the serv- which gives thousands of young people in my own State, the national service ice of an AmeriCorps member. We are the opportunity to serve their country program is effective; it does work. At a talking about two different items, and while improving the lives of them- time when we as a society are search- it has been very easy for those who selves and their neighbors. Moreover, ing for ways in which to strengthen our have been opposed to this program to the initial investment we have made families and our communities it would try to somehow lump all of those to- has encouraged increased private sec- be foolhardy to abandon this national gether and give a distorted view as to tor involvement in community service service initiative. I urge my colleagues actually what is expended on behalf of programs, including Americorps. to join me in applauding those who the AmeriCorps volunteer. I encourage opponents of national have answered the call to service For each AmeriCorps volunteer the service to look carefully at the success through AmeriCorps and other na- Corporation spends $6,200 on the sti- of many of the Americorps programs tional service opportunities. These in- pend over the course of the year. This operating in communities across the dividuals are taking part in the oldest represents 33 percent. We have the edu- United States. Information gathered and best of America’s traditions—the cation award, which is $4,700. We have from site visits by the General Ac- spirit of service—and they deserve our the health care, which is $1,200. Those counting Office (GAO) indicate that an support. all go into the costs. And then we have overwhelming majority of the pro- Ms. MIKULSKI. Does the Senator the AmeriCorps overhead at 7 percent. grams across the country serve their from Massachusetts wish to speak? I wonder how many of the govern- purpose. In my State of Maryland, the I note the absence of a quorum, and mental agencies are able to have an ad- Montgomery County Police Depart- ask that it be equally divided. ministrative cost at that figure—at

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14263 some 7 percent—which is very impres- ures I have given show the real partici- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who sive, and indicates that for every dollar pation and contributions that have yields time? that is actually expended, only a small been made. And I think, Mr. President, Mr. BOND. Mr. President, how much amount of that dollar is used for pro- an even a greater indication of the time is remaining on this side? gram administration. value of AmeriCorps is not just what I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty- The State commissions that ensure say about this private-sector participa- nine minutes, 43 seconds. that the programs are actually going tion, but what the leaders of the var- Mr. BOND. I am happy to yield the to be a service in the State—really a ious voluntary agencies and the other Senator from Arizona 8 minutes. State function for the AmeriCorps pro- project leaders have said about The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- grams—is a small percentage, 2 per- AmeriCorps. There have been the most ator from Arizona. cent. commendable and enthusiastic state- Mr. KYL. Thank you, Mr. President. Now, the other programs which are ments, across the board. In a number of I appreciate the Senator from Missouri related in terms of the general costs instances these statements come from yielding time. are what are considered local program some by those who were skeptical I appreciate what both he and the operations. This is the $4,300 over here. about the whole program and ended up Senator from Iowa have done in point- These are the tools by which the being enthusiastic about what these ing out some of the problems with this AmeriCorps volunteer is able to make volunteers really mean. new program that is called the voluntary contribution. This is for Mr. President, both those who have AmeriCorps. My position is that at this projects like housing rehabilitation. supported AmeriCorps and those op- time of severe budgetary crisis in this These are the saws, the hammers, the posed to it have evaluated the service country, at a time when we are trying nails, the equipment the AmeriCorps and the corps. You find out that even to balance the Federal budget, it is not member is using. by the minimum evaluation, about two the time to be starting new Federal There have been those on the floor of and a half times the benefit comes programs with substantial expenses the Senate who have taken this figure, back from the expenditures. This is which, frankly, are not cost beneficial whether in this average figure where it demonstrated by a cost analysis of the in terms of the degree of support that is $4,300, 24 percent—or whether it program. it provides to the American people. would be even larger, depending on the So, Mr. President, I think the points As a brand new program, AmeriCorps particular program and have put it all that have been made earlier by the costs American taxpayers $367 million in overhead to somehow say that the Senator from Maryland in terms of the in 1994, and the GAO estimates that costs of the AmeriCorps Program is far costs of the program, in terms of the AmeriCorps costs nearly $27,000 for in excess of what was estimated and far private participation, and responding each volunteer. It is not an effective out of control. to the criticisms that are made about jobs or education program, and I sub- That kind of confused calculation has involving the AmeriCorps with govern- mit, Mr. President, that it is not going been done with regard to the Navy’s mental agencies, all are extremely im- to increase voluntarism in this country Seaborne Conservation Corps program. portant issues that should be responded or in my home State of Arizona. We have heard about the costs per par- to. And I think we have tried to do that For example, the Arizona ticipant being $66,000. I have the excel- this afternoon. AmeriCorps Program, called the Border lent response by Congressman GREEN I just say, finally, we want to keep Volunteer Corps, was one of the largest that analyzes those figures to show our eyes on one important point, the programs. It received $2.6 million in that at the bottom line, the actual $4,700, the educational award, is also the 1994 and 1995 service year. But it costs were $16,641. eliminated in this appropriations bill. will not be federally funded this year Now, people can come on this floor And this is at a time when we are cut- through the Corporation for National and use this other figure which rep- ting on student loan programs. We re- Service. The reason is because the Ari- resents funding for the organization, so ported out of our committee earlier zona-Mexico Commission, the Arizona to speak, in which the AmeriCorps today what is effectively a tax on every sponsor, pulled out because of alleged members are actually working. They college in this country, based upon the mismanagement of this program. can repeat it and repeat it and repeat amount of the student loan programs. It seems to me that groups such as it, but it does not make it any more ac- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Salvation Army, groups in Arizona curate. ator’s time has expired. like Arizona Clean and Beautiful, I think that it is important that we Mr. KENNEDY. Can I have 2 or 3 Crime Victim Foundation, St. Mary’s understand that. more minutes? and Andre House food bank, and others Mr. President, earlier when I spoke Ms. MIKULSKI. I yield the Senator that provide volunteer service in the about the participation of the private from Massachusetts 2 more minutes to State commit millions of hours to vol- sector, there was a comment made conclude his remarks. untarism every year. about the contributions that were Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, at a We know today, Americans 18 and up being made to match the AmeriCorps. I time when we are cutting back on the volunteer 19.5 billion hours of their think it is important to have a com- student loan program, or at least mak- time, which is a 50-percent increase in plete response on that, as well. ing it much more expensive, this pro- the number of hours since 1981. Turning We know that the 7 percent, which is gram is out there. These individuals, voluntarism into a wide-scale public actually the figure named in the legis- by and large, are involved because they jobs project, it seems to me, will under- lation authorizing AmeriCorps, requir- want to give something back to the mine public philanthropy. We are doing ing leveraging of private support was community. Their greatest reward is well in volunteering in this country, far exceeded. In its first year, not only their personal satisfaction not paying people to be volunteers. AmeriCorps raised $91 million in and service to the community, but an Moreover, as other speakers have matching funds, nearly three times the opportunity for education, which is pointed out, AmeriCorps is not based amount required by law; $41 million certainly a matter of national interest. on need. Certainly, today in our effort came from the private sector, more Finally, I will include in the RECORD, to prioritize where Federal dollars are than $32 million legally required from Mr. President, the number of colleges going, Federal higher education dol- all sources. Over 600 businesses, from that are matching these education lars, if that is what these are targeted local concerns to national corporations awards. Hampshire College in my own to be, should be targeted toward those like IBM and General Electric, have di- State—and I will include in the RECORD who are most in need of assistance. rectly contributed money, uniforms, a number of the schools and colleges AmeriCorps does not promote volunta- tools, equipment, and training. that are matching these education rism because it is not a volunteer pro- And therefore, again, if you use selec- awards two and three times in recogni- gram. Students are paid $7,400 for work tive figures to try to downplay the pri- tion of the service these young and old and given $4,750 toward education costs vate sector’s contribution, you can people are providing for the commu- for 2 years. In addition, recipients are make a debater’s point, but it is not an nity. I thank the Senator from Mary- guaranteed health and child care bene- accurate reflection of reality. The fig- land. fits.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 For the average $20,000 to $30,000 cost about $1,100 for every man, woman and National service enables not only per year per student in AmeriCorps, child in the country, enough to pay a young people but schools, community eight needy students could receive Pell year’s tuition for a young woman or organizations, towns and cities to de- grants at $2,400 each. Eight needy stu- young man, for example, to attend Ari- velop programs that will meet their dents—and that is the definition of the zona State University. own unmet needs while giving invalu- qualification for Pell grants—could be Reducing funding for AmeriCorps is able education to generations of our fu- served with this same amount of one small but very important way that ture leaders. money, in other words, that we pay for we can begin to prioritize how Wash- I point out that those 184,000 no one AmeriCorps volunteer. ington spends the taxpayers’ money. longer in the military would have had A $20,000 stipend is worth more than That is why, Mr. President, as I said, I an opportunity to get the same kind of the individual income of nearly 40 mil- support what the Senator from Mis- scholarship they could get with na- lion working Americans. That is what souri and the Senator from Iowa have tional service through the military. we are paying these AmeriCorps so- been saying today. It is time to cut the Now due to downsizing of our Armed called volunteers. AmeriCorps program down to size. Forces, that opportunity is no longer Examples of AmeriCorps spending: I appreciate the Senator from Mis- available to them. So the elimination The National Civilian Community souri yielding me this time. I reserve of national service will effectively re- Corps, funded through AmeriCorps, the remainder of the time. move another avenue for a large num- provides 1,000 AmeriCorps volunteers Ms. MIKULSKI. I yield 3 minutes to ber of young people to obtain edu- with meals, tuition stipend, health the Senator from Vermont. cational opportunities. care, child care, and housing at four The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Let us remember that national and closed military bases in Maryland, ator from Vermont. community service is not a program South Carolina, Colorado, and Cali- Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I rise that young people engage in because fornia. today in strong support of the amend- they are free for the summer or be- So this volunteer program will cost ment offered by my colleague from cause they have nothing better to do. $26 million for these 1,000 participants. Maryland, Senator MIKULSKI, which re- Participation in service requires true Of course, the taxpayers fit the bill for stores $425 million to the Corporation commitment. This is a program that AmeriCorps and not just for the good for National Service. demands that youth spend at least 1 work that they do, but also for every- Two years ago, I was very proud to be year in full service, or 2 years in part- thing else associated with their work, a lead Republican sponsor of the Na- time service in an area of national including their training and a lot of in- tional Community Service Trust Act. need. teresting kinds of seminars. My support for this endeavor comes Although we all support spending According to John Walters of the from a long-held belief that national cuts, this does not mean we should for- New Citizenship Project, AmeriCorps and community service is essential in sake our responsibility to develop nec- volunteers spend one-fifth of their time addressing many of our unmet social essary Government programs, espe- in training, education and other non- and educational needs. Community cially those that help our young peo- direct service activities. So the tax- service is the cornerstone of democ- ple. We must commit ourselves to re- payers pay for nonneedy students to racy, where those who have much have directing our priorities to make clear participate in self-esteem and other a responsibility to help those who have that unless we address the concerns of government classes and seminars. little. Providing public service as a this Nation, our children will not have It is also, I think, a problem here be- means of training individuals, while at a future. National service is a cost-ef- cause, Mr. President, at the time we the same time supplying benefits to a fective program that is meeting many are trying to reduce the Federal bu- community, is a win-win initiative. urgent local and national needs not reaucracy, AmeriCorps volunteers are It is interesting to note that the crit- ics of national service have never criti- being met through traditional means. becoming part of a Federal bureauc- An example of the program’s cost-ef- cized the goals of the program. They racy. Over 2,800, in other words, about fectiveness is an AmeriCorps project in focus their criticism on the cost of na- 20 percent, of the 20,000 AmeriCorps New York. For each hour that volunteers are assigned to Federal tional service activities with figures AmeriCorps members update computer agencies, including Agriculture, Inte- which are highly debatable, but not the equipment, they save the New York rior, National Endowment for the Arts, worthiness of the efforts. City Board of Education $100 in labor I beg to differ with those who say we and others. costs. The federally funded Legal Services do not have the dollars for national Through a combination of hard work Corporation, for example, has been service activities. We do have the re- and commitment, National service has awarded funding for 44 AmeriCorps vol- sources to devote to this worthy effort. surpassed the expectations we all had unteers, costing taxpayers $959,000. For example, since 1980, we have when this legislation was enacted al- I think the bottom line is that for downsized our military enrollees by most 2 years ago. National service was fiscal reasons, we have to limit 184,790, representing 54 percent drop. not designed to result in miracles on a AmeriCorps spending, and that is why I The savings generated from curtailing grand scale, but there are many exam- support what the Senator from Mis- new recruits by 184,000 is close to $2.7 ples of minor miracles occurring daily souri is trying to do today. It simply billion per year, much more than we throughout the United States. Some of costs the American taxpayer too much spend on this program. And yet we these examples include, Youth Con- for the benefits that it provides, and I have reduced the opportunity to 184,790 servation Corps participants who have suggest that it should be eliminated. individuals each year, who otherwise assisted Midwestern families afflicted We ought to examine the intent and would get help from the Federal Gov- by this spring’s floods, the Teach for the costs of the program. For example, ernment to assist them in learning America participant who not only we should get answers to why the skills and being able to participate in a taught children in Watts how to read, AmeriCorps program costs $42,000 per more meaningful way in our society. but also how to love, and the person per student in Alaska. More All we are doing with this amendment Battleboro, VT, Independent Living than 16 students in that State could is taking a small proportion of those project participants who assist the el- participate in the Pell grant program who now no longer have that oppor- derly and individuals with disabilities for the same amount of money that is tunity, approximately 20,000, and give so they can remain in their homes in- used to sponsor one AmeriCorps volun- them the chance to take part in this stead of being forced to live in an insti- teer. program. tutional setting. Or why $1.7 million of the Although we are downsizing our mili- National service is a program that AmeriCorps budget has been spent on tary, many young people still have the has served our Nation well, and there- an AmeriCorps advertisement cam- desire to become involved in public fore I rise today to lend my voice in paign. This year alone, the Govern- service. We are not providing them an supporting the Mikulski amendment. ment will pay more than $3 billion in opportunity to contribute if we do The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time interest on our national debt. That is away with national service. of the Senator has expired.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14265 Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- place the Government in greater com- that there was strange scoring done. self 10 minutes. petition with the private mortgage in- When you look at the independent as- Mr. President, I was struck by the surance market and likely increase sessment made by an outside agency comment of my friend from Vermont FHA’s market share in the area at a who ranked these applicants, they had that we do have the resources to fund time when the private market is doing to reach way down in the rankings— AmeriCorps. I think this amendment, more and more. from an impartial ranking group—to which I have now had an opportunity President Clinton has talked about find some of the organizations that to study a bit more, reflects just how reinventing Government and bringing were funded. They overlooked Big difficult these funding choices are. I it under control. The Republicans who Brothers/Big Sisters, National Urban said earlier that when I made my rec- were elected in 1994 talked about lim- League and Student Conservation to ommendations, I had to weigh iting the scope and the role of Govern- provide funding for an ACORN project. AmeriCorps versus community devel- ment. This amendment goes in the op- Well, as Senator GRASSLEY has opment block grants. I was interested posite direction from both of those ob- learned—and I believe he may have a to see what the sponsors of this amend- jectives. To make the argument that statement later on—the ACORN ment show as their offsets because we we should increase the maximum al- project was involved directly in polit- have to keep this amendment budget lowable loan amount because it gen- ical activity. They were soliciting neutral. erates more money is to say that the votes, actually involved directly in a Well, this amendment uses two ac- best reason for a Government program campaign against a city councilman in counts for offsets, both of them from is that it makes money. That is not the Denver. Housing and Urban Development. The right approach. I think it is time that we had a com- first cuts the annual contributions for I think the only valid justification mitment from this administration for a assisted housing accounts by an addi- for a program is a public purpose that thorough reform of AmeriCorps before tional $383 million by taking an un- can only be achieved by Government. we even consider putting funds that are specified reduction. This could affect There is no public purpose served by badly needed in other agencies into section 202 housing for the elderly, or expanding Government’s role into the that program. I received a letter from the section 8(11) program for the dis- already served private market. I be- PETER HOEKSTRA on the House side, abled, or even housing for AIDS vic- lieve this proposal is corporate welfare chairman of the Oversight and Inves- tims. for lenders who currently receive serv- tigation Subcommittee. He was an Other activities in this account in- icing fees far higher than market levels original supporter of the Corporation clude vouchers for displaced families. for handling loans with no risk. Actu- for National Service. He said, at the Incidentally, when we are looking at ally, it is a risk assumed by the tax- time, ‘‘I believed that this would be an family vouchers, for each AmeriCorps payers, not by the lenders. efficient and effective use of taxpayer volunteer, four low-income families I think there is real reform needed in dollars. However, after conducting an could be given housing for a year. Is the AmeriCorps, National Service independent evaluation of how money this truly our priority? Is it truly our Corps. I am very pleased that the spon- flows from the Corporation to priority to pay one young person what sors of the amendment—and I con- AmeriCorps programs and how these otherwise could go to providing as- gratulate the Senator from Maryland funds are spent, I have grave concerns sisted housing for four families needing for putting in a proviso that none of about the continuation of this pro- housing? I do not think so. That is part the funds available shall be used to ad- gram.’’ of the problem I have with AmeriCorps minister, reimburse, or support any na- in this budget. tional service programs run by Federal He states that he has begun a dialog In addition, in the rescissions bill agencies. We were astounded earlier but he finds that it is safe to say that which was adopted by this body and this year to learn, Mr. President, when AmeriCorps has been and likely con- signed by the President earlier this we wanted to find out where the money tinues to be an avenue for partisanship. summer, there was already a $1.12 bil- was going at the national level, that ‘‘The recent move by the Corporation lion reduction in this housing account. AmeriCorps had been funding the De- to defund ACORN and Cole Coalition And the Department of HUD is telling partments of Agriculture, Energy, In- only serves to highlight the seriousness us of their difficulty in identifying terior, Justice, Labor, Transportation, of this problem. In the case of ACORN, those reductions. To impose a further EPA, and the Department of Veterans AmeriCorps’ IG has pointed out numer- $383 million cut could impact real pro- Affairs. ous cases of lobbying, fund raising, and grams and real housing assistance for Well, according to the letters that we even voter registration carried out by low-income families, the elderly and have received from OMB Director AmeriCorps members.’’ the disabled. One of the great com- Rivlin and from Mr. Segal, they are not Congressman HOEKSTRA goes on to plaints I have heard about this bill, as willing to talk about any reforms. I say, ‘‘Finally, our subcommittee is in it has been submitted by the com- strongly support and commend the the process of reviewing CNS’ grant- mittee, is that it cuts HUD too much. Senator from Maryland for agreeing to making procedures. Our preliminary This amendment would cut HUD fur- take out all of these Government agen- findings reveal a less than comprehen- ther. Frankly, I was not willing to do cies. AmeriCorps was funding these sible procedure, whereby grant scoring that. I do not think it is a good idea. governmental agencies, and they were often has little to do with who receives The other offset proposed in this passing over Future Farmers of Amer- the final grants.’’ amendment is achieved by increasing ica, National 4–H Council, Girl Scouts I really believe that before we con- the individual limit on mortgages for of America, American Red Cross, Big sider trying to take money away from the FHA-guaranteed program. Now, Brothers/Big Sisters, the Boys and HUD, from assisted housing for those this is a very controversial provision. Girls Clubs, National Audubon Society, who are in grave need, for the people Under this amendment, mortgages as United Negro College Fund, United who are elderly, who are disabled, or large as $175,000 would be eligible for Way of America, United Cerebral Palsy the people with AIDS, that the admin- Government guarantees. That is rais- Association, Goodwill Industries Inter- istration at least owes us a good-faith ing from the current limit of about national. effort to make sure that the dollars $152,000. These are not and should not These are the traditional volunteer that are spent in AmeriCorps are not be the sector of the housing market agencies that most people think of in being spent for political purposes, they that the Government guarantees America when you talk about volun- are not being wasted on high-cost should cover. Moreover, private mort- teers. Yet, they were passing over projects. gage insurance is readily available in those. They were passing over those, in I reiterate my point that in these those mortgages. This proposal would some instances, to go to Federal Gov- very tight budget times, I do not think expand the role and scope of Govern- ernment agencies. I am glad and I con- that paying money to volunteers in ment. It is something that has been de- gratulate the sponsor of this amend- this program is a higher priority than bated in the authorizing committees. I ment for knocking out those Federal taking care of the needs of those who believe it is not wise because it would agencies. But I also want to point out depend upon HUD for federally assisted

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14266 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 housing. I reserve the balance of my on other worthwhile programs that I Delaware. For many of the boys, Jeff time. note they also vote against and voted was their only male role model. I yield the floor. to cut. And, the boys could hardly wait for Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I Mr. President, I must admit that I Jeff to show up each day. After just 1 yield the Senator from Delaware 3 min- find this debate—and the opposition to week, one of the teachers said, utes. AmeriCorps—somewhat fascinating. ‘‘There’s already been a difference.’’ Mr. BIDEN. I thank the Senator from We have been hearing for about a Many teachers are now begging the Maryland. year now—including the last few weeks principal to have an AmeriCorps mem- Mr. President, I will be necessarily during debate on the welfare reform ber in their classroom. brief. bill—that we need to return power to And, finally, let me tell you about There is very little the Federal Gov- States and local communities. That Camille, who is a homeless teenage ernment can do about moral values. the Federal bureaucracy needs to get mother who dropped out of high school. That is something that is shaped by out of the way of local solutions to She met an AmeriCorps member named families and communities and church- problems, that we need to make better Chan. And, Chan gave her hope. es. One of the things we can do is the use of nonprofit community organiza- Chan got Camille to sign up for an Government can help teach young peo- tions and church groups in addressing adult education program. He supported ple that they owe something to their the problems this country faces. And her and tutored her. And, Camille will country and to each other and that that individuals helping each other, soon graduate from the adult education membership in the community conveys not the paternalism of big government, program and receive her GED. both rights and responsibilities. is the ultimate answer to our problems. Mr. President, there is very little the The Senator from Georgia is on the Fine and good, Mr. President. And, to Federal Government can do about floor. He had a national service piece of an extent, I agree. But, that is exactly moral values. That is something that is legislation which I and several others what AmeriCorps does. shaped by families and churches and supported over the years. The notion AmeriCorps says to States and com- communities. that we are going to instill in our chil- munities, you decide how to meet the But, what each of the examples I just dren that they have an obligation to needs of your people how to solve the gave proves is that the Federal Govern- their community and to their coun- problems you face. AmeriCorps says, ment can do at least a little bit about try—my own experience, we focus, I be- private, nonprofit organizations should this country’s values. The Federal Gov- lieve, too much on just what the ben- be the main focus of the program. And, ernment can help teach young people efit to the recipients of this service is. AmeriCorps teaches young people that they owe something to their coun- I suggest one of the greatest benefits about responsibility, opportunity, and try and to each other, that membership of AmeriCorps is what it teaches those citizenship. conveys both rights and responsibil- who participate in AmeriCorps. My son The fact is, President Clinton’s na- ities. was in the Jesuit Volunteer Corps. No tional service program is probably the And, what these examples also show relationship, no remuneration, but he most Republican program ever enacted is something I have long believed about spent a year in a community service by a Democratic President. community service—and I saw it with project in a homeless shelter out in It is not the Federal bureaucracy try- my own son after he served a year with Portland, OR. I know he benefited ing to solve problems, it is State, local, the Jesuit Volunteer Corps. Those who more from that experience, quite and private organizations working to- benefit from community service are frankly, than almost anybody he gether to solve problems. not just those who are helped, but also helped benefit. It is not solutions conceived inside those who do the helping. That is one of the payoffs of this pro- the Washington Beltway. It is solu- AmeriCorps helps instill the values of gram. One of the payoffs is a genera- tions conceived where the problems responsibility and citizenship. It makes tion of young people who, in fact, are are, at the local level. a difference in lives of thousands of instilled with a sense of obligation and It is not government taking over the Americans and makes our problems responsibility to the community. role of charities. It is, as almost all just a little bit smaller. I heard my friend from Arizona stand local charities will tell you, a way to There are children who will walk up and talk about this as if it were make volunteer efforts more useful and through their neighborhoods today need-based. There is nothing need- effective. safer because of the AmeriCorps mem- based about the military; the Peace All the Federal Government does is bers who are helping the police in com- Corps is not need-based. The point is to to provide some money and some dedi- munity policing. pass on these values to children or cated young people to help. There are neighborhoods tonight that young people of all economic strata. Let me tell you about some of those are safer because AmeriCorps members We need broad-based support from people from my State of Delaware— closed down the crack houses. the next generation in terms of what both those who help and those who are There are children in school today their responsibility to the communities helped. because an AmeriCorps tutor gave is. I think that is the most overlooked Tammy is a single parent who used them hope and they did not drop out of aspect of this program. to be on welfare. Today, Tammy is an school. I also add, Mr. President, that I hear AmeriCorps member who helps teenage There are families who have homes some of my friends—not the chairman mothers do what she did—move from today because of houses built by of the subcommittee, but some of my welfare to work. Tammy says, AmeriCorps members. friends on the floor—talking about the ‘‘AmeriCorps gave me my voice back.’’ There are senior citizens in nursing need for other programs. I notice they Dora is another woman supporting homes whose days are just a little bit also cut those programs. I find it some- her two children. After leaving the brighter because of the work of an what interesting the talk about this military, she took a job waiting tables. AmeriCorps member. could pay for x amount of Pell grants But, this past year, she spent working Mr. President, AmeriCorps is not the or y amount of this. I notice from their for AmeriCorps, helping elderly public solution to all of our problems. And, it records they do not vote for the Pell house residents get preventive health is not the entire answer. But, I dare grants, they do not vote for the other care. say, it is making a difference. And, it things. Dora will be using her tuition vouch- would be truly regrettable if I find it somewhat interesting that er to go back to school, something she AmeriCorps was eliminated after just 1 they use as a straw man—I am not admits she never would have done year. speaking about the Senator from Mis- without AmeriCorps. As she put it, Ms. MIKULSKI. I yield 2 minutes to souri but others who have spoken and ‘‘AmeriCorps gave me direction.’’ the Senator from Georgia. I wish to talked about this off the floor—they Jeff was a Maryland AmeriCorps tell the Senate this is one of the found- use as a straw man the idea if we just member, but he did his service by tu- ing fathers of national service. were not spending the money on toring at-risk elementary school chil- Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, I urge sup- AmeriCorps, we would be spending it dren in the Colonial School District in port of the amendment of the Senator

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14267 from Maryland, and I commend her for At present this Congress is involved ago, will practice that preaching for taking this leadership and also com- in a great debate over how to reverse this program as well. mend the Senator from Missouri for the fraying of our Nation’s moral fab- Our Nation’s Armed Forces provide pointing out things that need to be cor- ric. The question which confronts us is another good historical analogy to na- rected in this program. how to stop the rising tide of crime, il- tional service—the GI bill. This pro- That is what we ought to be doing. legitimacy, falling test scores, and ris- gram, which began in the mid-1940’s as We ought to be correcting the faults, ing despair that plague our commu- an effort to provide an education to not killing the entire program. nities. I do not pretend that funding those who fought for our Nation’s sur- Mr. President, we have heard com- national service is the answer to all of vival in World War II, has been judged parisons of how many Pell grant pro- these problems. What I can say with one of the most successful investments grams we could fund, how many job great conviction, however, is that na- of public funds in our history. The pro- training programs we could fund. These tional service is one of the few Govern- gram continues today as the Mont- criticisms are valid as far as they go ment enterprises with the potential to gomery GI bill. The GI bill gives the but what they forget is a very impor- inspire large numbers of young people participants an education benefit in ex- tant point. against this tide. change for their great service to this That is, we are requiring service, and In Georgia, success stories are not country. Like the GI bill, national service is being rendered. A good anal- hard to find. In my State, AmeriCorps service provides a triple payoff in ogy is our Nation’s Armed Forces. We members alone have contributed more terms of the service performed, the do not maintain Armed Forces in order than 300,000 hours of service, and served service experience, and the post-service to provide valuable skill and help de- more than 19,000 individuals. In addi- benefit. Do my colleagues who criticize velop good character in young men and tion to their required service, national service believe that the GI bill women. Rather, Armed Forces per- AmeriCorps members have volunteered was a mistake? Here, Mr. President, is sonnel develop skills and character in 7,500 hours to community-wide philan- a program that has just as much poten- the military as they carry out their thropic efforts and traditional volun- tial to help our society. teer programs. They have also re- primary mission for providing for our Finally, Mr. President, I would point cruited more than 2,500 community Nation’s security. out that since its initial authorization volunteers to help in their community The same is true of national service. in 1993, AmeriCorps has had only one service efforts. Members are working Would critics have us disregard the full year of operation. As with any with the Macon police department to benefits to society of national service newly created enterprise, there are patrol communities and establish participants helping flood victims in growing pains of varying degrees, and I neighborhood watch programs. In Montezuma, GA, last year, a town com- am the first to express my willingness Douglas, members are helping to erect pletely overcome by the flood? Should to search for ways to make the pro- road signs to ensure that emergency we ignore the benefits of the first-time gram more effective. The time for such crews can respond quickly to calls on immunization program of 33,000 chil- debate and change, however, is during the newly-installed 911 telephone sys- dren in Fort Worth, TX, in 1 month? the program’s scheduled reauthoriza- Mr. President, independent studies tem. In Atlanta, members mentor and tion next year. That way we can have verified by the GAO found recently tutor low-achieving students in schools a systematic, rational consideration of that AmeriCorps returns between $1.68 and recruit volunteers for further com- whether this program has provided suf- and $2.58 for every $1 invested. I think munity service efforts. In Atlanta, the ficient ‘‘bang’’ for the Government’s it is important that we continue this principal of Ralph McGill school in a buck, and whether structural changes program. National service says to the low-income area of Atlanta informed are needed. To kill this program in this participants, along with society’s op- me on a visit that since AmeriCorps appropriations bill would be a costly portunities come duties. If you will young people started working as teach- mistake. provide your honest sweat and elbow er’s aides discipline problems have de- grease to improve society, we will help clined at his school by 70 percent. This Mr. President, as our distinguished you attend college or acquire a skill. list of accomplishments is mirrored in colleague Senator BYRD often points This is a win-win-win situation. The virtually every State in this Nation. out, one of our primary duties as Sen- question I have for my colleagues is Critics have tried to attack national ators is to exercise the ‘‘power of the what other program is aimed at accom- service in a number of different ways. purse’’ and be good stewards of the tax- plishing these social ends without a With the recent release of the GAO re- payer’s dollar. I have been watching handout, without stifling bureaucracy, port on the costs of national service we AmeriCorps’ work in my State, and I and with such enormous benefits to our have heard cries of how expensive the am pleased to inform my colleagues communities? program is. I would caution the pro- that AmeriCorps is achieving its goals. As my colleagues know, the idea of gram’s critics to examine the benefits This is an innovative, nonbureaucratic, national service is one in which I have of the program as well as its costs be- decentralized approach to one of our been involved for several years. In 1989, fore issuing such casual independent Nation’s most important tasks—cre- I introduced with Senator ROBB, studies. The GAO study often quoted ating citizens who understand that re- GLENN, BREAUX, and SASSER introduced by critics found that AmeriCorps’ per- sponsibilities accompany rights and legislation to demonstrate the concept member costs to the Federal Govern- who provide real services to individuals of national service in a small number ment are in fact lower than the esti- and communities. I urge my colleagues of programs nationwide. President mates the Corporation set for itself. In to look at the benefits as well as the Bush signed that legislation into law in addition, the benefits generated by the costs of this program, and to support 1990, and the effort yielded a number of program, as reported by an inde- the Mikulski amendment. highly-successful demonstration pro- pendent accounting agency and Mr. President, we are developing grams, including two in my State. In verified by GAO, have yielded excellent leadership and we are also serving com- 1993, Congress passed President Clin- ratings for cost-effectiveness. Most im- munities and individual needs. I urge ton’s National and Community Service portantly, however, the program re- this program be retained. Act to create thousands of young peo- ceives high marks from the bene- Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, acting ple serving their communities. While ficiaries of the service, like the teacher on behalf of Senator BOND, I yield Sen- the scope of AmeriCorps is much larger of Ralph McGill school, who is better ator SANTORUM 5 minutes. than our original demonstration able to teach his students through Mr. SANTORUM. Thank you, Mr. project, the philosophy behind it, sup- AmeriCorps’ efforts. In this way President, and I thank the Senator ported by Democrats and Republicans, AmeriCorps is living up to its slogan, from Oklahoma. is the same—make plain the essential ‘‘Getting Things Done.’’ I hope that the I rise, and I hesitate to come to the connection between rights and respon- program’s critics, many of whom were floor to talk about this issue although sibility by putting Americans to work singing the praises of cost-benefit anal- I have talked about it in the past. I meeting the unmet needs in their com- ysis on this floor in a different debate wanted to make a statement because munities. on regulatory reform just a few weeks the former Senator from Pennsylvania,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14268 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Senator Wofford, is in line to be the ployers look for in employees is some- cans of all ages gave their time to civic next head of the AmeriCorps Program. one with a good attitude and good and religious organizations. They cared I stand as someone who has been a work ethic. What people on welfare in for the poor, sick, the broken, and the critic of the program. I wanted to most cases do not have as a result of lonely. They gave their time without make it clear that I am critical of the having grown up on welfare—I am talk- regard to benefit or pay. They did it as program—not of Senator Wofford. In ing about the chronic welfare recipi- a matter of personal devotion and out fact, I have said to the Senator that I ent—is instilled a good work ethic. of their regard for each other as part of will support him for that position and What we could provide instead of the way we live our lives as Americans. wish him well. paying volunteers in AmeriCorps is we Their personal sacrifice is, in my opin- He has a big job ahead of him because could be putting the people who are on ion, mocked by a Government program I believe this program is a misguided welfare who need jobs the same things with a catchy name like AmeriCorps. program, is a program that is on a val- AmeriCorps people are doing. Remem- Mr. President, we have for most of ues level—the Senator from Delaware ber, people on welfare are receiving the this Congress been debating Washing- talked about values. I think it teaches money. They are already getting the ton’s legitimate role in our daily lives. the wrong values. I think it teaches the benefits. It does not cost any addition Some cases are tough, tough debates— value of not voluntarism. and gives the people who really need debates on welfare, crime, and edu- My definition from looking in the the work, not someone whose daddy is cation. Others are not. This is not a dictionary, voluntarism is unpaid a CEO of some company who signed up tough case. AmeriCorps is a $27,000 per labor. This is paid labor. That is not for AmeriCorps because he wants to do participant boondoggle for kids trying voluntarism. You can call it a lot of the good thing and be a volunteer and to find themselves. AmeriCorps is wel- things, but not voluntarism, any more get $27,000 a year, but someone who ac- fare for the well-to-do. than me deciding to run for the U.S. tually needs the work experience, Mr. President, for what AmeriCorps Senate and therefore being elected, needs to learn the skills. costs annually we could send two poor being a volunteer because that is what Let us talk about what we can do to students to the University of Missouri I decided I wanted to do. take this program and apply it in a for 4 years, all expenses paid, for every- You are compensated for your work sense in the welfare context. That one person we send through AmeriCorps. We could give 18 Pell and therefore you are not a volunteer. makes a lot of sense. That is really a grants to needy students for the annual Call it what it is. It is a Federal paid direction that I think the American cost of one AmeriCorps participant. taxpayers’ position that you have, public could support. working many places in a government AmeriCorps is wasteful and bureau- Mr. President, I want to read a quote cratic. At least $15,000 per AmeriCorps job, or through some government-sanc- from Father Robert A. Sirico, who is tioned organization, or approved orga- participant goes into overhead and ad- president of Action Institute for the ministration here in Washington. Only nization. Study of Religion and Liberty in Grand I do not see anything particularly in Washington could $15,000 a year be Rapids, who wrote an article on paid for paper turning, and as a result noble about a job paid for by taxpayers’ AmeriCorps and how it falsely teaches dollars, that is any more noble than that would be considered volunteer people what service is all about. His service. someone who goes out and sells insur- concluding paragraph is: ance or someone who works on Wall Of the AmeriCorps participants, 1,200 Idealism led me to the priesthood. Another serve—volunteer—at the U.S. Depart- Street or someone who grows cotton. sort of idealism leads people to the business Those are all noble jobs. They are ment of Agriculture; 525 volunteer at world. Here’s some advice for young ideal- the Interior Department; and 60 serve providing valuable services to this ists. If you want to serve others, don’t be country. To suggest that somehow we bought off by a Government program. Try at the National Endowment for the instill the value in people, working for something voluntary that is personally chal- Arts. This is not in the spirit of volun- the Federal Government for taxpayers’ lenging, socially beneficial, and doesn’t cost teering. This is not in the spirit of dollars is somehow noble, and that the taxpayers one dime. service that we normally find for going out and trying to start a business I think that sums up the mood of American communities. or raise a crop is not noble, that those most of us on this side of the aisle. We I rise to oppose this because I believe values are not important. want people to be challenged. We want that a volunteer program should be a I think that is really what is funda- young people to be involved in volunta- volunteer program. It should not be a mental. I think we are missing the rism. We want people to care about way to subsidies the Federal bureauc- point. Yes, there is a lot of good work their community. But we want them to racy and send individuals into the bu- being done by people, but they are do it because they care about their reaucracy at rates of pay that deprive being paid to do it by the Federal Gov- community, not because they are get- other needy programs, that displace ernment, and it is the Federal Govern- ting paid $30,000 a year by Federal tax- the ability to meet other needs in our ment’s design as to what role they payers. culture. So I am pleased to support my senior should be filling. Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I yield Senator’s motion which would defund I think that is a very dangerous Senator ASHCROFT 31⁄2 minutes. value to somehow elevate Government How much time is remaining on our or otherwise take AmeriCorps out, be- service above all other aspects of our side? cause I do not believe we should be lives in our society. I think that is why The PRESIDING OFFICER. A total spending money at this level in an en- terprise which masquerades as a volun- you see so many people on our side of of 61⁄2 minutes. teer program but is a very expensive the aisle come up who feel this is a real Mr. NICKLES. I yield 61⁄2 minutes. hot button issue, because I think it is Mr. ASHCROFT. I thank the Senator program. Several Senators addressed the a distortion of the American value. from Oklahoma. Chair. I would also add, having just been Mr. President, I am pleased to speak The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- very actively involved in the welfare on AmeriCorps. ator from Maryland. debate over the past few weeks, that Before I begin, I would like to thank Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I there are a lot of people who are very my colleague and my good friend, Sen- yield 1 minute to the Senator from strong supporters of AmeriCorps who ator BOND, for his management of this Minnesota. are not supporters of requiring people bill as well as his unending commit- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- on welfare to work. I find that incred- ment to the taxpayers of Missouri. His ator from Minnesota. ible. Here we have people who des- opposition to the Corporation for Na- Mr. WELLSTONE. Thank you, Mr. perately need work. You talk to em- tional Service is another example of President. I thank the Senator from ployers. What do employers tell you the fiscal integrity that has marked Maryland. they are looking for an employee? Are his career in the Senate, and I am hon- I ask unanimous consent that I be they looking for someone who has a lot ored to join him here. added as an original cosponsor. of skills, someone who is exceptional in Americans constitute a community The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without a particular area? No. What most em- of service. Last year 90 million Ameri- objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14269 Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I together in a common direction. That direc- tant and necessary services to commu- rise in support of the Mikulski amend- tion is to solve problems facing our coun- nities all over the country. Programs ment, and I ask to be added as a co- try—the United States.’’ have empowered students to improve sponsor. Tracy Guthmiller: ‘‘AmeriCorps to me means opportunity. AmeriCorps has given conditions in their own communities As a former college professor and me the opportunity to assist others while at by encouraging them to become a part community organizer, I was proud to the same time gain valuable experience for of their community. be a part of creating and now imple- myself.’’ Service-learning programs have menting the National Service Program. Linda Dahl: ‘‘To me AmeriCorps has meant taught young people about the skills of I was also proud to bring the vast expe- helping those who are willing to work to- citizenships, responsibility, and democ- rience of people and programs in my ward improving their stewardship of the racy while teaching them math, State to Washington as Congress was land. I believe this will lead to a better in- science, civics, English, history at the formed rural community and a healthier liv- considering this original legislation. same time. Students through these People across my State of Minnesota ing environment.’’ DiAnn Koening: ‘‘Being an AmeriCorps wonderful programs have had their and the rest of the country have member has given me the opportunity to eyes opened to new opportunities and worked in National Service programs serve local communities through individual to diversity and multiculturalism in which has helped our Nation and local and team efforts, acquire new skills, and be- society. They have taught people how communities solve social problems come more knowledgeable of the local agen- to utilize community resources to im- while at the same time strengthen de- cies and what services they provide.’’ prove their lives. mocracy and citizenship. Melissa Stommes: ‘‘Being an AmeriCorps In Minnesota, we have combined From all I see, this is a program that member has given me a lot of opportunities to test my talents, explore more options, and State funding under the Youth Works works. Program and the Federal dollars in the Over half of the AmeriCorp members meet new people.’’ Graeme Belcher: ‘‘AmeriCorps has given AmeriCorps Program to create an ex- in Minnesota signed up for another me the chance to make my community and cellent program. year of service. myself better. The results of my actions will People of all ages, but especially our This is not about paid service at all. affect the environment so that everyone can young people, have been encouraged to Service in Minnesota is about citizen- live healthier and happier lives.’’ help their communities and get in- ship, to be part of a community, step- Joy Swenson: ‘‘I have learned many things volved in their communities. We cre- ping forward to serve. These people are in my AmeriCorps stint, so far. I have been not getting rich by any means. The trained in some things that will be a definite ated a program that empowers people participants are making $4.50 an hour. help to me in my future career—along with to participate, to make changes in This is essentially minimum wage. some things that will help out my life in their communities, and a program that If you think today’s youth are cyn- general. Things such as team spirit and teaches the skills of citizenship, re- working with a range of attitudes and per- sponsibility and democracy. ical; if you think they are disengaged sonalities. I cannot really say all I want to and apathetic, you are wrong. I have I urge my colleagues to support the in 25 words or less, but I will end with this AmeriCorps Program and service learn- met them. This program is all about thought. I believe that being an AmeriCorps ing and support the Mikulski amend- participation and citizenship. member will be an experience that I will al- Listen to what some of these young ways remember.’’ ment. people in Minnesota have said about Dean Lutz: ‘‘The AmeriCorps program has Mr. President, I find the description the program: been beneficial to me in helping me develop of this program as kids trying to find and achieve my goals. The NRCS and other David Jacobsma: ‘‘It has meant meeting out who they are insulting. I do not surrounding people are fantastic to work new people with a wide variety of back- even recognize the program my col- along side.’’ grounds. It has meant money for my edu- leagues are describing. In Minnesota, Jeff York: ‘‘Being a AmeriCorps member cation. It has meant new life experiences.’’ AmeriCorps is really an exceptional has allowed me to return and serve the area Holly Sirjord: ‘‘I feel I have contributed to I grew up in. As a member, I have enjoyed program. It is quite a wonderful thing my community. I not only worked with the the responsibility and commitment it takes to see the work done in a child care personal aspects of the community, but I feel to serve others. I have also been introduced center, the work done in the environ- in return I have learned a lot by working to a new, diverse group of Americans that, with the natural aspects as well.’’ ment, the work done for senior citi- Katherine Musch: ‘‘AmeriCorps is a won- without this experience, I would not have zens, the work done for communities, derful service organization that helps people been able to otherwise meet.’’ combined with a whole lot of young help themselves build futures. This past year Brian Krzmarzick: ‘‘Being an AmeriCorps people who are able then to begin to member is having a chance to learn new I have learned so much working with people build the resources to attend higher and nature. It was great to feel a part of things and meet fun and exciting people while doing something that will help my education. Mr. President, I would call something so worthwhile. I am proud to be a this a marriage. It is well worth it. It member and would love to see AmeriCorps community and country.’’ Michael Aho: ‘‘AmeriCorps has provided a is the very best in this country. continued.’’ Aaron Neubert: ‘‘It has given me the oppor- way for me to face the challenges of the fu- As to deficit reduction, why do we tunity to use my college degree. I am anx- ture by taking the first of many steps after not cut the subsidies for the oil compa- ious to show future employers that I have college.’’ nies, the coal companies, the tobacco experience.’’ I think what some in Washington companies and the pharmaceutical Kelly Engen: ‘‘Being a member of the who are trying to dismantle this pro- companies? Why do not we go after the AmeriCorps program has meant a great deal gram because they are afraid that it military contractors, and what do we to me. It has given me a sense of pride know- makes people think. It makes people ing that I am giving something back to the do when there is a $245 billion tax give- local communities that have given so much who are working with homeless people away mainly to wealthy people? But to me.’’ to ask why is there homelessness. Peo- instead, when it comes to community Tim Reese: ‘‘An opportunity to experience ple who are working in the inner city services, young people and higher edu- resource management on a watershed scale, are asking why is there poverty? And cation, and that kind of marriage, that frustration, a valuable experience, good those who are working to clean up our is where we want to cut. training, an understanding of the workings environment are asking why is there That is not a Minnesota standard of of a Federal agency and a way to help pay pollution? fairness, and I am proud to stand on for graduate school.’’ Russell Boheim: ‘‘AmeriCorps has given me Every program in Minnesota is in a the floor and speak for AmeriCorps. the opportunity to use the knowledge and partnership with either a State and/or Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield 3 experience I’ve gained on a natural resources private partners. All these new part- minutes to the Senator from Okla- project benefitting the people in the region, nerships were spurred by this program. homa. where I was raised.’’ It has leveraged a lot of private funds. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Tony Kroska: ‘‘AmeriCorps is, and has Community service programs in Min- ator from Oklahoma. been, an excellent opportunity to use and nesota and across the Nation have of- Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, first I test my skills to further the improvement of fended hundreds of thousands of young would like to compliment my col- a region that I consider to be a valuable re- source.’’ people the opportunity to learn while leagues and friends from Missouri, Sen- Shelly Eckblad: ‘‘AmeriCorps—group of serving their communities. Community ator BOND and Senator ASHCROFT, for Americans forming a body of persons, acting service programs have provided impor- their statements, as well as Senators

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14270 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 SANTORUM and GRASSLEY. I hope our ers who have spoken on this side so elo- The reason that I was one of the lead- colleagues had a chance to listen to quently. I think we have had an excel- ers in establishing national service was them because they were right on tar- lent debate. that we would have an opportunity get. Because we have had so many people structure for access to the American National service is basically paying debating on this measure, we have used dream. volunteers. I find that to be a little bit up all of the time. I would now ask There were those who said these are of an oxymoron—paid volunteers. We unanimous consent that there be 3 not volunteers because they earn a have thousands, we have millions of minutes for the proponent of the voucher. They do not get paid. They volunteers who are doing great work, amendment and 3 minutes for me as an get a living stipend and a voucher. and they do it without the Federal opponent of the amendment to wrap it We use the term ‘‘volunteer’’ to mean Government saying, ‘‘Here, we are up, and then that I be recognized for a that they are not drafted or coerced going to give you a check.’’ tabling motion. into it. Perhaps that is not the right Many of us stated our opposition to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there language, but it is the right intent. this program at its inception because objection? The Chair hears none, and it The important part of this is that we we said it would cost enormous sums. I is so ordered. know for most Americans their access looked at my notes, and I was com- Who yields time? to higher education is closing. Student puting, given the figures that we re- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- debt is increasing. What this bill essen- ceived from the Clinton administra- self 2 minutes. tially does is follow the framework of a Mr. President, we have heard I think tion, and estimated this program would principle I believe in, that if you are some compelling arguments against cost $22,000. I remember debating Mr. middle class the role of Government is the AmeriCorps Program. I think in Segal, and he said it would not cost to try to help you stay there or do bet- this vote it is important for our col- that much; the cost would be some- ter and, if you are not middle class, to leagues to focus on the fact that every- thing like $17,000 or $18,000. According be able to get there through hard work, body agrees this program is vitally in to GAO, the cost is almost $27,000. I effort, and merit. need of reform. This program has to be was talking about total cost, the cost That is what national service is all changed. There have been too many to the Federal Government, the cost to about. That is what its intent is, and problems with it. Even if you accept State and local governments, and pri- that is why we have been advocating the fact that paying for volunteers is a vate. this bill. good idea, I think that taking the It turns out to be, if you add the I know that we are in a very skimpy money from assisted housing or those total cost, $17,000 from the AmeriCorps; budget time; that the chairman of this who badly need assisted housing is un- other Federal support, $3,000; State and bill and I struggled over this. I know warranted. I think that raising the local contributions, governments, that originally as we looked at this bill FHA mortgage limits is an idea that $4,000; and private, $1,800. So the pri- the question was, How can we fund it? should be left to the authorizing com- vate supports only 7 percent. The chairman felt we needed money They stated that this was going to be mittees. to go into the community development largely privately funded. It has not Serving on the authorizing com- block grant funds, and I could not fault been. It is largely Government funded mittee, I can tell you that there are him for that—empowering cities to at a cost of $27,000. many good arguments against doing Mr. President, some people said, that. I recognize the difficulty that the make local decisions for economic de- ‘‘Well, this is good so it will help peo- proponents have had in finding funding velopment. Absolutely. ple be educated.’’ The average cost of a for it. This was my problem when I What we face here is not should we or Pell grant is $1,300. It is about one- chose to fund CDBG rather than this should we not support national service. eighteenth the size of this program. program. We have a very skimpy budget alloca- And that is a grant. The average cost I urge my colleagues to join with me tion. I know that there are those who of a student loan is $416. That com- to table this amendment. We will con- say, ‘‘Well, we can do Pell grants; we pares to this program’s average cost of tinue to discuss AmeriCorps in the con- can do four more housing subsidies.’’ $27,000. There is no comparison. ference and beyond. We are waiting for The fact is, I believe under the skimpy Mr. President, in my opinion, this a response from the administration. allocations we are now coping with program is a failure as an education I reserve the remainder of my time. there will not be the money to do these tool. It is a failure as a tool promoting The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. things. I hope we continue the support service or volunteers. We do not need DEWINE). The Senator from Maryland. of national service. the Federal Government to micro- Ms. MIKULSKI. We have been I thank the chairman for the cour- manage a program. We see that all the through a lot of ups and downs already tesies given to us on this and really the Federal Departments—the Veterans today, and I would like to thank all the civility of the debate. I hope that my Department, EPA, Department of Senators for offering their amend- colleagues will vote to continue na- Transportation, Labor, Justice, Inte- ments. tional service. rior—are receiving assistance and Mr. President, I know I have 3 min- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- funds to train volunteers. We do not utes for summing up. Let me just say ator from Missouri. need that. this. There is much to be said in favor Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I have seen And then when you find out that Big of national service and much criticism the wisdom and I shall not offer a ta- Brothers and Big Sisters and Red Cross in terms I think of the need for a tight- bling motion. I shall ask my colleagues and Girl Scouts have been denied er ship. I think we would agree with to vote against this measure. funds, this does not make sense. We the need for a tighter ship. I could not agree more strongly with cannot afford this program. Let us put Let me just say in conclusion, my the goals and the views expressed by the scarce resources that we have in life has been devoted to creating an op- my ranking member about the Amer- the programs that will help thousands. portunity structure. I am absolutely ican dream. But I do not believe it in- Actually, we have millions; we have 9 committed to giving help to those who volves AmeriCorps or paid Federal million students that benefited under practice self-help. My great grand- Government volunteer service. I am the guaranteed student loan program mother came to this country from Po- very much concerned, and I think all or the Pell grant program. We can help land for a prearranged marriage with my colleagues should be. I hope they millions in those programs, and we $16 and a feather bed mattress. She would vote against this amendment, have been doing so. We are wasting came with no guarantees. She came even if they support the concept of millions of dollars under this program. seeking opportunities. And she came AmeriCorps, because it takes money It is a time to defund it, and I hope because she believed in the United from housing assistance, from the el- that this amendment by our friend States of America there would be ac- derly, the disabled, those with AIDS, from Maryland will be defeated. I cess to something called the American and it raises the FHA mortgage limit. thank my colleague from Missouri. dream. The triad of the American I do not believe it is the time or the Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I thank my dream was homeownership, access to amendment on which we should move colleague from Oklahoma and the oth- education, and personal freedom. forward with AmeriCorps. I ask for the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14271 support of my colleagues in opposing The PRESIDING OFFICER. It has raised about administration plans to this amendment. been. participate in a peace enforcement op- Now, Mr. President, I suggest the ab- Mr. DOLE. I ask unanimous consent eration. Unfortunately, these officials sence of a quorum. to use leader’s time. did not answer any of these questions, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without claiming that the planning process was clerk will call the roll. objection, it is so ordered. not finished. The bill clerk proceeded to call the f Mr. President, the point of consulta- roll. tions is to have input before there is a Mr. DOLE. I ask further proceedings CONSULTING CONGRESS finished plan, before the Congress is under the quorum call be dispensed Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, yesterday, handed a fait accompli. We do not want with. together with some of my colleagues, I to be told after the fact that is a brief- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sent a letter to President Clinton urg- ing, not a consultation. And we have objection, it is so ordered. ing him to consult with the Congress had plenty of those where we are in- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I ask on the nature of the commitments his formed. We are not consulted; we are for the yeas and nays. administration has made to our NATO told. Lists of administration briefings The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a allies and the Bosnians with respect to and returned phone calls don’t add up sufficient second? United States involvement in a poten- to consultation. There appears to be a sufficient sec- tial peace enforcement operation in Today administration officials and ond. Bosnia. The letter included a number members of the contact group con- The yeas and nays were ordered. of specific questions about such an op- cluded a second round of negotiations The question is on agreeing to the eration and the wisdom of the adminis- with the Bosnian, Croatian, and Ser- amendment No. 2781 offered by the Sen- tration’s present approach. bian Foreign Ministers on principles ator from Maryland [Ms. MIKULSKI]. Much to my surprise, administration for a peace settlement. There is little The yeas and nays have been ordered. spokesmen protested this letter claim- doubt in my mind that whether the The clerk will call the roll. ing that there have been numerous Bosnian Government continues partici- The assistant legislative clerk called consultations on this matter. pating in these talks and finally agrees the roll. Despite White House claims, the fact to sign a settlement will depend sig- Mr. LOTT. I announce that the Sen- is that the Clinton administration has nificantly on whether or not the ator from Texas [Mr. GRAMM] is nec- not consulted the Congress on sending United States sends troops to enforce essarily absent. United States ground forces to Bosnia it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there since 1993—when consultations were Let us face it, the so-called agreed any other Senators in the Chamber de- held on possible enforcement of the principles are vague, except in that siring to vote? Vance-Owen plan. they partition Bosnia into two entities. The result was announced—yeas 47, What was Congress’ reaction then? As such, the Bosnians are bound to rely on United States guarantees where nays 52, as follows: As part of the fiscal year 1994 Defense there are differences with the Serbs, [Rollcall Vote No. 464 Leg.] Appropriations bill we passed an which are inevitable on matters of Bos- YEAS—47 amendment, 99 to 1. The Mitchell-Dole nia’s sovereignty and territorial integ- Akaka Feinstein Mikulski amendment—which reads as follows, rity. Because the administration and Baucus Ford Moseley-Braun and I quote: Biden Glenn Moynihan allied approach has left the Bosnians Bingaman Graham Murray It is the sense of the Congress that none of without the means to secure their own Boxer Harkin the funds appropriated or otherwise made Nunn peace, they will depend on those troops Bradley Heflin Pell available by this act should be available for Breaux Inouye Pryor the purposes of deploying United States sent to enforce a settlement to defend Bryan Jeffords Reid Armed Forces to participate in the imple- their sovereignty. Bumpers Johnston Robb Mr. President, we are still waiting to Campbell Kennedy mentation of a peace settlement in Bosnia- Rockefeller Chafee Kerrey Herzegovina, unless previously authorized by hear the administration’s plan on lift- Sarbanes Cohen Kerry the Congress. ing the arms embargo on Bosnia, a Conrad Lautenberg Simon question that remains relevant now, as Snowe A subsequent provision addressed Daschle Leahy well as central to any exit strategy for Dodd Levin Specter consultation on U.S. participation in Dorgan Lieberman Wellstone any peacekeeping or peace-enforce- American forces. I cannot conceive of supporting a plan that sends United NAYS—52 ment operations and opposed it unless, and I quote: States troops into Bosnia, while leav- Abraham Frist McCain ing the Bosnians unable to defend Ashcroft Gorton McConnell The President initiates consultations with Bennett Grams Murkowski the bipartisan leadership of Congress... against future aggression. We must know what the administra- Bond Grassley Nickles This was followed by directions for Brown Gregg tion is telling the Bosnians, the Serbs, Packwood such consultation, including discussion Burns Hatch Pressler and our NATO allies, what promises Byrd Hatfield Roth of the goals of the operation, U.S. in- and what threats, are being made. We Coats Helms Santorum terests, the costs, funding strategy, ex- Cochran Hollings also need to know what commitments Shelby Coverdell Hutchison tent of U.S. involvement, and the ex- Simpson are being made to the Russians with Craig Inhofe pected duration and scope of the oper- Smith respect to their participation. In par- D’Amato Kassebaum ation. DeWine Kempthorne Stevens ticular what is the administration re- Dole Kohl Thomas Well, it is more than 2 years later— sponse to Russian demands to share Domenici Kyl Thompson more than 2 years later—and a great command with NATO in an enforce- Thurmond Exon Lott deal has changed. The situation on the ment operation? Will U.S. forces be Faircloth Lugar Warner ground is not what it was and the peace Feingold Mack under unified NATO command at all settlement being negotiated is also not times? NOT VOTING—1 what it was. While we are aware that The bottom line is that U.S. credi- Gramm the administration continues to repeat bility depends on the United States So the amendment (No. 2781) was re- its commitment to send U.S. troops to keeping its word, meaning what it jected. participate in a settlement force, we in says. NATO credibility is also on the Mr. BOND. I move to reconsider the the Congress do not know what that line. Why has there been no response to vote. means in concrete terms. And we be- Bosnian Serb violations of the NATO Mr. DOLE. I move to lay that motion lieve we have a right to know. no-fly zone reported today and last on the table. About 21⁄2 weeks ago, the administra- week? The motion to lay on the table was tion sent a high level team, led by Dep- No doubt about it, there is a lot at agreed to. uty Secretary of Defense White, to stake here—United States and NATO Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, was lead- brief Senators on the NATO air cam- credibility, as well as the future of Bos- er’s time reserved? paign. At that time, questions were nia.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 It cannot escape the administration (5) Would NATO be in complete command JOHN W. WARNER, that the Congress has repudiated its of all forces involved in an enforcement oper- THAD COCHRAN, approach toward Bosnia for the past 2 ation? Or would Russian forces an non-NATO BOB SMITH, years. An overwhelming bipartisan ma- forces be under different command arrange- JESSE HELMS, ments? If so, how would these varied com- ARLEN SPECTER, jority has opposed the arms embargo, mand arrangements be ultimately integrated JAMES M. INHOFE, and Congress has voiced concerns with in order to achieve unity of command? Is DIRK KEMPTHORNE, respect to peace plans that would de- there to be another dual- key command? JON KYL, stroy the sovereignty and territorial (6) When would NATO forces be deployed— KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON. integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. immediately after an agreement is signed or Mr. DOLE. I reserve the balance of So, to operate under the assumption after Bosnian government and Bosnian Serb my leader’s time. that Congress will approve administra- forces withdraw to lines of demarcation? What if the fighting does not stop after an f tion plans to send thousands of Ameri- agreement is signed? DEPARTMENTS OF VETERANS AF- cans in harm’s way to enforce a settle- (7) Is there a time table for UNPROFOR FAIRS AND HOUSING AND URBAN ment is a major error. The fact is that withdrawal? Would some of these U.N. units, DEVELOPMENT, AND INDE- the Clinton administration may be from NATO contributing countries, remain PENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIA- making promises it cannot or should as part of the new force? TIONS ACT, 1966 not keep. (8) When would the ‘‘dual key’’ be elimi- Therefore, I am writing today to the nated? Would there be any other U.N. input The Senate continued with the con- into the command arrangements? sideration of the bill. chairmen of the Appropriations, Armed (9) What would the rules of engagement for Services and Foreign Relations Com- NATO forces be? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pre- mittees to request that they hold ex- (10) Where would NATO troops be de- vious order is the Senator from Mary- tensive hearings on this critical issue. ployed? In Bosnian Serb controlled terri- land is to be recognized to offer an I will request that the questions asked tory? amendment. in the letter to President Clinton form (11) Would Bosnian government forces be Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, let me in- supplied with additional arms during this en- dicate to my colleagues what we hope the basis of their examination of this forcement period so that Bosnia can better matter. to achieve here this evening. defend itself against aggression after NATO The Senator from Maryland will be I ask unanimous consent that a copy forces leave? If so, what types of weapons of the letter we sent to the President would be provided and by whom? Has a com- recognized. I understand there is a 1- today be printed in the RECORD. mitment to provide military assistance—to hour time agreement. We are willing to There being no objection, the letter include arms and/or training—to the Bosnian accept a 1-hour time agreement on the was ordered to be printed in the government in a post-settlement period been amendment. made by Assistant Secretary Holbrooke, or RECORD, as follows: Mr. SARBANES. It has already been any other administration officials to Bos- agreed to. U.S. SENATE, nian government officials? OFFICE OF THE REPUBLICAN LEADER, Mr. DOLE. We will do that amend- (12) How long would NATO troops be de- ment and then the amendment of the Washington, DC, September 25, 1995. ployed? What is the exit strategy? The PRESIDENT, (13) What are the estimated costs of such a Senator from Vermont, Senator JEF- The White House, NATO deployment? What would the U.S. FORDS. I understand there is a 30- Washington, DC. share be and how does the administration minute time agreement agreed to or DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: It is our under- plan to pay for it? willing to be agreed to. We will have standing that your administration, together Mr. President, these are not the only ques- those two votes. with our NATO allies, is completing plans to tions that will need to be answered, but they By that time, we hope to be in a posi- enforce a potential settlement in Bosnia and are essential to any Congressional debate tion to announce what will happen to Herzegovina—a settlement not yet finalized. and consideration of commitments made by Much to our dismay, what we have learned you and your administration with respect to the remainder of the evening. I am about possible U.S. troop obligations has U.S. troops participating in an enforcement hopeful that Members who still have been largely from press reports. To date, operation. amendments will be willing to debate your administration has failed to consult Thre are also matters of principle that will those amendments tonight and we will with the Congress on the nature and extent have to be carefully considered. First and start voting on the amendments to- of commitments made to our NATO allies foremost is a very fundamental question— morrow. and the Bosnian government regarding U.S. whether United States forces should be de- We are talking about the additional participation in a force to implement a set- ployed to partition a sovereign and inde- amendments. There are two Rocke- tlement. We are especially concerned since pendent country into two entities. Our men those forces must consist primarily of and women in the military have protected feller amendments, a Baucus amend- ground troops. There should be no doubts our freedom and our interests and defended ment, Moseley-Braun. that without the concurrence of the Con- our principles. Do we want to place our sol- Ms. MIKULSKI. As you know, we gress these commitments will not be ful- diers in harms’ way to defend the com- have been moving along very well on filled. promise of our principles? We must also ask this bill, and what we will endeavor to In our view, your administration must an- whether or not any settlement reached has do, and I thought we had, is to see if swer the following questions as soon as pos- been agreed to freely by the Bosnian govern- Senators ROCKEFELLER and BAUCUS will sible in order that the Senate may begin to ment and without coercion. We are con- offer their amendments tonight be- fulfill its responsibility to carefully evaluate cerned about news reports that senior ad- this matter: ministration officials gained Bosnian gov- cause they are on the Finance Com- (1) What specific commitments regarding ernment agreement on the first set of mittee. That would, I think, take us U.S. troop participation have been made by ‘‘Agreed Principles’’ by threatening a halt in through a substantial part of the your administration to our NATO allies? NATO bombing. Finally, we must ask wheth- evening. (2) What specific commitments regarding er it would not be more just and more wise Mr. DOLE. I suggest after these two U.S. troop participation have been made by to lift the arms embargo on Bosnia and votes we will announce what agree- your administration to the Bosnian govern- Herzegovina, and allow the Bosnians to fight ment we have been able to reach. We ment? until there is a stable military balance—the may not be able to reach any agree- (3) What is the range of total NATO ground precondition for any settlement which would force levels, related to enforcement of a Bos- not require the deployment of thousands of ment. I do not want to keep raising nian peace settlement, being considered in American and NATO troops to police it. this, but whether or not we are in ses- the administration and at NATO head- Mr. President, we have serious concerns sion next week depends on whether or quarters? What would the U.S. contribution about the commitments you and your ad- not we finish this bill, Labor-HHS, and of forces be? What is the estimate of the ministration reportedly have made with re- State, Justice, and Commerce. number of reservists that would need to be spect to U.S. participation—to include thou- Yesterday we did not do anything. called up? What is the estimated impact of sands of ground forces—in enforcing a pos- We had debate on one amendment. The such a deployment on readiness? sible Bosnian peace settlement. We hope amendment was voted on at 2:15 today. (4) Would this be a NATO-only operation or that you will begin to consult earnestly and would Russian troops and/or other troops, forthrightly with the Congress in the very My view is it is our hope we can fin- from Islamic countries for example, also be a near future. ish this bill tonight and finish Labor- part of that total force enforcing a settle- Sincerely, HHS by Thursday and dispose of the ment? ROBERT DOLE, other bills by Saturday. If we cannot

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14273 do it, we cannot do it, and we will be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- would allow these cuts to stand.’’ She here next week. ator from Maryland is recognized for 5 is talking about the cuts to the home- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- minutes. less programs. ator from Maryland is recognized to Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I She goes on to cite two studies which offer an amendment. very much hope that Members will per- conclusively demonstrate that the sup- AMENDMENT NO. 2782 ceive this amendment in a way that portive housing dimension of the home- (Purpose: To restore homeless assistance will enable us to adopt it. In fact, I less program is working exceedingly funding to fiscal year 1995 levels using ex- hope the manager of the bill will ac- well. As she notes, ‘‘* * * cuts, far from cess public housing agency project re- cept it, after we discuss it a bit. saving money, will waste it.’’ She goes serves, and for other purposes) What this amendment does is restore Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I $360 million for homeless assistance on to say, ‘‘Put simply, not housing send an amendment to the desk and funding. It brings the funding for the our most vulnerable Americans costs ask for its immediate consideration. homeless back to the 1995 level of millions more than housing them. It’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. The $1,120,000,000. The bill reported from just common sense.’’ clerk will report. the Appropriations Committee has a And she concludes this article: ‘‘*** The assistant legislative clerk read figure of $760,000,000. That is a cut of we do know how to end homelessness. as follows: $360 million—a cut of 32 percent from And while the cure is not cost-free, it The Senator from Maryland [Mr. SAR- the 1995 funding level—the largest per- costs a whole lot less than not facing— BANES] for himself, Mr. SIMON, and Mr. DODD, centage funding cut of any of HUD’s and solving—the problem. Saving lives proposes an amendment numbered 2782. formula-driven programs. and saving money—how can that be Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I ask Homeless assistance programs are a bad?’’ unanimous consent that reading of the critical part of the safety net. Increasing the homeless funding back amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without up to the 1995 levels will provide an op- ator will suspend. Members who are portunity to reform how the homeless objection, it is so ordered. having conversation in the aisles will The amendment is as follows: assistance programs are administered. please retire to the cloakroom. The most notable feature of the reform At the appropriate place in title II of the The Senator from Maryland. bill, insert the following new section: Mr. SARBANES. The homeless as- effort is the push to convert the exist- SEC. . HOMELESS ASSISTANCE FUNDING. sistance programs are a critical part of ing collection of seven categorical (a) ASSISTANCE FOR THE RENEWAL OF EXPIR- the safety net. The safety net is being grant programs at HUD into a single ING SECTION 8 SUBSIDY CONTRACTS.— program delivered by formula to State (1) REDUCED APPROPRIATION.—Notwith- badly shredded. I certainly hope it standing any other provision of this Act, the would not happen to the programs that and local governments. amount made available under title II of this really deal with the people who are out The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Act under the heading ‘‘HOUSING PROGRAMS’’ on the street—people who are out on Chair advises the Senator he has used 5 under the subheading ‘‘ASSISTANCE FOR THE the street without a place to stay. minutes. RENEWAL OF EXPIRING SECTION 8 SUBSIDY CON- The offset for this additional money TRACTS’’, is reduced from $4,350,862,000 to Mr. SARBANES. I yield myself 3 ad- $3,990,862,000. would take funds out of section 8 pro- ditional minutes. gram reserves. Housing authorities (2) USE OF ASSISTANCE.—Notwithstanding The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- any other provision of this Act, in using that have expiring section 8 contracts amounts made available under title II of this have money available to them. In the ator is recognized. Act under the heading ‘‘HOUSING PROGRAMS’’ past, the authorities have been able to Mr. SARBANES. A formula grant under the subheading ‘‘ASSISTANCE FOR THE roll the reserves over. This amendment will allow better organization at the RENEWAL OF EXPIRING SECTION 8 SUBSIDY CON- would utilize those funds for section 8 local level and facilitate better plan- TRACTS’’ to renew an annual contributions contract with a public housing agency ad- renewals. In the past, the public hous- ning as funding levels become more ministering the tenant-based existing hous- ing authorities have used the reserves predictable. The VA–HUD bill allows a ing certificate program under section 8(d) of to augment the section 8 program. I re- formula approach, but it does not pro- the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 gret using section 8 as an offset be- vide adequate funding. This amend- U.S.C. 1437f(d)) or the housing voucher pro- cause I think the section 8 program is ment would raise the total homeless gram under section 8(o) of the United States also very important. But, in deciding funding to a level that would allow a Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)), the between these two choices, it seems to formula approach to make sense. In Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop- me we have to pay more attention to fact, the Appropriations Committee ment shall take into account the amount in the project reserve under the contract being the pressing problem of the homeless. recognized it in their report. The com- renewed in determining the amount of budg- The Secretary of HUD has sent a let- mittee stated: ‘‘The committee is wor- et authority to obligate under the renewed ter indicating that the expiring section ried that the block grant approach contract. 8 contracts could be renewed by the with funds less than $1 billion may dis- (b) HOMELESS ASSISTANCE.— money provided in the bill—even after advantage some areas with significant (1) INCREASED APPROPRIATION.—Notwith- this offset—even after the utilization homeless problems and homeless pro- standing any other provision of this Act, the of the $360 million—in order to bring amount made available under title II of this viders.’’ the funding for the homeless up to this Act under the heading ‘‘HOMELESS ASSIST- This amendment addresses that prob- ANCE’’ under the subheading ‘‘HOMELESS AS- year’s level. Let me very quickly cover the impor- lem. It brings the homeless funding fig- SISTANCE GRANTS’’ is increased from ure back up to this year’s level and $760,000,000 to $1,120,000,000. tance of passing this amendment. On makes it possible to use the formula (2) RESTRICTION.—Notwithstanding section September 11, there appeared an excel- 504 or any other provision of this Act, of the lent article in the Washington Post by approach. Almost everyone is sup- funds made available under title II of this Lucie McKinney, the widow of Stewart portive of a formula approach. In fact, Act under the heading ‘‘HOMELESS ASSIST- McKinney, Republican Member of the the Senate Banking Committee re- ANCE’’ under the subheading ‘‘HOMELESS AS- ported a bill that included such a pro- SISTANCE GRANTS’’, $360,000,000 shall not be- House of Representatives from the State of Connecticut. Representative gram last year on a bipartisan, 15 to 3 come available for obligation until Sep- vote. tember 30, 1996, and shall remain available McKinney was a very able and distin- until expended. guished Member of the Congress who I am not going to go through a litany Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, am I took a very keen interest in the prob- of the numbers of people who are on correct that we have 30 minutes on this lems of the homeless. In fact, the the street. I do want to point out, how- side and 30 minutes for the manager of McKinney Act programs are named ever, how much of this is a veterans the bill? after him. That act includes the range problem. Well over a third of the home- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- of homeless programs addressed by this less have served in the Armed Forces. ator is correct. amendment. It is estimated that about 275,000 vet- Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I Ms. McKinney points out, ‘‘I’m erans are homeless on any given night. yield myself 5 minutes and ask the stunned that Congress, which has pro- The single largest segment of homeless Chair to inform me when that time has claimed its commitment to finding and veterans—55 to 60 percent—are from been utilized. funding plans that actually work, the Vietnam era.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 The demand for these funds is signifi- [From the Washington Post, Sept. 11, 1995] months before he died, he even spent a night cant. Last year applications for funds DUMB MOVE ON HOUSING on the streets in 20-below weather to bring media attention to the plight of homeless for assistance to the homeless were 21⁄2 (By Lucie C. McKinney) people. Yes, he was deathly ill at the time, times the amount which the Congress Right before the summer break, the House but so are more than 70 percent of homeless had appropriated. approved drastic cuts to housing programs Americans. Let me discuss the offset further. The for the neediest Americans: homeless people We may not have a cure for AIDS, cancer offset for this amendment comes from who have chronic mental and medical ill- or a way to provide health care to all Ameri- nesses. Four of these—the McKinney Pro- section 8 contract renewal accounts. cans, but we do know how to end homeless- grams, named after my late husband, Stew- ness. And while the cure is not cost-free, it Currently, HUD is holding reserves in art B. McKinney, who was a Republican rep- costs a whole lot less than not facing—and section 8 contracts on behalf of housing resentative from Connecticut—face reduc- solving—the problem. Saving lives and sav- agencies that administer the section 8 tions of 40 percent or $444 million (as com- ing money—how can that be bad? program. The amendment would allow pared to the unasked-for $7 billion the House Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, I ask HUD to take into account the project decided to give the Pentagon). Usually when I testify before Congress I talk about the unanimous consent that an editorial reserves when considering the amount from the Chicago Sun Times entitled to provide housing agencies when con- people who have reclaimed their lives through the offer of housing and a helping ‘‘Rush To Trim Budget Cuts Off Home- tracts are to be renewed. Money would hand. In keeping with the times, however, I’d less’’ be printed in the RECORD. not be available to, in effect, uplift the like to reframe the debate—and talk about There being no objection, the mate- section 8 program. The HUD Secretary statistics and cold, hard cash. rial was ordered to be printed in the has assured us, however, that enough I’m stunned that Congress, which has pro- RECORD, as follows: money would remain to do the contract claimed its commitment to finding and fund- [From the Chicago Sun Times, Sept. 13, 1995] ing plans that actually work, would allow renewals. RUSH TO TRIM BUDGET CUTS OFF HOMELESS these cuts to stand. The McKinney Programs I therefore suggest to my colleagues, provide funding from something called sup- Once again, Congress is using a machete in terms of priority, it makes eminent portive housing—permanent housing linked instead of a paring knife to cut the federal good sense to shift this money out of to a safety net of support services that allow budget to help pay for an unaffordable tax section 8 and put it into the homeless even chronically disabled people who are cut. The latest casualty is the McKinney Home- programs. The last thing we want to homeless to live autonomously in hope and dignity. And according to the evidence, in- less Services Program. The House already see is people wandering our streets, voted to cut the program by 44 percent, to many of them suffering from mental cluding two separate government evalua- tions, supportive housing is our best bet for $676 million. Today, the Senate Appropria- and physical disabilities. It is a prob- ending homelessness and doing so cost-effec- tions Committee will consider a plan to re- lem that cuts to the very heart of what tively. duce it by a third, to $760 million. The short- we stand for as a society. The first study found that formerly home- term savings ignore the long-term expense of less people with severe mental illnesses their actions. This amendment offers the oppor- Housing providers use McKinney money to achieved stability at a rate of 83.4 percent in tunity to bring it back to this year’s pay for supportive services to people who supportive housing. Tenants also cut their level and to enable us to move forward otherwise would be living on the streets. On hospital inpatient use by 50 percent, The the streets, homeless people spend their en- in partnership with State and local four-year evaluation concluded that this ergy looking for food and a safe place to governments and with the private sec- unique housing ‘‘not only will alleviate sleep. They can’t waste time seeking treat- tor—churches, community groups and human suffering, but also will reduce costs ment for substance abuse, mental illness or other similar action organizations—in for institutionalization and hospitalization. AIDS. They aren’t enrolled in job training The five projects [studied] offer proof that order to address this very pressing programs. They can’t even get a bath and a the face of homelessness in America can be problem. change of clothes—the first step toward a changed dramatically.’’ I very strongly urge my colleagues to The second evaluation found a success rate job. Formerly homeless people now living in support this amendment. of 84.5 percent and concluded that supportive Lakefront SRO (single room occupancy) housing—‘‘provided cost-effective assistance I yield 5 minutes to the Senator from apartment buildings can do all those things. to help families and individuals escape from Illinois. Lakefront provides the services for $2,500 per homelessness.’’ person per year at six buildings in Chicago. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- So. These programs actually end homeless- Shelters—the primary housing option for ator yields 5 minutes to the Senator ness, which is one of those seemingly intrac- most homeless people—cost as much as four from Illinois. table social problems we thought would be a times that and provide little more than a permanent part of the American urban land- Mr. SIMON. I thank my colleague place to sleep. If the homeless person ends up scape. from Maryland for offering this amend- As to the cost, Congress doesn’t seem to in a hospital or prison, the taxpayers’ burden ment. grasp the fact that cuts, far from saving skyrockets—without any hope of breaking money, will waste it. Put simply, not hous- the cycle of homelessness. Mr. President, I rise in support of No doubt, senators will emerge from to- ing our most vulnerable Americans costs this amendment. These subcommittees day’s committee meeting patting themselves millions more than housing them. It’s just and committees have tough choices to on the back for having restored some of the common sense: People with mental illnesses make, but the reference has already draconian cuts made by the House. But they end up using expensive hospital beds, state still must answer tough questions about how been made to the op-ed piece by the psychiatric institutions and even jails as de much saving $440 million now will cost us widow of our former House colleague, facto housing; people with AIDS end up in later. Stewart McKinney. Senator SARBANES acute-care beds (at more than $1,000 a day); referred to two studies. Let me just people with alcohol or drug dependencies Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, on Sun- read from that one study. stay too long in high-cost treatment pro- day—I happened to spend a weekend in grams. Meanwhile, they are still homeless, Washington—I was reading a little bit The first study found that formerly still dependent on crisis services and no clos- from a small book that I had not read homeless people with severe mental ill- er to living independent productive lives. for years. It was Will Durant’s ‘‘The nesses achieved stability at a rate of This is worse than penny-wise, pound-fool- Lessons of History.’’ What he says in 83.4 percent in supportive housing. Ten- ish—it’s billions foolish. this book—my colleague from Mary- ants also cut their hospital in patient The cost of providing housing linked to land who is a history buff will appre- use by 50 percent. The 4-year evalua- services, on the other hand, can be as little ciate this also—is that there is, among tion concluded that this unique hous- as $10,000 a year, an expenditure that actu- other things, one consistent action in ing ‘‘not only will alleviate human suf- ally ends that person’s homelessness and al- lows him or her to use clinics instead of nations; that is, the struggle between fering, but also will reduce costs for in- emergency rooms, counseling instead of psy- those who are fortunate and those who stitutionalization and hospitalization.’’ chiatric hospitalizations and drug counseling are less fortunate. And those who are I ask unanimous consent that the en- instead of treatment centers. Supportive fortunate usually put the squeeze on housing also promotes self-sufficiency tire op-ed piece be printed in the those who are less fortunate, and ulti- RECORD. through employment and education link- ages. Aren’t these the very goals Congress is mately it hurts those who are more There being no objection, the mate- so anxious to advance? fortunate. rial was ordered to be printed in the My late husband was committed to ending I think we are going through that RECORD, as follows: the blight of widespread homelessness. Four struggle in a variety of ways right here

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14275 in this very Senate. I can remember— Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- I note that those who suggest this re- I see some of my colleagues on the self such time as I may require. duction in contract reserves claim that floor who will remember this, also. Mr. President, I appreciate the good the section 8 amendment funding could Maybe the Presiding Officer is young motives. I appreciate the concern of be provided at a later point to make up enough not to remember this. But I can the Senator from Maryland, the leader any shortfalls. Unfortunately, this as- remember when we did not have any- of the authorizing committee on his sumes there will be adequate funding where near the number of homeless side. I appreciate the thoughtful com- within our budget allocation to accom- people on the streets of our Nation ments by the Senator from Illinois as modate such an appropriation request, that we have today. In Chicago, on well. in addition to meeting the growing re- Madison Avenue, there was a place But unfortunately, this is an effort newal needs of these section 8 con- where we had what we used to call to take money from one pocket and put tracts, all in the face of further reduc- winos. I am afraid it was not a respect- it in another pocket. It does so in a tions in overall discretionary spending. ful term. But it was used commonly way that I do not think is particularly Mr. President, that is the fallacy be- where the winos were. But we did not productive. I think it may even be hind this offset. I described earlier the have homeless people as generally as counterproductive. While I commend difficulties in finding offsets. There are we have today. them for their motives, I do not think no easy places to find offsets. Then I look at this allocation within it accomplishes anything. In reality, this measure is no offset the subcommittee. I find that the larg- This is in the arcane rule of scoring at all because the net effect of the budgetary authority and outlays. I est percentage cut in any of HUD’s for- amendment is to increase program apologize in advance to my colleagues. mula-driven programs is 32 percent funding levels. It simply proposes to But let me tell you what has happened. which is taken off of the programs for borrow funds previously set aside for the homeless. The amendment proposes a budg- etary offset from the HUD appropria- section 8 program costs to augment yet We are not going to have any home- another activity, neither of which can less here lobbying us on this one. There tions. It takes it out of the renewal of section 8 rental subsidy contracts. It be maintained in the future at the in- are not any big campaign contributions creased spending levels if we ever hope from any homeless. But it sure says takes out $360 million. The amendment to balance the Federal budget. something about our priorities and is predicated on the reduction of I should add that the sponsors of this where we are. project reserves. These are reserves Let me just add, my friends, that I held by local housing authorities for amendment have acknowledged the know it is tough for the chairman of section 8 certificates and vouchers in real programmatic effect of this budg- this subcommittee and the members of use for low-income families to cover etary shell game by delaying the avail- the subcommittee to make these potential increases in rent or reduc- ability of the $360 million added for choices. It can get worse. I heard my tions in resident income during the re- homeless programs until the last day colleague from Illinois, Senator CAROL maining contract term. In other words, of the year. MOSELEY-BRAUN, the other day refer to this is taking money away from one I refer my colleagues who are inter- an article in a history magazine that I group of very poor who need housing to ested to page 3 of the amendment. The happened to read also which talked another group of very poor who need last paragraph says ‘‘Restriction.’’ about homelessness in New York City housing. Notwithstanding section 504, or any other back at the turn of the century when During the consideration of the re- provision of this act, the funds made avail- young people were dropped off at cently enacted rescissions bill, we able under title II of this act under the sub- heading ‘‘homeless assistance’’ grants, $360 churches. And that is where we got the closely examined the funding needs of the existing section 8 contracts to re- million shall not become available for obli- name ‘‘foundlings.’’ People found them gation until September 30, 1996, and shall re- in churches, and they would take train move any excess funds. Only 4 months main available until expended. loads of these young people from New ago, this body, along with the House In other words, to avoid the Budget York City and take them out to the and the President, after we carefully Act point of order, they said they are West, to Wyoming, to California, to Or- assessed the needs, determined that appropriating it for the coming year, egon. People would show up at the some $427 million could be rescinded but you cannot spend it until the end train station and look around and find from the section 8 reserves without, in of the next fiscal year, to avoid the a child that they might want to adopt our view, potentially jeopardizing the Budget Act point of order for breaching sound financing of these outstanding and take care of. the fiscal year 1996 allocation. rental contracts. That rescission has Can things get worse? You bet they Mr. President, I merely point out already been enacted into law. We now can get worse. that if the sponsors of the amendment This is a program that works. Yes. find ourselves a few months later again are concerned about increasing fiscal We have tough decisions to make. But attempting to raid these contract re- year 1997 homeless program spending, before we take money and say we have serves to fund increased homeless ac- then it would be wise simply to wait to have a tax cut, we have tough deci- tivities. until next year’s appropriations bill sions to make. But here is one. If you There are two things I could say and offer an amendment to take funds are to say who are the people who des- about the amendment. If we fail to ade- perately need help in terms of public quately maintain reserves for the cost from the 1997 appropriations. Maybe we housing and in terms of health, it is of section 8 contracts, we will surely can work with the sponsors and the these homeless people. I am sure none need additional homeless funding to as- proponents of the amendment to find of them are registered to vote, or very sist the families that get evicted when funding in that year. But it looks like few of them are. But some of them their rental contracts run out of a difficult year. This is an effort to have mental illness. Some of them money. So we could be pushing another fund in 1997 some programs from the have alcohol and drug problems, a vari- group out into the street. budget authority in 1996. ety of problems. We ought to help Mr. President, the pending amend- I urge my colleagues to reject this them. ment proposes to cut another $360 mil- amendment. The best of motives but, That is what the amendment offered lion from section 8 contract reserves. I unfortunately, will do nothing towards by my colleague from Maryland is should point out that more than half meeting the current need for homeless doing. I am proud to stand up and urge the current estimate of the total assistance activities. It does not even adoption of this amendment. This is amount held in these reserves is by click in until September of next year. one that ought to be an easy vote for local housing authorities. It undermines our budgetary and def- Members of the Senate. New York City, for example, stands icit control efforts, and it jeopardizes Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, what to lose as much as $90 million if this re- the viability of housing assistance con- is the time situation? duction is taken proportionately. Such tracts currently in use by thousands of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. a large reduction could jeopardize the families across the Nation. ABRAHAM). At this point the Senator financial viability of the contracts I reserve the remainder of my time. from Maryland has 16 minutes, and the issued and administered by that large The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Senator from Missouri has 30. housing authority. yields time?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I the problem of the homeless, even The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- yield myself 5 minutes. though we have to move money out of ator’s 5 minutes have expired. First of all, the amendment does not another program? I think the problems Mr. SARBANES. I yield myself one jeopardize the contracts. We have a let- of the homeless are a critical priority. minute. The article by Ms. McKinney ter here from the Secretary of HUD. I What the extra money for the home- continues: ‘‘And while the cure is not ask unanimous consent to include it in less program would enable us to do is cost free, it costs a whole lot less than the RECORD. use a formula approach. Virtually ev- not facing and solving the problem. Mr. BOND. Could I see a copy of that? eryone is in favor of a formula ap- Saving lives and saving money, how Will the Senator provide me a copy, proach. The additional funds made can that be bad?’’ please. available in this amendment would be- Mr. President, I strongly urge my Mr. SARBANES. Certainly. come part of a larger pool which would colleagues to support this amendment. There being no objection, the letter enable the Department to apply the Mr. President, what is the time situ- was ordered to be printed in the formula to allocate the funds. We need ation? RECORD, as follows: enough funds to make the formula re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. At this THE SECRETARY, U.S. DEPARTMENT alistic. point the Senator from Maryland has OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOP- The fact that the additional money 10 minutes and 40 seconds and the Sen- MENT, in this amendment can not be com- ator from Missouri 23 minutes. Washington, DC, September 26, 1995. mitted in a contract with a State or Mr. SARBANES. I yield 5 minutes to Hon. PAUL SARBANES, local government until the end of the the Senator from Maryland. Senate Hart Office Building, Washington, DC. fiscal year does not affect then the Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise DEAR PAUL: I am writing this letter to ex- press my support for an amendment to the ability of the States and the localities today in strong support of the Sarbanes Senate Appropriations bill which would re- to prepare for the money on the basis amendment which would restore fund- store the level of funding for the homeless of a formula allocation and to develop ing for the homeless assistance pro- assistance programs to their FY 1995 level, their programs accordingly. The com- gram. But I also rise in strong support or $1.12 billion. This amendment would offset mittee report says that ‘‘funding for a of the leadership and advocacy pro- the homeless funding level increase of $360 formula below $1 billion will mean that vided by the senior Senator from Mary- million with a concomitant reduction in the many communities with significant land. I am not the kind of person who section 8 renewal account. likes being No. 2, but I am more than Funding for the renewal of expiring con- homeless programs will not get ade- tracts can be reduced without any impact on quate resources to design and maintain satisfied to be No. 2 to this distin- existing recipients because many public assistance programs to meet their guished Member of the Senate, our sen- housing agencies have sufficient reserves in needs.’’ This amendment would provide ior Senator. their section 8 tenant-based contracts. These enough money and make possible a As we know, he is the ranking mem- agencies can use these reserves to renew ex- major reform in the administration of ber on the Housing Committee. He has piring contracts before receiving additional HUD’s homeless programs. chaired the Subcommittee on Housing federal resources. Ever since 1989, the Congress has re- for a number of years, and his advocacy As you know, the FY 1995 Rescission law peatedly increased the amount of in promoting homeownership, opportu- required the Department to use available PHA reserves in the same manner as this money available for homeless assist- nities for the poor in terms of shelter, amendment would provide. ance. This amendment merely tries to and economic and community develop- We therefore fully support the amendment keep the funding level from 1995 to ment as well as banking reform I think that would offset the increased Homeless 1996. And, in this amendment, we have are to be acknowledged. funding level with available PHA reserves an offset that comes out of another Senator SARBANES really wanted to for section 8 tenant-based contract renewals. housing account. I am not happy about offer many amendments to this bill be- Thank for you your consideration. the offset. I think the housing accounts cause there are issues in this bill re- Sincerely, are being markedly shortchanged. But, lated to housing and their skimpy allo- HENRY CISNEROS. when it comes to a judgment as to cation that warrant both debate and Mr. SARBANES. The Secretary says: whether we ought to let the bill’s dras- additional amendments. He has chosen I am writing this letter to express my sup- tic cut in the money for the homeless to focus his amendment on the poorest port for an amendment to the Senate Appro- stand or draw some money off of the of the poor, that constituency in our priations bill which would restore the level of funding for the homeless assistance pro- section 8 reserves, it seems to me that society that has the least advocacy. grams to the FY 1995 level of $1.12 billion. we ought to use the section 8 reserves The bill before us provides $760 mil- This amendment would offset the homeless in order to assure that the homeless lion for homeless assistance programs, funding level increase of $360 million with a program can continue at a reasonable a cut of $360 million under last year’s concomitant reduction in the section 8 re- level. appropriation and the President’s re- newal account. I again want to underscore that a sig- quest. Funding for the renewal of expiring con- nificant number of Members are talk- The Sarbanes amendment will re- tracts can be reduced without any impact on ing about are the needs of veterans in store this funding to the President’s re- existing recipients— the context of the bill before us. The quest of $1.12 billion. I underscore that ‘‘existing recipi- amendment raises a question of prior- Preliminary analysis of this cut is ents’’— ities. I say to my distinguished friend that HUD would serve a total of 93,000 Because many public housing agencies from Missouri, in the choice between fewer homeless Americans, including have sufficient reserves in their section 8 leaving these funds in reserve accounts 11,000 people who would have received tenant-based contracts. These agencies can to be rolled over into section 8 versus housing if funding had been continued use these reserves to renew expiring con- tracts before receiving additional Federal re- providing shelter for homeless vet- at current levels; 23,000 Americans who sources. erans, I have chosen to move the would lose their homes by denying As you know, the FY 1995 Rescission law money to the homeless programs. The them homeless prevention assistance required the Department to use available money left in the section 8 account that provides short-term rental and PHA reserves in the same manner as this after this amendment will cover exist- utility subsidies in times of family or amendment would provide. ing contracts. What will be lost is the financial crisis; 11,000 day care slots The amendment uses these reserves. housing authorities’ reserves that are which would force the working poor to That means the reserves are not avail- there to cover increases the contract choose between working full-time and able if they want to upgrade the sec- subsidy or to cover rent increases. I caring for their kids; 16,000 disabled tion 8 program. Public housing agen- say to my colleague: Between those Americans would lose mental health cies would be less able to issue more two alternatives it seems to me that counseling provided under current lev- contracts or cover rent increases. The raising the level of appropriations for els; 14,000 homeless persons would be amendment does leave enough money the homeless ought to take precedent. denied substance abuse counseling; and to fulfill existing contracts. As Lucie McKinney said in this very 20,000 homeless families would lose op- The real question then becomes: Is it strong and moving article, ‘‘We do portunities for job placement through a sufficiently higher priority to address know how to end homelessness.’’ HUD and nonprofit agencies.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14277 These numbers are staggering. But I will tell you, down and out in priations subcommittee has been given In fact, this cut represents the first LA, down and out in Baltimore is in- an allocation which is completely inad- reduction in the homeless program creasing. And when we look at the equate to meet the funding needs of the since 1989. homeless, we see what is the face of the programs under her jurisdiction. I What bothers me most about this cut homeless. know how hard she struggled with in homeless funding is the impact of First of all, there are many people that. this cut coupled with others that are who get up and work every day but be- Mr. President, let me make this coming down the pike. cause they often work at the minimum point: State and local governments, Over the past 25 years the construc- wage, they cannot afford housing. We nonprofit groups, church groups, and tion of the interstate highway system, see where men, particularly single community groups have all joined in a immigration and migration trends, the men, are in and out of the shelters but network to try to address the problems shift from manufacturing to service going to work. We also see an increased of the homeless. They are working at and knowledge-based industries, and amount, in the homeless, of single the local level to create comprehensive the flight of the middle class have mothers who have been abandoned, systems on behalf of the homeless, sys- weakened our cities. often with no recourse, who then are tems that outreach and screening, Poverty is growing and becoming finding themselves and their children emergency shelters, transitional facili- more concentrated. out on the street. And now what we are ties, and permanent housing with serv- Twenty-five years ago 3.8 million also seeing is the homeless vet popu- ices where that is necessary. Sup- people lived in the poorest neighbor- lation. And I know the Senator from portive housing is the approach to hoods in our largest 94 cities. Alaska, Senator MURKOWSKI, has been meeting the needs of the homeless Today, 10.8 million people live in an outspoken advocate of that. So about which Mrs. McKinney wrote in those same areas. her article. In those same 94 cities, unemploy- what we are seeing is an increase in homelessness because we are seeing an Our approach to addressing the needs ment increased by 66 percent between of the homeless is beginning to work. 1970 and 1990. increase in poverty. Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator This is not the time for the Federal The percentage of people employed in Government to back away from its manufacturing jobs has dropped from yield on that very point? Ms. MIKULSKI. Yes. commitment. I implore my colleague 22.1 to 14 in the last 20 years. from Missouri to accept this amend- The point is that as we look across Mr. SARBANES. The figures here in this report before me show that single ment. This amendment makes good the agenda that the new majority in sense. We are weighing the decision be- this Congress is promoting, you can’t men comprise 48 percent of the home- less population. Families with children tween dealing with the homeless, as help but notice the devastating cumu- this amendment seeks to do, and leav- lative impacts of these cuts. now comprise 39 percent of the home- less population. The nature of the ing those moneys in a section 8 reserve The deep cuts being proposed by the account. I do not think that it is even majority in areas like job training pro- homeless population is changing. Ms. MIKULSKI. The Senator knows a close call. We have to try to deal grams, mass transit, and community with the homeless problem. We ought reinvestment programs are drawing where I live in Baltimore, not too far from him, in a neighborhood called not to recede from the fight when we jobs, private investment, and income are finally realizing some success. out of metropolitan areas. Fells Point. It used to be an old Polish neighborhood. It has a little bit of an I reserve the remainder of my time. Cuts in Medicaid and the earned in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who entertainment district. But now we are come tax credit will impact the work- yields time? ing poor. seeing every day the increase of home- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, how much And as the Federal Government con- lessness and panhandling. Yet when time is left on both sides? tinues to shift service costs to local- you talk to the panhandlers, these are The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ities, metropolitan areas will be forced mothers with children trying to get a ator from Missouri has 23 minutes; the to choose between raising taxes and few pennies together to hold the body Senator from Maryland has 4 minutes cutting services and capital budgets. and soul together. I live eight blocks 16 seconds. The result is that our larger cities from public housing. I live around the Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I am about are increasingly becoming less desir- corner from a shelter for battered ready to yield back my time. I have able places in which to live and work. women. Those battered women are one some very brief comments. I yield my- They are becoming warehouses for the step from being homeless. Fortunately, self 3 minutes, and if the proponent of poor. we have public housing. But this in- the amendment wishes to conclude, At a time when our cities need a crease in homelessness is due to a de- then I will respond briefly, and we can helping hand, this Congress is instead cline in wages. It is also due to the de- move on to the next amendment. While adding to the burden. There is no bet- cline of opportunity. So I think, cou- this is a very important amendment, ter example than committee proposal pled with what is going on in our econ- we do not seem to have a great number that the pending amendment seeks to omy combined with other cuts that are of colleagues wishing to debate it. So, address. going to hurt the poor, that we really I yield myself 3 minutes. Mr. President, we have a convergence do need this amendment. I am very Mr. President, I have already made of forces going on in America’s cities much concerned about the growing the point that we are dealing with and also in communities we call the number and the changing profile. some very, very sensitive issues, and, ‘‘inner beltway communities.’’ These There is nothing romantic about the unfortunately, I do not see this amend- were the first suburban communities homeless. The homeless do not think ment as being any solution whatsoever after World War II where the infra- they are romantic. The homeless think because it takes money from an ac- structure is now aging. And in our that they are homeless. And if you talk count designed to prevent homeless- hometown of Baltimore, and in com- to people in our public schools or if you ness in order to add money to those munities like Silver Spring and Oxon go to Mercy Hospital in downtown Bal- who are currently homeless. Hill, and some others, and in our own timore, they are treating more and— Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator home State of Maryland, we see a ris- what they are facing in the hospitals is yield? ing number of homeless. And we see a more and more homeless families, par- Mr. BOND. We are dealing with the new kind of homeless. ticularly the children who have no same population. Frankly, we are try- Sure, the homeless in the past have home and no medical plan. ing to make sure that the money avail- been romanticized. Lucy played a I thank the Senator for his advocacy. able for section 8 grants does not run homeless lady befriended by a young I look forward to his voting for the bill. out next year. woman. We saw ‘‘Down and Out in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time Let me explain. There are a couple LA,’’ some cute, clever kind of story of the Senator has expired. things that can happen. Not only if the about a homeless guy who ends up in a Mr. SARBANES. I very much appre- rents go up, but if the income of the Gucci household and transforms them ciate the support of my colleague and persons receiving the section 8 certifi- in some kind of great metamorphosis. her leadership on this bill. The appro- cate or voucher goes down, more

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 money is needed. And we are digging as soon as I make some closing com- the Senator agrees to lay this aside so into the same pot and potentially caus- ments. we can go to the Jeffords amendment. ing the greater problem. Mr. SARBANES. If the Senator wish- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator es to respond, I will hear him out and ator from Maryland has 3 minutes, 23 yield? then make my closing statement. seconds. Mr. BOND. I will be happy to. Mr. BOND. I will say, first, we are Mr. SARBANES. Let me say to my Mr. SARBANES. Would it not make asking HUD to promulgate rules colleague from Missouri, and I am on more sense to take the chance that the through negotiated rulemaking and in- the housing committee, you say in section 8 contracts will be adequate clude recommendations by State and your own report, on trying to go to a funded? The reserves are there for localities, as well as homeless assist- formula base: when the rents go up or the income of ance providers. . . . the Committee is worried that a block the section-8-assisted people go down This task is going to go forward in grant approach with funds less than more than anticipated. Both of these any event. A budget gimmick of mak- $1,000,000,000 may disadvantage some areas outcomes are possibilities, but by no ing funds available on the last day of with significant homeless problems and some means certainties. Would it not make the fiscal year does not improve the homeless providers. more sense to take the contingent situation. We are going to be facing a That is on page 61. money and use it to address the cur- very tight budgetary situation in 1997. What this transfer will do is it will rent needs of the homeless? Their needs To attempt to move funds now and enable HUD, in effect, to move to a for- are a certainty. make them available September 30 mula grant program as it develops We are reducing our commitment to next year, unfortunately, is not a real- these negotiated regulations in the the fight against homelessness by 32 istic way of dealing with the problem coming fiscal year. It is going to take percent in this legislation. You have of homelessness. I share the concern of time to develop those regulations, but got State and local governments work- the Senator from Maryland to make they cannot structure a competition or ing with private groups to construct sure we get a new program. Frankly, an allocation of those moneys unless this network to try to deal with the this does not do anything for it. they are above $1 billion by your own I point out that when we rescinded homeless problem. They are relying on statement in the report. slightly more than this in the rescis- these resources and I think we should So this offers the opportunity to sions bill, that rescission was more sustain our commitment. We know really move forward on the homeless than three-quarters of the way through that the homeless problem is there. issue, and the price we are paying for it the fiscal year when we knew what was The section 8 problem you are talking is we are taking some moneys out of going to happen in the fiscal year. This about is only a possibility. I do not the section 8 program, which would not is starting out the fiscal year by tak- deny that using the reserves does raise cover then the possibilities to which ing away from that reserve fund. I do the possibility of future section 8 you have eluded, either that rents not think that makes any sense, par- needs. would rise or incomes of people getting ticularly when it is not going to be Mr. BOND. Yes. section 8 would drop. Those are both needed until the end of the fiscal year. possibilities, and I concede that. Mr. SARBANES. The section 8 offset I ask this amendment be set aside for But the homeless are a reality here is not money that appears out of no- a vote to occur—I will, when the time and now, and the need to structure the where. arrives, ask that it be set aside. I yield homeless programs in partnership with Mr. BOND. If the Senator wishes to the floor. make an argument, he has 4 minutes Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I State and local government and in left. To respond to the question, I have no objection to the vote being set partnership with the private sector would say that argument holds no aside. I gather the Senator from must move forward. And the way to water when he does not make any of Vermont wishes to offer his amend- move it forward is to adopt this amend- the funds available—what is it—until ment, and then we will vote on both of ment, bringing the amount for the September 30, 1996. This is a shell them at the same time seriatim. homeless back up to this year’s level game. Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, let and thereby enabling HUD to structure Mr. SARBANES. No. Will the Sen- me bring to the attention of the other a program which utilizes the formula- ator yield on that point? Senator from Maryland, the senior grant approach, which the committee Mr. BOND. Yes. Senator from Maryland, that the lead- on which the Senator and I serve re- Mr. SARBANES. The money in the ership is going to try to do some other ported out last year on a bipartisan amendment would become available for amendments after the Jeffords, of vote, on a 15-to-3 vote. purposes of running the formula and Vermont, amendment. There are Sen- A formula grant will provide State for the purposes of HUD developing its ators who need a window and both and local governments with a predict- regulations. With this amendment, the leaders are trying to accommodate able stream of funding to support their Senator has an opportunity now to that. I think they are looking for votes efforts to create comprehensive sys- make the formula approach —which he somewhere around 7:30, 8 o’clock, tems: outreach and screening, emer- supports, as I understand it—work. The though it has not been agreed to. That gency shelters, transitional facilities Senator has said himself in the com- is what is floating out there. So we are and permanent housing with sup- mittee report that he needs at least $1 trying to get as many amendments in. portive services. billion in order to fund a formula ade- Mr. SARBANES. Is the parliamen- Comprehensive, coordinated systems quately. This amendment would pro- tary situation that a vote is to occur such as those are critical for address- vide the Senator with that oppor- on this amendment at the conclusion ing the needs of the homeless popu- tunity. The final commitment of funds of the use of our time? lation. I urge the adoption of this would not come until the end of the fis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is amendment. It will actually be putting cal year, but the whole process could no order that the vote occur after this resources to work in their most impor- be put in place. You could have a for- amendment, but if at the conclusion of tant and critical need. mula-based homeless program, which this debate a motion to put it aside The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who everyone says is the direction in which takes place, the normal procedure in yields time? to move. My amendment would give regular procedure would be to vote at Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- HUD the opportunity to do it. the conclusion of debate and expiration self 5 minutes. Mr. BOND. Well, Mr. President—— of time. Mr. President, I go back to the fact The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. SARBANES. That would be the we have asked HUD to engage in nego- ator’s 3 minutes have expired. regular order. I do not mind accommo- tiated rulemaking because HUD is un- Mr. BOND. All right. Would the pro- dating, but I do not want to see the likely to be able to put together a ponent of the amendment wish to pur- vote extended way into the evening, I block grant during fiscal year 1996. Ne- sue that? Does he wish to, on his time, say to my colleagues. gotiated rulemaking will provide the state anything further? Because I am Ms. MIKULSKI. I do not believe it homeless advocates with the ability to prepared to yield back all of the time will be extended into the evening, if fashion a block grant to utilize these

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14279 moneys, and, frankly, this amendment, Recent congressional debates have from a faceless institution: It is, as Harry although it looks good to have it in an demonstrated that continued U.S. sup- Truman once said, ‘‘a case of food or a box of appropriations bill in 1995 that I hope port for the United Nations hinges on school books; it is a doctor who vaccinates their children; it is an expert who shows gets signed this year for 1996, will not the issue of reform. At a time when them how to raise more rice, or more make a single dollar available, cannot some members of Congress are ques- wheat.’’ To millions more, it is the difference be allocated or obligated during fiscal tioning the fundamental utility of U.S. between peace and war. year 1996. participation in the United Nations, it Economic and social development, as well Mr. SARBANES. If the Senator will— is imperative that the U.N. perform its as protection of human rights, remain cen- Mr. BOND. This measure does not do duties effectively and in a cost-effi- tral to the UN’s mission. But the UN must anything except what I think is a shell cient manner. As Secretary Chris- change to meet these needs more effectively. game to make it look better when, in When money is wasted in New York, Geneva, topher said last night, or Vienna, and when time is lost to bureau- fact, there is not a dollar that can be It is time to recognize that the UN must cratic inertia, the people who pay the price allocated during the coming fiscal year direct its limited resources to the world’s are those most vulnerable to famine, disease because of the restriction put on say- highest priorities, focusing on the tasks that and violence. ing it should be restricted until Sep- it performs best. The UN’s bureaucracy It is time to recognize that the UN must tember 30, 1996. should be smaller, with a clear organiza- direct its limited resources to the world’s While we both share the objective of tional structure and sharp lines of responsi- highest priorities, focusing on the tasks that taking care of the homeless, this bility. Each program must be held to a sim- it performs best. The UN’s bureaucracy should be smaller, with a clear organiza- amendment is less than it appears. It ple standard—that is, it must make a tan- gible contribution to the freedom, security, tional structure and sharp lines of responsi- does not accomplish anything. I, there- and well-being of real people in the real bility. Each program must be held to a sim- fore, move to table it. I ask for the world. ple standard—that is, it must make a tan- yeas and nays. Mr. President, as one who was gible contribution to the freedom, security, Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator and well-being of real people in the real present at the creation of the United withhold the tabling motion, because it world. Nations, I have tried very hard to see is just not correct to say it cannot be In the last two years, under the leadership the U.N. live up to its potential and of Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali, the allocated. It can be allocated. have seen the good works of which it is groundwork for substantial change has been The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a capable. I underscore and applaud the laid. The UN has an office with the functions sufficient second? Secretary of State’s call for reform. of an inspector general, and a mandate to At the moment, there is not. crack down on waste and fraud. Under-Sec- Mr. BOND. I ask unanimous consent His initiative has my full support, and retary-General Joe Connor has embarked on that the amendment be put aside until I hope it will receive the support of the an aggressive campaign to improve the UN’s such time as the leaders, by agreement, Congress as well. The very future of management culture, and we fully support can establish the vote. the United Nations, and the success of his work. The UN Secretariat has moved in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there many of our own national security ob- the right direction by submitting a budget objection? jectives, depend upon it. that begins to restrain spending. Mr. President, I commend the Sec- Now the momentum for reform must accel- Mr. SARBANES. I object. Is there erate. Let me propose a concrete agenda: time remaining on this side? retary’s address to my colleagues and First, we must end UN programs that have The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is ask unanimous consent that the full achieved their purpose, and consolidate pro- no time remaining. The question is— text of his remarks be printed in the grams that overlap, especially in the eco- Mr. SARBANES. Will the Senator RECORD. nomic and social agencies. The UN has more yield me 30 seconds? There being no objection, the mate- than a dozen organizations responsible for The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is rial was ordered to be printed in the development, emergency response, and sta- tistical reporting. We should consider estab- RECORD, as follows: no time. lishing a single agency for each of these Mr. SARBANES. There is time on the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, functions. We should downsize the UN’s re- other side. OFFICE OF THE SPOKESMAN, gional economic commissions. We should en- The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is New York, NY, September 25, 1995. sure that the functions of the UN Conference no debate on a motion to table. REMARKS BY SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN on Trade and Development do not duplicate Mr. SARBANES. Has the tabling mo- CHRISTOPHER TO THE 50TH SESSION OF THE the new WTO. And we should adopt a mora- tion been made? UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY torium on big UN conferences once the The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is Mr. President, Mr. Secretary-General, present series is completed, concentrating no time to be yielded, because we have Excellencies, Distinguished Guests: It is a instead on meeting the commitments of privilege to speak to you today on behalf of those we have held. a motion to table and it is not debat- Second, we need to streamline the UN Sec- the United States. A half-century ago, the able. retariat to make it more efficient, account- General Assembly first met in New York— Mr. BOND. I suggest the absence of a able and transparent. Each part of the UN across the river in a converted skating rink quorum. system should be subject to the scrutiny of at Flushing Meadows. In those modest sur- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The an inspector general. The UN must not tol- roundings, our predecessors began to put clerk will call the roll. erate ethical or financial abuses and its man- into place an ambitious framework they agers should be appointed and promoted on The legislative clerk proceeded to hoped would keep the peace as successfully call the roll. the basis of merit. as they had prosecuted the war. Third, we should rigorously scrutinize pro- Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I ask unan- In the years since, the United Nations has posals for new and extended peacekeeping imous consent that the order for the helped to bring peace, prosperity and hope to missions, and we should improve the UN’s quorum call be rescinded. countless people around the world. Techno- ability to respond rapidly when new missions The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without logical change has brought nations closer to- are approved. We must agree on an equitable objection, it is so ordered. gether than the UN’s founders could possibly scale of peacekeeping assessments that re- have foreseen. The United Nations itself has f flects today’s economic realities. And we been challenged in unforeseen ways. It has should have a unified budget for peace- SECRETARY CHRISTOPHER CALLS had to manage complex humanitarian emer- keeping operations. FOR U.N. REFORM gencies, from civil wars to the mass move- Finally, we must maintain the effective- ment of refugees to health epidemics. This ness of the Security Council. Germany and Mr. PELL. Mr. President, yesterday evolution has placed great strains on the or- Japan should become permanent members. Secretary of State Warren Christopher ganization, and revealed the necessity for We should ensure that all the world’s regions delivered an important address to the far-reaching change in how it is run. are fairly represented, without making the U.N. General Assembly. Secretary The Clinton Administration has vigorously Council unwieldy. Christopher’s speech, which was made made the case to our Congress and our peo- We welcome the formation of the high- at the initiation of the 50th session of ple for continued American leadership at the level group on reform, initiated under the the General Assembly, was remarkable UN. The United States made a commitment leadership of outgoing General Assembly to the UN Charter 50 years ago. We are deter- President Essy. Our goal must be that a not only for the milestone it com- mined to keep our commitment, including practical blueprint for UN reform will be memorated, but for the forward-think- our financial obligations. adopted before the General Assembly’s 50th ing approach it took to the issue of We will always remember that for millions Session finishes work next fall. The way for- U.N. reform. of people around the world, the UN is far ward is clear: We have already seen countless

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14280 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 studies and reports. The time has come to While new technologies have brought us Under Saddam Hussein, Iraq developed a act on the best proposals. closer together, they have also made it easi- deadly biological weapons capacity hidden As you know, in my country there have er for terrorists, drug dealers, and other from view. It was conducting research to been serious efforts to curtail our support for international criminals to acquire weapons turn some of the most toxic substances the United Nations. The Clinton Administra- of mass destruction, to set up cocaine car- known to man into weapons of war. We know tion believes it would be reckless to turn tels, and to hide their ill-gotten gains. The Saddam succeeded in putting anthrax and away from an organization that helps mobi- collapse of communism has shattered dicta- botulism in bombs and missile warheads. In lize the support of other nations for goals torships. But it has also left the political and December 1990, he deployed these with every that are consistent with American and glob- legal institutions of newly liberated nations intent to using them against the inter- al interests. But to sustain support for the even more vulnerable to those who seek to national coalition and innocent civilians. He UN among the American people and the peo- subvert them. was dissuaded only by the steadfast deter- ple of other nations, it is not enough that we Although these threats are sometimes mination of the United States and the inter- defend the institution. The best argument sponsored by states, they increasingly follow national community. against retreat is further reform. Tangible no flag. Each of us must vigorously fight In light of what Ambassador Ekeus has un- progress will help us win the battle for UN these enemies on our own. But we will never covered, we can only conclude that for the support that we are waging in the United be truly secure until we effectively fight last four and a half years Saddam Hussein States. them together. That is the new security has lied about the full scope of Iraq’s weap- The United Nations must emerge from the challenge for the global community. It must ons programs. There should be no easing of reform process better able to meet its funda- be the new security mission of the UN. mental goals, including the preservation of There is no area where the UN can make a the sanctions regime until the Iraqi govern- peace and security. From Korea, to the Per- more significant contribution than in non- ment complies with all the demands of the sian Gulf, to Haiti, the UN has provided a proliferation. Fifty years ago, the United Security Council and demonstrates that it mandate to its members as they carried out States was the only country capable of mak- has changed its ways. this responsibility. The UN’s own blue hel- ing a nuclear bomb. Today, many countries The UN should also promote responsibility mets have helped nations create the basic have the technology that would enable them and restraint in the transfer of conventional conditions of peace in some of the most dif- to turn a fist-sized chunk of plutonium into weapons. Last year at the General Assembly, ficult situations imaginable, even though a bomb as small as a suitcase. That is one President Clinton proposed, and the Assem- they have not always fully achieved their in- reason why more than 170 countries agreed bly approved, the eventual elimination of tended purpose. to extend for all time the Nuclear Non-Pro- antipersonnel landmines. On my recent trip Recently, a young Haitian father was liferation Treaty last May, at the conference to Cambodia, I saw the terrible damage these asked what peacekeeping forces had achieved chaired here by Ambassador Dhanapala. We hidden killers can do. This year, we will in his country. ‘‘We walk freely,’’ he an- must build on that achievement. again call on other countries to join us in swered. ‘‘We sleep quietly. There are no men First, we should have a Comprehensive ending the export of landmines. who come for us in the night.’’ In Haiti, as Test Ban Treaty ready for signature by the Two years ago, President Clinton called on for example in Cambodia, Mozambique and time we meet here next year. As President the international community to devise a El Salvador, the UN has shown that peace- Clinton announced last moth, the United true international system that governs keeping, for all of its limitations, has been States is committed to a true zero-yield test transfers of conventional weapons and sen- an enormously useful instrument. ban. We urge other nations to join us in that sitive dual-use technologies. I am pleased Our region where UN forces and the inter- commitment. that the Russian Federation has joined with national community have played a critical Second, we should immediately start nego- the United States and 26 other countries to role is the Middle East. Another historic tiations on a Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty. agree on common principles to control the milestone will be marked this Thursday in Those who have been most vocal in calling build-up of dangerous conventional arms. We Washington when Israel and the Palestinians for nuclear disarmament should recognize hope to activate this global regime, called sign their agreement to implement phase that it is essential to ban future production the New Forum, by the end of this year. two of the Declaration of Principles. That of fissile material for nuclear weapons. agreement will bring to life a goal first set in Third, we should push forward with the The proliferation of weapons has added a the Camp David accords—that is, to protect historic reductions of the nuclear arsenals of disturbing dimension to another threat we Israel’s security and to give Palestinians the United States and the countries of the all face: international terrorism. Indeed, this throughout the West Bank control over their former Soviet Union. I call on the U.S. Sen- year’s sarin gas attack in Tokyo is a grim daily lives. The international community ate, as well as the Russian Duma, to approve warning of what can happen when terrorists and the UN must continue to support this the START II Treaty so that we can lock in acquire weapons of mass destruction. process politically and economically. deep cuts in our strategic nuclear arsenals. More nations are joining the fight against Without a doubt, the UN has never under- In addition, Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin those individuals and groups who attack ci- taken a mission more difficult than the one are working together to ensure the safety, vilians for political ends. The United Nations in the former Yugoslavia. The limitations of transparency and irreversibility of nuclear has supported this effort in important ways. that mission are well known. But we must arms reductions. The UN Security Council recognized the im- also recognize that it has provided relief for As part of this process, President Yeltsin portance of countering state-sponsored ter- hundreds of thousands of people and saved will host a Nuclear Safety and Security rorism by imposing sanctions against Libya thousands of lives. Today, with diplomacy Summit in Moscow next spring. The Summit for the bombing of Pan Am 103 and UTA 772. backed by force, the United States and the should have an ambitious agenda, including Terrorists should be treated as criminals international community are moving for- a declaration of principles on nuclear reactor and there must be no place where they can ward on a track that is producing genuinely safety. We look to the summit to address the hide from the consequences of their acts. hopeful results. The United Nations and worldwide problem of nuclear waste manage- States that sponsor terrorists should feel the NATO are working together effectively to ment, including ocean dumping. The Summit full weight of sanctions that can be imposed bring peace to the region. On September 8 in should also promote a plan of action to Safe- by the international community. Let us not Geneva, the parties to the conflict accepted guard nuclear materials. That plan should deceive ourselves: Every dollar that goes the fundamental goal the Security Council include new measures to prevent criminals into the government coffers of a state spon- has often expressed—namely, the continu- and terrorists from acquiring nuclear mate- sor of terrorism such as Iran helps pay for a ation of Bosnia-Herzegovina as a single state rial for use in weapons. terrorist’s bullets or bombs. Iran’s role as within its current internationally recognized Finally, we should push for the earliest the foremost state sponsor of terrorism possible entry-into-force of the Chemical borders. When I meet with the foreign min- makes its secret quest for weapons of mass Weapons Convention. President Clinton has isters of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia later destruction even more alarming. We must urged the U.S. Senate to act promptly on its today, I will urge them to maintain momen- stand together to prevent Iran from acquir- ratification, and to stop holding it and the tum toward peace and to establish constitu- ing such threatening capabilities. tional structures for Bosnia. START II treaty hostage to unrelated issues. The framers of the UN Charter created this The world has witnessed the effect of poison The United States has taken a leading role institution to meet threats to peace and se- gas too many times in this century—on Eu- in meeting the international terrorist curity posed by aggression and armed con- ropean battlefields during World War I, in threat. We have intensified our sanctions flict. These threats are still very much with Ethiopia and Manchuria during the 1930s, against Iran. Last January, President Clin- us. But the world also faces a set of new se- and against Iranian soldiers and innocent ton also issued an Executive Order prohib- curity challenges, including proliferation, Kurdish civilians in the 1980s. The Chemical iting financial transactions with terrorist terrorism, international crime and narcotics, Weapons Convention will make every nation groups and individuals who threaten the as well as the far-reaching consequences of safer, and we need it now. Middle East peace process. We are urging our damage to the environment. These have as- The UN is also playing an invaluable role Congress to tighten our immigration and sumed a new and dangerous scope in a more in focusing attention on pressing regional criminal laws to keep terrorists on the run interdependent world. As President Clinton poliferation problems. In Iraq UNSCOM and or put them behind bars. said in San Francisco in June, the ‘‘new its chairman Rolf Ekeus continue to uncover The United States strongly supports the forces of integration carry within them the horrific details about Saddam Hussein’s counter-terrorism measures the G–7 and Rus- seeds of disintegration and destruction.’’ weapons of mass destruction. sia announced at the Halifax Summit, and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14281 we expect the P–8 Ministerial Meeting on DEPARTMENTS OF VETERANS AF- ity has been granted, if we move the Terrorism in Ottawa to produce a concrete FAIRS AND HOUSING AND URBAN funds to fiscal year 1997, as the amend- action plan to implement these measures. DEVELOPMENT, AND INDE- ment by my friend from Maryland Other kinds of international crime also threaten the safety of our citizens and the PENDENT AGENCIES APPROPRIA- would do, we will have that many fewer fabric of our societies. And globalization TIONS ACT, 1996 dollars to spend, that many fewer dol- brings new and frightening dimensions to The Senate continued with the con- lars in outlays to spend during fiscal crime. The threat of crime is a particular sideration of the bill. year 1997. menace to young democracies. It weakens Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- That is why I say that we have asked confidence in institutions, preys on the most HUD to enter into negotiated rule- vulnerable, and undermines free market re- imous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. making to try to get these funds out to form. deal with not only the funds we have Of course, every country must take its own The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without measures to combat these threats. The Clin- objection, it is so ordered. appropriated in this bill but the funds, $297 million, made available in the re- ton Administration is now completing a re- AMENDMENT NO. 2782 scission bill for the coming year, and view of our approach to transnational crime Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- that will lead to a stronger, more coordi- utilize those funds to deal with the nated attack on this problem. imous consent that my previous ta- homeless problem. To help other states deal with criminal bling motion be withdrawn. That is why again I regretfully say threats, the United States and Hungary have The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that moving money from one pocket to created the International Law Enforcement objection, it is so ordered. another does not overcome the appro- Academy in Budapest to train police officers Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- priations and budgetary problems, and and law enforcement officials from Central imous consent that the Senator from Europe and the states of the former Soviet does not move us any further towards Maryland be recognized for 2 minutes. the goal of serving the homeless and Union. We are providing similar help bilat- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without erally and through the UN Drug Control Pro- those who need section 8 public hous- gram to countries whose laws are challenged objection, it is so ordered. ing assistance. by drug cartels. The Senator from Maryland is recog- Mr. President, is all time expired? A particularly insidious form of crime and nized. The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time corruption is money laundering. All nations Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, I has expired. should implement recommendations by the simply want to address the argument OECD to attack money laundering. The na- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- by my colleague that passing this imous consent that this amendment be tions of this hemisphere should also advance amendment will not serve a purpose. the anti-money laundering initiative intro- set aside. duced at last December’s Summit of the The amendment will, in effect, enable The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Americas. Together, we must squeeze the HUD to implement a formula approach objection, it is so ordered. with respect to the homeless problems dirty money out of our global financial sys- AMENDMENT NO. 2783 tem. in the coming year. HUD could struc- (Purpose: To require EPA to give priority to Through the UN’s conventions on drugs ture the formula approach so that small businesses in its ‘‘green programs’’ and crime, the international community has State and local governments, the and to require EPA to perform a study to set strong standards that we must now en- homeless assistance providers, the determine the feasibility of making these force. We call on UN member states who church groups, and the community programs self-sufficient) have not already joined the 1988 UN Drug Convention to do so. Those countries who groups could come in and anticipate Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I have approved the convention should move their expected level of funding off a $1.1 have an amendment at the desk. quickly to implement its key provisions. billion figure. The Appropriations The PRESIDING OFFICER. The We are increasingly aware that damage to Committee itself has said they have to clerk will report. the environment and unsustainable popu- have more than $1 billion in order to The bill clerk read as follows: lation growth threaten the security of our make the formula approach work. The Senator from Vermont [Mr. JEF- nations and the well-being of our peoples. They are going to negotiate regula- FORDS], for himself and Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. Their harmful effects are evident in famines, tions. That will take a good part of the CHAFEE, Ms. SNOWE, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. SIMON, infant mortality rates, refugee crises, and Mr. BIDEN, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. KOHL, Mr. ozone depletion. In places like Rwanda and fiscal year. The end result of all of this KERRY, Mr. BUMPERS, and Mr. LEAHY, PRO- Somalia, they contribute to civil wars and is a greater commitment to dealing POSES AN AMENDMENT NUMBERED 2783. emergencies that can only be resolved by with the homeless. costly international intervention. We must I concede that we are taking money Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I ask carry out the commitments we made at last from the section 8 program. I think in unanimous consent reading of the year’s Cairo Conference, and the Rio Con- the order of priorities, addressing the amendment be dispensed with. ference three years ago. homeless ought to come ahead of that. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Never have our problems been more com- Then people say, well, the following objection, it is so ordered. plex. It has never been more evident that The amendment is as follows: these problems affect all nations, developed fiscal year the amount needed for sec- On page 151, line 11, insert: and developing, alike. Only by working to- tion 8 is going to double from $4 billion gether can we effectively deal with the new to $8 billion. If it is that order of mag- SEC. . ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SUP- PLY PROGRAMS. threats we all face. nitude you will need an entirely new (a) PRIORITY FOR SMALL BUSINESSES.—Dur- That is why, on this 50th anniversary year, solution. You will not solve it by this we must shape the UN’s agenda as if we were ing fiscal year 1996 the Administrator of the $360 million here that is being held in Environmental Protection Agency shall give creating the institution anew. Just as the the reserve. UN’s founders devised a new framework to priority in providing assistance in its Energy deter aggression and armed conflict, the This money, though, could make an Efficiency and Energy Supply programs to United Nations, in particular the Security enormous difference with respect to ad- organizations that are recognized as small Council, must now assign the same priority dressing the homeless problem. business concerns under section 3(a) of the to combating the threat posed by prolifera- Therefore, I very strongly renew my Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632(a)). tion, terrorism, international crime, nar- support of the amendment. (b) STUDY.—The Administrator shall per- form a study to determine the feasibility of cotics, and environmental pollution. We Mr. BOND. I yield myself 2 minutes. should dedicate our efforts in the UN and establishing fees to recover all reasonable Let me just conclude this discussion costs incurred by EPA for assistance ren- elsewhere to turning our global consensus by saying that under the system that against these threats into concrete action. dered businesses in its Energy Efficiency and We must renew and reform the United Na- has been suggested by my colleague Energy Supply program. The study shall in- tions not for its sake, but for our own. from Maryland, which is an effort to clude, among other things, an evaluation of Thank you very much. solve the homeless problem, we are making the Energy Efficiency and Energy Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I suggest still in a budgetary quandary. We have Supply Program self-sustaining, the value of not solved the budgetary problem. the assistance rendered to businesses, pro- the absence of a quorum. viding exemptions for small businesses, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The Budget Committee will score the making the fees payable directly to a fund clerk will call the roll. outlays during the year in which they that would be available for use by EPA as The legislative clerk proceeded to occur no matter when they have been needed for this program. The Administrator call the roll. allocated. If, when the budget author- shall report to Congress by March 15, 1996 on

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 the results of this study and EPA’s plan for of millions of dollars and dramatically lic relations benefits of the programs implementation. reduced air pollution emissions, all and gives them a long list of businesses (c) FUNDING.—For fiscal year 1996, up to without one regulation. that can do the work. All sales and $100 million of the funds appropriated to the I have to my left here a chart which Environmental Protection Agency may be contracting is the responsibility of the used by the Administrator to support global shows—how often do you get to the companies involved. participation in the Montreal Protocol fa- cover of Time Magazine? This is an im- I have heard many statements in this cilitation fund and for the climate change portant public-private partnership. Chamber railing against the evils of action plan programs including the green Just ask companies in my own State environmental regulation. If the ma- programs. like IBM, our largest utility—Green jority also eliminates cooperative, vol- Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I will Mountain Power, Jay Peak Ski Area, untary, non-regulatory approaches to not take very long, and I want to and many others, including small busi- environmental protection, what alter- thank the managers of the bill for nesses. natives remain? agreeing to an amendment to our origi- Now I had several Members that nal proposal, which makes good sense wanted to speak but due to the gra- Also restored in this amendment is and which I think improves the amend- cious acceptance of this amendment by the authority of the Administrator to ment. I appreciate their cooperation. the managers, I will yield the floor. expend Federal dollars on the Montreal I am offering this amendment on be- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise Protocol Multilateral Fund. Strato- half of myself, Mr. BINGAMAN, Mr. today to speak in favor of the Jeffords- spheric ozone depletion from man- CHAFEE, Ms. Snowe, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. Bingaman amendment to the VA-HUD made chlorofluorocarbons [CFC’s] is a SIMON, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. appropriations bill, which would re- real and pressing problem. Due to KOHL, Mr. KERRY, Mr. BUMPERS, and store authority to the EPA Adminis- prompt action on the part of the Con- Mr. LEAHY. trator to expend funds on their atmos- gress to phase out production of CFC’s What this amendment does is to re- pheric pollution prevention programs, in the Clean Air Act, ozone depletion store the EPA Administrator’s ability and on the Montreal Protocol Multilat- will likely peak in the year 2000, and to fulfill our obligations under the eral Fund. restore itself gradually during the fol- Montreal Protocol. In addition, it will This amendment requires no new lowing 3 to 5 decades. money of any offsets to H.R. 2099. It authorize the EPA Administrator to The United States is enduring signifi- merely allows the administrator to use fund the successful green programs, in- cant transition cost to accomplish the appropriated funds from the $1.6 billion cluding Green Lights and Energy Stars phase-out and must be assured that our program and administration fund to Building Programs. progress is not undercut by rampant The net effect, actually, of this continue what we believe is essential CFC use in developing countries. Our amendment as far as present spending work going on at EPA. It does not af- participation in the Montreal Protocol will actually decrease because it will fect the overall budget cuts prescribed is essential for those recovery projec- raise by fee some revenues to assist in in the bill. tions to be realized. the second program that I mentioned. The Green Lights Program rep- I need not go into detail on the im- resents one of the best ideas of the past I understand that the subcommittee portance of the Montreal Protocol. 20 years in the field of environmental chairman would like to see the Mon- Last year, the Congress appropriated protection. As our framework of envi- treal Protocol funded by the Sub- $119 million for these important pro- ronmental laws has evolved since 1970, committee on Foreign Operations. It grams—$101 million for the green pro- we have been shown the positives and does not make a difference to me if the grams and roughly $17 million for the negatives of command and control reg- Senators from Missouri and Kentucky Montreal Protocol multilateral fund. ulation. While strict standards have want to work out an arrangement. This amendment will allow the Admin- been successful in many ways at reduc- However, our treaty obligations to the istrator to spend up to $100 million on ing pollution, they have also proven Montreal Protocol are vital, and these programs, actually a 13 percent costly and unwieldy for complying whether our commitments to it are decrease from last year’s levels. companies in some situations. met should not be subject to a squabble Again, it is authorization to spend. It The Green Programs at EPA have over what subcommittee should pro- is not a specific authority for those done an exceptional job at saving en- vide the funds. ergy and reducing pollution in a vol- programs. That will be up to the ad- I urge my colleagues to support the untary, flexible manner which should ministrator. amendment. I will not go into detail on this. I do be emulated and expanded rather than not want to take the time of our Mem- zeroed out. In 1994 alone, Green Lights Mr. BOND. Mr. President, these pro- bers here for this. and Energy Star prevented $69 million grams are programs that I think are vi- I will summarize now the green pro- metric tons of carbon equivalent, in- tally in need of restructuring and re- grams. There is no money for the green cluding 5.1 billion pounds of carbon oriented and bringing in to the modern programs. I remember President Bush monoxide, 14.1 million pounds of sulfur day. searching for alternatives to overregu- dioxide, and 6 million pounds of nitro- No question that Green Lights may lation, command and control policies gen oxides. have done some good for some big com- of the 1970’s and 1985’s. He longed to While these pollution reductions are panies. This is really a distinguished find a way to control production in a a positive step, the more impressive group of companies. You can see Mar- nonregulatory free market manner. fact is that these improvements are tin Marietta, General Dynamics, War- His legacy through the environment making money for State and local gov- ner Lambert, Phillips Petroleum, is his success in developing just such a ernments, companies, nonprofits and Whirlpool, Xerox, U.S. West, Trans- program which we are referring to this other organizations in almost every America, all these companies have evening. The Green Lights Program case. The Green Lights and Energy saved millions of dollars through the and Energy Stars Program are a testa- Star Programs saved $92 million in Green Lights Program. Great. ment to the type of innovative pro- utility bills in 1994 alone. grams we must implement if we wish Corporate welfare is a term one hears What I think is that it is time to say to reduce the regulatory burden faced of often these days, both in and outside enough corporate welfare. Start get- by industry today. The programs are of this body. I am strongly supportive ting these people who are benefiting to volunteer, reduce energy use, save of reducing unnecessary subsidies to pay for it. I have agreed with the spon- business money, and stimulate mar- private industry wherever possible. sors of this amendment to accept their kets for clean alternative energy tech- However, labeling the EPA programs as permissive language and to make some nologies and services. What more could corporate welfare is just plain wrong. changes. you ask for? No direct subsidies are given to cor- No. 1, we say that there ought to be Green Lights is simple. EPA provides porations or any other participants. In a priority for small businesses. During technical assistance to help a company fact, no direct marketing is done on be- fiscal year 1996, the Administrator of survey its facilities and upgrade its half of any specific manufacturer or the EPA shall give priority to pro- lighting. Since its inception, Green contractor. EPA merely alerts energy viding assistance in its energy effi- Lights has saved companies hundreds users to the financial savings and pub- ciency

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Japan puts in $22 million, Ger- energy. They ought to be saving it. We able for these activities. We provided many $16 million, United Kingdom $9 have started the program. We have the Montreal Protocol funds some $116 million, Canada $5 million, and so shown how they can save money. Let million. I think the EPA can determine forth. them pay for it. how to utilize its scarce resources and No. 2, we will include a study. The phase out the funding of these pro- I am advised that the contributions Administrator must determine the fea- grams. to the multilateral fund have been at a sibility of establishing fees to recover The companies that have benefited higher rate—85 percent of the assessed all reasonable costs incurred by EPA from the Green Lights programs, we amounts are contributed. This is the for assistance rendered businesses in congratulate them and urge the EPA highest of any known U.N. trust funds. the energy efficiency and energy sup- to move on to self-funding. So it is working. ply program. The study should include With that, Mr. President—— I would just like to point out a quote making the program self-sustaining, Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, if I from the July 14, 1994, journal of the value of the assistance rendered to might, I would just like to make a cou- Science. That is the name of the jour- businesses, providing exemptions for ple of comments on this. It is my un- nal. It published the findings of an small businesses, making the fees pay- derstanding the distinguished floor international group of scientists who able directly to a fund that would be manager is prepared to accept this? concluded that ‘‘methyl chloroform, available for use by EPA as needed for Mr. BOND. We are prepared to accept one of the chief threats to the Earth’s this program. the amendment, and we appreciate the protective ozone layer, has begun to di- Nobody here is challenging the need support of our colleagues for the pro- minish. Other researchers confirm the for energy efficiency. It is vitally im- gram. finding, first reported 2 years ago, that portant from the environment stand- Mr. CHAFEE. I commend the distin- chlorofluorocarbons, CFC’s, have al- point, from a cost standpoint. It makes guished chairman of the subcommittee most stopped increasing in the atmos- good sense. I do not believe that we of the Appropriations Committee for phere.’’ ought to continue to have the Federal accepting this. Let me just say a cou- You might say why have they not Government paying out this high-class ple of words, if I might, about the Mon- stopped completely? You have had this corporate welfare. treal Protocol. Montreal Protocol since 1987. The facts This is a significant step toward The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- are, it takes a significant amount of weaning those large companies away ator from Rhode Island is recognized. time for the CFC’s to go from the Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, every from that endeavor. Earth up into the stratosphere where Now, let me address the Montreal single Member of this Senate, and in- they do their damage. So, if we can sta- Protocol, and let me state to my col- deed members of the Republican Party, bilize—if our reports show they are sta- leagues that both of these are permis- should be extremely proud of the Mon- bilizing in the atmosphere, that means sive. EPA is going to have to eat into treal Protocol. Why? Because it was the efforts we have made to reduce the its own budget to the extent it wants signed under the administration of emissions are working and pretty soon to use up to $100 million to support the Ronald Reagan. This is what President the destruction of the ozone layer will climate change program in the Green Reagan said on April 5, 1988, about the go into a rapid decline from the activi- Lights program or the Montreal Pro- Montreal Protocol: ties that are taking place now. So, we tocol facilitation funds. I hope they The Montreal Protocol is a model of co- can congratulate ourselves. Here is will be careful in utilizing those funds operation. It is a product of the recognition something that has worked. because we need those funds to be used and international consensus that ozone de- on cleaning up the environment here in pletion is a global problem. I want to just say how happy I am this country, not providing foreign aid I am going to come back to that in a that we have worked out this agree- to other countries under the Montreal minute, because often it is said, only ment this evening; that both the dis- Protocol and not using up dollars in spend your money on domestic prob- tinguished ranking member and distin- helping the largest corporations save lems. But ozone depletion cannot be guished manager of the bill, the senior money by instituting energy-efficiency solved just by the United States alone. Senator from Missouri, have accepted programs. ‘‘It is a global problem,’’ as President these proposals. I am particularly in- Let me tell you briefly about the Reagan said, ‘‘both in terms of its terested in the Montreal Protocol side Montreal Protocol funds. The fund re- causes and its effects. The Protocol is a of it, having been connected with it for ceived $116 million from the U.S. Gov- result of an extraordinary process of some years. ernment over the past few years. It is scientific study, negotiations among Again, it is my view that the Repub- an international fund, managed representatives of the business and en- licans can pat themselves on the back through the State Department, to sup- vironmental communities, and inter- for this measure, because it occurred port developing countries in their ef- national diplomacy. It is a monu- under a Republican administration forts to phase out ozone-depleting mental achievement,’’ said Ronald with a Republican President leading chemicals. It is a worthwhile goal, but Reagan, and he was absolutely right. the way. With respect to the Montreal Pro- I do not see why the EPA, which is I thank the distinguished Senator tocol Multilateral Fund, how does the strapped for funds, is going to want to from Vermont for his efforts in connec- money come about and who contrib- spend much of its money on that. I tion with this this evening. I am glad utes? Let us just take what is hap- think, if we really want to provide for- we have reached a compromise and pening right now. The United States is eign aid for other countries to improve that the amendment of the Senator supposed to contribute $38 million a their environment, we ought to be from Vermont has been accepted. looking at the State Department. year to this international fund. Where I understand the Senator from does it come from? Because of funding Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Vermont had expressed concern about shortfalls in previous years, the State sent a letter to me from the Alliance cuts in the foreign operations appro- Department requested $27 million and for Responsible Atmospheric Policy priations bill, the account which pro- the EPA requested $24 million. That is dated September 19, 1995, be printed in vides funding for the Montreal Pro- a total of $51 million for fiscal year the RECORD. tocol funds. That, I believe, is where it 1996. The amounts in excess of the $38 There being no objection, the letter should be funded in the future. This million cap were requested to make up was ordered to be printed in the subcommittee is not able to make up for past years. In other words, the re- RECORD, as follows:

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ALLIANCE FOR RESPONSIBLE small but important symbol of the U.S. com- Flex-O-Lators, Inc. ATMOSPHERIC POLICY, mitment to this effort. The U.S. agreed to Foam Enterprises, Inc. Arlington, VA, September 19, 1995. the Fund assistance as part of its treaty ob- Foamseal, Inc. Hon. JOHN CHAFEE, ligation; and it should not renege on this ob- Food Marketing Institute. U.S. Senate, 506 Dirksen Senate Office Building, ligation. Government and industry in the Foodservice & Packaging Institute. Washington, DC. United States have shown both strong lead- Ford Motor Company. DEAR SENATOR CHAFEE: On behalf of the ership in ozone protection and a commit- Forma Scientific. Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Pol- ment to the success of the Montreal Pro- Fox Appliance Parts of Augusta. icy, I urge you to support the appropriation tocol. In order to fulfill this commitment Franke Filling, Inc. of funds to fulfill the U.S. commitment to and continue U.S. leadership, we urge you to Fras-Air Contracting. the Multilateral Fund for the Implementa- support the funding of the Multilateral Free-Flow Packaging Corp. tion of the Montreal Protocol. The Multilat- Fund. Freightliner Corporation. eral Fund provides resources for developing Sincerely, Gardner, Carton & Douglas. countries to comply with the Protocol’s re- DAVID STIRPE, Gebauer Company. quirements to phase out of the production of Executive Director. General Electric Company. ozone-depleting compounds such as General Motors. Graineer. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Appropriation of 1994/1995 MEMBERSHIP LIST ALLIANCE FOR Gulfcoast Auto Air. moneys to the Fund have been eliminated in RESPONSIBLE ATMOSPHERIC POLICY the EPA budget and substantially reduced in H.C. Duke & Son, Inc. 3M Company. the State Department’s budget. Hale and Dorr. The Alliance is the internationally recog- A. Cook Associates, Inc. Halocarbon Products Corporation. nized U.S. industry coalition which is com- Abbott Laboratories. Halsey Supply Co., Inc. posed of producers of CFCs and their alter- Abco Refrigeration Supply Corp. Harold Electric Co. natives; and several hundred manufacturers Acme—Miami. Henry Valve Company. and organizations whose products and serv- American Electronics Association (AEA). Highside Chemicals. ices rely on CFCs and their alternatives. The Air Comfort Corporation. Hill Refrigeration Corp. Alliance was organized in 1980 and continues Air Conditioning Contractors of America. Howard/McCray Refrigerator Co., Inc. to assist government in the development of Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute. Hughes Aircraft Company. reasonable international and U.S. govern- Air Conditioning Suppliers, Inc. Hussmann Corporation. ment policies regarding ozone protection. A Air Products. ICI Americas Inc. list of Alliance members is attached. Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation. IG-LO, Inc. Industry has worked diligently over recent AlliedSignal. Illinois Supply Company. years with policymakers to seek sensible American Auto. Manufacturers Assoc. IMI Cornelius Company. international requirements for the phaseout American Frozen Food Institute. Institute of Heating & Air Conditioning In- of ozone-depleting compounds. We have done American Pacific Corporation. dustries. so because the best scientific information American Refrigerant Reclaim Corpora- Institute of International Container Les- has led us to conclude that the concern for tion. sors. human induced alternation of the ozone American Thermaflo Corp. Integrated Device Technology Inc. International Assoc. of Refrigerated Ware- layer is a serious ‘‘global’’ environmental American Trucking Associations. houses. concern. Unilateral requirements imposed on Amtrol, Inc. International Cold Storage Co., Inc. U.S. industry alone would be neither fair nor Anderson Bros. Refrigeration Service, Inc. International Mobile Air Conditioning environmentally beneficial in solving the Apex Ventilations. Assoc. overall global problem of ozone depletion. ARCA/MCA. International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Coa- Therefore, the Montreal Protocol, ratified by Arizona Public Service Co. lition. 149 countries, provides an unprecedented Arjay Equipment Corporation. Interstate Truckload Carriers Conference. forum for all nations to work together to Arrow Air Conditioning Service Company. Arthur D. Little, Inc. Johnson Controls. solve this global environmental problem. Joseph Simons Co. The United Nations Environment Pro- Ashland Inc. Keyes Refrigeration, Inc. gramme Science Assessment Report shows Astro-Valcour Inc. King-Weyler Equipment Co., Inc. that one of the few remaining obstacles to Association of Home Appliance Manufac- turers. Kline & Company Inc. recovery of the ozone layer is the growth of Kraft General Foods. CFCs in developing countries. Developing AT&T. Ausimont USA. KYSOR WARREN. countries must be urged to continue their LaRoche Chemicals. Automotive Consulting Group, Inc. transition to alternatives and phase out of Lennox Industries. Bard Manufacturing Co. CFCs as soon as feasible. The Mulitlateral Liggett Group Inc. Beltway Heating & Air Conditioning Co. Fund helps to ensure the success of the Mon- Lintern Corporation. Inc. treal Protocol by providing needed assist- Lorillard. ance to these developing countries. Without Beverage-Air. Lowe Temperature Solutions. funding for the implementation of CFC alter- Big Bear Stores Co. Luce, Schwab & Kase, Inc. natives in developing countries, these coun- Blue M Electric. Malone and Hyde Inc. tries will continue to use ozone-depleting Building Owners and Managers Association Manitowoc Equipment Works. CFCs because they are the best option avail- (BOMA). Marine Air Systems. able to them as their economies grow to Booth Refrigeration Services Conditioning. MARVCO Inc. meet their society’s needs. Developing coun- Bristol Compressors. Maytag Corporation. tries need assistance through the Fund in c/o Moog Training Center. McGee Industries, Inc. phasing out of CFCs and utilizing new tech- Carrier Corporation. Mechanical Service Contractors of Amer- nologies. Celotex. ica. Industry is proud of its accomplishments Center for Applied Engineering. Merck & Co., Inc. in ozone protection, by its efforts to phase Central Coating Company, Inc. Metl-Span Corporation. out of CFCs ahead of schedule, and in its in- Cetylite Industries, Inc. Miles Inc. vestment of several billion dollars to iden- Chemical Packaging Corp. Mobile Air Conditioning Society. tify and introduce ozone-protecting alter- Chemtronics, Inc. Monsen Engineering Co. native technologies. Therefore, it is criti- Clayton Auto Air, Inc. Montgomery County Public Schools. cally important that Congress provide as Commercial Refrigerator Manufacturers Moog Automotive Inc. much oversight as necessary of federal agen- Association. Moran, Inc. cies, such as EPA, to ensure that U.S. inter- Copeland Corporation. Nat. Assoc. of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling ests and alternative technologies are not dis- Day Supply Company. Contractors. advantaged or prejudiced in the Multilateral Dow Chemical U.S.A. National Assn. of Food Equipment Manu- Fund’s CFC phaseout projects. In addition, E.I. Dupont De Nemours and Company. facturers. the Fund should not be used to implement E.V. Dunbar CO. National; Automobile Dealers Association. any acceleration of the phaseout of Eastman Kodak. National Refrigerants, Inc. hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) beyond Ebco Manufacturing. National Training Centers, Inc. the 1992 Copenhagen Amendments to the Electrolux/White Consolidated. NC State Board of Refrigeration. Montreal Protocol. Elf Atochem North America, Inc. Neaton Auto Products Mfg., Inc. The Multilateral Fund is an integral part Elliott-Williams Company, Inc. New Mexico Engineering Res. Instit.-U of of the effort to ensure that alternative tech- Engineering & Refigeration, Inc. NM. nologies are adopted globally. The U.S. con- Falcon Safety Products, Inc. North Colorado Medical Center. tribution to the Fund is only a relatively FES Inc. Northern Illinois Gas.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14285 Northern Research & Engineering Corpora- participation by the United States in and industry partnership that protects tion. the Montreal Protocol Facilitation the environment and reduces our con- Northland Corporation. Fund and the Climate Change Action sumption of energy, thereby making Norton Company-Sealants Division. Plan green programs. This funding is domestic industries more competitive. O’Brien Associates. Omar A. Muhtadi, Inc. critical if we are to protect the ozone Green Lights is so popular that busi- Omega Refrigerant Reclamation. layer from further erosion and con- nesses throughout the country have Orb Industries, Inc. tinue our progress in helping American signed up. Nearly 2,000 businesses and Patterson Frozen Foods, Inc. industry become more energy-efficient. other institutions participate in the Peirce-Phelps, Inc. The Montreal Protocol Facilitation program today. Pennzoil Company. Fund helps implement the inter- In my home State of South Dakota, Perlick Corporation. national phaseout of CFC’s—chemicals Gateway 2000 and the State govern- Polyisocyanurate Insulation Manufactur- ers Association (PIMA). that deplete the ozone layer. In turn, it ment both are participating in the Polycold Systems International. helps make the lives of every American Green Lights Program. It has been a Premier Brands Ltd. safer and healthier, protecting us from great success, saving energy, reducing Ralph Wright Refrigeration. radiation that causes skin cancer. costs, and cutting pollution. Rawn Company, Inc. To date, the Fund has provided over Mr. President, I commend Senator Reeves Refrigeration & Heating Supply, $300 million for almost 900 activities in JEFFORDS for offering this amendment Inc. 80 developing countries around the and urge my colleagues to vote to re- Refrigeration Engineering, Inc. world. These projects have resulted in store the funding for the Montreal Pro- Refrigerant Management Services. Refrigeration Service Engineers Society. the elimination of over 55,000 tons of tocol Facilitation Fund and the Cli- Refron. ozone-depleting chemicals—rep- mate Change Action Plan green pro- Revco Scientific. resenting roughly 25 percent of the de- grams. Rhode Island Refrigeration Supply Comp, veloping nation’s ozone-depleting Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I rise to Inc. chemical use. join with my colleague from Vermont, Ritchie Engineering Co., Inc. Why does this effort merit the Sen- Senator JEFFORDS, in support of the Rite Off. ate’s support? Let me suggest two rea- Montreal Protocol Fund—an extraor- RJR Nabisco. sons. Robinair Division, SPX Corp. dinarily successful multilateral agree- RSI Co. First, developing countries are rap- ment to phase out the use of ozone-de- Rule Industries, Inc. idly industrializing, making choices pleting chemicals. SCM Gidco Organics. about the technologies they will em- Since the early 1970’s, scientists from Scott Polar Corporation. ploy to improve their standard of liv- both academia and the business com- Service Supply of Victoria, Inc. ing. The choices they make will affect munity have warned us that the Servidyne Inc. the health of everyone who inhabits use of chlorofluorocarbons—commonly Sexton Can Company. this planet, and Americans are no ex- known as CFC’s—as refrigerants and Sheeting, Metal Air-Conditioning Contrac- tors National Association (SMACNA). ception. solvents damages the Earth’s strato- South Central Co., Inc. Developing countries can profit from spheric ozone shell. Southern Refrigeration Corp. the lessons of more developed countries This ozone shield absorbs some of the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI). and avoid the environmentally dam- sun’s harmful ultraviolet, or UV radi- Sporian Valve Company. aging mistakes that have already been ation. Increased amounts of this radi- Spray, Inc. made. Or, they can follow the path of ation will raise the risk of skin cancer Stoeiting, Inc. least short-term resistance and make and cataracts, impair the functioning Sub-Zero Freezer Company, Inc. the current ozone depletion problem of human immune systems, and could Superior Valve Company. TAFCO Refrigeration Inc. even worse. If developing nations chose adversely impact the global food sup- Tech Spray, Inc. to industrialize using ozone-destroying ply. Tecumseh Products Company. CFC’s, then all countries could suffer, As a direct consequence of CFC use, Tennessee Eastman. since the ozone hole will continue to scientists identified literally a hole in Tesco Distributors, Inc. grow. the ozone layer over Antarctica, in Thermal Engineering Company. Second, American businesses benefit 1985. Thermo-King Corporation. from the global market for ozone- An intensive investigation concluded Thompson Publishing Group. friendly equipment created by this that this hole, which increased each Thompson Supply Co. international effort. To date, U.S. com- consecutive year from 1990 to 1994, and Thorpe Supply. Tolin Mechanical Systems Co. panies have sold millions of dollars’ which is expected to enlarge again this Tomen America Inc. worth of equipment designed to pre- year to over 3.9 million square miles— Trane Company. vent the release of ozone-destroying roughly the size of Europe, was caused Tropicana Products Inc. compounds as a result of the program. by chlorine from dissolved CFC com- Tu Electric. Clearly, further investment by the pounds. Tyler Refrigeration Corp. United States in this program is very The ensuing inquiry also detected Union Chemical Lab. ITRI. much in our interest. falling concentrations of ozone over United Refrigeration, Inc. In addition to eliminating funding the North and South Temperate Unitor Ships Service, Inc. University of Maryland at Baltimore. for the Montreal Protocol Facilitation Zones—the former includes the United University of Wisconsin-Madison. Fund, the VA–HUD appropriations bill States incidentally. Valvoline Oil Company. cuts $90 million from the Climate In response to this growing threat, 47 Venable, Baetjer, and Howard. Change Action Plan green programs. of the world’s developed and developing Vulcan Chemicals Co. The Jeffords amendment would restore countries joined together in September W.A. Roosevelt Company. most of this funding. 1987, and formed the Montreal Pro- W.M. Barr and Company. The cuts in this account primarily tocol. Wawa, Inc. affect EPA’s green programs. The This agreement bound the leading Weinberg and Green. White & Shauger, Inc. Green Lights Program, for example, ozone-using countries to first freeze, Willam F. Nye, Inc. provides information, training, tech- and later phaseout, the use of these Wynns Climate Control. nical reports, and other assistance, but chemicals. York Division, Borg-Warner Corp. not direct financial assistance, to com- At present, over 120 countries have York International Corporation. panies to encourage them to invest in voluntarily signed onto the Protocol, Zero Zone Refrigeration MFG. highly energy-efficient lighting, heat- making it the broadest and most suc- Zexel USA. ing, and cooling technologies designed cessful international collaboration in Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I to save energy. world history. strongly support the amendment of- In my view, these programs represent Protocol member nations have accel- fered by Senator JEFFORDS, which the type of public/private initiative we erated the CFC phaseout schedule would make $100 million available for should be encouraging—a government twice, and have agreed upon a complete

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 elimination of halons in 1994, and of doses of UV radiation because this Na- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Would have to CFC’s by the end of this year. tion walked away from its responsi- do with veterans’ health care. Protocol member nations also recog- bility. Mr. BOND. Is the Senator agreeable nized that the disproportionate reli- The Montreal Protocol is enormously to a 30-minute time agreement equally ance upon ozone-depleting substances successful, and we are making solid, divided in the usual form for that by the developing world threatens to substantial progress in decreasing the amendment as well? eliminate any progress. use of CFC’s in the developing coun- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. I am indeed. Consequently, 30 developed nations ties. Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- formed the Montreal Protocol Fund in This success needs to be continued. I imous consent that on these two 1990, to provide technical assistance to urge my colleagues—support this wor- amendments the time be equally di- developing nations, as they make the thy program and send a signal to the vided, 30 minutes in the normal form transition to less harmful technologies. world community that America re- on both sides with no second-degree To date, roughly $350 million has mains a leader. amendments. been committed for 900 projects in Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without more than 85 developing countries. unanimous consent to add as a cospon- objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will report the amendment. When fully implemented, these sor Senator COHEN, Senator LUGAR and The bill clerk read as follows: projects are anticipated to cut the de- Senator WELLSTONE. The Senator from West Virginia [Mr. veloping countries’ use of ozone-deplet- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ROCKEFELLER], for himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, ing chemicals by almost one-third— objection, it is so ordered. Mr. LEAHY, Mr. WELLSTONE, and Mr. DORGAN, 55,000 tons. Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, I proposes an amendment numbered 2784. A recent report produced under the have no further requests to be heard Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I auspices of the United Nations Envi- from any of the Members I am aware ask unanimous consent that reading of ronmental Program indicates we are of. the amendment be dispensed with. making some headway—since 1989, the Mr. BOND. Mr. President, we are The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without rate of growth of major ozone-depleting willing to accept the amendment on objection, it is so ordered. substances in the stratosphere has de- this side. The amendment is as follows: clined significantly. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- On page 16, beginning with line 20, strike Yet, further reducing CFC’s remains ator from Missouri. all through page 17, line 5, and insert the fol- critical. Earlier this year, the World Mr. BOND. I believe there is no objec- lowing: Meteorological Organization reported tion on the other side. I think we are SEC. 107. Section 105(b) of House Concur- that ozone levels were 10 to 15 percent rent Resolution 67 (104th Congress, 1st Ses- therefore ready to go to a vote. sion) is amended to read as follows: below long-term averages, with a 35- THE PRESIDING OFFICER. If there ‘‘(b) RECONCILIATION OF REVENUE REDUC- percent depletion over Siberia. In fact, be no further debate, the question is on TIONS IN THE SENATE.— the past 3 months saw the most deple- agreeing to the amendment. ‘‘(1) CERTIFICATION.—(A) In the Senate, tion ever. The amendment (No. 2783) was agreed upon the certification pursuant to section Mr. President, the United States is to. 205(a) of this resolution, the Senate Com- responsible for a small portion of the Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I move to mittee on Finance shall submit its rec- ommendations pursuant to paragraph (2) to Montreal Protocol Fund’s resources. reconsider the vote. the Senate Committee on the Budget. After Yet, even though we have the most to Mr. JEFFORDS. I move to lay that receiving the recommendations, the Com- gain, we are currently $28 million in ar- motion on the table. mittee on the Budget shall add such rec- rears. The motion to lay on the table was ommendations to the recommendations sub- Shrinking away from our commit- agreed to. mitted pursuant to subsection (a) and report ment, going back on our word as the Mr. ROCKEFELLER addressed the a reconciliation bill carrying out all such committee has suggested by elimi- Chair. recommendations without any substantive revision. nating the account, will severely ham- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ‘‘(B) The Chair of the Committee on the per developing countries’ transition to ator from West Virginia. Budget shall file with the Senate revised al- non-CFC technologies. AMENDMENT NO. 2784 locations, aggregates, and discretionary Additionally, our industrial allies (Purpose: To strike section 107 which limits spending limits under section 201(a)(1)(B) in- will likely refuse to adopt added meas- compensation for mentally disabled vet- creasing budget authority by $170,000,000 and ures to further reduce ozone-depleting erans and offset the loss of revenues by en- outlays by $150,000,000. OMMITTEE ON FINANCE.—Funding for chemicals which are not currently con- suring that any tax cut benefits only those ‘‘(2) C this section shall be provided by limiting families with incomes less than $100,000) trolled. any tax cut provided in the reconciliation Many American businesses, which Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I bill to families with incomes less than are now world leaders in the manufac- send an amendment to the desk and $100,000.’’. turing of non-CFC refrigerants and sol- ask for its immediate consideration. Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, vents, will also suffer. Mr. BOND addressed the Chair. my amendment is very simple. It would Mr. President, regrettably, my home The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without strike a provision of the appropriations State of Delaware is one of the na- objection, the amendment of the Sen- bill which seeks to limit compensation tional leaders in terms of the incidence ator from Maryland will be set aside. benefits to certain veterans who are of cancer. Delaware ranks among the Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I believe disabled by mental illness, and offset top 10 nationally in breast, lung, and that we have discussed previously the the savings that would result from the bladder cancer. possibility of a time agreement on this enactment by limiting any tax cut We have put a lot of work into identi- amendment. under the budget resolution to families fying the causes, but we don’t yet know I understand the proponent of the earning less than $100,000. what in our environment, or what as- amendment is willing to accept a 30- Mr. President, the choice posed by pects of our behavior, are leading to minute time agreement, equally di- my amendment is, again, simple and, I these cancer cases. vided in the usual form, provided there think, straightforward. Do we favor tax For that reason alone, Mr. Presi- is no second-degree amendment. Is that cuts for the wealthy or benefits for dent—and perhaps it is a selfish reason the understanding? mentally disabled veterans? I trust the and I make no apologies—I want to Mr. ROCKEFELLER. The Senator is answer will be obvious. prevent the increase of cancer-causing entirely correct. The Appropriations Committee would UV radiation. Mr. BOND. May I ask which amend- reenact a 1990 provision which cut off Delaware is a coastal State, and dur- ment he just sent forward? VA compensation benefits to mentally ing the summer months hundreds of Mr. ROCKEFELLER. I wanted to incompetent veterans who have no thousands of people flock to our shore- lead off with the amendment relating spouse, children, nor dependent par- line to enjoy our beaches. I don’t want to the mentally disabled veterans. ents, when the veteran’s savings these people or anyone in America, to Mr. BOND. And the second amend- reached $25,000. Payments were re- unknowingly be exposed to harmful ment? sumed when the savings fell to $10,000.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14287 This provision expired at the end of the proposal, families could not accom- ple who will benefit from the payments 1992. Attempts to reenact this provi- plish this goal. made by the VA are heirs, not depend- sion were rejected by the House and Another outcome of the 1990 provi- ent heirs. Senate Veterans Affairs’ Committees sion was that many veterans and their Frankly, the offset provision which in both 1993 and again this year, 1995, guardians did very creative things to purports to deal with tax cuts is thin in our reconciliation efforts. It is bad circumvent the law. For example, men- air. It is absolute vapor. It proposes policy, and, in any event, it does not tally incompetent veterans arranged some budget gimmickry, but, frankly, belong in an appropriations measure. marriages in order to avoid losing their what this amendment does by raising Mr. President, some may argue that compensation. Others made large pur- spending by the amount of $172 million suspending compensation to mentally chases of unneeded property or cars to in budget authority and $157 million in disabled veterans when their savings lower their savings or otherwise dis- outlays is to say to our children reach $25,000 prevents uncaring heirs burse their savings. Guardians in these ‘‘We’ve got you. We are going to put from acquiring funds amassed through cases often consented because it was this estate builder program on your the receipt of VA compensation bene- better to expend those savings than to credit card.’’ fits. Indeed, that is usually the argu- lose VA compensation altogether. We This is a violation of the budget that ment which is used against this. While can expect more of the same if this pro- is proposed and been adopted by Con- it is undoubtedly true that this will posal becomes law. By cutting off pay- gress. If this provision were to succeed, happen in a few cases—that is, that in- ments, the provision punishes the vet- it would have the impact of busting the dividuals truly remote from the men- eran whose guardian conscientiously agreement to achieve a zero deficit by tally incompetent veteran will receive administers the veteran’s funds, while the year 2002. moneys on the death of that veteran— it rewards the guardian who allows the Imagine how difficult it would be to it is equally true that it does not hap- veteran to spend frivolously everything tell your children or your grand- pen in the great majority of cases in that he gets. children, ‘‘I just decided that we don’t which a mentally incompetent veteran Mr. President, I note that all of the need to stop spending on your credit dies without a spouse, child, or depend- major veterans service organizations card. We’re going to provide an estate ent parent. In fact, to the contrary, in oppose this provision, some of them builder plan for incompetent veterans, many cases there are other family very strongly. They generally believe, people who served the country well but members—nondependent parents, as I do, that there is no justifiable rea- who are being fully cared for by the brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, or son for singling out these veterans for Veterans Administration so their non- cousins—who have been involved with discrimination solely because they are dependent heir, not their wife, not the the veteran and the care of the vet- mentally disabled. dependent child, not the dependent par- eran. Also, as I noted briefly earlier in my ent, but some farther away heir will re- Also—this is important to note— remarks, this provision is a clear ex- ceive the bonus that has been built up there is absolutely no reason to sup- ample of authorizing legislation on an by these payments.’’ pose that the situation of funds going appropriations bill. That is not consid- In September 1980, the Comptroller to so-called remote heirs occurs any ered lightly around here. The Veterans General, as written by the former more frequently with mentally incom- Affairs’ Committee considered this pro- chairman of the House Veterans’ Af- petent veterans than with other seri- vision as part of meeting our reconcili- fairs Committee, said, ‘‘Congress in- ously disabled veterans who have ac- ation mandate under the leadership of tended distant relatives should not be quired significant savings based upon Chairman SIMPSON, and we rejected it. enshrined to receive benefits of vet- their receipt of compensation. That is the business of an authorizing erans or their immediate families. If there is indeed some interest in en- committee. It should not be resur- However, large estates consisting of suring that savings derived from VA rected in the guise of an appropriations VA benefits are evidently still enrich- compensation not go to remote heirs, issue. ing distant relatives who may have had then the law should be changed to pro- Mr. President, for all of these rea- very little to do with the veteran and vide that the cutoff in compensation sons, I urge my colleagues to join me were not affected by his service to the apply across the board to everyone. I in supporting this amendment to re- United States.’’ do not believe that this is something move this onerous provision from the The VA inspector general conducted the Government should do only for appropriations bill. an audit of the VA’s fiduciary program those who are mentally incompetent, I yield the floor and thank the Chair. and recommended legislation to limit disabled veterans. Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- compensation payments. The IG found If we are to undertake this policy— self such time as I may require. numerous instances of substantial es- and I would not favor that—it must be Mr. President, this is an effort again tates being inherited by distant rel- done in a fair, across-the-board fashion. to deal with some very, very tight atives. Otherwise, we single out mentally dis- funding problems. We recommended, An incompetent veteran of World abled veterans and in that classic sense and the committee accepted, that the War I emigrated from Lithuania in 1907 discriminate against them when, of incompetent veterans provision in- and died in 1978, leaving an estate of course, they are unable to do anything cluded in the House stay in the Senate $87,900, of which $77,800 came from VA about this themselves. bill. It limits the provision, as we said benefits. The estate went to six nieces Mr. President, on its face this provi- earlier, in order to save $172 million in and nephews living in the Soviet sion discriminates against one small budget authority and $157 million in Union. group of veterans: those who are men- outlays. There are many other examples like tally disabled. There is no sound policy As a result of this provision, the sub- that. But the basic argument is we reason for allowing a competent dis- committee was able to provide an in- have a very tight budget, and it was abled veteran to save money that could crease for VA medical care. It does say our decision in recommending to the possibly go to remote heirs upon the that where a mentally incompetent subcommittee, which the sub- veteran’s death, while limiting savings veteran has neither dependent chil- committee recommended to the full of a mentally incompetent, disabled dren, dependent spouse, nor dependent committee, which the committee rec- veteran. There is a rather important parents, when the value of the vet- ommended to this floor, we could bet- matter of fairness involved here. eran’s estate exceeds $25,000, until the ter spend the $172 million in ensuring This provision would do terrible estate is reduced to $10,000, there will that current veterans receive medical harm to families who sacrificed to pro- be no payments. These are for veterans care that they need. This was a very vide care for their mentally incom- whose needs are being fully cared for important part of the increase that we petent son or daughter. In many cases, by the Veterans Administration. This were able to give in veterans medical parents who act in fiduciary roles build is a veteran who has no dependents. affairs. savings so that when the parents are This is the ultimate estate builder When the time comes, I will raise a deceased, there will be enough money plan. These are veterans who are in Budget Act point of order to this meas- to care for the disabled veteran. Under very difficult circumstances. The peo- ure.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 I yield the floor. will not get up to $100,000 and go to if we use them as point men for includ- Mr. President, how many minutes somebody who does not care about the ing spending for a program without at would the Senator from Wyoming like? veteran. The veteran will be totally the same time reducing spending in an- Mr. SIMPSON. Seven minutes. taken care of; every single need will be other program. We do veterans no favor Mr. BOND. I yield 7 minutes to the taken care of. I know that and you if we enact legislation that really has Senator from Wyoming. know that. And then here is the key. the effect of enriching only their non- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- If this drops below $10,000, you start dependent relatives after their death, ator from Wyoming. the money coming again. Now, that is people who have not cared a whit about Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, again, what we have here, to save $170 mil- them. one of these difficult issues that are lion. If it drops below $10,000, it starts I yield the floor. filled with emotion. I have chaired the again. If it gets above $25,000, it stops. Mr. ROCKEFELLER addressed the Veterans Affairs’ Committee for sev- And what is the money for? The vet- Chair. eral years. Senator Cranston chaired eran. And he is not using it, so why let The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the committee, Senator MURKOWSKI, it go to $60,000, $70,000, or $80,000. And it ator from West Virginia. Senator ROCKEFELLER. It is a remark- only affects veterans who are not com- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. How much time able committee that does tremendous petent in any way to handle their do I have remaining? things for veterans, and I very much money. These payments are made to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- enjoy having Senator JAY ROCKE- provide for the living expenses of dis- ator from West Virginia has 7 minutes FELLER as the ranking member. We abled veterans. They are not being used 43 seconds. work closely together. His staff and my for that purpose. The money is not Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I staff work closely together. paying for clothes or food or shelter. It yield 2 minutes to the esteemed Sen- This is an honest difference of opin- is a accumulating, and it will be ulti- ator from Maryland, Senator MIKULSKI. ion, but again it is one of those that mately passed on to nondependent The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have a ring—a tug at the heart—and I heirs. ator from Maryland. have been through a lot of these This provision does not affect the Ms. MIKULSKI. I thank the Senator through the years, because if you resist standard of living or the condition of for yielding. this, then it will go out on the wave- living of any veteran because the vet- I want to congratulate him on his ad- length that somehow you do not care erans involved are not now spending vocacy for veterans. I thank him for about veterans; you are cold and mean the money. If the benefit money is coming here this evening to offer his spirited and heartless. being expended to support the veteran, amendment, the kind of cultured co- This one you want to pay close atten- then the money would not be building operation we have here in the U.S. Sen- tion to. This is a serious issue that is up in the bank, and the provision in ate. And I particularly want to thank not leaving any single veteran unat- the bill would not kick in. It is that him for his advocacy for veterans tended. clear. health care. We are talking here about an incom- The amendment is actually an as- I am proud to be a cosponsor of the petent veteran. We are talking about a sault on the budget resolution. The Rockefeller amendment to strike the person that cannot manage their as- cost of this amendment would be offset provision contained in the committee sets. They have a conservator or a by reducing the amount available to bill which would deny benefits to those the Finance Committee to reduce the guardian. veterans who have become mentally in- tax burden imposed on the American What we are providing here, it seems capacitated. people and the American economy. We to me to make eminent common sense. The bill before us reinstates a provi- will hear over and over and over in We are going to suspend the VA dis- sion of law that was expired in 1992. these next days that Senators must ei- ability compensation payments in the The provision contained in this bill ther vote for a tax cut for the rich or case of an incompetent veteran with no suspends benefits to veterans who are vote for disabled and helpless veterans, dependents whatsoever. mentally incapacitated with no spouse If you really want to get a look at one or the other. That is a sad choice and quite an ex- or children when their estates reach what we are talking about, we are talk- traordinary rigging of the amendment. $25,000. It would allow payments to be ing about a person perhaps in a nursing But we will see a lot of those in the resumed when the value of the estate home or some other institution who is days to come, many, many of those. I falls to $10,000. totally incapable of functioning, with personally do not favor a tax cut for Section 107 of the committee bill dis- not a single person that comes to see the rich or the poor. So at least I am criminates against a small group of them on Christmas or New Years or on record on that because we are going veterans, those who have become inca- Easter, not a single dependent ever to deal with the $5 trillion debt limit in pacitated as a result of mental illness shows up at the door. the next few days. And we will deal or disease. We are talking about not including with Medicare and Medicaid and let There simply is no sound policy rea- the value of a home in computing the that go up 6.4 percent, and that will be son to single out these veterans and size of the estate, and we are talking called a savage cut from coast to coast. deny them their benefits. about the fact that if a person in that We do not do veterans any favor if we The provision contained in the com- status accumulates over $25,000, we use them as a point man. I was in the mittee bill is an affront to veterans. stop. And the purpose of stopping is so infantry. I do not know where others By including this provision, the com- that a nondependent heir does not in- served, but it was not fun to be a point mittee is going after those veterans herit something which is totally a man to begin to do any kind of mili- who have become completely incapable windfall—because the veteran did not tary activity. And certainly you can- of defending themselves, taking their need it at all. The veteran’s necessities not use veterans as point men to begin benefits, and then using their money to as an incompetent are totally taken dismantling the national effort to try cover even deeper cuts in the VA med- care of—food, shelter, clothing. This is to bring the deficit under control and ical care budget. for expenses that he or she did not provide some relief to Americans aged Aside from the fact that this provi- need. That is why it accumulated in a between 18 and 45 who will have noth- sion discriminates against a small bank account, and that is why it ing in 30 years. And nobody talks about group of veterans, it also: denies par- should not go to a nondependent rel- them and that period of time. ents who are caring for the disabled ative who had no desire to care for or We always talk about 1 year. We have veteran the ability to accrue savings even see the person. a Secretary of Veterans Affairs, a Cabi- needed to care for their son when the So if you want to get into the emo- net Member, who will not go past 1 parents dies; experience has shown that tion of it—and we always usually do— year in his dealings with telling the guardians and trust officers responsible then remember this is a pretty tragic American veterans what is going to for the care of these disabled veterans situation. So we are saying, I think in happen to them. are unwilling to continue their respon- a very magnanimous way, if it gets And so these are the troublesome sibilities if benefits are interrupted; above $25,000, we are going stop it so it things. We do veterans no favor at all and the provision, when it was law

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14289 under the 1990 Budget Reconciliation trict of New York temporarily restored the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Act, led to a variety of unintended con- right of mentally incompetent veterans to ator from Wyoming. receive disability compensation. These bene- sequences that were destructive and Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, I hope demeaning to veterans such as ar- fits were being denied to this select group of veterans because of a provision in FY ’90 this debate does not come down to who ranged marriages to avoid the law, and OBRA. cares more about disabled veterans or the purchase of unneeded property or We believe that the ruling of temporary in- homeless people or the lesser in soci- cars in order to keep the estate value junction by Judge Shirley Wohl Kram should ety. That is not what this amendment down. not be appealed. We agree with her state- is about. That truly is a mind-boggling Mr. President, we’ve seen enough to ment that the current statute is based on ‘‘irrational discrimination against the men- thing to think that there are some peo- know that this is bad policy and bad ple in this Chamber who care less law. tally disabled.... the virtually exclusive, if unintended result is impermissible discrimi- about other people in society. We all If we don’t stand up for these vet- nation against mentally incompetent dis- have the same level of care toward the erans, who will? abled veterans.’’ lesser in society. I urge my colleagues to support the Mr. President, we ask that you recognize Rockefeller amendment. the harm caused by this discriminatory pro- Since I have chaired this committee, I want to make one point perhaps vision and urge you to withdraw your appeal we have doubled the veterans benefits. that has not been discussed in the de- of this temporary injunction. The veterans budget when I came to bate, which is about the parents of the Best regards, this Chamber 17 years ago was about mentally incompetent veteran. ROBERT W. KASTEN, Jr. $20 billion, and we are going to do MARK O. HATFIELD. something which puts it close to $40 You see, parents are very much con- PETE V. DOMENICI. cerned about their—primarily their billion. And the veterans population is Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, son, sometimes their daughter—who is declining. And if anyone can say that people talk about people with remote disabled and the need to keep some we do not take care of veterans, it is heirs and people who may care for men- type of saving to care for their son or usually nonveterans or people who tally disabled veterans as if they did daughter when these parents die. Expe- were never overseas or never involved not really care. They say, why would rience has shown that guardians and with veterans who say that. one care for a mentally incompetent trust officers responsible for the care of veteran? Well, I am sorry, but there are And I am not making a reflection on these disabled veterans are unwilling people who do care. And there is noth- anyone. When I came to this Chamber, to care for them if benefits are inter- ing in the law which says that you I heard the most stirring debate I ever rupted. have to care to 20 percent or 70 percent heard about what we did not do for vet- The other thing that happens is that or 90 percent for this to be fair. erans by a person who had never been in order to keep some kind of asset There is no justification for singling in the civil air patrol. I had to listen to base, they kind of get into phony, ma- out mentally disabled people for dis- one-half hour of unmitigated guff nipulatory things. They will want to criminatory treatment. None. We have about what we were doing for veterans. try to buy a car or a new property and not said they are entitled to compensa- Now, that is a tiresome argument, and so on. This is not the veteran. This is tion only if they are poor. The law does I do not think it fits in any way of not the people who fought at Iwo Jima not say that. We have not said they are what we do for these fine people, now or Pork Chop Hill or the Mekong Delta. entitled to compensation only if they 26 million, now declining 2 percent per These are honorable men and women have savings less than $25,000. And we year, who have given much, and we who do that. And I think that what we have not said they are entitled to com- have given them much. And we will need to do is make sure that we do not pensation only if they have no money continue to do so. have bad policy become not good law. from anywhere else, like so many This is a very isolated incident. If we And I really support the Senator’s Members of this body do who do not are talking about caregivers and the amendment. These are people who have have to worry about things like this. conflict of interest, is it a conflict of come to a point in their life where they These are people who have people who interest for a caregiver to put aside are unable to think for themselves and care about them. To assume they do $100,000 if they know they are going to in many instances unable to care for not is not in line with thinking about get it? Let us apply this to everybody, themselves. We are asking that a safe- family values. competent veterans and incompetent ty net be provided. And when they join We have said that they are entitled veterans. That will seem to cover it the U.S. military, it is not an asset to compensation for their disability pretty well. test. based on their disability. And that is The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time So I hope that the Senator’s amend- what my amendment asks for. ment prevails, and I hope his advocacy Are we prepared to say now that for has expired on the amendment. continues. some reason the mentally disabled are Mr. BOND addressed the Chair. Mr. ROCKEFELLER. This Senator somehow less entitled solely because thanks the distinguished colleague The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- they are mentally disabled? Is that ator from Missouri. from Maryland. what those who oppose this amend- Mr. President, I will use my remain- ment would do? The Senator from West Mr. BOND. The adoption of the pend- ing time to say the following. In 1992, Virginia will not join such an effort. ing amendment would cause the Appro- Senators HATFIELD and DOMENICI and I hope very much that my amend- priations Committee to breach its dis- Kasten wrote to the President of the ment will be accepted. I think it is cretionary allocation as well as breach United States, President Bush, about right, fair, reasonable, just, and non- revenue amounts established in the fis- precisely this subject. And they said in discriminatory. cal year 1996 budget resolution. a letter, which I ask unanimous con- I yield back the remainder of my Pursuant to section 302(f) and 306 of sent be printed in the RECORD, the fol- time. the Congressional Budget Act, I raise a lowing: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- point of order against the amendment. . . . based on ‘‘irrational discrimination ator from West Virginia has yielded against the mentally disabled . . . the vir- back his time. Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I tually exclusive, if unintended result is im- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. I urge adoption move to waive the application of the permissible discrimination against mentally of my amendment. Budget Act to the pending amendment. incompetent disabled veterans.’’ Mr. SIMPSON. How much time is re- Mr. BOND. I ask unanimous consent There being no objection, the letter maining, Mr. President? that the amendment and the motion to was ordered to be printed in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is waive be set aside. RECORD, as follows: 2 minutes 6 seconds left remaining of the time for the opponents of the Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Objection is not U.S. SENATE, heard. Washington, DC, March 16, 1992. amendment. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: On February 3, 1992 Mr. BOND. I yield the distinguished The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the U.S. District Court for the Southern Dis- Senator from Wyoming 2 minutes. objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 AMENDMENT NO. 2785 TO COMMITTEE spending limits under section 201(a)(1)(B) in- Every VA medical center furnishes AMENDMENT ON PAGE 8, LINES 9 AND 10 creasing budget authority by $511,487,000 and vital care to veterans in the geographic (Purpose: To increase funding for veterans’ outlays by $511,487,000. regions served. We know that. We ‘‘(2) COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.—Funding for medical care and offset the increase in stopped all new construction in the funds by ensuring that any tax cut benefits this section shall be provided by limiting any tax cut provided in the reconciliation Veterans’ Committee. We have stopped only those families with incomes less than any major renovation of our current $100,000) bill to families with incomes less than $100,000.’’. veterans hospitals, many of which were Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, built 75 years ago. The Senator from the second amendment I propose is also Mr. ROCKEFELLER. The Senator Maryland mentioned a psychiatric hos- very simple. It would provide funding asks permission to continue. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- pital which is literally crumbling on for VA medical care at the level re- ator is recognized. its foundations, but are we doing any- quested by the President—that is, Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Under the bill thing to build that up, to restore it, to $16.96 billion—and would offset the cost as reported, VA would be forced to op- improve it? No. So we are not doing of this increase, approximately $511 erate at a level below current services. that. We are talking here about vet- million, by a reduction in the amount In human terms, 113,000 eligible vet- erans health care as it exists, to be set aside in the budget resolution to erans would be denied inpatient and made available to veterans who need it. cover the revenue loss from any tax outpatient care in 1996. In terms of We will deny service to my constitu- cut. VA’s capacity to provide a full range of ents who are veterans and to the con- The choice represented by the health care services nationwide, the stituents of others who are veterans. amendment is simple: Should VA equivalent of four VA hospitals would Some have disabilities from their serv- health care be funded at a level which have to be shut down; 6,500 VA health ice; others were able to complete their allows it to continue to meet health care professionals would lose their service without injuries but are now care needs and demands of those vet- jobs. unable to afford the cost of health care. erans who seek care from the Depart- I spent most of the day in the Fi- What do they do if they are unable to ment of Veterans Affairs, or should nance Committee, and people there say afford the cost of health care? We have medical care be cut so as to fund a tax that a reduction in the increase in the 40 million, 50 million Americans who cut? amount of money put aside for health do not have health insurance. To deny The Senator from Wyoming indicated care is not a cut. They are, of course, veterans health care is wrongheaded. this comparison would be made on a entirely wrong. Health care is not like We must avoid it, and my amendment number of occasions, and he is entirely a loaf of bread. A loaf of bread is sub- will help us to do so. correct. The values implicit in this ar- ject to normal inflation; it goes up a Mr. President, I find it very ironic gument, and how one comes down on couple pennies a year, whatever. that we are being asked to cut VA this argument, are profound. Obvi- Health care is subject to entirely dif- health care funding below current serv- ously, to me the answer is self-evident. ferent influences. It is subject to tech- ices, thereby turning veterans away Mr. President, I want my colleagues nology. It is subject to the fact that from their health care, just as we con- to understand some of the ways that veterans are aging. clude a great national celebration of the level of funding included in the ap- The Senator from Wyoming made the the 50th anniversary of the end of the propriations bill will affect the people point that there are fewer veterans, Second World War, an enormous emo- who use the VA health care system. but he did not make the point that, in tional outpouring. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fact, demand for veterans’ health care, I remember staying up late one night Chair asks the Senator to withhold so even with fewer veterans, is increasing. a couple of weeks ago to watch Presi- that the clerk can report the amend- Are we to deny them that? My amend- dent Clinton out in Hawaii. C–SPAN ment. ment would seek to try to deny them did something at 2 or 3 in the morning The assistant legislative clerk read less. for an hour, or hour and a half. We as follows: Mr. President, I ask my colleagues to have had people talk about it on the The Senator from West Virginia [Mr. focus on these repercussions in human floor of the Senate, Senators discussing ROCKEFELLER], for himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, terms. I fear too often we hear numbers their service with each other. Power- Mr. LEAHY, and Mr. WELLSTONE, proposes an and we become numb. We lose sight of ful, powerful testimony. We have all amendment numbered 2785. the human element in what we are agreed that these people saved the Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I doing. If we do not appropriate funds world. ask unanimous consent that the read- for VA medical care at the level sought One thing came through very loud ing of the amendment be dispensed by the President, which is a modest and clear to me during those recent with. level, in my estimation, and which celebrations, and that is how the vic- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without only covers the cost of inflation—not tory belonged to the GI’s—not to me, I objection, it is so ordered. medical inflation but inflation—real was 5 years old, but to the GI’s—who The amendment is as follows: people, veterans who answered our fought the battles from Normandy to On page 8, line 10, strike ‘‘$16,450,000,000’’ country’s call, will not receive the Iwo Jima. Oh, how we love to talk and insert ‘‘$16,961,487,000’’. On page 22, between lines 4 and 5, insert health care that they need, the health about that, and ought to and are in- the following: care that they deserve, the health care spired by it, made better by it. SEC. 111. Section 105(b) of House Concur- that they have been promised. Mr. President, these are the same rent Resolution 67 (104th Congress, 1st Ses- One can ridicule all one wants the GI’s who are now veterans in their sev- sion) is amended to read as follows: commitment to our Nation’s veterans, enties seeking care from the VA. Not ‘‘(b) RECONCILIATION OF REVENUE REDUC- but it was made, and it is justified. everybody is rich. They say a third of TIONS IN THE SENATE.— This is not pulling on heart strings. the Members of the Senate are million- ‘‘(1) CERTIFICATION.—(A) In the Senate, This has to do with whether veterans aires. Well, we may be out of touch. A upon the certification pursuant to section 205(a) of this resolution, the Senate Com- get treatment for different kinds of lot of those folks out there are not, and mittee on Finance shall submit its rec- conditions which might range all the they are broke and they need VA, and ommendations pursuant to paragraph (2) to way from prostate problems to Alz- that is what the VA is there for, to the Senate Committee on the Budget. After heimer’s to other long-term care prob- serve them. These same GI’s could be receiving the recommendations, the Com- lems or immediate problems. They are turned away from the care they need if mittee on the Budget shall add such rec- real problems and real people. the cutback envisioned by the Appro- ommendations to the recommendations sub- I do not say that any person in this priations Committee is enacted. That mitted pursuant to subsection (a) and report body cares for people less than any hardly seems like a fitting or worthy a reconciliation bill carrying out all such other person, but what they do about recommendations without any substantive tribute after all the speeches that we revision. what is available to those people may have heard. ‘‘(B) The Chair of the Committee on the differ substantially, and in what they I also find it ironic that there are Budget shall file with the Senate revised al- do is the judgment about what they proposals to cut VA below current locations, aggregates, and discretionary feel, in terms of their priorities. services at the very time that cutbacks

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14291 are being proposed in Medicare and fiscal impact of your irresponsibility, Frankly, the Veterans Administra- Medicaid. Now, why do I say that? then you can move to waive the Budget tion stands for the status quo. Despite There is every reason to suspect that Act so that we can go on spending like medical practices changing dramati- as individuals are pushed out of those money is going out of style, because it cally across this country, despite the programs because of the changes that will go out of style and this second declining veteran population, despite are being contemplated, the veterans amendment is just another in the same mismanagement, the secretary does who have relied on either Medicare, direction. not want the VA to change. which is being diminished by $270 bil- We have tried to work with the Vet- Mr. President, I am tired of the rhet- lion, or Medicaid, which is being dimin- erans Administration for the past sev- oric. It is not serving anyone—particu- ished by $182 billion, will have to turn eral months on ways to trim VA’s larly not our Nation’s veterans. to VA for needed health care. I find budget, so that the budget of VA will There are few experts on VA who be- that ironic. be used to serve the veterans. Unfortu- lieve that the current quality of man- Mr. President, VA health care is at a nately, the secretary has completely agement of VA hospitals is adequate. crossroads, and many innovative and stonewalled and refused to cooperate GAO, the Congressional Budget Office, dynamic changes are happening within with it. The secretary of the VA has the VA Inspector General, and the vet- the system. We have a lot of improve- done everything in his power to tor- eran service organizations have advo- ments that we can make, and they are pedo efforts of the Congress to reform cated major changes to the way VA op- being done—not all, but some. the VA medical system, to bring it into erates. Some, as I have indicated, suggest the 21st century, to get rid of fraud, They have pointed out scores of op- that the number of veterans is declin- waste, and abuse, and to make sure portunities for management improve- ing, and that that, therefore, justifies that we use modern techniques to serve ments, which would result in hundreds cutbacks in VA health care. People our veterans with the high quality of of millions of dollars of savings—which even laugh at that. Well, it is true that care that this country is capable of would improve, rather than hinder the overall veteran population is com- providing, but I fear in too many in- quality of patient care. ing down. It is now just over 26 million. stances does not provide through the You can save by shifting from inpa- A few years ago, it was close to 27 mil- VA. tient to outpatient care. The veterans, lion. It is also true the demand for VA The secretary has sent computer e- in their independent budget, rec- health care continues to increase. The mail messages to every one of VA’s ommend shifting inpatient care to an question is whether we will meet it 220,000 employees decrying the congres- outpatient basis for savings of up to $2 under the obligations that we have. sional budget resolution and its dev- billion. VA estimates it could save $761 This is a phenomenon—this demand astating impact on veterans health million. for more health care—that is easy to care. He has sent messages out to each The inspector general testified that understand once one realizes that as employee on their pay stubs saying: ‘‘VA does not always receive the best the population continues to age, the ‘‘The administration’s plan is much price for pharmaceuticals, for which demand for health care services actu- better for veterans and their families.’’ VA spent close to $1 billion in fiscal ally is on the rise. He has made speeches across the year 1994, and millions of dollars in an- As our veterans age, we must make country, talking about bed closures nual cost savings are not realized.’’ sure that the promises a grateful na- and patients being denied air care. He VA is overpaying in its fee-basis pro- tion has made will not be undone as we has impugned the motives of Congress gram for outpatient care. Again, the IG rush to balance the budget. and the congressional budget resolu- audits say the VA could save $25 mil- I urge my colleagues to adopt this tion. lion. amendment. I think it is very, very disappointing All of these reforms, like not spend- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who will that the secretary has chosen to use ing too much on affiliations with med- yields time? his efforts on politics rather than on ical schools, not providing surgical Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- finding ways to serve the veterans bet- services at every VA facility, when it is self such time as I may require. ter. far safer for the veterans to be served Mr. President, it is not hard to see He has cited statistics that are over- in areas where surgical services are how this Congress has gotten into the stated, as the GAO has found, or need performed on a regular basis—all of habit in the past of spending more to be put into context. For example, these are savings that could go to the money than we take in, of running the secretary said that this measure bottom line of better care for veterans. deficits of $200 billion or more, putting will result in hundreds of beds being Let us be clear. This bill provides an burdens on our economy and terrible closed. But what the secretary has not increase for VA medical care. It is an burdens on the backs of our children acknowledged is that the VA has been, increase. It is $16.45 billion to care for and grandchildren. When we talk about and plans to continue absent any budg- fewer than 3 million veterans—about cuts, as my friend from West Virginia etary constraints, to close hospital $5,500 per veteran. The bill seeks only has—about draconian cuts in Medicare, beds because of the demand for care on to reduce the rate of increase in VA when under the budget resolution an outpatient basis—rather than hos- medical spending by forcing the VA to Medicare will rise per recipient faster pitalization. Since 1989, VA has closed adopt modern health care delivery than the rate of inflation in coming almost 20,000 hospital beds—and the methods, reduce bureaucracy and im- years, only in Washington, DC, is that budget has increased each of the years prove management. There is adequate a cut. since 1989. money in this budget—without busting My colleague from West Virginia is In a September 12 letter to the House the budget, without destroying the complaining about the draconian cuts Veterans, Affairs Committee Chairman congressional agreement to achieve a in veterans medical care. Our increase STUMP, GAO found serious flaws in zero deficit in 2002—to provide the in medical care for the VA is the larg- VA’s analysis of the possible impacts of quality of care that our veterans are est in this bill. It will be an increase of the House budget resolution. VA over- entitled to. $285 million above fiscal year 1995— stated the funds it would need to main- Mr. President, I reserve the remain- that at a time when every other aspect tain its current level of services be- der of my time. of this budget is being cut. cause, according to GAO, it based its Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, how Now, we have a clear choice. We have projected funding needs on assump- much time remains? a clear choice on these two amend- tions that there will be an increase in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Seven ments. Neither one of them are offset. VA workload in fiscal year 1996, and minutes twenty seconds are left on the There is language in the amendment that it will be maintained for the out- opponents’ side, and 6 minutes 12 sec- which purports to change the congres- years; it limited savings from increases onds are left for the proponents. sional budget resolution that has been in the efficiency with which services Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I adopted months ago. We cannot do will be delivered, and steadily increas- yield 3 minutes to the distinguished that. This is simply a budget buster. It ing costs, workload and staffing due to Senator from Maryland, Senator MI- feels good. If you do not care about the facility activations. KULSKI.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Ms. MIKULSKI. I am proud to be a bill for fiscal year 1996 that specifically also would eliminate all major medical cosponsor of the Rockefeller amend- concern our Nation’s veterans. My dis- construction projects requested by the ment, which would restore funding to tinguished colleagues who are cospon- President. In the process, some veterans medical care. soring this amendment are to be con- projects involving VA hospitals that do This amendment is about promises gratulated for their efforts to ensure not meet community standards and are made, it’s about keeping our commit- veterans’ access to quality VA health deteriorating would not be funded. How ments. care is not seriously compromised and can we treat veterans in facilities that This amendment is for the GI Joe to protect some mentally incompetent do not meet fire and other safety generation—the World War II genera- veterans who are being targeted for standards? In obsolete facilities that tion—our fathers who fought on the discriminatory, arbitrary, and shame- lack separate rest rooms and dressing battlefront overseas and our mothers ful cuts in VA compensation. room areas for men and women vet- who fought on the homefront here in Mr. President, while these amend- erans? This is a travesty and no way to our communities. ments address two different issues— treat those who have defended our This amendment is for the men and veterans health care and compensation country. Our veterans don’t deserve women who fought in Korea in an for the most vulnerable group of Amer- such shabby and undignified treatment undeclared war; the soldiers who served ican veterans—they are prompted by and I will do all in my power to see in Vietnam in an unpopular war; the one basic concern. Our pressing need to that this shameful situation ends. I veterans from the high-tech Gulf war; balance the budget. Unfortunately this hope that all of my colleagues will join and, the new veterans from humani- pressing need is being used to justify me in this long overdue effort. tarian missions in Somalia and Haiti. unequal sacrifice. Veterans with serv- Mr. President, as I pointed out at a I have always fought to get them the ice-connected disabilities and indigent Veterans Affairs Committee hearing a care they deserve—and they deserve veterans, many of whom earned their few months ago these cuts could not the best. VA benefits at great cost on bloody come at a worse time. We are now talk- Although this bill increases the fund- battlefields are seeing those benefits ing about cutting $270 billion over the ing level for veterans medical care by whittled away, while the most affluent next 7 years from Medicare and making $235 million over last year, it is still of our citizens are exempted from sac- deep cuts in Medicaid. This could lead $511 million below the President’s re- rifice. Instead of being asked to share to a much greater demand for VA serv- quest and $327 million below the House the pain, the wealthy seemingly are ices precisely at a time when VA number. supposed to contribute to balancing health care capabilities are eroding. When we compare this year’s number the budget by accepting substantial Would the VA be able to cope with an to last year’s it looks as if the vets are tax cuts. What kind of shared sacrifice influx of elderly and indigent veterans getting a deal. But that is not true. is this? eligible for health care, but currently This increase does not keep up with the I believe that one of the great covered by Medicare or Medicaid? skyrocketing increase in the cost of strengths of these amendments is that There sometimes is much talk about a health care delivery. The increase does they make a significant contribution declining veterans’ population, but not allow the VA to keep pace with the to righting the balance. The $511 mil- much less about an aging veterans’ number of veterans needing treat- lion that would be restored to the med- population—one that disproportion- ment—particularly the long term care ical care account to enable the VA to ately requires expensive and intensive requirements for the aging veteran meet veterans health care needs and care. What happens if this population population. the $170 million that is needed to en- grows even more as a result of Medi- It is inevitable that the quality of sure that all mentally ill veterans con- care and Medicaid cuts? Before vet- the health care we promised to our vet- tinue to receive unrestricted com- erans fall victim to the law of unin- erans will decrease. pensation are to be offset by limiting tended consequences, I strongly urge IMPACT OF SENATE FY 1996 MARK any tax cuts provided in the reconcili- my colleagues to give careful consider- Medical care—Assuming an increase of ation bill to families with incomes of ation to the cumulative impact on vet- only $285 million above the 1995 appropria- less than $100,000. erans’ health care of such concurrent tion, the impact in 1996 would be the fol- Our Nation’s veterans are prepared to cuts in Federal health care funding. lowing. sacrifice for the good of this country as Regarding amendment No. 2784, I was A reduction of $511 million from VA’s re- they have done so often in the past, but frankly appalled when I learned that quest: only if the sacrifices they are asked to both the House and Senate versions of A reduction of 6,500 FTE 113,000 fewer vets treated make are: (1) equitable; (2) reasonable; H.R. 2099 include a provision that lim- 46,000 less inpatients treated and (3) essential. Clearly, these sac- its compensation benefits for mentally 1,000,000 less outpatient visits rifices that service-connected—particu- incompetent veterans without depend- Closing the equivalent of 4 medical centers larly mentally incompetent veterans— ents but does not limit benefits for with an average of 300 beds each. and indigent veterans are being asked physically incapacitated veterans Mr. President, I recognize the need to to make meet none of these essential without dependents—or any other class balance the budget. But it rubs against criteria. of veterans for that matter. As I under- everything I believe in to do that on Mr. President, before I conclude I stand it, compensation for service-con- the backs of the GI Joe generation, es- would like to discuss each of the nected disabilities paid to mentally in- pecially while we pile money up in a amendments. Amendment No. 2785 competent veterans without depend- slush fund so that we can dole out a tax would restore to the medical care ac- ents would be terminated when the vet- break to people who are making 6 fig- count $511 million cut from the Presi- eran’s estate reached $25,000 and not re- ure incomes. dent’s budget for fiscal year 1996. While instated until the veteran’s estate fell So, I think it would be only fair to there may be some doubt as to the va- to $10,000. live up to the long-standing commit- lidity of VA projections of the precise Such unequal treatment is out- ments we made with our veterans be- impact of such a cut on veterans health rageous and indefensible. How can we fore we start making new commit- care, there is little doubt that it would discriminate against veterans who be- ments with the wealthiest of Ameri- result in some combination of substan- came disabled while serving their coun- cans. tial reductions in the number of vet- try only because they are mentally ill. I certainly hope this Senate will rec- erans treated both as outpatients and In eloquent and informative testimony ognize the commitment our great na- inpatients as the number of VA health before the Senate Veterans’ Affairs tion has made to its veterans and stand care personnel shrink. According to the Committee, Secretary of Veterans Af- by that commitment by supporting the VA, this cut could have an impact that fairs Jessie Brown, who I regard as an Rockefeller-Mikulski amendment. is equivalent to closing some sizable outstanding Cabinet officer and a sin- Mr. WELLSTONE. Mr. President, I VA medical facilities. gularly tenacious and effective advo- am pleased and proud to be an original While not directly related to this cate for veterans, pointed out that the cosponsor of the two amendments to amendment but related to the quality only difference between veterans who H.R. 2099, the VA–HUD appropriations of VA health care generally, this bill have lost both arms and legs and those

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14293 who have a mental condition as a re- I commend Senator BOND. He is a We do have an obligation to care for sult of combat fatigue, is that the lat- fierce fighter for his causes. He had an- those who are harmed as a result of ter group can’t defend themselves. other one that has been erroneously their military service. Moreover, the Secretary stressed, we presented. They said there would be no But remember that almost 90 percent are not only talking about veterans hospital refurbishment. That is wrong. of VA patients are being treated for who seem to have no organic basis for Refurbishment can be funded by minor non-service-connected conditions. construction, which is increased by $37 their mental illness, but also veterans And, yes, we do have a policy to care million in this bill. who were shot in the head on the bat- for additional veterans to the extent tlefield and as a result of brain damage Let me review the bidding in my that resources are available. can’t attend to their own affairs. And, years here in the U.S. Senate with this I might add that to make matters remarkable series of charts. I have But, that does not mean that we have worse, this provision amounts to never done this, probably will never do an obligation to make resources avail- means-tested compensation that ap- it again. Here we are. Look here. When able without limit. plies to only one class of veterans—the I came to the Senate in 1978 with my America’s veterans served to pre- mentally ill. I am aware that such a good colleague from Montana over serve our Republic and to ensure a bet- provision was enacted in OBRA 1990 there—I see him smiling—when I came ter future for their own children and and withstood court challenge, but the here, there was the total VA budget of grandchildren. fact that it was held to be constitu- almost $20 billion. The total health But, the Congress will throw away all tional makes it no less abhorrent. For- care budget in 1978 was $5.1 billion and that our veterans fought to preserve if tunately, Congress had the good sense is $16.2 billion in 1995. Here is what it is we fail to stick to our plan to balance to let this onerous provision expire in today: Nearly double. The total VA the budget. 1992. budget is almost $40 billion now. It was The Rockefeller amendment is an as- Victimizing the most vulnerable of $20 billion when I started here 17 years sault on the budget resolution and the our veterans while providing tax cuts ago. goal of a balanced budget. to our wealthiest citizens smacks of af- If you say it is all in paper or the va- flicting the afflicted while comforting pors, here is the increase in VA staff by It uses veterans as point men to the comfortable. I urge my colleagues human beings. We are always talking break down the fire walls that con- from both sides of the aisle to support about human beings here, so we want strain the natural desire of the Con- amendment No. 2784. to talk about the human beings that gress to spend money. Finally, Mr. President, I am very are working for the VA. There are It will put Senators in the position of proud to be a Member of the Senate, quite a number of them. voting to fund a tax cut for the rich at the oldest democratically elected delib- Physicians have gone up from 11,200 the expense of sick veterans. erative body in the world. But I’m sure to 12,300; registered nurses from 26,000 It does so by providing for $511 mil- the last thing any of you would want is to 37,000; and nonphysician providers lion increased spending for VA health for this great deliberative body to FTE, a whole new category of those care and offsetting the cost by limiting merely rubberstamp ill-advised actions who serve veterans and who are paid the benefits of a tax cut to families by the House and in the case of the VA for by the taxpayers were zero in 1975 with incomes over $100,000. Medical Account to make matters even and 3,079 in 1995. And we hear about Remember that VA health care actu- worse by appropriating $327 million veterans growing in number—they are ally INCREASES in this appropriation. less than was appropriated by the not. We all know that. Here it is: There Remember that VA has never had to House. were 28.5 million veterans in 1978, and The veterans health care and com- we are headed down to the year 2010 try to become more cost effective pensation protected by these two where there will be 20 million veterans. under the pressure of REAL cost con- amendments are by no means hand- When we are finished with this budget straints. outs, but entitlements earned by men exercise in 7 years, there will be 23 mil- The Rockefeller amendment would and women who put their lives on the lion veterans instead of the 26 million have the effect of funding continued line to defend this great country. They today. business as usual. are part and parcel of America’s irrev- If we cannot work through the cloud Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ocable contract with its veterans, a of vapors about what we do for vet- strongly support and am pleased to co- contract that long predates the Con- erans in this country, then look at sponsor the amendment being offered tract With America we’ve heard so this. Here is what we have done in 1978. by Senators ROCKEFELLER and MIKUL- much about recently. Here is what we are doing now. Hos- SKI to add $511 million to the veterans I have a deep commitment to Min- pital admissions, down now. We are health care component of this appro- nesota veterans to protect the veterans trying to do outpatient instead of inpa- priations bill. This increase will bring benefits they have earned and are enti- tient. Look at the outpatient visits: funding in the bill to the level proposed tled to and in cosponsoring these 17.4 million in 1978, versus 25.9 million by the President in his fiscal year 1996 amendments I am keeping my faith in 1995. It is tough enough to get things budget request. with them. I urge my colleagues to join done around here using correct figures. There is no more patriotic or gen- me in supporting both amendments. It is impossible to get anything done erous group of Americans than our Na- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield the when you use a combination of emo- tion’s veterans. Not only do they care Senator from Wyoming 4 minutes. tion, fear, guilt or whatever. deeply about the national security of Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, again, I am proud to be a veteran, very this country, they care about its eco- I speak as chairman of the Veterans’ proud to be a veteran and a lifetime nomic health and social welfare as Affairs Committee. There are two member of the VFW and a member of well. But we ought not ask of those facts, alleged to be facts, that are not the American Legion and AMVETS, who suffered physically or mentally so. and we do our share. They know it. We from their military service to make ad- It has been said in the debate some know it. veterans will be turned away. That There is not a person in this Chamber ditional sacrifices with regard to the may be so, but the care for those non- that can say in any conscientious way future of their health care system. service connected is on a space-avail- that we have not done yeoman work Veterans have borne their fair share able basis anyway, and some veterans for our veterans. We will continue to of budget cuts over the past decade. will not be cared for by the VA no mat- do it for one reason. We will find out Their benefits and services over that ter what the funding level. when we do this amendment. Mention period have been cut approximately $10 Please hear that. I hope that those the word ‘‘veteran’’ and hope to get ev- billion. Under the budget resolution who are debating it will hear it. Some erybody to the floor and vote for it re- passed earlier this year, they are slated veterans will not be cared for by the gardless of its sense. to take additional cuts of $6.4 billion VA at any funding level you can put An amendment to increase funding over the next 7 years. And in this bill, up, including the level proposed by my for VA health care sure sounds attrac- it’s not just any cuts—it’s cuts in their friend from West Virginia. tive. Who can be against sick veterans? health care. Veterans have paid

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14294 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 enough; their accounts should be free Mr. ROCKEFELLER. I ask unani- Mr. President, is all time used up on and clear. mous consent to yield myself such time both sides? In establishing priorities in this era as I need. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- of shrinking resources, it is my firm The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ator from Missouri has about a minute belief that veterans must remain at the objection, it is so ordered. and 45 remaining, the Senator from top of the national agenda. That has Mr. ROCKEFELLER. I simply con- West Virginia has 17 seconds remain- not happened in this bill. The veterans clude this argument by saying the Fi- ing. have been short-changed in this legisla- nance Committee has been meeting all Mr. BOND. Will the Senator care to tion, but we have a chance to correct day. They are meeting as we talk. The use his 17 seconds? hat mistake by passing the Rocke- Senator from Wyoming and I are on Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, feller-Mikulski amendment. I don’t that. They are going to pass out—with- three veterans organizations do sup- know how in good conscience my col- out my vote, but it will happen—the port this amendment by their letters. I leagues can oppose it. Committee will pass out $450 billion of ask unanimous-consent letters be The $16.4 billion allocated for vet- cuts in Medicare and Medicaid. printed in the RECORD from the Vet- erans health care in this bill is $327 I repeat that one can say that there erans of Foreign Wars, Paralyzed Vet- million below the House-passed level, are fewer veterans, but it is also statis- erans of America, and Disabled Vet- and more than half a million dollars tically true that the demands by vet- erans. below the President’s request. That is erans for health care, as the demand There being no objection, the letters unconscionable. Veterans, who put for other American citizens for health were ordered to be printed in the their lives on the line in service to care, is increasing. It is larger than it RECORD, as follows: their country, deserve better. The very was in the previous year. VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS least they deserve is a quality health As a result of what we are doing in OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, DC, September 25, 1995. care system on which they can rely. the Finance Committee and the cut- Hon. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV The proposed appropriations level in backs in Medicare and Medicaid, I envi- U.S. Senate, this bill clearly undermines the VA’s sion a substantially increased number Washington, DC. ability to fulfill its health care mission of veterans who will not be able to DEAR SENATOR ROCKEFELLER: It is my un- to those who have suffered injuries re- avail themselves, for example, of that derstanding that you intended to offer two sulting from their military service. assistance to the extent that they amendments to H.R. 2099, the ‘‘FISCAL And it undermines Congress’ long- could before, and who will, therefore, YEAR 1996 VA, HUD, and INDEPENDENT standing commitment to care for the AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS’’ bill. One need to turn to the Department of Vet- amendment would restore VA medical fund- Nation’s veterans. Mr. President, the erans Affairs. ing to the level proposed in the Administra- pot of money available for VA health To further cut veterans’ health care tion’s request and the other would strike the care in this bill is simply insufficient is wrong. Is that emotional? Yes, part- provision terminating VA disability com- to maintain current services. That is ly. But mostly it is a promise. It is a pensation to certain mentally incompetent just plain wrong, and I hope my col- commitment. It is a commitment that veterans whose estates are greater than leagues will do the right thing today was made by this Nation and it is a $25,000. The VFW strongly supports both amendments. and vote for this amendment. commitment made to no other group in For years, the VFW has maintained that For those of you who believe that the this Nation. VA health care has been sorely under funded. proposed level of funding will not have Interestingly, veterans groups are The funding level contained in H.R. 2099 will an impact—that the VA will be able to not, as a rule, as caught up in amend- not only contribute to delayed and denied absorb these cuts through efficiencies— ments like this as I think they ought care, but breaks a solemn promise to vet- let me tell you what the VA thinks. to be. I cannot help that. I know what erans that a grateful nation will care for They estimate that the proposed fund- the commitment is. I know what my those who have borne the battle. The VFW also commends you for attempt- ing level will result in 133,000 fewer vet- responsibility is. I know what my ing to rectify a potential precedent setting erans being treated in fiscal year 1996. 202,200 veterans in West Virginia re- provision that would deny disability com- They believe that they will be able to quire. I do not want to let them down. pensation to what may be the most vulner- treat 46,000 fewer inpatient episodes of I hope that the amendment will be able of all veterans—those deemed incom- care and 1 million fewer outpatient vis- looked upon carefully by my col- petent. This is contrary to all sense of fair- its. And they believe they will have to leagues. I yield the floor. ness. reduce employment levels by 6,500—the Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- Again, thank you for offering these two self the remaining time on this side. amendments on behalf of our nation’s vet- equivalent of closing four VA Medical erans. Centers with an average of 300 beds The amendment by the Senator from Sincerely, each. While these estimates may not be West Virginia purports to deal with PAUL A. SPERA, 100 percent on target, I would guess cuts in veterans’ medical care. Commander-in-Chief. they are pretty accurate. And no one How many times do we have to say can argue that the proposed reductions it? Veterans’ medical care will go up PARALYZED VETERANS OF AMERICA, are not going to have a serious detri- over $200 million from last year and Washington, DC, September 25, 1995. mental impact on the ability of the VA this year’s bill. There are reforms need- Hon. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, ed in the Veterans Administration. I U.S. Senate, to provide high quality medical care to Washington, DC. deserving veterans. hope that by having brought some DEAR SENATOR ROCKEFELLER: I am writing As a Member of the Senate Com- light to these, we may encourage the on behalf of the Paralyzed Veterans of Amer- mittee on Veterans’ Affairs, I have to authorizing committee to look at ways ica (PVA) to ask for your support for two tell you that I don’t believe our vet- in which we can work together to see amendments that Senator John D. (Jay) erans are being treated fairly in this the quality of that care is increased. Rockefeller, IV, Ranking Member of the Sen- appropriations measure. They deserve But the amendment by the Senator ate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, plans to better than they are getting in this from West Virginia is very simply a introduce during the floor debate on H.R. 2099, the VA, HUD, & Independent Agencies bill. Therefore, I urge my colleagues to budget buster. There is not an offset. It Fiscal Year 1996 appropriations bill. These support the Rockefeller-Mikulski is a clear-cut attempt to break the two amendments would ameliorate some of amendment to add $511 million for VA agreement, to get us back on the path the harshest provisions currently found in health care to this bill which will bring of spending $200 billion a year in defi- H.R. 2099. funding up to the level proposed by the cits. It is not designed to improve med- The first amendment proposed by Senator President. It is the right thing to do. ical care for the veterans. It is designed Rockefeller would restore $511 million to VA Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, to break the budget agreement. It can- Medical Care for Fiscal Year 1996. These not at this time amend the budget monies are urgently needed by the VA in how much time is remaining to the order to enable it to provide the bare min- proponents? agreement. imum of care needed by veterans. PVA has The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mr. President, I strongly urge my long advocated the need for lasting and fun- GRAMS). Two minutes and three sec- colleagues not to support the waiver of damental changes to the way the VA cur- onds. the Budget Act point of order. rently provides health care; in the absence of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14295 real eligibility reform simply providing the nected disabilities render them mentally dis- I now ask unanimous consent it be in VA with fewer dollars would only exacerbate abled. order to proceed to the consideration of and deepen the critical situation faced by Sincerely, an amendment to be offered by the the VA, and all veterans that rely upon the THOMAS A. MCMASTERS III, Senator from Montana, Senator BAU- VA to provide them with the medical care National Commander. CUS, regarding EPA provisions, under they so desperately need, and earned. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time Senator Rockefeller’s second amendment time limit of 40 minutes equally di- would reverse a provision in H.R. 2099 that of the Senator from West Virginia has vided in the usual form and that no would realize cost savings by limiting com- expired. second-degree amendments be in order pensation to certain mentally incompetent Mr. BOND. Mr. President, again I to this amendment. veterans. PVA is shocked that this appro- urge my colleagues not to support the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without priations bill would seek to realize savings Budget Act waiver. We have provided objection, it is so ordered. from a class of veterans who are incapable of an increase. We are seeking to improve defending themselves. This is truly a case of The Senator from Montana. health care for the veterans. This Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President I ask taking money from the weak and giving it to measure simply is an attempt, on a the strong. Furthermore, we are alarmed by unanimous consent Senator MIKULSKI, the precedent that this sets: this provision very appealing case, to break the budg- Senator LAUTENBERG, Senator BOXER was not recommended by the Senate Com- et agreement. I trust that everybody in and Senator REID be added as cospon- mittee on Veterans’ Affairs, but was rather this country as well as in this body will sors to the amendment. added by the Appropriations Committee. understand what this means. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without PVA firmly believes that policy decisions Mr. President, the adoption of the objection, it is so ordered. should be made by the respective authorizing pending amendment would cause the AMENDMENT NO. 2786 committees. Therefore, PVA strongly seeks Appropriations Committee to breach (Purpose: To provide that any provision that your support of this amendment, an amend- its discretionary allocation as well as ment that would strip this noxious provision limits implementation or enforcement of from H.R. 2099. breach revenue amounts established in any environmental law shall not apply if PVA looks forward to your favorable sup- the fiscal year 1996 budget resolution. the Administrator of the Environmental port of these two amendments that Senator Pursuant to section 302(f) and 306 of the Protection Agency determines that appli- Rockefeller proposes to offer, and your con- Congressional Budget Act, I raise a cation of the prohibition or limitation tinued support of America’s veterans. point of order against the amendment. would diminish the protection of human Sincerely, Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I health or the environment otherwise pro- GORDON H. MANSFIELD, move to waive the application of the vided by law) Executive Director. Budget Act to the pending amendment. Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I send Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- an amendment to the desk and ask for DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS, its immediate consideration. Washington, DC, September 25, 1995. imous consent the amendment be set The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Hon. JOHN D. (JAY) ROCKEFELLER IV, aside. U.S. Senate, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without clerk will report. Washington, DC. objection, it is so ordered. The legislative clerk read as follows: DEAR SENATOR ROCKEFELLER: On behalf of AUCUS UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT The Senator from Montana [Mr. B ] the more than one million members of the for himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I now ask Disabled American Veterans (DAV), I wish to Mrs. BOXER and Mr. REID, proposes an express DAV’s deep appreciation for your ef- unanimous consent the following amendment numbered 2786. amendments be the only remaining forts to amend H.R. 2099, the Fiscal Year 1996 Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I ask VA, HUD and Independent Agencies Appro- amendments in order to H.R. 2099, that unanimous consent that reading of the priation bill. As we understand them, your they be offered in the first degree or amendment be dispensed with. amendments will increase funding for VA second degree to an excepted com- health care and remove a provision which The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mittee amendment, and that those of- objection, it is so ordered. would means test the service-connected dis- fered in the first degree be subject to ability compensation payments made to cer- The amendment is as follows: tain mentally incompetent veterans in order relevant second-degree amendments: At the appropriate place in title III, insert to fund VA health care. Baucus, EPA provision; Daschle, rel- the following: We in the DAV find it perplexing that Con- evant; Bradley, budget process; Fein- SEC. 3—. APPLICATION OF LIMITATIONS ON gress would divert compensation payments gold, redlining; Feingold, CDBG; IMPLEMENTATION OR ENFORCEMENT OF CER- from service-connected disabled veterans to Simon-Moseley-Braun, strike transfer TAIN LAWS. increase VA funding for health care, particu- of HUD fair housing office to DOJ; Lau- Any prohibition or limitation in this Act larly in view of the fact that the veterans’ tenberg, Superfund/CEQ increase; on the implementation or enforcement of service organizations (VSOs) had presented any law administered by the Administrator Congress with a plan to save taxpayer dol- Chafee, Kalamazoo, MI; Bumpers, reac- of the Environmental Protection Agency lars while at the same time increasing access tor sale; Harkin, EPA lead sinkers; shall not apply if the Administrator deter- to VA health care. Faircloth, occupancy standards; Fair- mines that application of the prohibition or As you may know, the DAV filed a class cloth, fair housing and free speech; limitation would diminish the protection of action law suit against a similar provision Johnston, environmental technology; human health or the environment otherwise targeting mentally incompetent service-con- Feinstein, CDBG; Feinstein earthquake provided by law. nected disabled veterans which was con- insurance; cleared managers amend- Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, this tained in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. In granting DAV’s request for a ments; and a Bingaman amendment amendment is simple. It provides that temporary injunction, U.S. District Judge dealing with colonias. no environmental rider in the appro- Shirley Wohl Kram found that withholding I further ask, following disposition of priations bill will take effect if the compensation payments to certain incom- the listed amendments, the managers rider would weaken protection of pub- petent veterans was based on ‘‘irrational dis- be recognized to offer their cleared lic health or the environment. The crimination against the mentally disabled amendments to be followed by adoption amendment sends a strong message: We * * * the virtually exclusive, if unattended of any remaining committee amend- should not use appropriations bills for result, is impermissible discrimination ments, third reading of H.R. 2099, as back door attacks on environmental against mentally incompetent disabled vet- erans.’’ The DAV and the Department of Vet- amended. protection or the quality of life in erans Affairs (VA) ultimately settled this The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without America. lawsuit resulting in the return of $100 mil- objection, it is so ordered. To explain why we need this amend- lion in compensation payments to these Mr. BOND. Now, Mr. President, in ment let me put it in perspective. Dur- equally deserving service-connected disabled light of this agreement, the leader has ing this Congress there has been a lot veterans. authorized me to announce that there of debate about environmental laws. Senator Rockefeller, we commend you for will be no further votes tonight. How- Some of the debate has been pretty your efforts to ensure that Congress provides ever, votes will be stacked to occur at heated. But when you strip away the adequate funding for VA health care and for recognizing the basic unfairness of means approximately 9 a.m., Wednesday. Sen- rhetoric, two points become clear. testing the compensation paid to a most ators who have amendments are urged First, the American people want a helpless category of service-connected dis- and begged to remain tonight to debate clean environment. I do not think abled veterans—those whose service-con- their amendments. there is much dispute about that. We

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14296 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 want a clean environment because we of the wetlands program under section Safe Drinking Water Act will dramati- want to protect the public health. We 404 of the Clean Water Act. Though we cally reduce the cost of rules and regu- know that bad environment tends to all know that we need to reform the lations without weakening the protec- degrade public health. wetlands program. I do not think there tion of our drinking water. We are Because we want the high quality of is a Senator here who has not heard of doing that. We are reforming the Safe life that comes with clean air and clean the need to reform the wetlands pro- Drinking Water Act in a good, solid, water and clean neighborhoods, we feel gram. In Montana, for example, my and balanced way. we need environmental protection State, farmers are fed up with the con- With some compromises by big busi- laws. And because we feel a responsi- fusion and paperwork over the 404 pro- ness and insurers, we can also get a bility to hand America the beautiful gram. consensus reform of Superfund, a re- down to our children, we also need en- But the House rider is not reform. It form that cuts litigation costs for in- vironmental protection laws. To have a is a complete rollback. It stops the dustry and speeds up cleanup of haz- clean environment we need strong, fair wetlands program dead in its tracks, ardous wastesites for local families. environmental laws. period. Stops it. We lose thousands of Other efforts—some of them even Second, we want environmental laws acres of wetlands. more ambitious—are underway. For ex- that are smart. Not only laws that are Another would prohibit the imple- ample, under the leadership of Sen- strong but that are smart, that make mentation of the Clean Water Act limi- ators MIKULSKI and BOND, Congress sense; laws that are less burdensome tations on industrial and municipal commissioned a study of EPA by the for landowners and for business, more stormwater runoff. Other riders would National Academy of Public Adminis- capable of addressing the complex and stop the implementation of rules for tration. What did that study say? It subtle environmental problems we face combined sewer overflows. And the list said essentially that EPA should de- today than are the laws America goes on and on. velop a long-term mission. It said that passed 25 years ago. In each case, Mr. President—this is EPA should delegate more authority to It is not easy to get such laws. If we an important point—there may be a le- States. And it said we should replace want to do a good job, strike the right gitimate underlying issue. There prob- our hodgepodge of environmental laws balance, we need to put in the time and ably is a legitimate underlying issue in with an overarching, uniform environ- the effort to get it right—roll up our each case. Take combined sewer over- mental law. sleeves, do the work, find the right bal- flows, for example. What are combined If we can find consensus on turning ance between laws that on the one sewer overflows? First of all, it is a these recommendations into law, EPA hand protect the environment and on pretty unpleasant situation. They are would be able to focus its efforts on the the other hand are not too burdensome, sewer systems that overflow during highest priority threats to public do not require too much paperwork. heavy rains, thereby pouring raw sew- health and the quality of life rather It takes work, a lot of hard work. age directly into rivers and harbors than pursuing this hodgepodge of stat- And that is precisely what the House and sometimes onto the shore. That is utes which currently exists and which, has failed to do. The House version of what combined sewer overflows are. I must say, these riders do not in the this bill contains 17 environmental rid- There are a lot of them in our country. ers designed to weaken environmental Over 1,000 communities have com- remote sense even begin to address. In laws all across the country. These rid- bined sewer overflows. They are a very fact, they go the opposite direction. We ers would jeopardize public health. significant cause of pollution and can could make the environmental protec- They would jeopardize the quality of cause serious public health problems. tion much more effective if we could life for American families. In most It is a major problem in many cities in adopt these recommendations. Busi- cases, they respond to the demands of our country. However, they are dif- nesses, farmers, and landowners would special interests rather than to the na- ficult and they are expensive to con- see paperwork dramatically cut back tional interests of strong, efficient en- trol. and compliance with laws made much vironmental protection. And they do So the old command-and-control ap- more simple. The public would see the the opposite of what the public wants. proach may not work best in dealing elimination of needless layers of bu- The riders would make our air and our with the problem of combined sewer reaucracy. water dirtier—not cleaner, dirtier. And overflows. The House riders do none of this. the riders would make our air and A few years ago, cities and environ- They will simply mean a less healthy, water smellier, worsen threats to pub- mental groups negotiated a more flexi- less pleasant life for Americans. It is lic health, and degrade the quality of ble approach. That is, both sides, on that simple. life. opposite sides of the problem, got to- I am pleased to say that this Senate A few of them are relatively innoc- gether and negotiated a solution. The bill takes a much more moderate ap- uous. For example, the House prevents Environment and Public Works Com- proach. It does not pursue the draco- EPA from implementing the central- mittee endorsed this approach in the nian riders to the same degree the ized vehicle inspection maintenance clean water bill that it reported last House does. The Senate bill does con- program, a program which EPA has year, and the full House did the same tain some restrictions that, to my pretty much decided not to implement in the clean water bill that it reported mind, do not belong. But there are anyway. But most of the riders are earlier this year. fewer riders in the Senate bill, and sev- anything but innocuous. For example, What does the House appropriations eral of those reflect previous Senate one would block—entirely block—im- rider do about this? It is very simple. It action and will not undermine environ- plementation of the Great Lakes water prevents the EPA from doing anything mental protection. quality initiative, stop it dead in its to control these sewer overflows. It For this reason, it is important for tracks. That would halt efforts to take cannot even enforce the negotiated ap- the Senate to make a strong statement a coordinated approach to pollution proach that everyone agreed to. Think against loading this bill up with riders from dioxin, mercury, PCB’s and other of that. It cannot even enforce the ne- that will gut our environmental laws, bioaccumulative pollutants in the gotiated approach that everyone degrade the air and water, threaten Great Lakes. Another House rider agreed to. As a result, all across the public health, and worsen the quality would block new rules regulating toxic country we will be doing less to reduce of life for hundreds of thousands of air emissions from hazardous waste in- the overflow of raw sewage into public Montanans and millions of Americans. cinerators or from oil refineries. That beaches. My amendment makes just such a means more, not less but more, cancer- Clearly, this is the wrong approach statement. It is very simple. Here is causing chemicals in the air. And, for to reform. What is the right approach? what it says. The Environment and Public Works Americans who live near refineries, it . . . any prohibition or limitation in this means further years of living in a place Committee is working to reauthorize Act on the implementation or enforcement, that just, simply, smells bad. several of the major environmental or any law administered by the Adminis- Another one—these are the House laws. We are taking fresh approaches. trator of the Environmental Protection riders—would block EPA enforcement For example, the new version of the Agency, shall not apply if the Administrator

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14297 determines that the application of the prohi- I have been around here working on proven highly successful over the past bition or limitation would diminish protec- regulatory reform. We have been very 25 years. tion of human health and the environment careful on regulatory reform to suggest Mr. President, since 1970, smog has otherwise provided by law. procedures that an agency must go decreased 70 percent. Acid rain has de- The amendment would act as kind of through to make sure they use com- creased 45 percent. Since 1973, the num- a circuit breaker. If the final version of mon sense, to make sure that they ber of lakes and other water bodies the bill contains environmental riders, have the cost and the benefits consid- that are swimmable and fishable has the amendment authorizes the EPA ered. If they cannot determine those increased from 40 percent to 60 percent. Administrator to review the implica- with exactitude, they need to let us Since 1988, toxic emissions have fallen tion of those riders. know what they do know. We ask that by 42 percent. If the Administrator finds that the they use good, sound science. But we In other words, we have been making rider threatens public health or the en- were very careful in drafting our regu- tremendous progress. But unless we vironment, she would invalidate the re- latory reform bill not to have a super- hold the line, that progress will un- striction. In that case, she would con- mandate, not to allow the Congress or ravel. And the end result will be dis- tinue to apply current law. appearing wetlands, increasingly pol- As a result, the American people anyone challenging regulations to go luted air and water, and beaches would know that their health, their back wholesale and open up a whole se- strewn once again with waste. air, and their rivers and streams are ries of regulations and overturn regula- There are so many problems with the safe. tions. I ask the Senate to support this Here in front of us is a provision giv- riders in the House bill that I cannot amendment, to support the thoughtful ing a supermandate to the Adminis- list them all. But let me just review environmental reform and to stand up trator of the Environmental Protection some of the more offensive provisions. First, the House bill would punch a for the quality of life, the public Agency to say, ‘‘In my judgment, that variety of special interest loopholes in health, and our responsibility to the particular statute might diminish the the Clean Air Act. One rider would pro- next generation of Americans. protection of human health or the en- I reserve the remainder of my time. vironment. Therefore, it does not vide a special exemption for the oil in- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, before I apply.’’ dustry, which no longer would have to begin, I need to ask unanimous consent I am absolutely overwhelmed at the comply with the Act’s hazardous toxic to add to the list of amendments that breathtaking simplicity, straight- air pollution standards. we just adopted the following five forwardness and unconstitutionality of Another rider would specifically amendments due to miscommunication the provision. And I am not going to lower the toxic air pollution standards on our side. These were left off. bother to go into any great length dis- for cement kilns. Not for any other They are, No. 1, Senator MCCAIN, VA cussing the riders. I would just ask my type of incinerator, just cement kilns. medical care; No. 2, Senator WARNER, colleagues when they come in tomor- Then there is a provision that would EPA contractors; No. 3, Senator SIMP- row to take a look at it and see if we exempt the oil and gas industry from SON, EPA Senior Employment Pro- want to set the Administrator up risk management requirements. The gram; No. 4, Senator CHAFEE, EPA somewhere above the Supreme Court. result of that loophole would be to ex- brown fields; No. 5, Senator THURMOND, I appreciate the kind things the Sen- clude 45,000 facilities from standards VA programs. ator from Montana has said about what that are designed to protect workers The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without we tried to craft in this bill. We do from injuries and deaths resulting from objection, it is so ordered. want to work with them. Certainly we accidental chemical releases. Mr. BOND. I thank the Chair. I thank have been very careful to try to keep That is a particularly offensive loop- my colleagues on the other side. I very the EPA legislative provisions to what hole to me because a recent explosion much appreciate that. I hope we can we think are reasonable. We look for- in a chemical factory in Lodi, NJ, get all of these amendments together. I ward to working with them. But I urge could have been prevented if a risk believe after we have several of these my colleagues not to give the EPA, the management plan was in place. on which we will have votes—they are Administrator, power to veto laws en- Another rider would essentially very important votes—I believe and acted by Congress and signed by the make the Clean Air Act voluntary. hope that we can work out many of President. This rider eliminates EPA’s ability to these so that they will not require roll- I reserve the remainder of my time. impose sanctions, even if a State fails call votes. Mr. BAUCUS addressed the Chair. to submit a permit program or proves Let me address this amendment. Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- unable to implement its own permit President, maybe I have been on the ator from Montana. program. This would rip the heart out floor too long today. But this one real- Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, how of the Clean Air Act. ly amazed me. I listened to a descrip- much time is remaining? I am also concerned about a House tion of the riders, and I soon realized The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- rider that would badly weaken the so- that the riders that my friend from ator from Montana controls 8 minutes called right to know law that spon- Montana was referring to were riders 40 seconds; the Senator from Missouri sored. in the House bill. And we have heard has 15 minutes 13 seconds. The right to know law is arguably lots of discussion about those riders. Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, I one of the most effective environ- We are talking about the Senate rise in strong support of Mr. Baucus mental laws on the books. It has no version. The Senate does not have amendment and in strong opposition to prescriptive requirements, yet it has those measures in it. We are not pro- the House riders that would substan- led to more voluntary pollution pre- posing to put those measures in it. tially weaken environmental and vention than any other step we have But to remedy those measures, the health protections. taken. power that my colleague from Montana The riders approved by the other It imposes no regulatory controls, re- would give to the administrator of EPA body are an example of special interest quires no permitting, sets no standards is totally awesome. The Administrator legislation at its worst. and requires no registration, labeling of EPA under his amendment would be Lobbyists for corporate polluters had or reductions in emissions. It doesn’t able to have a super veto, would be able a field day. They included a long list of even require monitoring. All it requires to make her own judgment as to anti-environmental provisions, with are estimates of the amount of toxic whether she wanted to follow a law little opportunity for serious analysis, chemicals the facilities release into passed by the House and the Senate hearings or debate. our environment. This information is and signed by the President. That is Unfortunately, these riders are part helpful for the city officials, for the truly breathtaking. I do not know of a broad assault on our environment fire and emergency personnel, and for when we have ever set up a super-veto by corporate polluters and their Repub- those who live near the plants. power to give the regulator a power to lican allies. These attacks are attempt- Despite its dearth of requirements, veto what Congress does and the Presi- ing to turn back the clock on critical the Right to Know law has probably led dent signs. environmental protections that have to more voluntary pollution prevention

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 efforts and environmental clean up not implementing it. So the basic point who wants to make sure this trust con- than any other environmental law. that the Senator from Missouri made, tinues. The Right to Know law requires com- the first point, is irrelevant. I urge my colleagues to stand firm on panies to list the amount of certain The second point I think is really protecting the environment and public chemicals that leave their facilities misconstrued. He said, gee, there is a health by supporting the Baucus through air, water, or shipment to land supermandate. amendment, then supporting the Bond disposal facilities. Mr. President, when we were dealing framework as we move through this Mr. President, the impact of the with the supermandate issue in regu- legislation and into conference. Toxic Release Inventory is impressive. latory reform, the question was wheth- Mr. President, I yield the floor. Emissions from facilities have de- er an administrator of an agency could The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who creased 42 percent nationwide since override law as a general principle, yields time? 1989; a reduction of two billion pounds. override law in drafting regulations as Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I yield my- Let me repeat that—a 42 percent reduc- a general principle. That is very broad. self such time as I may require. I believe we are about finished with tion since 1989. This is much different, totally dif- Despite the success, the authors of ferent. We are dealing here with ap- this amendment. Mr. BAUCUS. I might say to the Sen- the House riders try to limit the type proximately 17 specifically crafted ator I know of no other Senators who of information EPA can collect under House riders and a few specifically wish to speak. that law. That is just wrong. And we crafted Senate riders. Most of them Mr. BOND. All right. I know of no should reject it. would meet the test, but a few of them other Senators who wish to speak on These House riders do not limit their very specifically crafted would not. this side. target to gutting air pollution pro- In addition, if the Administrator I say once again, I very much appre- grams. One rider would give a green found that this rider would cause harm ciate the kind words of the Senator light for destruction of our wetlands. to the environment or public health, from Maryland and the Senator from Another would stop EPA from regu- she then would simply have to just fol- Montana about our efforts to work on lating the most significant source of low current law. She would say she the riders. I assure them we will con- water pollution in our urban areas, would not follow the rider but she tinue to work with them. We cannot storm water and combined sewer over- would follow current law. If someone control what the House will do. I do flows. did not like her decision, that is re- not think that even if we were to adopt Yes, the House bill includes provi- viewable under the Administrative this Baucus amendment, the House sions allowing the discharge of un- Procedures Act and ultimately review- would accept it. I just believe, while I treated sewage into the water of the able in the Federal courts. can appreciate the concern, it is uncon- United States as well as our coastal It seems to me that our main goal, stitutional, and I will urge my col- beaches. the main objective is to be sure that we leagues not to support it. Forget about clean drinking water, do not pass laws, particularly riders in I want to speak briefly about the lan- forget about cleaning up toxic waste this case, which have the effect of caus- guage in the committee report which sites, forget about lakes you can swim ing more harm to public health. So I calls for a report by the Environmental in and streams you can fish in. urge my colleagues to do something Protection Agency on the need for a Overall, the 17 House riders would pretty reasonable, that is, adopt this second rule to establish emissions lim- gut the national effort to protect the amendment because it will better pro- its on small nonroad engines like environment. And that was their in- tect human health and the environ- lawnmowers and chainsaws. In re- tent. ment. sponse to questions by the Environ- I urge my colleagues to support the Mr. President, I yield 2 minutes to mental Protection Agency as to the amendment to allow EPA to ignore the Senator from Maryland. scope of the report, I want to ensure those riders which place in jeopardy The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that it not become an undue burden on the health and safety of our citizens. ator from Maryland. EPA, particularly in the event that the Let us stand up for ordinary Ameri- Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise regulatory negotiation rule reaches cans and for the environment. And let in strong support of the Baucus amend- consensus on the rule. us stand up to the lobbyists for cor- ment, and I would like to thank the EPA has already issued one rule ap- porate polluters. It is the right thing Senator for coming and offering the plicable to this industry pursuant to a to do. I am convinced that if we do the amendment this evening. It is enor- schedule dictated by a consent degree, right thing, the American people will mously appreciated. We know he has not the Clean Air Act. That schedule support us. had a difficult day in the Finance Com- also applies to the second rule which is Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I will be mittee. We also thank him for his lead- under development, through a negotia- very brief. We do not have much re- ership in the authorizing committee. tion process. The committee supports maining time anyway. Like Senator BAUCUS, I wish to com- the continuation of efforts for a nego- The Senator from Missouri made two pliment the chairman of the sub- tiated second rule that would achieve a points. The first is, gee, why are we committee on the effort that he has cost effective consensus acceptable to doing this? Because of the onerous, ob- made in the area of EPA reform. Yet, the industry, EPA, and the other par- jectionable, heinous riders that he by at the same time, we also support the ticipants. If that consensus is reached implication agreed are objectionable, Baucus amendment because we believe later this year, we would expect the re- heinous, bad provisions in the House it will help weed out those riders that port to be merely a statement of the bill, not the Senate bill. have the serious and negative impact agreement, an explanation of the ac- That point is irrelevant because what on public health or the environment. tions to carry out the agreement, and we are saying here is the Adminis- Yes, it does give the Administrator assurances that the rule as proposed trator would have the discretion to not flexibility, and it also will allow those will conform to the agreement in all follow a rider whether it is in the who know the science the authority to detail. House bill or Senate bill, if it is en- help make the decisions. If, however, the parties to the regu- acted into law, because obviously when Most importantly, I believe this latory negotiation are unable to reach the conference is completed probably amendment will act as a safety valve if consensus, then the report should ex- in the spirit of compromise the Senate the House insists on any of its riders plain in reasonable detail the air qual- is going to agree to a few of these ob- when we get to the conference. I be- ity need in ozone and carbon monoxide jectionable, heinous dastardly riders. lieve the Senate bill now has a mod- nonattainment areas for a second rule. So we are just saying that in the event erate, clear framework on how to deal The report should also explain what ad- the conference, in a spirit of com- with these riders, and I believe the ditional air quality benefits would be promise with the Senate, agrees to a Senate framework should be the pre- achieved, and in what time frame, by a certain rider, this provision is avail- vailing one. This country has entrusted nonconsensus second rule regulating able to give the Administrator the au- EPA with the health and well-being of these small engines beyond the require- thority to protect the public health by its citizens, and this is one Senator ments of the first rule.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14299 Most importantly, we would expect erans Affairs among the health care facili- nation’s veterans, whether they live in that EPA would work with us and our ties of the Department so as to ensure that Maine or Arizona, have equal access to staff over the next few months in fash- veterans having similar economic status, eli- quality health care. ioning a report, probably in letter gibility priority and, or, similar medical Unfortunately, the Department of conditions who are eligible for medical care Veterans Affairs has not traditionally form, that would not be a burden on in such facilities have similar access to such the EPA staff, but would fully address care in such facilities regardless of the re- allocated funding to provide equal ac- the oversight needs of the committee. gion of the United States in which such vet- cess to or account for increasing work- We do not wish to divert EPA from its erans reside. loads at its medical facilities. efforts to reach the consensus or form (2) The Plan shall reflect, to the maximum Some months ago I asked the Gen- implementing any consensus agree- extent possible, the Veterans Integrated eral Accounting Office to examine VA ment. Service Network, as well as the Resource medical funding deficiencies. The GAO Planning and Management System developed Mr. President, I yield back the re- found that facility costs and their re- by the Department of Veterans Affairs to ac- spective budgets vary widely, even maining time on my side on this issue. count for forecasts in expected workload and Mr. BAUCUS addressed the Chair. to ensure fairness to facilities that provide after facilities of similar mission and Mr. BOND. I believe that the Senator cost-efficient health care, and shall include size are grouped and adjustments are from—— procedures to identify reasons for variations made to account for differences such as Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I ask for in operating costs among similar facilities case mix, locality costs, salaries, train- the yeas and nays on the amendment. and ways to improve the allocation of re- ing and research. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sources so as to promote efficient use of re- While, Veterans Hospital Administra- sources and provision of quality health care. sufficient second? tion officials have acknowledged budg- (3) The Secretary shall prepare the plan in et allocation problems, GAO investiga- There appears to be. consultation with the Under Secretary of Mr. BOND. I move to table and ask Health of the Department of Veterans Af- tions found that the Department has for the yeas and nays. fairs. failed to fully implement the new The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the (b) PLAN ELEMENTS.—The plan under sub- budgeting method known as the ‘‘Re- Senator from Montana yield back his section (a) shall set forth— source Planning and Management Sys- time? (1) milestones for achieving the goal re- tem’’ which the Department developed ferred to in that subsection; and Mr. BAUCUS. I do. to remedy funding inequity. (2) a means of evaluating the success of the Let me quote the GAO report: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Secretary in meeting the goals through the Because VHA lacked resources to fund all sufficient second on the motion to plan. facilities’ expected needs, it chose to limit table? There appears to be a sufficient (c) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—The Sec- the resources given to facilities with growing retary shall submit to Congress the plan de- second. workloads. On the other hand, for facilities veloped under subsection (a) not later than The yeas and nays were ordered. with decreasing workloads, VHA chose not 180 days after the date of the enactment of Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask that to reduce their funding in proportion to the this Act. that be laid aside. expected decreases in workload. These deci- (d) PLAN IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without shall implement the plan developed under sions led to only small adjustments in the objection, it is so ordered. subsection (a) within 60 days of submitting funding for the projected cost of increased Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I believe such plan to Congress under subsection (b), workload, while facilities with decreasing the Senator from Arizona is ready to unless within such period the Secretary noti- workloads received more resources than they were projected to need. present an amendment I believe will be fies the appropriate Committees of Congress found acceptable on both sides. that such plan will not be implemented The GAO goes on to say: along with an explanation of why such plan For example, VHA forecast that the Carl AMENDMENT NO. 2787 will not be implemented. T. Hayden Medical Center needed an addi- (Purpose: To require the Secretary of Vet- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, this tional $2.3 million for fiscal year 1995 based erans Affairs to develop a plan for the allo- on expected increases in workload. However, cation of health care resources of the De- amendment is a simple one. This amendment would require the the Center actually received an additional partment of Veterans Affairs) $400,000 . . . By contrast, the San Juan facil- Mr. MCCAIN addressed the Chair. Secretary of Veterans Affairs to de- ity had the greatest decline in workload The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- velop and implement a plan to remedy within Carl T. Hayden’s facility group. Its ator from Arizona. serious and ongoing discrepancies in declining workload led to a projected $3 mil- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I thank the allocation of funds to Veterans lion decrease in budget needs, yet the facili- the chairman, the distinguished sub- Health Care facilities across the coun- ty’s budget decreased only $500,000. committee chairman, and the ranking try. The plan would require the Depart- Mr. President, it’s easy to see what’s member, Senator MIKULSKI, of Mary- ment to allocate funding to ensure that happening here. The Department of land, for allowing me to bring this veterans have equal access to quality Veterans Affairs is reluctant to reallo- amendment forward and agreeing with health care no matter what region they cate resources to meet shifting de- it. live in or which facility provides them mand. Facilities which are accustomed I will not take much time. The hour services. to a certain level of funding refuse to is late. The amendment is at the desk. Mr. President, as we know, the pend- do with less even though there case And I ask for its immediate consider- ing appropriations bill would provide loads are shrinking. And, those with ation. the Department of Veterans Affairs growing caseloads, like Carl T. Hayden, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The with approximately $17 billion to main- are simply expected to make do with clerk will report. tain and operate 173 hospitals, 376 out- what they have been getting. The legislative clerk read as follows: patient clinics, 136 nursing homes, and This practice may serve the needs of 39 domiciliaries. bureaucrats, but it does not serve the The Senator from Arizona [Mr. MCCAIN] The other thing we know, Mr. Presi- proposes an amendment numbered 2787. veteran. dent, is that the United States has be- Mr. President, this problem hit very Mr. MCCAIN. I ask unanimous con- come a very mobile nation. And there close to home. I’ve spent quite a bit of sent that further reading of the amend- are significant demographic shifts that time at the Carl T. Hayden Medical ment be dispensed with. take place around the country. The De- Center. In the winter months and at The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without partment of Veterans affairs has at- many other times throughout the year, objection, it is so ordered. tempted in the past through a function veterans wait in line for hours to con- The amendment is as follows: known as RPM, which is the Resource duct the most perfunctory administra- At the appropriate place insert: Planning and Management system, to tive functions, much less to receive SEC. —. PLAN FOR ALLOCATION OF HEALTH obtain better allocation of the funds, treatment. The facility is simply CARE RESOURCES BY DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS. but they have not done a very good job unundated. (a) PLAN.—(1) The Secretary of Veterans in doing so. Last year, the Veterans of Foreign Affairs shall develop a plan for the alloca- Congress has a responsibility to en- Wars conducted a comprehensive study tion of health care resources (including per- sure that these resources are distrib- and found that the Carl T. Hayden sonnel and funds) of the Department of Vet- uted in a manner that will ensure our Medical Center in Phoenix is ‘‘grossly

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 underfunded,’’ receiving twenty-five Mr. BOND addressed the Chair. You asked us to review VHA’s allocation percent less funding than the average The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- process, expressing a concern about the eq- urban VA hospital. ator from Missouri. uity of the process in ensuring that facility Mr. BOND. I commend my friend and funding meets the medical needs of a chang- In fiscal year 1994, the facility re- 2 colleague from Arizona on the very ing veteran population. As part of our ef- ceived $52 million less then the New forts to keep you informed about our ongo- York VA hospital, yet saw 15 percent thoughtful amendment. I have had the ing review of RPM, we have regularly briefed more patients. This serious shortfall in opportunity to discuss this amendment your staff on our progress toward issuing a funding is particularly serious for with my ranking member. It moves the report later this year. As a result of our Phoenix which is one of only three Veterans Administration in the direc- most recent briefing, you asked us to provide areas in the country where the veteran tion which we feel it is vitally impor- you with preliminary information on the population is on the rise, and which is tant for the VA to move. way VHA is using RPM to better link re- inundated every winter with visitors We have already addressed here on sources to workload by examining the vari- ations that RPM data show in facility oper- who place even greater demand on the this floor many of the problems in the way the VA operates. We think it could ating costs to determine the reasons for facility and its insufficient resources. those variations, and allocating resources Passage of this amendment will en- be far more efficient, far more effective among facilities so that veterans within the sure that we develop a plan to allocate in the service it provides to the vet- same priority categories have the same resources in a manner that will assure erans. And I believe that my distin- availability of care, to the extent practical, equal access to service by veterans and guished colleague from Arizona has throughout the VA health care system. which will take into account projected outlined a plan for implementation of In summary, RPM appears to be an im- changes in the workload of each facil- improvements that will be very good provement over VA’s previous resource allo- ity. operating procedure for the Veterans cation systems. Specifically, it creates fore- Administration. casts of expected workload and provides Mr. President, what this amendment data, such as differences in operating costs, does—and as I mentioned earlier it is a I am ready to accept the amendment that VHA could use in better matching re- very simple one—it requires the Sec- on this side, and I ask if there are any sources to anticipated workload. It also re- retary of Veterans Affairs to develop a other speakers or if my ranking mem- duces the ability of facilities to ‘‘game’’ the plan for the allocation of health care ber—— system by providing or seeming to provide resources, including personnel and Ms. MIKULSKI. I am going to accept more or more costly procedures. However, funds of the Department of Veterans the amendment as well. our work to date suggests that VHA has Affairs, among the health care facili- Mr. BOND. I do not see any—does the made limited use of RPM in understanding Senator from Arizona wish to add to the reasons for those differences and in ties of the Department so as to ensure changing allocations from what facilities re- that veterans having similar economic his remarks? Mr. McCAIN. I ask unanimous con- ceived in the past. Furthermore, VHA has status, eligibility priority and/or simi- not used RPM to allocate resources in a way lar medical conditions who are eligible sent that a GAO study, plus a letter that considers differences in veterans’ access for medical care in such facilities have from the Veterans of Foreign Wars of to care throughout the system. the United States be printed in the similar access to such care in such fa- USE OF RPM TO EXPLORE WHY OPERATING COSTS cilities regardless of the region of the RECORD. VARY There being no objection, the mate- United States in which such veterans Although the RPM data show significant reside. rial is ordered to be printed in the differences in facility operating costs, VHA Mr. President, I will admit to a cer- RECORD, as follows: has not, as it originally planned, developed tain amount of parochialism in this U.S. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE, processes to allow a better understanding of amendment because I come from a Washington, DC, September 12, 1995. potential reasons for those variations. Origi- nally, VHA intended to assess reasons for State that is growing in population, es- Hon. JOHN MCCAIN, U.S. Senate, variations in costs among facilities through pecially as a retirement area, and there DEAR SENATOR MCCAIN‘ At your request, a formal review and evaluation process, in- are insufficient funds. But by this we are currently reviewing the Veterans cluding structured site surveys of facilities amendment I do not mean to be impos- Health Administration’s (VHA) process for with especially high and low operating costs. ing any penalties on any VA facility allocating the medical care appropriation to VHA had said that such a process would be anywhere in our Nation. But I think we its medical facilities across the nation—the useful to identify efficiencies that could be should appreciate the fact that we do Resource Planning and Management System applied at other facilities and to identify po- 1 have a mobile veterans population. In (RPM). Historically, VHA allocated re- tential quality problems caused by limited sources by making incremental changes to resources.3 VHA hoped to further explore the the summertime they may be visiting each facility’s prior year budget. After rec- impact of resources on quality by linking Minnesota, and in the wintertime they ognizing the need to better link resources to RPM cost data with quality indicators. Offi- may be in Arizona, or they may be in each facility’s actual workload, VHA in 1985 cials told us that without a better under- Missouri or even in the summertime in implemented the Resource Allocation Meth- standing of the reasons for the variations or the State of Maryland. odology (RAM). VHA officials indicated that a clear standard against which to measure We want to make sure that there are because the RAM allocations were generally the costs, they had little basis for deter- facilities available on an equitable based upon workload as defined by clinical mining which, if any, facilities were receiv- basis for all of our veterans. And I am diagnoses, facilities soon recognized that ing too few or too many resources. We have sure that this will not result in a de- their allocations would be increased as the had some difficulty finding out why VHA has number of procedures performed increased. not analyzed the variations as planned; the crease in funding for much-needed fa- This open-ended expansion of workload led main reasons seem to be the generally lower cilities, but a better allocation of to budgeting problems and concerns about priority attached to that effort and the un- scarce resources. inappropriate care being provided. certainty about who would conduct the anal- I would like to thank and I do believe RPM—first used to allocate fiscal year 1994 yses and how the analyses would be done. We that the VHA will come up with a fair facility budgets—was intended to improve hope to have more information about this and equitable formula for the distribu- upon past allocation systems. VHA’s stated matter in our detailed report. tion of the all-too-scarce funds. We all goals for RPM are to (1) improve VA’s re- Our initial assessment of RPM data shows source allocation methodology, (2) move know that as we face an aging veterans that facility costs vary widely, even after fa- from retrospective to prospective workload cilities of similar mission and size are population, the needs become greater management, and (3) reform medical care grouped and adjustments are made to ac- and greater. The medical challenges budgeting. Accordingly, RPM was designed count for differences such as case mix, local- that we face have changed also signifi- to be patient-based, forward-looking, and ity costs, salaries, training, and research. cantly over the years. And I think we policy-driven. It defines workload as pa- For example, adjusted costs per standardized can, by adoption of this amendment, tients served, rather than procedures per- workload measure in one facility group take a small step towards fulfilling our formed—hence, VHA’s characterization of ranged from $3,024 to $4,141 with the average obligation and commitments that we RPM as ‘‘capitation-based’’—and it uses pro- cost being $3,635; facilities ranged from about jections of future workload to determine made to the men and women who serve 17 percent below average to about 14 percent what resources are needed. A VHA strategic above average in cost. in our Nation’s defense. plan was also intended to be the driving Nonetheless, VHA officials appear to have I thank my friends, and I will take no force behind RPM, giving it a set of goals, used RPM to change facilities’ historical more time on the amendment. I yield performance standards, and workload prior- budgets only minimally during the two budg- the floor. ities. et cycles in which RPM has been used. For

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00078 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14301 example, we estimate that the maximum showed a difference in the extent to which by the Congress: they limited care first to higher in- loss to any facility’s historical budget in fis- facilities treated nonservice-connected high- come veterans, then to lower income veterans, and cal year 1995 was only about 1 percent and er income veterans:8 at some facilities 13 finally to veterans with a service-connected dis- percent of veterans treated fell into that cat- ability. that the average gain was also about 1 per- 8 ‘‘higher income’’ veteran is one whose income cent. egory, while other facilities provided no care was above the means test threshold, which as of While the optimal amount of resources to such veterans. January 1995 was $20,469 for a single veteran, $24,565 that should be shifted is unclear, the facili- We discussed the draft of this letter with for a veteran with one dependent, plus $1,368 for each ties most disadvantaged by not shifting more VA’s Deputy Undersecretary for Health and additional dependent. resources are those that (1) historically have other VA officials who generally agreed with its contents. These officials noted, however, received less funding for comparable work- VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS that resource allocation is an inherently load and (2) have a faster growing number of OF THE UNITED STATES, complex and difficult process, that VA’s im- patients. For example, because VHA lacked April 7, 1994. plementation of RPM is still evolving, and resources to fund all facilities’ expected JOHN T. FARRAR, M.D., that they expect to use the process to make needs, it chose to limit the resources given Acting Under Secretary for Health, Veterans to facilities with growing workloads. On the substantially increased budget adjustment for facilities in the next fiscal year. They in- Health Administration, Department of Vet- other hand, for facilities with decreasing erans Affairs, Washington, DC. workloads, VHA chose not to reduce their dicated that VHA faces many challenges that make implementation of the process DEAR DR. FARRAR: A member of my staff, funding in proportion to the expected de- difficult, including complex eligibility re- Robert F. O’Toole, Senior Field Representa- creases in workload. These decisions led to quirements, mandates to care for certain tive, conducted a survey of the Phoenix, Ari- only small adjustments in the funding for specialized populations of veterans, and the zona, Department of Veterans Affairs Med- the projected cost of increased workload, inability of facilities to change personnel ical Center, on March 14–15, 1994. During his while facilities with decreasing workloads levels quickly. They also cited several cur- time at the medical center, he was able to received more resources than they were pro- rent initiatives that they expect to help in talk with many patients, family members jected to need. For example, VHA forecasted the implementation of the resource alloca- and staff. This enabled him to gather infor- that the Carl T. Hayden Medical Center tion process, including the restructuring the mation concerning the quality of care being needed an additional $2.3 million for fiscal VA health system into Veterans Integrated provided and the most pressing problems fac- year 1995 based on expected increases in Service Networks, the implementation of ing the facility. workload. However, the center actually re- VA’s Decision Support System, and the link- While those receiving treatment in the ceived an additional $400,000 as a result of ing of planning, policy and performance workload adjustments arising from RPM.4 clinics and wards felt that the quality was measurement responsibilities within one or- good, they almost all commented on the long By contrast, the San Juan facility had the ganizational office. waits in the clinics and the understaffing greatest decline in workload within Carl T. We are sending copies of this correspond- Hayden’s facility group. Its declining work- ence to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and throughout the medical center. In discussing load led to a projected $3 million decrease in other interested parties. The information their problem with various staff members, it budget needs, yet the facility’s budget de- contained in it was developed by Frank was noted that nurses were under extreme creased only $500,000. Pasquier, Assistant Director; Linda Bade; stress. More than one was observed by Mr. Katherine Iritani; Douglas Sanner; and Evan O’Toole in tears when completing their tour. USE OF RPM TO REDUCE INCONSISTENCIES IN The nursing staff on evening shifts must AVAILABILITY OF CARE Stoll. Please contact me at (202) 512–7101 or Mr. Pasquier at (206) 287–4861 if you or your rush continually through their duties in an We reported in 1993 5 that veterans’ access staff have any questions. attempt to cover all their patients needs due to outpatient care at VHA facilities varied Sincerely yours, to the shortage in staffing in both support widely—veterans within the same priority CARLOTTA C. JOYNER, and technical personnel. categories received outpatient care at some Associate Director, Health Care In attempting to determine the reason for facilities but not at others.6 Using a ques- Delivery and Quality Issues. this problem, it became apparent that the tionnaire to medical centers, we found then 1 For fiscal year 1996, the Department of Veterans station was grossly underfunded. Which that of 158 centers queried, 118 reported they Affairs (VA) is seeking an appropriation of about $17 means that the staff must either take un- rationed outpatient care for nonservice-con- billion to maintain and operate 173 hospitals, 376 wanted shortcuts or continue to work be- nected conditions in fiscal year 1991 and 40 outpatient clinics, 136 nursing homes, and 39 domi- yond the point expected of staffs at the other reported no rationing. This rationing gen- ciliaries. 2 medical centers. While it is well understood erally occurred in fiscal year 1991 because re- You also raised a specific concern about funding at the Carl T. Hayden Medical Center in Phoenix, that the Veterans Health Administration is sources did not always match veterans’ de- which we have explored as part of our work. underfunded throughout the system, it is mands for care. Medical centers rationed 3 The closest VHA has come to conducting such a clear from the comparisons that this facility care by limiting the categories of veterans review was through one of the six Technical Advi- has not received a fair distribution of the served,7 the medical services offered, and the sory Groups (TAGs) it formed for its RPM patient available resources resulting in the deplor- conditions for which they could receive care. categories, such as primary care or chronic mental able situation now facing the health care When we reported on these differences in illness. The Chronic Mental Illness TAG has done team. 1993, VA officials responded that RPM— some limited data analysis (that is, length of stay, discharge cost, and costs/day differences) to develop under development at the time—would help Another problem in Phoenix that must be further explanatory data on facility cost variations addressed is the serious space deficiency, es- overcome these differences. Specifically, of- in the care of chronic mental illness patients. The ficials indicated that to address wide vari- directive establishing the TAGs’ purpose, role, oper- pecially in the clinical areas. The ambula- ations in veterans’ access to health care sys- ation, and management within RPM, including their tory care area was designed to handle 60,000 temwide, VA was designing a new resource role in studying cost, practice, and quality vari- annual visits. In fiscal year 1993, the station planning and management process with sev- ations among facilities, had not been formalized at provided 218,000 annual visits, almost four the time of our review. eral objectives, including the elimination of times the design level. Many physicians are 4 Carl T. Hayden and other medical centers also re- required to conduct exams and provide treat- gaps in service for veterans systemwide. In ceived funds outside the RPM process. Carl T. Hay- February 1994 correspondence to the Con- den received approximately $124 million in fiscal ment from temporary cubicles set up inside gress, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs reit- year 1995, of which about $90 million came through the waiting rooms. This bandaid approach erated that RPM would begin to alleviate the RPM allocation process. In fiscal year 1994, it re- has added to the already overcrowding. some of the inconsistencies in veterans’ ac- ceived approximately $117 million, of which $78 mil- The other problem that we feel should be cess to care noted in our report. lion came through RPM. The percentage of Carl T. pointed out is that of the staffing ceiling as- Hayden’s budget received outside the process was In our current review, however, we are comparable to (within about 3 percent of) the na- signed to the Carl T. Hayden Veterans Med- finding that overcoming these kinds of in- tional average. ical Center. Currently, the medical center consistencies in availability of care has not 5 VA Health Care: Variabilities in Outpatient Care has FTEE of 1530 which is over the target been incorporated as a specific goal of RPM. Eligibility and Rationing Decisions (GAO/HRD–93– staffing level. Based on available reports, the Perhaps because reducing inconsistency 106, July 16, 1993). medical center would need an additional 61 has not been established as an RPM goal, the 6 As we reported in VA Health Care: Issues Affect- registered nurses just to reach the average system does not use data on the eligibility ing Eligibility Reform (GAO/T–HEHS–95–213, July 19, Resource Program Management (RPM) with- 1995), VA uses a complex priority system—based on category of veterans served at a facility. such factors as the presence and extent of any serv- in their group. This facility operates with RPM predicts costs and workload without re- ice-connected disability, the incomes of veterans the lowest employee level in their group gard to facility differences in the provision with nonservice-connected disabilities, and the type when comparing facility work loads, and of discretionary care, that is, without regard and purpose of care needed—to determine which eli- 158th overall. To reach the average produc- to the priority category of the veterans gible veterans receive care within available re- tivity level of the Veterans Health Adminis- being served. sources. (An eligible veteran is any person who tration medical centers, they would need an Although the lack of relevant data pre- served on active duty in the uniformed services for additional 348 full-time employees. While it the minimum amount of time specified by law and vents us from confirming whether the kind who was discharged, released, or retired under other is realized that this station will never be per- of rationing reported in our 1993 report per- than dishonorable conditions.) mitted to enjoy that level of staffing, it is sists, we see indications that inconsistencies 7 When medical centers rationed care by veteran felt that they, at the least, should have been still exist. For example, fiscal year 1995 data category, they generally followed the priorities set given some consideration for their staffing

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 problems during the latest White House or- nent facility at Los Alamos. The pro- entific and technological area. We are dered employee reductions. posal to embark on this important confident NSF will continue to view To assist the medial center to meet their basic research was a vision of Dr. Jack this facility as one of its ‘‘crown jew- mandatory work load, and the great influx of els,’’ and support it appropriately. I winter residents, it is recommended that the Crow, the lab’s director. The NSF $11.4 million which was reported to the Ari- agreed with this vision and made the thank the Senators for their views. zona congressional delegation to have been crucial decision and investment. It was PERMITS PROGRAM given Phoenix in addition to their FY 94 a very wise decision, and I commend Mr. NICKLES. Title V of the 1990 budget be provided. To enable the station to them for it. Amendments to the Clean Air Act re- handle the ever increasing ambulatory work Mr. BOND. The subcommittee has quires EPA to issue a rule establishing load, the Veterans Health Administration heard of many of the NHMFL’s accom- the minimum elements of a permit pro- must approve the pending request for leased plishments in its short 3-year history. gram for sources regulated under the clinic space in northwest Phoenix and, the New magnet development, at the cut- act. The act requires that this permit implementation plan for the use of the Wil- rule be issued within 1 year of enact- liams Air Force Base hospital as a satellite ting edge of technology, has created outpatient clinic, along with the necessary the finest array of the world’s most ment. The 1990 amendments further re- funding to adequately operate the facility. In powerful magnets. It has allowed the quired States within 3 years to develop addition, VHA should approve and fund, at a United States to reclaim world leader- and submit to EPA for approval their minimum, the expansion of the medical cen- ship in magnet science and technology. own programs that comply with the ters clinical space onto the Indian School Mr. GRAHAM. This laboratory is Federal minimum elements as defined land which was acquired for that purpose. truly a partnership between Florida by the EPA permit rule. Even under Approval of the above recommendations State University, the University of the ambitious schedule of the 1990 would make it much easier for this medical amendments, Congress clearly provided center to meet the needs of the ever increas- Florida and the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. It is clearly that States were to have 2 full years to ing veteran population in the Phoenix area. respond to EPA’s rule establishing the There is no indication that the increasing a Federal/state/industrial partnership population trends will change prior to the that works well and produces tremen- minimum elements of a permit pro- year 2020. This hospital cannot be allowed to dous breakthoughs. Furthermore, in- gram. continue the downhill slide. The veterans of dustrial involvement and support is Although EPA promulgated a final Arizona deserve a fair deal and the medical paving the way for future progress. rule in 1992, the controversy that sur- staff should be given the opportunity to pro- Ms. MIKULSKI. Senator GRAHAM, the rounded this rule prompted the agency vide top quality health care in a much less NSF’s interest in partnerships and to revisit many key issues in the rule- stressful setting. their decision to locate the facility in making. Today, 3 years later, I am I would appreciate receiving your com- sorry to report that EPA has still been ments on the Phoenix VA Medical Center at Florida were key ingredients for its success. This partnership between two unable to resolve fundamental ele- your earliest opportunity. ments of the Federal program which Sincerely, universities, a fine national laboratory, States must comply with in estab- FREDERICO JUARBE Jr., the State of Florida, and several indus- lishing their own programs. As re- Director, National Veterans Service. tries has led to outstanding science and cently as this summer, EPA has issued Mr. MCCAIN. I want to thank again new technologies as well. And I’m told a new proposal, despite having not re- the distinguished chairman and the the lab has a world-class collection of lieved states of the requirement to ranking member. scientists and engineers that will con- comply with the 1992 rule. I yield the floor. tinue to lead the world for years to The result, predictably, has been an Mr. BOND. Mr. President, again, I come. untenable level of confusion and uncer- commend the Senator from Arizona. I Mr. DOMENICI, Mr. Chairman, let tainty. States are spending consider- believe we are ready to proceed to the me underscore the importance of this able resources in developing programs amendment. partnership which includes Los Alamos that may or may not comply with The PRESIDING OFFICER. The National Laboratory working closely EPA’s final permit program. Similarly, question is on agreeing to the amend- with Florida State University and the sources across the country are now ment. University of Florida. At last year’s submitting permit applications, de- So the amendment (No. 2787) was dedication in Tallahassee, Erich Bloch spite the lack of clear Federal guid- agreed to. said, ‘‘Absent any one of the three ance. Mr. BOND. I move to reconsider the partners, this important project would Mr. BOND. My colleague from Okla- vote. not have come to fruition.’’ That is homa is correct in expressing mis- Ms. MIKULSKI. I move to lay that still true today. In these tight budget givings over EPA’s current implemen- motion on the table. times, Los Alamos has committed pre- tation of the permit program. As the The motion to lay on the table was cious resources to this endeavor be- result of similar concerns, the Senate agreed to. cause it is important to do so. And my Appropriations Committee included Mr. BOND. Mr. President, now I ask friend Gov. Lawton Chiles of Florida language in the report accompanying unanimous consent that added to the has invested heavily and wisely with this bill urging EPA to delay enforce- list of relevant amendments be an scarce State resources. I want to en- ment of the title V program for 1 year. amendment by Senator BAUCUS enti- courage the subcommittee to provide This would give EPA the opportunity tled ‘‘Relevant.’’ NSF the resources necessary to keep to resolve outstanding issues and re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without this laboratory world-class. duce the likelihood that States and objection, it is so ordered. Mr. BINGAMAN. The research, the sources will adopt provisions that may NATIONAL HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD LABORATORY development, and the educational ac- ultimately conflict with EPA’s final Mr. MACK. I would like to engage tivities that come from this partner- rule. The one-year delay would also the chairman and ranking member of ship between NSF and DOE, between give EPA and states sufficient time to the VA/HUD Appropriations Sub- universities and a national laboratory, develop more cost-effective approaches committee in a colloquy relative to the and the facility that is state-of-the-art to permitting. Given the severity of National High Magnetic Field Labora- is truly a unique national resource the problems which have beset EPA’s tory in Tallahassee. Senators GRAHAM, that should make all who are involved implementation of this program, I be- DOMENICI, and BINGAMAN will also join proud of it. I commend the NSF for its lieve this provision is critical. with me in this. Let me begin by com- efforts, and I commend this sub- Mr. FAIRCLOTH. I would also like to mending the chairman for putting committee for its diligence in pro- thank the Senator from Oklahoma for forth a bill that balances the needs for viding the resources that will maintain raising this issue, which has been of fiscal restraint with necessary invest- world leadership. significant concern to the sub- ment. An excellent example of nec- Mr. BOND. I appreciate the com- committee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Pri- essary and productive investment is ments. The subcommittee recognizes vate Property and Nuclear Safety, the National Science Foundation’s de- the importance of this partnership and which I chair. Over the course of this cision 5 years ago to establish the prin- the need to keep the United States at past year, our subcommittee has been cipal facility in Florida and a compo- the forefront of this important sci- closely

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14303 monitoring EPA’s implementation of Subcommittee, the gentleman from a matter regarding the Environmental the title V permit program. We con- Missouri, to engage in a colloquy with Technology Initiative [ETI] and the ducted a hearing on title V on August me on an issue of importance to my proposed reductions to its budget. The 1, 1995. In addition we have raised sev- constituents in Arkansas. underlying bill will reduce funding for eral questions with the agency over its Mr. BOND. I would be pleased to dis- ETI by approximately $100 million. I do progress to date. Almost 4 years have cuss an issue with the Senator from not take issue with the committee’s passed since the deadline for promul- Arkansas, a member of the full Appro- actions to reduce this particular budg- gating a Federal permit rule, yet EPA priations Committee. et. I have every confidence that the re- has still not finalized the part 70 pro- Mr. BUMPERS. I want to com- maining funds appropriated by the gram. Additionally, EPA has been slow pliment the Senator from Missouri for committee will be sufficient to fulfill to issue long-needed permitting guid- addressing the issue of the Environ- the mission of this EPA initiative. My ance, such as the ‘‘white paper’’ guid- mental Protection Agency’s refinery concern lies chiefly in a clarification of ance on permit applications, and does MACT rule in the Appropriations Com- the objectives ETI should be pursuing not appear to be promoting the rapid mittee’s report on H.R. 2099. In my with the resources that are being ap- implementation of such guidance. The opinion, if ever a set of regulations propriated in this legislation. lack of resolution of key elements of needed to be reformed, it is the refin- On page 88 of the committee report, the permit program puts States in an ery MACT rule. we state that the remaining funds—ap- enormous quandary in developing and Mr. BOND. The Senator from Arkan- proximately $20 million—are to be di- seeking approval of their own pro- sas is correct. In its report on the bill rected toward technology verification grams. We are also concerned over the under consideration today, the Appro- activities and other continued efforts impact of this confusion on regulated priations Committee expressed its dis- that do not duplicate private sector ‘‘sources’’—that is to say, the employ- satisfaction with the procedures EPA initiatives. Is it your understanding ers of this nation—which are required has employed in promulgating all Mr. Chairman that the funds allocated by law to submit permit applications MACT regulations, particularly the re- by the committee to ETI are sufficient within 12 months of the date that finery MACT rule. The committee di- for, and ought to be used to complete States receive approval for their pro- rected EPA to reevaluate the refinery EPA’s multiprogram efforts to stream- grams. The application process alone MACT rule after applying principles of line the approval process for new ana- sound science. has proven to be unnecessarily costly lytical methods including the move to- Mr. BUMPERS. I, and many of my and time consuming for sources—prob- ward performance-based standards? colleagues in the Senate, commend the lems that are clearly linked to EPA’s Mr. BOND. That is correct. The com- chairman for including that directive inability to develop Federal minimum mittee would agree that allocating in the committee report. elements in a timely manner. In addition, I would like to specifi- funds for completing efforts to encour- It is important to keep in mind that cally address an issue which is of par- age new performance-based analytical the title V program is extremely cost- ticular importance to both the Senator methods and other streamlining meth- ly; even EPA has estimated that the from Missouri and myself. That issue is ods is entirely consistent with the stat- program will cost taxpayers and busi- the impact of the refinery MACT rule ed purpose of targeting ETI funding for nesses more than $2.5 billion in the on smaller refiners around the Nation. verification efforts. Mr. BENNETT. I think the chairman first 5 years of the program. With this The Senator from Missouri serves as much money at stake, confusion is un- the chairman of the Small Business for his clarification. I am sure that we acceptable. A 1-year delay could save Committee, and I am proud to serve as both agree on the importance of ana- significant resources and prevent many the senior Democrat on that com- lytical methods to ensure compliance programmatic missteps. mittee. with environmental laws. Without Mr. NICKLES. I would like to thank In its refinery MACT rule, EPA made them, it would be impossible to deter- my colleague from Missouri for includ- no provision for lessening the impact of mine whether industry was meeting ing language in the Senate Committee its rule on small businesses. In many the effluent standards established by Appropriations report on this impor- cases, these smaller refineries are lo- law and through the permit process. tant issue. My involvement with this cated in attainment areas—areas in Efficient analytical methods are also difficult issue dates back to the debate which the need for expensive emissions used to characterize hazardous waste held in this body over the 1990 amend- control devices are questionable at and ensure that our drinking water is ments when many of us expressed con- best. In fact, EPA estimated that seven free of harmful concentrations of con- cern over the complexity of the title of these refineries would be forced to taminants. Unfortunately, while meth- and its potential for imposing unneces- close under the refinery MACT rule. ods to ensure compliance continue to sary costs on sources and States. Given EPA’s disregard for the impact of the improve and are more accurate, the the severity of the problems which refinery MACT rule on the small busi- current EPA process for approving the have beset this program, I hope the nesses of this Nation is disturbing to use of new methods keeps getting slow- conferees to this bill will reflect on this Senator, as I am sure it is to the er and more bogged down. this debate and include statutory lan- Senator from Missouri. I understand that EPA recognizes guage requesting a 1-year delay in Mr. BOND. I share the Senator from this problem, and several program of- order to protect the vital interests of Arkansas’ concerns about the impact fices have been working to reduce the States and sources who are in the un- of the refinery MACT rule on small backlog of analytical method approval fortunate position of having to comply business. This is one of the reasons the requests and to reduce the time it with a regulatory moving target. committee has directed the EPA to re- takes to review and approve these I also want to thank my colleague examine the refinery MACT rule. Plac- methods. Once a streamlined process is from North Carolina for his close scru- ing a disproportionate burden on the in place, these moneys will be needed tiny of this issue and his willingness to Nation’s small businesses is not sound for a limited time to educate States hold oversight hearings on the agency’s regulatory policy. It is my hope that and supervise implementation. EPA implementation of the permit program. EPA will address this issue, as well as has laid the foundation and the funds Mr. BOND. Thank you for raising the many other problems inherent in appropriated by the committee will be these important issues. Considering the its current refinery MACT rule, when needed to put these procedures into potential for well-meaning States to be it reassesses the rule as a whole. practice. punished unfairly, I am sure my col- Mr. BUMPERS. I thank the Senator. Overall, this effort will decrease the leagues will consider your comments I look forward to working with him on time and resources that are needed to and those of the Senator from North this issue as this bill moves to con- approve analytical methods, resulting Carolina most carefully. ference and as EPA carries out the in more and better methods. From the REFINERY MACT committee’s directive. Agency perspective, this effort will Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I rise ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE provide a way to increase the number today to ask the distinguished chair- Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I wish of methods that can be used to meet man of the VA–HUD Appropriations to bring to Chairman BOND’s attention statutory requirements. In addition,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 EPA’s efforts to streamline the ap- Mr. JEFFORDS. Of course, improv- focus on just one of the numerous rea- proval process for new analytical meth- ing energy efficiency may be one way sons I will oppose this legislation—the ods will spur new technologies and cre- to prevent pollution, and Congress has lack of any funding for the Travis VA ate new jobs. The money allocated to authorized EPA to pursue pollution Hospital in northern California. this process will significantly lower the prevention activities in the Clean Air Let me briefly describe the current cost of environmental measurements, Act and the Pollution Prevention Act situation for northern California vet- thereby reducing the cost of environ- of 1990. Do you intend that any activity erans seeking inpatient health serv- mental compliance for industry and in the EPA that related to energy effi- ices. A veteran in this service area municipalities. I thank the chairman ciency would, by that very fact, be must drive an average of 4 to 5 hours, for his time and support in this matter. transferred to the Department of En- sometimes as many as 8 hours, to get Mr. BOND. I thank the Senator and ergy? to a VA acute care facility. The vet- agree that EPA’s efforts to streamline Mr. JOHNSTON. No; the report lan- eran’s family, because they are so far its approval processes and move toward guage that I proposed is very clear. If from home, generally must stay in a performance-based standards for ana- EPA lacks statutory authority for a hotel for the duration of the veteran’s lytical methods are a vital part of envi- particular activity that the Depart- hospital stay. Once the veteran is re- ronmental compliance. Clearly, the ment of Energy or some other agency leased from the hospital, he and his completion of EPA’s ongoing efforts in possesses, then EPA should not under- family must drive back and forth from this regard is within the scope of fund- take that activity. The report language home to the VA facility again for ing provided in this bill for ETI. that I proposed would not preclude check-ups. This story could be repeated Mr. BENNETT. I thank the chair- EPA from exercising its legitimate as many as 450,000 times. That’s right, man. statutory authorities. For example, nearly half a million veterans who used EPA ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIVITIES EPA is working with the gas industry to have complete access to inpatient Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. President, may in a program called Natural Gas Star health services are now without ade- I engage in a colloquy with the chair- to reduce losses of methane to the at- quate care. man of the appropriations sub- mosphere from gas pipelines and other I am appalled that the members of committee and the distinguished Sen- transmission equipment, under the the Senate Appropriations Committee ator from Louisiana regarding pro- aegis of the Pollution Prevention Act. turned their backs on nearly a half a grams at the Environmental Protec- My report language would not transfer million veterans by not continuing to tion Agency that result in improved this program to DOE. fund the replacement VA Hospital at energy efficiency in the economy? Mr. JEFFORDS. Would the Senator Travis Air Force Base. This facility is Mr. JOHNSTON. I proposed some re- be open to requesting a report from the desperately needed to replace the VA port language on this topic that was EPA and from the Department of En- Medical Center in Martinez, CA which accepted by the full Committee on Ap- ergy to the Congress addressing how was closed in 1991 because of earth- propriations at its markup and would their programs that promote improved quake damage. be happy to discuss it. energy efficiency or that result in an While awaiting the replacement fa- Mr. JEFFORDS. The report language energy supply that has less of a possi- cility at Travis, the Veteran’s Admin- states that: bility of contributing to global climate istration has been forced to piece to- The Committee notes that these programs change relate to one another and to the gether a patchwork healthcare system. overlap and conflict with statutory author- existing statutory authorities in the They have had to borrow bed space at ity provided to the Department of Energy in Travis AFB’s David Grant Hospital, the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Therefore, Energy Policy Act of 1992 and else- EPA should transfer to DOE those energy ef- where? and have transferred patients to facili- ficiency and energy supply programs that Mr. JOHNSTON. Yes; I think that ties hundreds of miles away. I com- DOE, not EPA, is authorized to carry out. such a report would assist the Com- mend the VA for doing an admirable Future appropriations for these programs mittee on Energy and Natural Re- job in such a bad situation. Unfortu- should be requested as part of the DOE budg- sources in exercising its jurisdiction, nately, since the closure of the Mar- et submission. under the rules of the Senate, over en- tinez hospital, only 27 percent of that What is intended by this language? ergy conservation and energy supply facility’s inpatient services have been Mr. JOHNSTON. The intention is issues. As you know, the Committee on continued. very clear and specific. In the Presi- Energy and Natural Resources must re- As bad as the situation has been, our dent’s budget submission to Congress, authorize the Energy Policy and Con- veterans have been exceedingly pa- funds were requested for EPA for a se- servation Act in this Congress, and if a tient. At the ground-breaking cere- ries of 21 activities, many of which majority of members of the committee mony on June 2, 1994, attended by Vice clearly overlapped and duplicated spe- were to believe that the EPA had a val- President GORE, we all were optimistic cific statutory authority provided to uable role to exercise in this area that that northern California’s veterans the Secretary of Energy and others by is not duplicative of what DOE or some would not have much longer to wait for the Congress through the Energy Pol- other Federal agency is contributing or quality healthcare. More than a year icy Act of 1992 and the Energy Policy could contribute, such a role might be later, the plans are nearly complete and Conservation Act. The Committee legitimately created in that context. and the land is ready to begin con- on Energy and Natural Resources, of Mr. BOND. This has been a helpful struction of the replacement hospital which I am the ranking member, has and clarifying discussion. I support the early next year. But instead, that land jurisdiction under the Senate’s rules suggestion of requiring a joint report will stay empty, and nearly a half a for all aspects of energy policy, energy to the appropriate congressional com- million veterans will continue to be regulation, and conservation, energy mittees from the EPA and the Depart- unserved. research and development, and oil and ment of Energy on their activities re- The Travis VA Hospital is not a lux- gas production and distribution. Yet lated to improving the energy effi- ury to these veterans. They must drive the committee has never been ap- ciency of energy supply and use, in- between 4 and 8 hours to get inpatient proached by the administration with a cluding a discussion of the statutory healthcare. Should someone who served request to authorize any activities for authorities under which they are con- this country in war be required to drive EPA in this area. The committee, rath- ducted. I will ask that report language from Washington, DC to New York City er, has made some fairly clear assign- to this effect be inserted in the con- for healthcare? Now imagine that drive ments of responsibility to agencies ference report on this bill. in order to obtain emergency medical other than EPA for topics such as prod- Mr. JOHNSTON. I thank the Senator. care. That is correct. Veterans in uct labeling for energy efficiency. I do Mr. JEFFORDS. I thank the Senator. northern California have no access to not believe that it is acceptable for the TRAVIS VA HOSPITAL VA emergency services on evenings, administration to request funds in a Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I rise today in weekends, or holidays. Currently, these manner that contravenes the clear in- strong opposition to the VA, HUD and veterans are forced to go to local tent of Congress with respect to statu- independent agencies appropriations health care facilities at either their tory assignments of responsibility. bill for fiscal year 1996. I would like to own cost or at additional cost to the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00082 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14305 taxpayers. This situation is simply un- Nonetheless, the community is deter- ify is the Appropriation Committee’s acceptable, it is unnecessarily costly mined to be part of the solution. Wa- intent on the transfer of the National and is disrespectful of our veterans. tertown Mayor Brenda Barger and Aeronautics and Space Administration Please consider that this northern other local leaders have already (NASA) Yellow Creek facility to the California area which would be serv- pledged $3 million toward this project State of Mississippi. iced by Travis VA Hospital is one of and will be exploring revenue bonds As the Senator knows, the Federal the largest, most geographically dis- and other long-term debt financing Government has a long history of in- persed, and highly populated veterans mechanisms to secure additional reve- volvement in Yellow Creek, located areas in the country. More veterans nues. near Iuka, Mississippi. The site, origi- live in northern California than in 27 While the community’s determina- nally purchased by the Tennessee Val- individual States and the District of tion to participate in the solution of ley Authority for use as a nuclear en- Columbia. Would any Senator from their wastewater treatment dilemma is ergy plant, was subsequently trans- those States allow the needs of every commendable, the responsibility ferred to NASA after the nuclear en- veteran in their State be ignored? should not be theirs alone. The com- ergy plant’s cancellation. NASA in- It is a sad day when the men and mitment that the federal government tended to use Yellow Creek to build the women who have served our country made to this community should not be Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM) without question—and who have the ignored. and, after its cancellation, instead right to expect their government to It bears emphasis that Watertown’s committed to use the site to build noz- fulfill its promises—are now being told decision to install its I/P system was zles for the Redesigned Solid Rocket ‘‘tough luck.’’ It is simply unconscion- based on assurances from EPA that the Motor (RSRM). On May 2, 1995, due to able. technology would work. Fifteen years its current budgetary constraints, I appeal to my colleagues to honor ago, EPA provided what amounted to a the commitment we as a Nation have NASA terminated the RSRM nozzle guarantee of the technology. production effort at Yellow Creek. made to our veterans, and join me in Local and Federal officials shared in Would the Senator agree that the bill voting against this bill that so fun- the genesis of this problem and, there- language included by the Appropria- damentally fails to address the needs of fore, it deserves a joint local/federal so- tions Committee on the transfer of the so many veterans. I also hope that the lution. Last May, I wrote the Senate NASA Yellow Creek facility reflects President will veto this legislation Appropriations Committee to request the most recent commitment made by which so flagrantly ignores the needs federal funding to help upgrade the Wa- NASA Administrator Dan Goldin to of America’s veterans. tertown wastewater treatment plant. the Governor of the State of Mis- WATERTOWN, SD While the federal government could sissippi. The major investment by the Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, Senate be held accountable for full funding of State of Mississippi in facilities and in- consideration of the fiscal year 1996 this project, it is worth noting that frastructure to support Yellow Creek, VA, HUD, and independent agencies ap- Watertown recognizes its responsibility in excess of $100 million, is a key factor propriations bill provides an appro- in this matter and has worked hard to in NASA’s agreement to turn the site priate opportunity to raise an issue in- secure significant local funding over to the State of Mississippi. volving the Environmental Protection sources. Agency [EPA] and Watertown, SD, that It is a reasonable request that this Mr. BOND. I agree with the Senator’s merits our attention. appropriations bill include funding for assertion. Fifteen years ago, acting upon the the City of Watertown. The Federal Mr. COCHRAN. Would the Senator recommendation of the EPA, Water- government was part of the fateful de- further stipulate that the main ele- town installed a infiltration/percola- cision to go the I/P route. Moreover, in ments of the agreement reached be- tion [I/P] pond for the treatment of its past years this bill has included fund- tween NASA and the State of Mis- wastewater. At the time, local officials ing for communities that installed I/P sissippi, which the conferees would ex- were assured by the EPA that the com- systems at the recommendation of the pect to be adhered to by both parties, munity would be compensated for any EPA. Complicity and precedent argued are as follows: future modification or repair of the for Federal participation in the search First, the Yellow Creek facility will system that might be needed for it to for a solution. Absent such assistance, be turned over to the appropriate agen- remain operational. That EPA pledge Watertown will be unable to solve its cy of the State of Mississippi within 30 was a significant factor in the City’s wastewater treatment facility prob- days of enactment of this legislation. decision to install the I/P technology. Unfortunately, the I/P system has lems. All of the NASA property on Yellow Mr. President, the final version of not functioned as advertised. Since Creek which the State of Mississippi the fiscal year 1996 VA, HUD, and inde- 1982, Watertown has invested more requires to facilitate the transfer of than $8 million in its wastewater treat- pendent agencies appropriations bill the site transfers with the site to the ment facility in an effort to make it should include a substantial level of State, subject to the following excep- work properly. federal funding for the replacement of tions anticipated by the conferees: Despite these modifications, all of Watertown, South Dakota’s waste- Any property assigned to a NASA facility which were endorsed by the EPA, the water treatment facility. I will con- other than Yellow Creek prior to May 2, 1995, system has never functioned to EPA’s tinue to work with the managers of but located at Yellow Creek will be returned satisfaction. As a result, Watertown this bill to seek a fair resolution to to its assigned facility; has failed to meet EPA regulations this issue and hope that before this Only those contracts for the sale of NASA since 1988, and community officials process is completed, a solution can be property at Yellow Creek signed by both par- continue to work with the EPA and the worked out. ties prior to May 2, 1995 shall be executed; Justice Department to bring their YELLOW CREEK Those items deemed to be in the ‘‘national wastewater treatment plant into com- Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I rise security interest’’ of the federal government for the purpose of engaging in a short shall be retained by NASA. The national se- pliance with the Clean Water Act and curity clause shall be narrowly construed other regulations. colloquy with the distinguished Sen- and shall apply only in a limited manner, Watertown will need to make major ator from Missouri, the chairman of consistent with established criteria relating capital investments to reach this end. I the VA, HUD, and Independent Agen- to national security interests. This clause am informed that $15 million will be cies Appropriations Subcommittee. shall not be used to circumvent the intent of required for treatment plant improve- Will the Senator assist me in clari- this legislation, which is to transfer the site ments and an additional $10 million for fying an issue in the bill under consid- and all of its property, except as otherwise sewer collection improvements. eration today? noted, to the State of Mississippi. While Watertown is one of the largest Mr. BOND. I would be pleased to as- Other items of interest to NASA may be cities in my state, it has a population sist my colleague, the senior Senator retained by NASA with the consent of the of less than 20,000. The scope of this from Mississippi. State of Mississippi. problem greatly exceeds the avail- Mr. COCHRAN. I thank the Senator Further, it is the expectation of the ability of local resources to resolve it. from Missouri. The issue I wish to clar- Appropriations Committee conferees

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 that all other NASA personal property center is one of NASA’s nine Distrib- atives stated on the House floor July will transfer to the State of Mis- uted Active Archive Centers [DAACs] 27th, ‘‘* * * there is nothing in the sissippi. The Appropriations Com- supporting the Earth Observing Sys- [House NASA] appropriations bill that mittee also expects facilities on the tem Data and Information System. prejudices competitive success by site not subject to the above provi- CIESIN is the only one that provides CIESIN for NASA funding in future re- sions, such as the environmental lab, integrated socioeconomic data access quests or for bids of proposal.’’ I will to be left as is. for the study of the effect society has pursue such an interpretation in Com- Second, any environmental remedi- upon the environment. Because of this mittee and oppose any measures to pre- ation of Yellow Creek necessary as a unique capability, I understand CIESIN clude CIESIN from competitively bid- result of the activities of governmental fielded more requests for data last year ding for federal contracts. agencies, such as NASA, or quasi-gov- than all of the other eight DAACs com- Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I wish ernmental agencies, such as the Ten- bined. I also understand NASA officials to thank the chairman of the Sub- nessee Valley Authority, will be the re- have stated the product provided by committee for that explanation and for sponsibility of the federal agency or CIESIN is vital to the Earth Observing the kind assistance he has provided me quasi-federal agency, including any System program. In light of these con- and my staff in resolving this issue. successors and interests. siderations, I would ask my distin- Mr. President, I yield the floor. Third, within 30 days of enactment of guished colleague from Missouri why Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise this legislation $10 million will be the Committee recommends deleting in support of H.R. 2099, the Depart- transferred from NASA to the appro- the CIESIN budget request from the ments of Veterans Affairs and Housing priate agency of the State of Mis- 1996 appropriations? and Urban Development and inde- sissippi. Mr. BOND. I understand my col- pendent agencies appropriations bill And lastly, the site’s environmental league’s concerns regarding the Mis- for 1996. permits will become the property of sion to Planet Earth program, but I This bill provides new budget author- the State of Mississippi. NASA will wish to assure him the deletion rec- ity of $81 billion and new outlays of provide all necessary assistance in ommendation is not targeted against $46.3 billion to finance the programs of transferring these permits to the State CIESIN as an institution, but instead the Departments of Veterans Affairs of Mississippi. towards ensuring the function of and Housing and Urban Development, the Environmental Protection Agency, Mr. BOND. I would agree with the CIESIN is integrated within NASA’s NASA, and other independent agencies. Senator’s stipulations. Earth Observing System program to I congratulate the Chairman and Mr. COCHRAN. I thank the chair- bring it in line with the structure of man. I appreciate his willingness to ad- Ranking Member for producing a bill the other DAACs. That is why the full that is within the Subcommittee’s dress the Yellow Creek transfer in the Appropriations Committee changed the committee report. 602(b) allocation. When outlays from Subcommittee recommendation on in- prior-year BA and other adjustments DRUG ELIMINATION GRANTS tegrating this program into the EOS Mr. LAUTENBERG. I would like to are taken into account, the bill totals plan from 1997 to 1996; with that provi- $80.8 billion in BA and $92.5 billion in engage Senator BOND in a colloquy. It sion, the socioeconomic data function outlays. The total bill is under the is my understanding that H.R. 2099 con- can continue uninterrupted if so de- tains funding for the Department of Senate subcommittee’s 602(b) non- sired by NASA. defense allocation for budget authority Housing and Urban Development’s drug Mr. ABRAHAM. I thank the Senator by $36 million and under its allocation elimination program. I would like to for that clarification, and wish to fol- for outlays by $18 million. The sub- know if it is the Senator’s under- low-up regarding how that data will be committee is also under its defense al- standing that this funding will be provided. Given NASA itself made the location by $18 million in BA and $20 available to privately owned, assisted recommendation for CIESIN funding, I million in outlays. housing? believe it is apparent this is a valid Although the bill is under the alloca- Mr. BOND. Yes, this funding will be program given the Committee’s rec- tion for 1996, I would like to point out available to public housing and pri- ommendation to continue significant the budgetary effect that two of its vately owned, federally assisted hous- funding for the Mission to Planet provisions would have in 1997. The bill ing. Earth program. If NASA wished to includes a demonstration program to Mr. LAUTENBERG. I thank the Sen- bring in an outside contractor to pro- start reducing the rental assistance ator for clarifying this. Drug elimi- vide this socioeconomic data service, subsidies to multifamily projects that nation grants have been enormously would the Committee report language are insured by FHA at above-market helpful in my state in the battle prevent CIESIN from bidding upon, and value, as well as a preservation grant against drugs and drug-related crimes potentially winning such a contract? program with a minimal paperwork at public and assisted housing projects. Mr. BOND. Absolutely not. Nothing process. This program is a critically important in the Committee report would prevent Both provisions, however, would not tool for us to maintain this country’s NASA from participating in any funded take effect until October 1, 1996—the multi-year investment in decent, af- activities with CIESIN, whether within beginning of fiscal year 1997. Because fordable housing. I would like to thank the Mission to Planet Earth program, this provision would increase costs in Senator BOND for his leadership in sup- or some other federal program. the mandatory FHA program by $280 porting this successful and worthwhile Mr. ABRAHAM. If the Senator would million in 1997, the discretionary cap program. be so kind, I would just like to wrap up for that year would be reduced by that THE CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL EARTH with one more question. Given the amount. SCIENCE INFORMATION NETWORKS House Report on H.R. 2099 also deletes In addition, because reducing the pa- Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I $6 million for CIESIN, would the Sen- perwork for the preservation grant pro- would like to engage the distinguished ator from Missouri speculate as to gram in 1997 is designed to increase the chairman of the Senate Appropriations whether similar language in a Con- outflow of funds, 1997 outlays will be Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, ference report would also allow for $400 million greater than they would be Housing and Urban Development, and CIESIN to receive a NASA contract for from that appropriation under the way Independent Agencies in a brief discus- these services? the program currently works. This has sion regarding the impact of H.R. 2099 Mr. BOND. I believe the Conference the effect of a delayed obligation that on this year and future year’s Mission language likely on this issue, given the will cost the committee $400 million to Plant Earth projects. The Com- close similarity between House and against its allocation before it even mittee Report accompanying H.R. 2099 Senate positions, would allow for starts marking up next year. directs a $6 million deletion in the Mis- CIESIN to compete and win a NASA I ask Members of the Senate to re- sion to Planet Earth program for the contract to provide this socioeconomic frain from offering amendments which Consortium for International Earth data, or to participate in any other fed- would cause the subcommittee to ex- Science Information Networks eral program. As my distinguished ceed its budget allocation and urge the [CIESIN] in Saginaw, Michigan. This counterpart in the House of Represent- speedy adoption of this bill.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14307 Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Mr. President, this bill unfairly sin- powder dealers are White or Hispanic. I sent that a table displaying the Budget gles out EPA to bear a dispropor- am sensitive to these concerns. This Committee scoring of the bill be print- tionate share of the deficit reduction Congress will deal severely and aggres- ed in the RECORD. burden. It will not just decrease the sively with any indication that pros- There being no objection, the table rate of increases, but will severely cut ecution or sentencing is being driven was ordered to be printed in the EPA’s funding. Its riders would under- by racial considerations. We will not RECORD, as follows: cut a number of our Nation’s environ- tolerate any racial discrimination in mental statutes, without adequate our criminal justice system. VA–HUD SUBCOMMITTEE—SPENDING TOTALS—SENATE- hearings, public involvement or review. But Mr. President, it is also impor- REPORTED BILL These actions are unjustified and un- tant to remember that the number of [Fiscal year 1996, in millions of dollars] warranted and for these and other rea- people convicted for crack violations Budget au- sons, I urge my colleagues to join me each year is just 3,430. I am more con- thority Outlays in rejecting this bill. cerned, to be blunt, about the millions of people living in our cities whose Defense discretionary: Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I suggest Outlays from prior-year BA and other ac- the absence of a quorum. quality of life is being ruined. These tions completed ...... 78 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The people have equal rights to safe neigh- H.R. 2099, as reported to the Senate ...... 153 92 Scorekeeping adjustment ...... clerk will call the roll. borhoods. The legislative clerk proceeded to To those who say the Federal Gov- Subtotal defense discretionary ...... 153 169 Nondefense discretionary: call the roll. ernment is locking up tens of thou- Outlays from prior-year BA and other ac- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- sands of nonviolent, low-level offend- tions completed ...... 45,660 H.R. 2999, as reported to the Senate ...... 61,464 28,963 imous consent that the order for the ers, let me say this: We studied that Scorekeeping adjustment ...... quorum call be rescinded. question. What we found was that out Subtotal nondefense discretionary ..... 61,464 74,624 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the 3,430 crack defendants convicted Mandatory: objection, it is so ordered. in 1994, the number of youthful, small- Outlays from prior-year BA and other ac- tions completed ...... 133 f time crack offenders with no prior H.R. 2099, as reported to the Senate ...... 19,362 17,213 criminal history and no weapons in- Adjustment to conform mandatory pro- MORNING BUSINESS grams with Budget ...... volvement, sentenced in Federal Resolution assumptions ...... ¥224 341 Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I now ask courts, was just 51. The median crack Subtotal mandatory ...... 19,138 17,688 unanimous consent that there be a pe- defendant was convicted of trafficking riod for the transaction of morning 109 grams—more than 2,000 rocks or Adjusted bill total ...... 80,754 92,481 Senate Subcommittee 602(b) allocation: business, with Senators permitted to doses. Only ten percent of crack de- Defense discretionary ...... 171 189 speak for up to 5 minutes each. fendants had trafficked less than 2–3 Nondefense discretionary ...... 61,500 74,642 Violent crime reduction trust fund ...... The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without grams of crack—the equivalent of 40–60 Mandatory ...... 19,138 17,688 objection, it is so ordered. doses. Total allocation ...... 80,809 92,519 Adjustment bill total compared to Senate Sub- f And finally, on Tuesday, September committee 602(b) allocation: 12, HHS released alarming figures Defense discretionary ...... ¥18 ¥20 U.S. SENTENCING COMMISSION Nondefense discretionary ...... ¥36 ¥18 RECOMMENDATIONS showing drug use up sharply among our Violent crime reduction trust fund ...... young people. Mr. President, this is not Mandatory ...... Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I rise Total allocation ...... ¥55 ¥38 the time to be sending the message today in support of S. 1254, a bill to that we are weakening social sanctions Note: Details may not add to totals due to rounding. Totals adjusted for block reductions in penalties for crack consistency with current scorekeeping conventions. against the drug trade. dealing proposed by the United States I urge my colleagues to join me in Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, the Sentencing Commission. If the Con- supporting this legislation. appropriations bill before us today rep- gress does not act, those changes will f resents a major step backward for the take effect this November 1. environment. While less extreme than According to the Department of Jus- D.C. BOOTH HISTORIC FISH the House-passed measure, it still pro- tice, which has also asked us to block HATCHERY poses to cut EPA’s budget by $1.7 bil- implementation of the changes, the Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, I rise lion—fully 23 percent below the levels new penalty structure will make base today in honor of the rededication of enacted in fiscal 1995—and contains 11 sentences for crack anywhere from two the D.C. Booth Historic Fish Hatchery so-called riders which would signifi- to six times shorter than they are now. in Spearfish after extensive renova- cantly undermine the Environmental That is simply irresponsible public tions. These developments represent Protection Agency’s ability to admin- policy. It would send a terrible message exciting opportunities for learning and ister and enforce environmental laws both to crack dealers and to commu- historic preservation. and perform its important mission of nities trying to fight back against the It was Senator Pettigrew, one of protecting public health and the envi- crack trade. South Dakota’s earliest and most ronment. No one, not even the Sentencing prominent Senators, who first appro- Maryland alone would lose over $14 Commission, denies that the brunt of priated funding for the hatchery in the million in funding needed to upgrade crack’s social consequences have fallen 1890’s. Originally called the Spearfish outdated sewage treatment facilities— on poor, urban, minority, residents. National Fish Hatchery, it was later projects which have a direct impact on Given what crack has done to our cit- renamed in honor of the original super- the water quality of the Chesapeake ies, it frankly amazes me to hear peo- intendent, D.C. Booth. The facility is Bay, our coastal beaches and bays, and ple arguing for lower sentences. Espe- now almost 100 years old and has been local waters. Legislative provisions in cially from people who wouldn’t for one listed on the National Register of His- the underlying measure would prohibit moment tolerate an open-air crack toric Places. It is one of the oldest fish- EPA from implementing section 404(c) market in their neighborhood in eries west of the Mississippi River and of the Clean Water Act which gives the Scarsdale or Chevy Chase. now plays a significant role in western agency authority to review U.S. Army The Commission’s own report, more- South Dakota’s tourism industry, Corps of Engineers wetlands permit de- over, acknowledges that crack’s bringing in over 200,000 visitors each cisions and provides another system of psychoactive effects are far more in- year. checks and balances in protecting the tense than powder cocaine, which I worked closely with my colleagues quality of our Nation’s waters. In addi- means that crack is far more addictive. on South Dakota’s congressional dele- tion, the proposed cut of some $20 mil- Members of the Sentencing Commis- gation to authorize the renovation of lion in EPA’s enforcement and compli- sion are concerned that the current the D.C. Booth Fish Hatchery. In 1991, ance assurance program would severely sentencing structure creates a percep- Congress recognized the historic impor- impact upon the agency’s ability to in- tion of unfairness because most con- tance of this fish hatchery. Funding spect industrial and Federal facilities victed crack dealers are African-Amer- was subsequently provided to renovate in Maryland and prosecute violations. icans, whereas a majority of convicted the existing facilities. In addition, an

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 underwater fish viewing area and a new ite as a tribute to the victims of the DuBray said four eagles on the monument historical fishery records and archive crash. This monument, entitled ‘‘Four and four juniper trees that will be planted at center were constructed. The archive Eagles Memorial,’’ was dedicated on the site will memorialize the three doctors center, which collects and preserves Saturday, September 16, 1995. and the pilot, who also was killed. The memorial cost $6,500, all of it donated. the national public historical fishery For years now, I have been a strong Funds came from Sen. Tom Daschle, D- records and artifacts, is the only one of advocate for small aircraft safety. It S.D., Sen. Larry Pressler, R-S.D., doctors of its kind in the country. saddens me each time I learn of air- the Black Hills Regional Eye Institute, fami- Over the years, the hatchery has also craft-related fatalities. The men who lies of the doctors who were killed and other made strides towards improving fish lost their lives in the crash were dedi- donors. population and diversity in western cated to their work, their families, and The doctors killed were Arvo Oopik, 37, a South Dakota. Interestingly enough, their friends. Their loss continues to be cardiologist based in North Carolina; Chris- the trout which are raised at the D.C. felt. topher Krogh, 45, a maternity and infant- care specialist based at Sioux San, and Booth Fish Hatchery are not native to Yet, tributes like the one made to Ruggles Stahn, 46, a diabetes specialist also the Black Hills area. This hatchery these men are heartfelt. While a year based at Sioux San. originally was responsible for stocking and one-half have passed since this The pilot of the plane was Ed Mellen, 53, not only the Black Hills, but also Yel- tragedy, we will not forget the victims who also died in the crash, and flew for B&L lowstone National Park. of the crash. My thoughts continue to Aviation. One particularly interesting feature be with the families and friends of the f which will soon be available to tour is men who perished in this unfortunate an old Federal Fishcar Service railroad accident. The Four Eagles Memorial U.S.-SINO RELATIONS car. At one time, trout eggs were will serve to remind us always of these Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, last transported to and from Spearfish in four admired and well-respected men. Friday I had the opportunity to speak refrigerated rail cars. With the advent A recent article appeared in the before the Washington chapter of the of faster transportation, this method Rapid City Journal of Rapid City, SD, Asia Society on the subject of U.S.- has long since been abandoned. When regarding the dedication of the memo- Sino relations. I would like to share the exhibit is finished, visitors will be rial. I ask unanimous consent that this that speech with my colleagues, and able to walk through a renovated rail article be printed in the RECORD. ask unanimous consent that the text car, complete with original dishes and There being no objection, the article be printed in the RECORD. trout egg storage trays. was ordered to be printed in the There being no objection, the mate- On Sunday, September 24, 1995, a RECORD, as follows: rial was ordered to be printed in the ceremony was held in Spearfish, SD, to [From the Rapid City Journal, Sept. 15, 1995] RECORD, as follows: rededicate the renovated D.C. Booth MEMORIAL TO DOCTORS DEDICATED SATURDAY TOWARDS A NEW CHINA POLICY Historic Fish Hatchery. This ceremony (By Bill Harlan) I’m very pleased to be here this morning to would not have been possible without Granite monument will honor the three In- inaugurate the Asia Society’s new forum se- the hard work and dedication of Mr. dian Health Service doctors killed in 1994 ries featuring members of Congress with re- Arden Trandahl, director of the site for plane crash. sponsibility for Asian policy issues. I’m also the Fish and Wildlife Service. During Stone cutter Ken Krzyzanowski will etch pleased to see Ambassador Nathan of Singa- his tenure in Spearfish, he has been the doctor’s names into the monument. pore, the new Sri Lankan ambassador, and thoroughly committed to preserving Brandon Zander, a Stevens High School sen- Minister Zhang Keyuan from the Chinese ior who works part-time at West River embassy are here with us today. the historic significance of the hatch- The Subcommittee on East Asian and Pa- ery. Monument Co., helped create the design. He is the son of the manager of West River cific Affairs of the Senate Foreign Relations Thanks to the devotion of Arden Monument. Committee, which I chair, has jurisdiction Trandahl and the Fish and Wildlife John DuBray says many people helped cre- over Asia from Burma and Mongolia east to Service, the State of South Dakota, ate the monument to three Indian Health the shores of California. As you are all well and the community of Spearfish, this Service doctors who died in a plane crash aware, this area is probably the most dy- renovation project is now a reality. I last year. namic in the world right now. With China, would also like to thank Molly Salcone But DuBray is especially grateful to LeRoy Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Zander, manager of West River Monument Vietnam, it is the economic engine that will and the other members of the D.C. drive the world economy into the 21st Cen- Booth Society. As president of this Co. of Rapid City, which is building the me- morial. tury and beyond. non-profit society, she has fostered a ‘‘He didn’t know us from Adam, and he Among all these established and devel- unique private-public partnership went above and beyond. He really did his oping economies, with 1.2 billion people, a which provided valuable assistance in best,’’ DuBray said. GDP equivalent around $2.73 trillion, a na- the restoration of the D.C. Booth Fish The ‘‘Four Eagles Memorial’’ is a granite tional product real growth rate last year of Hatchery. This project is a great exam- monument that will stand nearly four feet 13.4 percent, it is clear that the chief eco- ple of how we can all work together to tall when placed on its round concrete base nomic and political ‘‘tiger’’ that will domi- in front of the main building at Sioux San nate Asia in the years to come is the Peo- make things happen. ple’s Republic of China. As such, the dynam- The renovated D.C. Booth Historic Hospital. DuBray and other Sioux San personnel will ics of our bilateral relationship will become Fish Hatchery provides a unique edu- dedicate the memorial in a ceremony at 11 even more important—both for us and the cational experience, combining past a.m. Saturday at the hospital, where two of other countries in the region—in the years and present fish management. I extend the three doctors worked. The public is in- ahead. The U.S.-Sino relationship is a major my congratulations and best wishes for vited. focus of the work of the subcommittee. Of the future success of the facility. This week, the doctors’ names are being the six substantive hearings the sub- etched on three sides of the ‘‘Dakota mahog- committee has held this year, four have con- f any’’ granite, along with brief professional cerned the PRC; we are planning at least THE FOUR EAGLES MEMORIAL and personal descriptions. three more before the close of the year. It is that relationship which I have been asked to Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, An inscription on the fourth side will de- scribe the purpose of the monument, which address this morning. today I would like to call attention to is ‘‘in lasting memory of our courageous It will come as no surprise to those of you a monument recently dedicated to the physicians.’’ here this morning that the US-Sino relation- memory of four men who lost their The four-sided memorial will rest on a ship is not presently at its best. Since the lives in a catastrophic plane crash near round base, and two granite benches will be administration’s decision to admit Taiwan’s Minot, ND. The crash occurred during installed nearby, inscribed with names of the President Lee for a private visit, we have a blizzard in February 1994, as the pilot members of the doctors’ families. seen the most serious deterioration of rela- and passengers—three Indian Health DuBray is a public health nursing assist- tions since the Tiananmen Massacre. I won’t engage in a step-by-step analysis of each of Service [IHS] doctors—were travelling ant at Sioux San, and he also is coordinating the memorial project. He also worked with the incidents which have afflicted our rela- to several IHS clinics in the area. two of the doctors. tionship in the past year for two main rea- The West River Monument Co. of The doctors’ plane went down in a blizzard sons. First, I believe that you are all inti- Rapid City, SD, constructed a monu- near Minot, N.D., on Feb. 24, 1994. IHS were mately familiar with them and their recita- ment made of Dakota mahogany gran- visiting IHS clinics in the region. tion would be redundant. More importantly,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14309 however, I believe that the problem is much sure if you’ve ever listened to administration This provides another base from which to more fundamental than those issues. or PRC officials, read the Congressional build. The core problem in U.S.-Sino relations is RECORD or the People’s Daily, or spoken with There will continue to be areas of real dis- that we lack a coherent and clearly articu- a variety of public policy figures, you have agreement between us. But I believe that by lated foreign policy. Unfortunately, the heard the oft-repeated statement that our mutually redefining our relationship (and I phrase ‘‘Clinton foreign policy’’ is an two countries need to be good friends, or do not mean here, for the benefit of the Chi- oxymoron. Instead, of having clear proactive need to return to being good friends, or nese government, in any way redefining our policy goals, and making them and our shouldn’t let present frictions stand in the commitment to the three communiqu´ es or strong commitment to them known to the way of what should be our close friendship. the ‘‘one China’’ policy) we can perhaps min- countries concerned, this administration I would love for the U.S. to be close friends imize the effect those disagreements have on drifts from reaction to reaction. The pitfalls with China, but expecting us to be close our bilateral relationship. I think that by of this kind of reactive policy are clearly ap- friends at this point in history overlooks a being a bit more realistic about what kind of parent in what’s been going on in Bosnia; fundamental problem: the PRC is a totali- friendship we can have, we will somewhat and they are clearly apparent in our rela- tarian state, a communist dictatorship; the lower our mutual expectations. When expec- tionship with the PRC. United States is a democracy. Almost by def- tations in a relationship are lowered, blows In my view, for there to be a viable foreign inition, a close friendship between two such to that relationship tend to have less of a policy between, say, country A and country diametrically opposed systems is impossible. disruptive impact. B, you should be able to ask officials from A Friendships are based on shared aspirations, Let me note in closing that I am not an what its policy towards B is, ask B what A’s shared goals, shared dreams; but our most Asia expert. Many of you in this room this policy towards B is, and get pretty close to fundamental views of politics and human morning have been pursuing Asian affairs for the same answer from each. According to the freedoms are poles apart. This is not a pessi- decades. I do not pretend to know all the nu- Chinese, however, our policy towards them is mistic view, or the view based on some anti- ances and eddies and currents of this part of one of containment. According to our State China bias, or a Republican view, or a con- the world. But let me quote once again a Department, it is one of ‘‘constructive en- servative view; it is a reality. The Chinese Chinese proverb: ‘‘Dang ju zhe mi, pang guan gagement.’’ You can see the problem here— are rightly fond of their proverbs, and I zhe qing’’— ‘‘Observers can see a chess game there is a very large conceptual gap between would invoke one here to illustrate my more clearly than the players.’’ Perhaps it is ´ ´ these two. point: ‘‘Hu lu bu tong xong’’—‘‘Tigers and time for a fresh approach. ‘‘Constructive engagement’’ seems to me, deer do not walk together.’’ To delude our- and others I have spoken with, to be a bit selves into thinking that as countries we f vague. The administration describes it this will be anything near close friends is just THE BAD DEBT BOXSCORE way. Say there are 1,000 different individual that, a delusion. issue strands that make up our over-all bi- I think both we and the Chinese govern- Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, before lateral relationship. On some of the issues ment have to recognize that there are cer- discussing today’s bad news about the we’re in complete agreement, others in par- tain fundamental issues upon which, under Federal debt, how about ‘‘another go,’’ tial agreement, and others in complete dis- our present political systems, we will never as the British put it, with our pop quiz. agree and which realistically preclude the agreement. So, we’ll work on those areas Remember? One question, one answer. where we might expect some progress, and kind of relationship we have with other not press those where we conflict. The ad- countries in the region such as Japan. Hav- The question: How many millions of ministration calls this a policy. In my view, ing said that, however, I would note it does dollars does it take to add up a trillion though, this is no policy at all, but 1,000 sep- not mean that we can’t establish a construc- dollars? While you are thinking about arate conflicting little policies. From what I tive working relationship with them based it, bear in mind that it was the U.S. hear from the Chinese, both officially and on areas where we have shared interests. I Congress that ran up the Federal debt unofficially, they find it rather confusing as think that it’s the difference between the that now exceeds $4.9 trillion. well. friendship among close personal friends and To be exact, as of the close of busi- This confusion is made worse by the do- a friendship based on, say, a business rela- mestic climate in each respective country. tionship. For example, it’s the difference be- ness yesterday, September 25, the total First, in the United States, there are the tween my friendship with fellow Wyoming Federal debt—down to the penny— complications caused by the fact that na- Senator Al SIMPSON and my friendship with stood at $4,949,968,824,497.45, of which, ture, and the Congress, abhor a vacuum. Chinese Ambassador Li Daoyu. I grew up in on a per capita basis, every man, When Congress perceives a lack of leadership Wyoming with Al, went to the same high woman and child in America owes on the foreign policy stage, it has tradition- school; the two of us have shared experiences $18,790.17. ally been quick to step in and supply its own. and ideals that have made us the best of Mr. President, back to our pop quiz, This often leads to conflicting policies be- friends. Ambassador Li and I have a different how many million in a trillion: There tween the two branches and sends confusing friendship. I enjoy our meetings, I find our signals abroad. A clear example is the visit contacts helpful and informative, but our are a million million in a trillion. of President Lee. The administration stated friendship is primarily business-based; there f categorically that it would not issue a visa is not that closeness, nor would we either of for Lee to pay a private visit to the United us expect that there would be. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE States. Both houses of Congress, on the other What our two countries need to do, then, is ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED hand, made clear by overwhelming votes start over from that point, and work to re- A message from the House of Rep- that he should be admitted. shape the very nature of our bilateral rela- In the P.R.C., the ongoing jockeying for tionship. We need to build that relationship resentatives announced that the power in the soon-to-be-post-Deng-Xiaoping around a core of mutual respect and our Speaker has signed the following en- era has also accentuated the problems in the shared goals. We need to state what the pa- rolled bills: bilateral relationship. In times of political rameters of the policy are, and then we need H.R. 1817. An act making appropriations flux in China, one of the tried and true ways to stick to them. In that way there are no for military construction, family housing, of establishing one’s conservative com- surprises, no unmet expectations, no confu- and base realignment and closure for the De- munist bona fides is to be stridently sion on either side. partment of Defense for the fiscal year end- xenophobic. To be seen as coddling the The most obvious area where we share in- ing September 30, 1996, and for other pur- United States, or giving in to its ‘‘demands,’’ terests is in the economic sphere. It is a poses. can thus be the functional equivalent of po- symbiotic relationship; we have the techno- H.R. 1854. An act making appropriations litical suicide. As a result, during periods of logical know-how and the products, they for the Legislative Branch for the fiscal year transition such as this Chinese reaction to have the desire to expand their economy and ending September 30, 1996, and for other pur- incidents it considers provocations is often the almost unlimited market. This is prob- poses. ably our most stable and dependable com- overblown for domestic consumption. I hate The enrolled bills were subsequently to keep coming back to Taiwan as an exam- monality, problems with the rule of law and ple, but I strongly believe the PRC’s over- intellectual property rights aside. This sta- signed by the President pro tempore reaction to our admitting President Lee—for bility is illustrated by the fact that during (Mr. THURMOND). an unofficial visit well within the param- the recent downturn in our relationship, our f eters of the three joint communiques—is a economic ties remain relatively unscathed. direct result of its leadership courting the Consequently, trade would probably be a EXECUTIVE AND OTHER political support of the conservatives in the good place to start to restructure the basis COMMUNICATIONS PLA. of the relationship. Secondly, we both have a The following communications were So, ladies and gentlemen, given all these general interest in maintaining a stable problems I believe that the time has come to Asia. Instability endangers markets, endan- laid before the Senate, together with reevaluate and restructure our China policy, gers both our national security interests, accompanying papers, reports, and doc- and that reevaluation needs to start with the and alienates and endangers our relation- uments, which were referred as indi- very core premise upon which it is built. I’m ships with other countries in the region. cated:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 EC–1471. A communication from the Direc- and persons with medical conditions that the future vitality of its educational and li- tor of the United States Arms Control and prevent them from flying, who need trains as brary systems; and Disarmament Agency, transmitting, pursu- a travel option; and ‘‘Whereas, California must ensure that the ant to law, a report entitled, ‘‘Arms Control, ‘‘Whereas, travel by Amtrak is safer than state benefits from telecommunications in- Nonproliferation and Disarmament Studies driving, on a passenger-mile basis, and Am- frastructure advances and ensure universal Completed in 1994’’; to the Committee on trak operates even in severe weather condi- access to information and education re- Foreign Relations. tions; and sources for all residents of the state; and ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak travel rose 48 percent ‘‘Whereas, California must assume a posi- f from 1982 to 1993, and Amtrak dramatically tion of economic leadership and national PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS increased the amount of its operating cost prominence in the information age by fund- paid from revenues; and ing school and library information infra- The following petitions and memo- ‘‘Whereas, the expansion of Amtrak service structure in a manner which is technology rials were laid before the Senate and by using existing rail rights-of-way would and provider neutral; and were referred or ordered to lie on the cost less and use less land than the construc- ‘‘Whereas, California will attain a superior table as indicated: tion of new highways and airports, and would technology and provider neutral school and public library information and telecommuni- POM–305. A resolution adopted by the Sen- further Amtrak’s energy-efficiency advan- tage; and cations infrastructure by utilizing and inte- ate of the Legislature of the State of Alaska; grating, on a nondiscriminatory basis, the to the Committee on Armed Services. ‘‘Whereas, Federal investment in Amtrak has fallen in the last decade while it has technology and services of numerous state- ‘‘SENATE RESOLVE NO. 3 risen for airports and highways; and of-the-art providers; and ‘‘Whereas, current funding mechanisms ‘‘Whereas the closure of the Naval Air Fa- ‘‘Whereas, while states may use higheay may not provide California’s schools and cility in Adak, Alaska, is anticipated to trust fund money as an 80-percent federal public libraries with the funds needed to con- occur is 1995; and match for a variety of nonhighway pro- struct the infrastructure necessary to take ‘‘Whereas the land and existing infrastruc- grams, they are prohibited from using those advantage of telecommunications tech- ture of the facility could be used after the moneys for Amtrak projects; and nologies and services, to purchase those serv- closure to benefit people and businesses in Whereas, Amtrak pays a fuel tax that air- ices, or to provide the education, training, the state, as well as to serve the long-term lines do not pay; Now, therefore, be it and information needs they are intended to interests of the state and the federal govern- ‘‘Resolved by the Senate of the State of Cali- ment; and serve; and fornia, That the President and the Congress ‘‘Whereas, the current Congress has ex- ‘‘Whereas the closure of the facility pre- of the United States are respectfully memo- pressed its belief in the concept that the in- sents a unique opportunity to develop a new rialized to do all of the following: dividual states are better able to determine community for the western Aleutians, to ‘‘(1) Maintain or increase federal funding their individual needs and are better posi- promote commercial ventures, and to use the for Amtrak. tioned to determine how moneys should be existing land and infrastructure for commu- ‘‘(2) Extend to Amtrak the same exemption spent to address those needs; and nity purposes; and from fuel taxes that is afforded airlines. ‘‘Whereas, the Federal Communications ‘‘Whereas, unless appropriate steps are ‘‘(3) Allow states to use federal highway Commission is charged with the responsi- taken immediately to preserve the buildings trust fund moneys for Amtrak projects if bility of administering the radio frequency and other infrastructure from damage by they so choose. spectrum as a national asset for the benefit wind and moisture, the future use of the ex- ‘‘(4) Include a strong Amtrak system in of the American public; and isting infrastructure and the development of any plans for a National Transportation Sys- ‘‘Whereas, the Federal Communications the Adak community will be jeopardized; be tem; and be it further Commission is currently conducting an auc- it Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate tion of radio spectrum that will be used by ‘‘Resolved, That the Senate supports the transmit copies of this resolution to the winners of that auction to provide personal conversion of the Naval Air Facility in President and Vice President of the United communications services; and Adak, Alaska, into a facility that can be States, to the Speaker of the House of Rep- ‘‘Whereas, the Federal Communications used beneficially by the citizens of the west- resentatives, and to each Senator and Rep- Commission auction has generated moneys ern Aleutians; and be it further resentative from California in the Congress in excess of seven billion dollars which is ap- Resolved, That the Senate respectfully re- of the United States.’’ proximately three billion dollars more than quests the United States Department of De- the approximately four billion dollars that fense to POM–308. A joint resolution adopted by the has been earmarked for budget deficit reduc- (1) take effective and timely measures to Legislature of the State of California; to the tion, and that this approximately three bil- preserve the infrastructure that constitutes Committee on Commerce, Science, and lion dollars should be shared with the indi- the Naval Air Facility in Adak, Alaska; Transportation. vidual states so that they may accelerate de- (2) work closely with all federal and state ‘‘ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 28 velopment of their telecommunications in- agencies, the Department of the Navy, and frastructure by using public institutions ‘‘Whereas, the future success of Califor- the Aleut Corporation regarding the future such as schools and public libraries as cata- nia’s economy and the future welfare of its use of the facility after its closure; lysts: Now, therefore, be it (3) designate in a timely manner an au- citizens rests upon its ability to increase the ‘‘Resolved by the Assembly and Senate of the thority, preferably the Aleut Corporation, employment skills and competitiveness of State of California, jointly, That the Congress for developing the future use of the property its people and to stimulate economic growth; of the United States enact whatever laws are constituting the facility; and and necessary to allow each state to share in the (4) arrange for the transfer of the property ‘‘Whereas, the improvement of California’s proceeds of the current Federal Communica- that constitutes the facility to the Aleut employment capabilities and competitive- tions Commission auction of radio spectrum Corporation as part of the corporation’s enti- ness of its people requires high quality edu- for purposes of funding their schools’ and tlement under 43 U.S.C. 1601–1641 (Alaska Na- cation supported by an advanced tele- public libraries’ telecommunications and in- tive Claims Settlement Act).’’ communications and information infrastruc- formation infrastructure; and be it further ture; and ‘‘Resolved, That revenues received as a re- ‘‘Whereas, increases in the productivity POM–306. A resolution adopted by the sult of this resolution be efficiently ex- and competitiveness of California’s edu- Cable Television Board of Campbell County, pended in a technology and provider neutral cation and public library system are essen- Kentucky relative to telecommunications; manner using California’s schools and public tial to upgrading the quality of the existing to the Committee on Commerce, Science, libraries as catalysts to accelerate the devel- education system; and and Transportation. opment of the state’s telecommunications ‘‘Whereas, the development of an advanced POM–307. A resolution adopted by the Sen- and information infrastructure; and be it state-of-the-art telecommunications and in- ate of the Legislature of the State of Cali- further formation infrastructure, utilizing modern fornia to the Committee on Commerce, ‘‘Resolved, That the Chief Clerk of the As- information processing technology in Cali- Science, and Transportation. sembly transmit copies of this resolution to fornia’s education and library system, linked the President and Vice President of the ‘‘SENATE RESOLUTION NO. 21 locally, nationally, and internationally to United States, to the Speaker of the House ‘‘Whereas, rail passenger service provided businesses, residences, and other public and of Representatives, and to each Senator and by the National Rail Passenger Corporation private services, is essential for achieving a Representative from California in the Con- (Amtrak) is energy-efficient and environ- quality educational system in a cost-effec- gress of the United States.’’ mentally beneficial, consuming less energy tive manner; and per passenger-mile than airlines and causing ‘‘Whereas, the development of an advanced POM–309. A resolution adopted by the City less air pollution; and state-of-the-art telecommunications infra- Council of Puyallup, Washington relative to ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak provides mobility to structure in California is essential to pro- spent nuclear fuel; to the Committee on En- citizens of many smaller communities poorly moting the economic competitiveness of the vironment and Public Works. served by air and bus services, as well as to state, improving the literacy and employ- POM–310. A resolution adopted by the As- senior citizens, disabled people, students, ment skill level of its citizens, and ensuring sembly of Fairbanks North Star Borough,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00088 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14311 Alaska relative to the Arctic National Wild- memorializes the President and Congress to ‘‘Whereas the railway was built but the in- life Refuge; to the Committee on Energy and not eliminate the United States Geological tent of the original grants to facilitate com- Natural Resources. Survey; and be it further munity development was not carried out and POM–311. A resolution adopted by the ‘‘Resolved, That the Chief Clerk of the As- on February 14, 1907, the State of Oregon pe- Chamber of Commerce of Lake City, Min- sembly transmit copies of this resolution to titioned the Congress of the United States by nesota relative to nuclear waste; to the Com- the President and Vice President of the legislative memorial to take steps necessary mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. United States, to the Speaker of the House to compel action in furtherance of the origi- POM–312. A resolution adopted by the Cali- of Representatives, and to each Senator and nal intent of the land grants; and fornia-Pacific Annual Conference of the Representatives from California in the Con- ‘‘Whereas the O & C Lands were revested to United Methodist Church relative to the gress of the United States.’’ the United States by the Act of June 9, 1916, Ward Valley Dump Site; to the Committee for the purpose of management and redis- on Energy and Natural Resources. POM–316. A joint resolution adopted by the position to achieve the original goal of eco- POM–313. A resolution adopted by the Mid- Legislature of the State of California; to the nomic development of local communities, western Legislative Conference of the Coun- Committee on Energy and Natural Re- particularly in the 18 Oregon counties within cil of State Governments relative to spent- sources. which the O & C Lands are situated (‘‘O & C fuel shipping casks; to the Committee on En- ‘‘ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 33 Counties’’); and ergy and Natural Resources. ‘‘Whereas, Fredonyer Mountain and ‘‘Whereas the United States ceased recon- POM–314. A resolution adopted by the Mid- Fredonyer Pass are located 15 miles west of veying the grant lands back into private western Legislative Conference of the Coun- Susanville in the Lassen National Forest, ownership and, instead, Congress placed cil of State Governments relative to spent and are named after an early resident of the them by the Act of August 28, 1937, into man- nuclear fuel shipments; to the Committee on area, Atlas Fredonyer, who is credited with agement for the sustained yield of timber Energy and Natural Resources. discovery of the pass in 1850; and with minimum harvest levels to provide for POM–315. A joint resolution adopted by the ‘‘Whereas, in May 1862, Atlas Fredonyer long-term community stability in the O & C Legislature of the State of California; to the was tried and convicted in Quincy for inces- Counties, conservation of watersheds and Committee on Energy and Natural Re- tuous and criminal assault upon his 15-year provision of recreational opportunities; and sources. old daughter Sally for which crime he was ‘‘Whereas the State of Oregon by legisla- ‘‘ASSEMBLY JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 3 incarcerated in the State Prison at San tive memorial on April 27, 1951, petitioned Quentin; and Congress to transfer title to the lands to the ‘‘Whereas, the internationally respected ‘‘Whereas, naming the mountain and pass State of Oregon to help achieve the efficient United States Geological Survey has been after Atlas Fredonyer, given his crimes and management of the lands for the benefit of proposed for possible elimination; and subsequent conviction, seems improper, un- the people of the State of Oregon; and ‘‘Whereas, the United States Geological acceptable, and undeserving to the residents ‘‘Whereas approximately $1 billion in reve- Survey traces its history back to 1879 when of Lassen County and the state; and nues that would, under the law, have gone to Congress created an agency to identify nat- ‘‘Whereas, on March 2, 1995, Lassen County the O & C Counties since 1952 were instead ural hazards and locate natural resources; Deputy Sheriff Larry Griffith became the retained by the Federal Government with and first peace officer in the county to be killed the understanding that the revenue would be ‘‘Whereas, the United States Geological in the line of duty in the last 25 years; and used to improve the sustained yield capacity Survey counts among its former directors ‘‘Whereas, Deputy Griffith was responding of the O & C Lands and would increase the John Wesley Powell, the explorer who made to a domestic dispute that day when he was annual harvests and revenues from the O & C the first boat trip down the Colorado River mortally wounded while providing cover for Lands; and through the Grand Canyon; and fellow officers at the scene, which action ‘‘Whereas the Federal Government is not ‘‘Whereas, the loss of the United States Ge- saved the lives of two officers: Now, there- now complying with its obligations under ological Survey would seriously damage the fore be it the Act of August 28, 1937, and has reduced nation’s efforts to improve water quality, ‘‘Resolved by the Assembly and Senate of the the annual harvest below required minimum prevent landslides, locate minerals, and State of California, jointly, That the Legisla- levels, thereby endangering the economic identify unsafe construction sites and suit- ture of the State of California respectfully stability of the O & C Counties, their timber- able toxic waste disposal sites; and memorializes the United States Board on Ge- dependent communities and the families de- ‘‘Whereas, geologists with the United ographic Names, United States Geological pendent on timber jobs: Now, therefore, be it States Geological Survey have contributed Survey, to rename Fredonyer Mountain and ‘‘Resolved by the Legislative Assembly of the to efforts by engineers and urban planners to Fredonyer Pass to Griffith Mountain and State of Oregon: That the Congress of the revise building codes to improve earthquake Griffith Pass in honor and recognition of the United States be and hereby is urged to pass preparedness; and sacrifice made by Deputy Sheriff Larry Grif- such legislation as will result in the transfer ‘‘Whereas, the National Weather Service fith on behalf of the residents of Lassen of title to the O & C Lands to the State of issues flood advisory warnings based on in- County; and be it further Oregon, subject to such terms and conditions formation from the United States Geological ‘‘Resolved, That upon renaming the moun- as are necessary to assure management in Survey; and tain and pass, a memorial plaque be erected, perpetuity for the sustained yield of timber ‘‘Whereas, the volcanic activity moni- in a suitable location on the pass, to memo- to stabilize and support the O & C Counties, toring of the United States Geological Sur- rialize Deputy Sheriff Griffith and the coura- conserve watersheds and provide rec- vey resulted in, for example, the early warn- geous event that led to renaming the sites reational opportunities to all citizens, as set ing of the impending eruption of Mount after him, and be it further forth in the Act of August 28, 1937, and to Pinatubo in the Philippines which caused the ‘‘Resolved, That the design, construction, provide sound wildlife management and pro- evacuation of Clark Air Force Base and and erection of the plaque be a cooperative tect cultural resources; and be it further saved thousands of lives; and effort of the federal government and the resi- ‘‘Resolved, That copies of this resolution ‘‘Whereas, the United States Geological dents of the community; and be it further shall be sent to the President, the Speaker of Survey provides approximately 1,500 jobs in ‘‘Resolved, That the Chief Clerk of the As- the House of Representatives and the Presi- California, primarily in Menlo Park, Pasa- sembly transmit copies of this resolution to dent of the Senate of the United States and dena, and Sacramento; and the President and Vice President of the to each member of the Oregon Congressional ‘‘Whereas, the state’s flood, earthquake, United States, to the Secretary of Interior, Delegation.’’ and volcanic monitoring programs all depend to the Director of the United States Geologi- on information from the automated instru- cal Survey, to the Speaker of the House of POM–318. A concurrent resolution adopted ment networks maintained by the United Representatives, and to each Senator and by the Legislature of the State of Texas; to States Geological Survey to protect the Representative from California in the Con- the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- public’s safety; and gress of the United States.’’ sources. ‘‘Whereas, the state’s water agencies rely on the United States Geological Survey’s POM–317. A current resolution adopted by ‘‘SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 8 water resources division—the agency’s larg- the Legislature of the State of Oregon; to ‘‘Whereas, the United States Department est single program—to compile data that the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, in times serve as the basis for flood forecasting and sources. past has assisted the people of the State of water distribution statewide; and ‘‘HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 14 Texas by cooperating with state and local ‘‘Whereas, the budget of the United States ‘‘Whereas the Oregon and California Rail- governments in development of the state’s Geological Survey has remained static for road Grant lands (‘‘O & C Lands’’) were origi- water resources for municipal and industrial years and, was cut by $13.2 million this year, nally conveyed into private ownership the purposes; and and the agency has already been ordered to Act of July 25, 1866 (as amended by the Acts ‘‘Whereas, the projects developed by the cut its staff by 12 percent by 1999: Now, of June 25, 1868, and April 10, 1869), and the Bureau of Reclamation in Texas are com- therefore, be it Act of May 4, 1870, to aid, in conjunction plete and have been turned over to local ‘‘Resolved by the Assembly and Senate of the with construction of a railway, in the eco- sponsors of the projects for operation; and State of California, jointly, That the Legisla- nomic development of the State of Oregon ‘‘Whereas, the water made available by ture of the State of California respectfully and its communities; and such projects is water of the State of Texas,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 managed under the laws of Texas by the ability for a term expiring September 17, behalf of myself and my able colleague Texas Natural Resource Conservation Com- 1996. from Illinois, Senator MOSELEY-BRAUN. mission and local governmental entities; and Thomas R. Bloom, of Virginia, to be In- We call it the Higher Education Invest- ‘‘Whereas, Bureau of Reclamation projects spector General, Department of Education. ment Act of 1995. We hope that this bill in Texas were authorized by congress and Harris Wofford, of Pennsylvania, to be constructed under contracts that require re- Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation will launch an individual income tax payment of the local share of costs to the for National and Community Service. credit for interest paid by young people Bureau of Reclamation; and The following candidates for personnel ac- on their student loans. ‘‘Whereas, the Bureau of Reclamation’s tion in the regular corps of the Public Health Our own young people are the ones current actual function is largely limited to Service subject to qualifications therefore as who truly must balance the Federal supervision or repayment of the local share provided by law and regulations: budget for the long run. I believe that of costs; and To be assistant surgeon if we on Capitol Hill want to do our ‘‘Whereas, in recent years the Bureau of Patricia A. Berry Michael E. Toedt part to balance the Federal budget for Reclamation’s mission has shifted from Christine Casey the long run, then we must aid human water resource conservation and develop- Catherine L. Stephanie E. investment in one of its highest forms: ment to oversight and management of exist- Woodhouse Markman knowledge gained through education. ing projects; and As the U.S. Senate, with an obligation ‘‘Whereas, the Bureau of Reclamation, in (The above nominations were re- an effort to support extended oversight and toward the national economy, we must ported with the recommendation that underwrite higher education as an eco- management activities, has imposed fees and they be confirmed, subject to the nomi- charges on local sponsors for services that nomic investment toward future Fed- are neither necessary nor desired; and nees’ commitment to respond to re- eral tax revenues. This bill is the work- ‘‘Whereas, State and local governments quests to appear and testify before any able legislative vehicle. can manage local water resource projects duly constituted committee of the Sen- As a practical matter of income tax more economically and efficiently for the ate.) credits, the Higher Education Invest- benefit of all citizens and the environment of By Mr. THURMOND, from the Committee ment Act of 1995 provides targeted tax- the State of Texas without assistance from on Armed Services: payers with a credit for up to 20 per- the Bureau of Reclamation; and The following named officer under the pro- cent of the interest paid during the ‘‘Whereas, the Legislature of the State of visions of title 10, United States Code, sec- Texas favors elimination of unfunded federal first 5 years in which payments are re- tion 152, for reappointment as Chairman of quired on qualified educational loans. mandates, unnecessary federal bureaucracy, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and reappointment and elimination of federal debt; and to the grade of general while serving in that A student taxpayer may utilize both ‘‘Whereas, elimination of operational ex- position under the provisions of title 10, this credit and the standard deduction. penses for the Bureau of Reclamation and United States Code, section 601(a): Thus, a young person, or young mar- immediate repayment of project indebted- ried couple, can utilize this credit re- ness due would assist in balancing the fed- CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF To be general gardless of whether they are fortunate eral budget: Now, therefore, be it enough to have the money to begin Resolved, That the 74th Legislature of the Gen. John M. Shalikashvili, 000–00–0000, State of Texas hereby endorse management U.S. Army. buying a home and enjoying its related tax benefits. In fact, we intend this bill of state water resource projects by state and (The above nomination was reported local governmental entities created for that to aid young people, who are just start- purpose without restraint, interference, or with the recommendation that he be ing out in life, in their effort to retain unsolicited assistance from the Bureau of confirmed.) enough cash so that they too can have Reclamation; and, be it further f a chance at beginning the good life ‘‘Resolved, That the Texas Water Develop- that many of us from older generations ment Board, as requested by those entities, INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS have enjoyed. is directed to assist local and regional enti- As a Congress, we have been decades ties in acquiring, either for the local entities The following bills and joint resolu- or the state, the Bureau of Reclamation own- in saddling the next generation with tions were introduced, read the first the burden of paying off our national ership interest in existing projects in Texas; and second time by unanimous con- and, be it further debt. At a minimum, we should allow ‘‘Resolved, That the Texas Legislature sent, and referred as indicated: its members a mechanism to leverage hereby encourage and urge congress to adopt By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself and themselves to accomplish their enor- legislation facilitating acquisition of the Bu- Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN): mous task. To earn the necessary cash reau of Reclamation interests in existing S. 1273. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- flow to succeed, and to not slip into a enue Code of 1986 to allow a credit for inter- projects in Texas by the state and local gov- lower standard of living that we cur- ernments; and, be it further est paid on education loans; to the Com- ‘‘Resolved, That the Texas Secretary of mittee on Finance. rently enjoy, the members of the next State forward official copies of this resolu- By Mr. LOTT (for himself, Mr. SIMP- generation must arm themselves both tion to the United States Department of In- SON, Mr. NICKLES, and Mr. INHOFE): with knowledge and income potential. terior, Bureau of Reclamation, the President S. 1274. A bill to amend the Solid Waste During the past decade, tuition and of the United States, the president of the Disposal Act to improve management of re- fees at both public and private colleges senate and the speaker of the house of rep- mediation waste, and for other purposes; to and universities have increased at resentatives of the United States, and all the Committee on Environment and Public rates far exceeding inflation. During members of the Texas delegation to the con- Works. the same decade we in Congress elimi- By Mr. ABRAHAM (for himself, Mr. gress with the request that it be officially nated the interest deduction for stu- entered in the Congressional Record as a me- HATCH, Mr. SPECTER, Mr. KYL, and morial to the Congress of the United Mrs. HUTCHISON): dent loans. Thus, we require the next States.’’ S. 1275. A bill to provide for appropriate generation to not only borrow more remedies for prison condition lawsuits, to than we borrowed, we force them pay f discourage frivolous and abusive prison law- more than we paid. All of us must find suits, and for other purposes; to the Com- it ironic that, in their efforts to settle EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF mittee on the Judiciary. up on our open account, which is full of COMMITTEES f our excesses, we have denied them the The following executive reports of STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED same tax benefitted education that we committees were submitted: BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS enjoyed. By Mrs. KASSEBAUM, from the Com- The social cost is enormous. Large mittee on Labor and Human Resources: By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself volumes of student loan debt steer stu- Ernest W. DuBester, of New Jersey, to be a and Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN): dents away from socially useful though Member of the National Mediation Board for S. 1273. A bill to amend the Internal low paying careers such as teaching, a term expiring July 1, 1998. Revenue Code of 1986 to allow a credit research, or public service. It curbs en- Daniel A. Mica, of Virginia, to be a Mem- for interest paid on education loans; to trepreneurial action because entrepre- ber of the Board of Directors of the United the Committee on Finance. States Institute of Peace for a term expiring neurial ventures involve risk, and January 19, 1997. THE HIGHER EDUCATION INVESTMENT ACT OF 1995 large, fixed, monthly student loan re- Hughey Walker, of South Carolina, to be a ∑ Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, payment obligations do not lend them- Member of the National Council on Dis- today I am introducing legislation on selves to a young person’s appetite for

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00090 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14313 risk. Without this student loan inter- other taxpayer for the taxable year begin- (b) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.— est credit, which is consistent with a ning in the calendar year in which such indi- (1) IN GENERAL.—Subpart B of part III of progressive tax code, we will fail to in- vidual’s taxable year begins. subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal vest in our most long lived and produc- ‘‘(d) LIMIT ON PERIOD CREDIT ALLOWED.— Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to informa- ‘‘(1) TAXPAYER AND TAXPAYER’S SPOUSE.— tion concerning transactions with other per- tive assets: the minds of our electorate. Except as provided in paragraph (2), a credit sons) is amended by inserting after section Therefore, Mr. President, we chal- shall be allowed under this section only with 6050P the following new section: lenge our colleagues to once again un- respect to interest paid on any qualified edu- ‘‘SEC. 6050Q. RETURNS RELATING TO EDUCATION derwrite knowledge by first under- cation loan during the first 60 months LOAN INTEREST RECEIVED IN writing and co-sponsoring this bill. (whether or not consecutive) in which inter- TRADE OR BUSINESS FROM INDIVID- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- est payments are required. For purposes of UALS. ‘‘(a) EDUCATION LOAN INTEREST OF $600 OR ECORD this paragraph, any loan and all refinancings sent to include the bill in the R . MORE.—Any person— There being no objection, the bill was of such loan shall be treated as 1 loan. ‘‘(2) DEPENDENT.—If the qualified education ‘‘(1) who is engaged in a trade or business, ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as loan was used to pay education expenses of and follows: an individual other than the taxpayer or the ‘‘(2) who, in the course of such trade or S. 1273 taxpayer’s spouse, a credit shall be allowed business, receives from any individual inter- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- under this section for any taxable year with est aggregating $600 or more for any calendar resentatives of the United States of America in respect to such loan only if— year on any qualified education loan, Congress assembled, ‘‘(A) a deduction under section 151 with re- shall make the return described in sub- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. spect to such individual is allowed to the section (b) with respect to each individual This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Higher Edu- taxpayer for such taxable year, and from whom such interest was received at cation Investment Act of 1995’’. ‘‘(B) such individual is at least a half-time such time as the Secretary may by regula- tions prescribe. SEC. 2. CREDIT FOR INTEREST ON EDUCATION student with respect to such taxable year. ‘‘(b) FORM AND MANNER OF RETURNS.—A re- LOANS. ‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this sec- turn is described in this subsection if such (a) IN GENERAL.—Subpart A of part IV of tion— return— subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal ‘‘(1) QUALIFIED EDUCATION LOAN.—The term ‘‘(1) is in such form as the Secretary may Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to nonrefund- ‘qualified education loan’ means any indebt- prescribe, able personal credits) is amended by insert- edness incurred to pay qualified higher edu- ‘‘(2) contains— ing after section 22 the following new sec- cation expenses— ‘‘(A) the name and address of the indi- tion: ‘‘(A) which are incurred on behalf of the vidual from whom the interest described in ‘‘SEC. 23. INTEREST ON EDUCATION LOANS. taxpayer, the taxpayer’s spouse, or a depend- ent of the taxpayer, subsection (a)(2) was received, ‘‘(a) ALLOWANCE OF CREDIT.—In the case of ‘‘(B) the amount of such interest received an individual, there shall be allowed as a ‘‘(B) which are paid or incurred within a reasonable period of time before or after the for the calendar year, and credit against the tax imposed by this chap- ‘‘(C) such other information as the Sec- ter for the taxable year an amount equal to indebtedness is incurred, and ‘‘(C) which are attributable to education retary may prescribe. 20 percent of the interest paid by the tax- ‘‘(c) APPLICATION TO GOVERNMENTAL furnished during a period during which the payer during the taxable year on any quali- UNITS.—For purposes of subsection (a): recipient was at least a half-time student. fied education loan. ‘‘(1) TREATED AS PERSONS.—The term ‘per- ‘‘(b) MAXIMUM CREDIT.— Such term includes indebtedness used to re- son’ includes any governmental unit (and ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in finance indebtedness which qualifies as a any agency or instrumentality thereof). paragraph (2), the credit allowed by sub- qualified education loan. The term ‘qualified ‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULES.—In the case of a gov- section (a) for the taxable year shall not ex- education loan’ shall not include any indebt- ernmental unit or any agency or instrumen- ceed $500 ($1,000 in the case of 2 or more indi- edness owed to a person who is related (with- tality thereof— viduals with qualified higher education ex- in the meaning of section 267(b) or 707(b)(1)) ‘‘(A) subsection (a) shall be applied without penses paid by any qualified education loan). to the taxpayer. regard to the trade or business requirement ‘‘(2) LIMITATION BASED ON MODIFIED AD- ‘‘(2) QUALIFIED HIGHER EDUCATION EX- contained therein, and JUSTED GROSS INCOME.— PENSES.—The term ‘qualified higher edu- ‘‘(B) any return required under subsection ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If the modified adjusted cation expenses’ means the cost of attend- (a) shall be made by the officer or employee gross income of the taxpayer for the taxable ance (as defined in section 472 of the Higher appropriately designated for the purpose of year exceeds $40,000 ($60,000 in the case of a Education Act of 1965, 20 U.S.C. 1087ll, as in making such return. joint return), the amount which would (but effect on the day before the date of the en- ‘‘(d) STATEMENTS TO BE FURNISHED TO INDI- for this paragraph) be allowable as a credit actment of this Act) of the taxpayer, the VIDUALS WITH RESPECT TO WHOM INFORMA- under this section shall be reduced (but not taxpayer’s spouse, or a dependent of the tax- TION IS REQUIRED.—Every person required to below zero) by the amount which bears the payer at an eligible educational institution. make a return under subsection (a) shall fur- same ratio to the amount which would be so For purposes of the preceding sentence, the nish to each individual whose name is re- allowable as such excess bears to $15,000. term ‘eligible educational institution’ has quired to be set forth in such return a writ- ‘‘(B) MODIFIED ADJUSTED GROSS INCOME.— the same meaning given such term by sec- ten statement showing— The term ‘modified adjusted gross income’ tion 135(c)(3), except that such term shall ‘‘(1) the name and address of the person re- means adjusted gross income determined— also include an institution conducting an in- quired to make such return, and ‘‘(i) without regard to sections 135, 911, 931, ternship or residency program leading to a ‘‘(2) the aggregate amount of interest de- and 933, and degree or certificate awarded by an institu- scribed in subsection (a)(2) received by the ‘‘(ii) after application of sections 86, 219, tion of higher education, a hospital, or a person required to make such return from and 469. health care facility which offers post- the individual to whom the statement is re- ‘‘(C) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—In the case graduate training. quired to be furnished. of any taxable year beginning after 1996, the ‘‘(3) HALF-TIME STUDENT.—The term ‘half- The written statement required under the $40,000 and $60,000 amounts referred to in sub- time student’ means any individual who preceding sentence shall be furnished on or paragraph (A) shall be increased by an would be a student as defined in section before January 31 of the year following the amount equal to— 151(c)(4) if ‘half-time’ were substituted for calendar year for which the return under ‘‘(i) such dollar amount, multiplied by ‘full-time’ each place it appears in such sec- subsection (a) was required to be made. ‘‘(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment deter- tion. ‘‘(e) QUALIFIED EDUCATION LOAN DEFINED.— mined under section (1)(f)(3) for the calendar ‘‘(4) DEPENDENT.—The term ‘dependent’ has For purposes of this section, except as pro- year in which the taxable year begins, except the meaning given such term by section 152. vided in regulations prescribed by the Sec- that subparagraph (B) of subsection (1)(f)(3) ‘‘(f) SPECIAL RULES.— retary, the term ‘qualified education loan’ shall be applied by substituting ‘1995’ for ‘‘(1) DENIAL OF DOUBLE BENEFIT.—No credit has the meaning given such term by section ‘1992’. shall be allowed under this section for any 23(e)(1). ‘‘(D) ROUNDING.—If any amount as adjusted amount for which a deduction is allowable ‘‘(f) RETURNS WHICH WOULD BE REQUIRED under subparagraph (C) is not a multiple of under any other provision of this chapter. TO BE MADE BY 2 OR MORE PERSONS.—Except $50, such amount shall be rounded to the ‘‘(2) MARRIED COUPLES MUST FILE JOINT RE- to the extent provided in regulations pre- nearest multiple of $50 (or, if such amount is TURN.—If the taxpayer is married at the scribed by the Secretary, in the case of inter- a multiple of $25, such amount shall be close of the taxable year, the credit shall be est received by any person on behalf of an- rounded to the next highest multiple of $50). allowed under subsection (a) only if the tax- other person, only the person first receiving ‘‘(c) LIMITATION ON TAXPAYERS ELIGIBLE payer and the taxpayer’s spouse file a joint such interest shall be required to make the FOR CREDIT.—No credit shall be allowed by return for the taxable year. return under subsection (a).’’ this section to an individual for the taxable ‘‘(3) MARITAL STATUS.—Marital status shall (c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.— year if a deduction under section 151 with re- be determined in accordance with section (1) The table of sections for subpart A of spect to such individual is allowed to an- 7703.’’ part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00091 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14314 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by ‘‘ * * * delays in remediation action across-the-board reform, rather it is inserting after the item relating to section and increases in remediation costs.’’ surgical approach which targets just a 22 the following new item: EPA’s briefing document, this sum- few specific problem areas. The admin- ‘‘Sec. 23. Interest on education loans.’’ mer, reported that DOD wanted cost to istration calls it rifle-shot legislative (2) The table of sections for subpart B of be factored into level of cleanups, and fixes. part III of subchapter A of chapter 61 of such even OMB advocated a one-regulator My legislative solution has two basic Code is amended by inserting after the item cleanup approach. straight-forward features which will relating to section 6050P the following new The Reinventing Government bro- save billions and remediate quicker all item: chure went on to assure that by July 15 without inhibiting or lessening envi- ‘‘Sec. 6050Q. Returns relating to education of this year a package of rifle shot re- ronmental protection: loan interest received in trade forms would be delivered to Congress. First, it replaces inappropriate RCRA or business from individuals.’’ The administration was sending out requirements originally designed to (d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments a loud and consistent theme: minimize the amount of routinely gen- made by this section shall apply to any First, RCRA reforms are desired; erated hazardous waste with a remedi- qualified education loan (as defined in sec- Second, RCRA reforms are needed ation action plan concept which will tion 23(e)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of this year; and maximize site cleanup by empowering 1986, as added by this section) incurred on, Third, RCRA reforms must be legisla- state regulators to make common before, or after the date of the enactment of tive. sense cleanup decisions, and to give this Act, but only with respect to any loan interest payment due after December 31, I heard the administration’s message. them authority to enforce these deci- 1995, and before the termination of the period Let’s also recognize that Americans sions. described in section 23(d)(1) of such Code.∑ clearly are fed up with ineffective envi- Second, it codifies the regulatory ronmental programs that do little for status of cleanup materials ensuring By Mr. LOTT (for himself, Mr. clean-up, but lots for lawyers. They do the continuation of the highly success- SIMPSON, Mr. NICKLES, and Mr. not want their hard-earned tax dollars ful Underground Storage Tank Correc- INHOFE): being wasted. tive Action Program. S. 1274. A bill to amend the Solid Thoughtful citizens are exhausted by I believe it makes sense to focus this Waste Disposal Act to improve man- excessive, prescriptive regulations that environmental reform effort to an in- agement of remediation waste, and for exaggerate risks which too often are cremental method. We need to go step- other purposes; to the Committee on based upon emotion rather than sci- by-step making directed changes and Environment and Public Works. entific evidence. Buzzword phrases like then pausing to examine the con- THE REMEDIATION WASTE MANAGEMENT ‘‘rational rules,’’ ‘‘reasonably expected sequences before returning with addi- IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 1995 scenarios,’’ ‘‘stop Federal mandates,’’ tional legislation. Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, since the and ‘‘one-size does not fit-all’’ are typ- That is why my bill deals with only beginning of this year, administration ical and part of everyday, common- two issues. It avoids Washington’s officials have said they both need and place dialogue from Hernando to Christmas tree mentality of loading up want more regulatory flexibility to Excatawpa, MS. on numerous disconnected changes. It continue achieving environmental I heard the Public’s message too. also sidesteps policy matters which are clean up goals through the Resource Before I go any further, I want to be more appropriately handled through Conservation and Recovery Act up-front about my goals for this legis- the upcoming Superfund reauthoriza- [RCRA]. lation: First, make RCRA work faster tion. I want to share with my colleagues and cheaper; Second, remove regula- My legislative solution will merely several quotes. They are useful to set tions that are counterproductive to tailor RCRA’s regulatory process to the stage for my legislation. cleanups; Third, streamline agency de- site-specific remediation to ensure President Clinton, this past January cisionmaking; and Fourth, give states common sense, enforceable cleanup in his State of the Union Address, said authority to make decisions. occur. I urge my colleagues to examine that: ‘‘* * * we need common sense and Now, I want to explain why my envi- my proposal. fairness * * * and we [can] still clean ronmental policy reform bill just con- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- up toxic waste dumps. And we ought to centrates on RCRA: sent that the text of the bill be printed do it.’’ True, it is a program that does not in the RECORD. President Clinton even declared on have an attention getting name, like There being no objection, the bill was March 16th that he needs legislative re- Superfund. Some would even say it is a ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as forms to: ‘‘* * * fix provisions of RCRA program with an unpronounceable follows: * * * [to avoid] high costs and marginal name. S. 1274 environmental benefit.’’ True, it is a program which perhaps Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- Vice-President GORE, this spring, many Americans are not aware of. But resentatives of the United States of America in promised that: ‘‘* * * environmental it is far more widespread then Super- Congress assembled, protection * * * will protect more and fund. SECTION 1. REMEDIATION WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT. cost less * * *’’ in his Reinventing Gov- My colleagues need to hear a few (a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 1004 of the Solid ernment brochure. numbers to understand why Congress Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6903) is amend- EPA Administrator Browner, this needs to deal with RCRA: ed by adding at the end the following: spring, testified to our Senate’s Envi- There are five times as many RCRA ‘‘(42) COMPLIANCE AUTHORITY.—The term ronment and Public Works Committee sites as there are Superfund sites. In ‘compliance authority’ means the authority that: ‘‘* * * reform efforts are so cru- Mississippi there are just two Super- to issue, enter into, approve, enforce, and en- cial; we must meet these challenges fund sites, but there are over 40 RCRA sure compliance with a remedial action plan. with commonsense cost-effective meas- Corrective Action Sites. ‘‘(43) NONPROGRAM STATE.—The term ‘non- program State’ means a State other than a ures.’’ And, a respected study conducted 4 program State. EPA’s Head of the Office of Solid years ago reported that roughly $240 ‘‘(44) ORIGINATING STATE.—The term ‘origi- Waste, Mr. Shapiro, this summer, testi- billion will be spent on RCRA remedi- nating State’ means a State in which reme- fied to the House’s Commerce Sub- ation. As a reference point that is near- diation waste is generated under a remedial committee that: ‘‘* * * we have learned ly $100 billion more than will be spent action plan. [to] rely on * * * our State partners, on the notorious Superfund. ‘‘(45) PROGRAM STATE.—The term ‘program and we have learned that flexibility is RCRA is a big, albeit invisible, and State’ means a State that has a State reme- vital to our success.’’ expensive program that the adminis- diation waste management program author- ized under section 3006(i). EPA, this spring, reaffirmed its com- tration wants to reform. ‘‘(46) REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN.—The term mitment to permanently implement Well, so do I. ‘remedial action plan’ means a document or the regulatory status of petroleum con- I have responded with a sensible, re- portion of a document (including but not taminated media under the Under- sponsive and responsible legislative so- limited to, an order, permit, or agreement) ground Storage Tank Program to avoid lution. It is not a comprehensive that—

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14315

‘‘(A) is issued, entered into, or approved by ‘‘(A) CERTIFICATION.—A State that has a ministrator a certification, supported by the Administrator or a program State; hazardous waste program authorized under such documentation as the State considers ‘‘(B) ensures that the management of the subsection (b) may submit to the Adminis- to be appropriate, demonstrating that the remediation waste is performed in a manner trator a certification, supported by such doc- State has— that is protective of human health and the umentation as the State considers to be ap- ‘‘(i) statutory and regulatory authority environment by specifying— propriate, demonstrating that the State (including appropriate enforcement author- ‘‘(i) the remediation waste that is the sub- has— ity) to control the management of remedi- ject of the document; ‘‘(i) statutory and regulatory authority ation waste from generation to final disposal ‘‘(ii) the manner in which the remediation (including appropriate enforcement author- in a manner that is protective of human waste will be managed; ity) to control the management of remedi- health and the environment; ‘‘(iii) the methods of remediation; and ation waste from generation to final disposal ‘‘(ii) resources in place to administer and ‘‘(iv) the schedule for implementation; and in a manner that is protective of human enforce the authorities; and ‘‘(C) has been the subject of appropriate health and the environment; ‘‘(iii) procedures to ensure public notice public notice and comment; and ‘‘(ii) resources in place to administer and and opportunity for comment on remedial ‘‘(D) provides for the exercise of compli- enforce the authorities; and action plans submitted to the State. ance authority in accordance with section ‘‘(iii) procedures to ensure public notice ‘‘(B) INTERIM AUTHORIZATION.—Beginning 1 3001(j)(1) and, in the case of a plan over any and opportunity for comment on remedial year after a certification under subparagraph portion of which any other entity (a State or action plans submitted to the State. (A), the State may proceed to carry out the the Administrator) other than the entity ‘‘(B) INTERIM AUTHORIZATION.—Subject to remediation waste management program of that issued or entered into the plan is to ex- subparagraph (C)(iii), beginning 60 days after the State until the Administrator issues a ercise compliance authority, has the concur- submission of a certification under subpara- determination under subparagraph (C). rence of the other entity for the portion of graph (A), the State may proceed to carry ‘‘(C) DETERMINATION.— the plan for which the other entity has com- out the remediation waste management pro- ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years pliance authority, except that nothing in gram of the State until the Administrator after the date on which a State submits to this subparagraph applies to remediation issues a final determination under subpara- the Administrator a certification under sub- waste that is managed in accordance with graph (C). paragraph (A), after public notice and oppor- subtitle C. ‘‘(C) DETERMINATION.— tunity for comment, the Administrator shall ‘‘(47) REMEDIATION WASTE.—The term ‘re- ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months issue to the State and publish in the Federal mediation waste’ means a solid waste or any after the date on which a State submits to Register a determination that— medium (including ground water, surface the Administrator a certification under sub- ‘‘(I) the certification meets all of the cri- water, soil, and sediment) generated during paragraph (A), after public notice and oppor- teria stated in subparagraph (A), and the implementation of a remedial action plan tunity for comment, the Administrator shall State has final authorization to carry out that— issue to the State and publish in the Federal the remediation waste management program ‘‘(A) is, or is derived from, a listed haz- Register a determination that— of the State; or ardous waste; ‘‘(I) the certification meets all of the cri- ‘‘(II) the certification fails to meet 1 or ‘‘(B) contains or is mixed with a listed haz- teria stated in subparagraph (A), and the more of the criteria stated in subparagraph (A), stating with particularity the elements ardous waste; or State has final authorization to carry out of the State program that are considered to ‘‘(C) exhibits a characteristic of a haz- the remediation waste management program be deficient. ardous waste.’’. of the State; or ‘‘(ii) DEFAULT.— (b) IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING.—Section ‘‘(II) the certification fails to meet 1 or ‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 3001 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 more of the criteria stated in subparagraph subclause (II), if the Administrator does not U.S.C. 6921) is amended by adding at the end (A), stating with particularity the elements issue a determination under clause (i) within the following: of the State program that are considered to ‘‘(j) REMEDIATION WASTE.— 2 years after the date on which a State sub- be deficient, and that the deficiency would ‘‘(1) COMPLIANCE AUTHORITY.— mits to the Administrator a certification be likely to result in a State remediation ‘‘(A) PROGRAM STATES.—Except as provided under subparagraph (A), the certification waste management program that is not pro- in section 3008, a program State shall exer- shall be considered to meet all of the criteria tective of human health and the environ- cise compliance authority with respect to a stated in subparagraph (A), and the State ment. remedial action plan insofar as the remedial shall have final authorization to carry out ‘‘(ii) DEFAULT.— action plan describes the management of re- the remediation waste management program ‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in mediation waste in the program State. of the State. subclause (II), if the Administrator does not ‘‘(B) NONPROGRAM STATES.—The Adminis- ‘‘(II) WITHDRAWAL OF AUTHORITY.—If the issue a determination under clause (i) within trator shall exercise compliance authority Administrator subsequently withdraws au- 18 months after the date on which a State with respect to a remedial action plan inso- thorization for a State remediation waste submits to the Administrator a certification far as the remedial action plan describes the management program in accordance with under subparagraph (A), the certification management of remediation waste in a non- subsection (e), the Administrator shall en- shall be considered to meet all of the criteria program State. sure completion of any ongoing remedial ac- stated in subparagraph (A), and the State ‘‘(C) REMEDIATION WASTE MANAGED INTER- tion plan.’’. shall have final authorization to carry out STATE.—With respect to the management of (d) ENFORCEMENT.—Section 3008(a) of the the remediation waste management program remediation waste under a remedial action Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6928(a))) of the State. plan that provides that part of the manage- is amended— ‘‘(II) WITHDRAWAL OF AUTHORIZATION.—If ment will be performed in another State (1) in paragraph (1)— the Administrator subsequently withdraws other than the originating State— (A) by striking ‘‘paragraph (2)’’ and insert- authorization for a State remediation waste ‘‘(i) if the other State is a program State, ing ‘‘paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; and program in accordance with subsection (e), the program State shall exercise compliance (B) by inserting after ‘‘subtitle’’ the fol- the Administrator shall ensure completion of authority with respect to the portions of the lowing: ‘‘or any requirement contained in a any ongoing remedial action plan. remedial action plan describing the manage- remedial action plan issued or entered into ‘‘(iii) PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION.—If the ment of remediation waste in the other by the Administrator or with respect to Administrator determines that— State; or which the Administrator exercises compli- ‘‘(I) on preliminary review, it appears that ‘‘(ii) if the other State is a nonprogram ance authority under section 3001(j)’’; it will likely be determined after notice and State, the Administrator shall exercise com- (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as para- comment that a certification fails to meet 1 pliance authority with respect to the por- graph (4); and or more of the criteria stated in subpara- tions of the remedial action plan describing (3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol- graph (A); and the management of remediation waste in the lowing: ‘‘(II) injury to human health or the envi- other State. ‘‘(3) REMEDIATION WASTE.— ronment would likely result from interim ‘‘(2) CONDITIONAL EXCLUSION.—Notwith- ‘‘(A) NOTICE OF VIOLATION.—Notwith- implementation of the State remediation standing any other provision of this subtitle, standing any other provision of this section, waste management program under subpara- remediation waste that is managed under a if, on the basis of any information, the Ad- graph (B), remedial action plan shall not to be a haz- ministrator determines that a person has ardous waste for purposes of this subtitle.’’. the Administrator may issue a preliminary violated or is in violation of any requirement (c) AUTHORIZED STATE HAZARDOUS WASTE determination to the State, and the State for the management of remediation waste REMEDIATION PROGRAMS.—Section 3006 of the shall not have interim authorization under contained in a remedial action plan imple- Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6926) is subparagraph (B). mented under a State remediation waste amended by adding at the end the following: ‘‘(2) STATES WITHOUT AUTHORIZED HAZ- management program authorized under sec- ‘‘(i) AUTHORIZED STATE REMEDIATION ARDOUS WASTE PROGRAMS.— tion 3006(i), the Administrator shall provide WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS.— ‘‘(A) CERTIFICATION.—A State that does not notice to the State in which the violation oc- ‘‘(1) STATES WITH AUTHORIZED HAZARDOUS have a hazardous waste program authorized curred or is occurring prior to commencing WASTE PROGRAMS.— under subsection (b) may submit to the Ad- any action to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14316 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 require compliance with the requirements of 1. How warm the food is. Over 100 persons in Philadelphia have the remedial action plan. 2. How bright the lights are. been killed by criminals set free under ‘‘(B) COMPLIANCE ORDER.—If, after the 30th 3. Whether there are electrical out- the prison cap. Moreover, the citizenry day after the Administrator issues a notice lets in each cell. has understandably lost confidence in of violation under subparagraph (A), a State 4. Whether windows are inspected and has not taken appropriate action to require the criminal justice system’s ability to compliance with requirements of the reme- up to code. protect them. And the criminals, on dial action plan, the Administrator may 5. Whether prisoners’ hair is cut only the other hand, have every reason to issue an order or commence an action under by licensed barbers. believe that the system can’t do any- paragraph (1) to enforce the remediation 6. And whether air and water tem- thing about them. waste management requirements of the re- peratures are comfortable. All of this would be bad enough if it medial action plan.’’. Elsewhere, American citizens are put were the result of a court order to cor- (e) RELEASE, DETECTION, PREVENTION, AND at risk every day by court decrees. I rect serious constitutional violations CORRECTION.—Section 9003 of the Solid Waste have in mind particularly decrees that committed by the Philadelphia correc- Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6991b) is amended by adding at the end the following: cure prison crowding by declaring that tions system. But it is not. ‘‘(i) PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED MEDIA AND we must free dangerous criminals be- Indeed, a different Federal judge re- DEBRIS.—Petroleum-contaminated media fore they have served their time, or not cently found that conditions in Phila- and debris that fail the test for toxicity incarcerate certain criminals at all be- delphia’s oldest and most decrepit fa- characteristics due to organics issued by the cause prisons are too crowded. cility—Holmesburg Prison—met con- Administrator under section 3001, and are The most egregious example is the stitutional standards. subject to corrective action under this sec- city of Philadelphia. For the past 8 These murderous early releases are tion, shall not be considered to be hazardous years, a Federal judge has been over- the result of a consent decree entered waste for purposes of subtitle C.’’. seeing what has become a program of into by the prior mayoral administra- By Mr. ABRAHAM (for himself, wholesale releases of up to 600 criminal tion from which the current adminis- tration has been unable to extricate Mr. HATCH, Mr. SPECTER, Mr. defendants per week to keep the prison itself. KYL, and Mrs. HUTCHISON): population down to what she considers Finally, in addition to massive judi- S. 1275. A bill to provide for appro- an appropriate level. cial interventions in State prison sys- priate remedies for prison condition Under this order, there are no indi- tems, we also have frivolous inmate lawsuits, to discourage frivolous and vidualized bail hearings on a defend- litigation brought under Federal law; abusive prison lawsuits, and for other ant’s criminal history before deciding this litigation also ties up enormous purposes; to the Committee on the Ju- whether to release the defendant before resources. Thirty-three States have es- diciary. trial. Instead, the only consideration is what the defendant is charged with the timated that Federal inmate suits cost THE PRISON CONDITIONS LITIGATION REFORM them at least $54.5 million annually. ACT day of his or her arrest. The National Association of Attorneys ∑ Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I in- No matter what the defendant has done before, even, for example, if he or General have extrapolated that number troduce legislation that I believe is es- to conclude that nationwide the costs sential if we are to restore public con- she was previously convicted of mur- der, if the charge giving rise to the ar- are at least $81.3 million. Since, accord- fidence in government’s ability to pro- ing to their information, more than 95 tect the public safety. Moreover, it will rest is a non-violent crime, the defend- ant may not be held pretrial. Moreover, percent of these suits are dismissed accomplish this purpose not by spend- without the inmate receiving anything, ing more taxpayer money but by sav- the so-called non-violent crimes in- clude stalking, carjacking, robbery the vast majority of the $81.3 million ing it. being spent is attributable to non-mer- This legislation removes enormous with a baseball bat, burglary, drug dealing, vehicular homicide, man- itorious cases. obstacles the Federal Government has Mr. President, in my opinion this is slaughter, terroristic threats, and gun placed in the path of States’ and local- all wrong. People deserve to keep their charges. ities’ ability to protect their residents. tax dollars or have them spent on As a result Philadelphia, which be- I would like to highlight three of these projects they approve. They deserve fore the cap had about 18,000 out- obstacles and explain what we are better than to have their money spent, standing bench warrants, now has al- going to do to remove them. on keeping prisoners in conditions First, in many jurisdictions includ- most 50,000. In reality, though, no one some Federal judge feels are desirable ing my own State of Michigan, judicial is out looking for these fugitives. Why (although not required by any provi- orders entered under Federal law raise look? If they were found, they would sion of the Constitution or any law). the costs of running prisons far beyond just be released back onto the streets And they certainly don’t need it spent what is necessary. These orders also under the prison cap. on defending against frivolous prisoner thereby undermine the legitimacy and In the meantime thousands of defend- lawsuits. punitive and deterrent effect of prison ants who were out on the streets be- And convicted criminals, while they sentences. cause of the cap have been rearrested must be accorded their constitution Second, in other jurisdictions, judi- for new crimes, including 79 murders, rights, deserve to be punished. I think cial orders entered under Federal law 959 robberies, 2,215 drug dealing virtually everybody believes that while actually result in the release of dan- charges, 701 burglaries, 2,748 thefts, 90 these people are in jail they should not gerous criminals from prisons. rapes, and 1113 assaults. be tortured, but they also should not Third, these orders are com- Looking at the same material from have all the rights and privileges the plemented by a veritable torrent of another vantage point: In 1993 and 1994, rest of us enjoy, and that their lives prisoner lawsuits. Although these suits over 27,000 new bench warrants for mis- should, on the whole, be describable by are found non-meritorious the vast ma- demeanor and felony charges were the old concept known as hard time. jority of the time (over 99 percent, for issued for defendants released under The legislation I am introducing example, in the ninth circuit), they oc- the cap. That’s 63 percent of all new today will return sanity and State con- cupy an enormous amount of State and bench warrants in 1993 and 74 percent trol to our prison systems. It will do so local time and resources; time and re- of all new bench warrants for the first by limiting judicial remedies in prison sources that would be better spent in- 6 months of 1994. cases and by limiting frivolous prisoner carcerating more dangerous offenders. Failure to appear rates for crimes litigation. Let me start with the problems in covered by the cap are all around 70 First, we must curtail interference my own State of Michigan. percent, as opposed to, for example, by the Federal courts themselves in Under a series of judicial decrees re- non-covered crimes like aggravated as- the orderly administration of our pris- sulting from Justice Department suits sault, where the rate is just 3 percent. ons. This is not to say that we will against the Michigan Department of The Philadelphia fugitive rate for de- have no court relief available for pris- Corrections, the Federal courts now fendants charged with drug dealing is oner suits, only that we will try to re- monitor our State prisons to deter- 76 percent, three times the national tain it for cases where it is needed mine: rate. while curtailing its destructive use.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14317 Most fundamentally, the proposed only for fees directly and reasonably prospective relief unless the court finds that bill forbids courts from entering orders incurred in proving that violation. such relief is narrowly drawn, extends no for prospective relief (such as regu- In addition, attorney’s fees must be further than necessary to correct the viola- lating food temperatures) unless the proportionally related to the court or- tion of the Federal right, and is the least in- trusive means necessary to correct the viola- order is necessary to correct violations dered relief. No longer will attorneys tion. In determining the intrusiveness of the of individual plaintiffs’ Federal rights. be allowed to charge massive amounts relief, the court shall give substantial weight It also requires that the relief be nar- to the State for the service of cor- to any adverse impact on public safety or the rowly drawn and be the least intrusive recting minimal violations. operation of a criminal justice system means of protecting the federal rights. And no longer will attorneys be al- caused by the relief. And it directs courts to give substan- lowed to charge very high fees for their ‘‘(2) PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIVE RELIEF.—In tial weight to any adverse impact on time. The fee must be calculated at an any civil action with respect to prison condi- public safety or the operation of the tions, to the extent otherwise authorized by hourly rate no higher than that set for law, the court may enter a temporary re- criminal justice system caused by the court appointed counsel. And up to 25 straining order or an order for preliminary relief. percent of any monetary award the injunctive relief. Preliminary injunctive re- No longer will prison administration court orders the plaintiff wins will go lief shall automatically expire on the date be turned over to Federal judges for toward payment of the prisoner’s at- that is 90 days after its entry, unless the the slightest reason. Instead, the torney’s fees. court makes the order final before the expi- States will be able to run prisons as The bill also prohibits prisoners who ration of the 90-day period. they see fit unless there is a constitu- ‘‘(3) PRISONER RELEASE ORDER.—(A) In any have filed three frivolous or obviously civil action with respect to prison condi- tional violation, in which case a nar- nonmeritorious in forma pauperis civil rowly tailored order to correct the vio- tions, no prisoner release order shall be en- actions from filing any more unless tered unless— lation may be entered. they are in imminent danger of severe ‘‘(i) a court has previously entered an order The bill also will make it more dif- bodily harm. for less intrusive relief that has failed to ficult for judges to release dangerous Also, to keep prisoners from using remedy the deprivation of the Federal right criminals back into the population, or lawsuits as an excuse to get out of jail sought to be remedied through the prisoner to prevent the authorities from incar- for a time, pretrial hearings generally release order; and ‘‘(ii) the defendant has had a reasonable cerating them in the first place. will be conducted by telephone, so that To accomplish this, the legislation amount of time to comply with the previous the prisoner stays in prison. forbids courts from entering release or- court orders. Mr. President, these reforms will de- ders except under very limited cir- ‘‘(B) In any civil action in Federal court crease the number of frivolous claims with respect to prison conditions, a prisoner cumstances. The court first must have filed by prisoners. They will decrease release order shall be entered only by a entered an order for less intrusive re- three-judge court in accordance with section lief, which must be shown to have prisoners’ incentives to file suits over how bright their lights are. At the 2284 of title 28, if the requirements of sub- failed to cure the violation of Federal paragraph (E) have been met. rights. If a Federal court reaches this same time, they will discourage judges ‘‘(C) A party seeking a prisoner release conclusion, it must refer the question from seeking to take control over our order in Federal court shall file with any re- of whether or not to issue a release prison systems, and to micromanage quest for such relief, a request for a three- order to a three judge district court. them, right down to the brightness of judge court and materials sufficient to dem- This court must find by clear and their lights. onstrate that the requirements of subpara- graph (A) have been met. convincing evidence that crowding is This is a far-reaching bill, Mr. Presi- dent. One aimed at solving a complex, ‘‘(D) If the requirements under subpara- the primary cause of the violation of a graph (A) have been met, a Federal judge be- Federal right and that no other relief costly, and dangerous problem. Its sev- fore whom a civil action with respect to pris- will remedy the violation of the Fed- eral provisions will discourage frivo- on conditions is pending who believes that a eral right. Then the court must find, lous lawsuits and promote State con- prison release order should be considered by a preponderance of the evidence, trol over State prison systems. At the may sua sponte request the convening of a that the crowding had deprived par- same time, this legislation will help three-judge court to determine whether a ticular plaintiffs of at least one essen- protect convicted criminals’ constitu- prisoner release order should be entered. ‘‘(E) The court shall enter a prisoner re- tial, identifiable human need, and that tional rights without releasing them to prey on an innocent public or keeping lease order only if the court finds— prison officials have either deliberately ‘‘(i) by clear and convincing evidence— subjected the plaintiffs to this depriva- them in conditions so comfortable that ‘‘(I) that crowding is the primary cause of tion or have been deliberately indif- they lose their deterrent effect. the violation of a Federal right; and ferent to it. I urge my colleagues to support this ‘‘(II) that no other relief will remedy the As important, this legislation pro- legislation. violation of the Federal right; and vides that any prospective relief order I ask unanimous consent that the ‘‘(ii) by a preponderance of the evidence— may be terminated on the motion of ei- text of the bill be printed in the ‘‘(I) that crowding has deprived a par- ther party 2 years after the later of the RECORD. ticular plaintiff or plaintiffs of at least one There being no objection, the bill was essential, identifiable human need; and grant of relief or the enactment of the ‘‘(II) that prison officials have acted with bill. The court shall grant the termi- ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as obduracy and wantonness in depriving a par- nation unless it finds that the original follows: ticular plaintiff or plaintiffs of at least one prerequisites for granting it are S. 1275 essential, identifiable human need. present at that time. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- ‘‘(F) Any State or local official or unit of No longer, then, will we have consent resentatives of the United States of America in government whose jurisdiction or function decrees, such as those in Michigan Congress assembled, includes the prosecution or custody of per- under which judges control the prisons SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. sons who may be released from, or not ad- literally for decades. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Prison Con- mitted to, a prison as a result of a prisoner Finally, the bill contains several ditions Litigation Reform Act’’. release order shall have standing to oppose the imposition or continuation in effect of measures to reduce frivolous inmate SEC. 2. APPROPRIATE REMEDIES FOR PRISON CONDITIONS. such relief, and shall have the right to inter- litigation. The bill limits attorney’s vene in any proceeding relating to such re- fee awards. In addition, prisoners no (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 3626 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as lief. ‘‘(b) TERMINATION OF RELIEF.— longer will be reimbursed for attor- follows: ney’s fees unless they prove an actual ‘‘(1) TERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE RELIEF.— statutory violation. ‘‘§ 3626. Appropriate remedies with respect to (A) In any civil action with respect to prison No longer will courts award attor- prison conditions conditions in which prospective relief is or- ney’s fees simply because the prison ‘‘(a) REQUIREMENTS FOR RELIEF.— dered, such relief shall be terminable upon ‘‘(1) PROSPECTIVE RELIEF.—Prospective re- the motion of any party— has changed pre-existing conditions. lief in any civil action with respect to prison ‘‘(i) 2 years after the date the court grant- Only if those conditions violated a pris- conditions shall extend no further than nec- ed or approved the prospective relief; oner’s rights will fees be awarded. essary to correct the violation of the Federal ‘‘(ii) 1 year after the date the court has en- Prisoners who succeed in proving a right of a particular plaintiff or plaintiffs. tered an order denying termination of pro- statutory violation will be reimbursed The court shall not grant or approve any spective relief under this paragraph; or

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14318 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 ‘‘(iii) in the case of an order issued on or challenging the fact or duration of confine- this subsection, if the fee is paid by the indi- before the date of enactment of the Prison ment in prison; vidual rather than by the defendant pursu- Litigation Reform Act, 2 years after such ‘‘(3) the term ‘prisoner’ means any person ant to section 2 of the Revised Statutes of date of enactment. incarcerated or detained in any facility who the United States (42 U.S.C. 1988). ‘‘(B) Nothing in this section shall prevent is accused of, convicted of, sentenced for, or ‘‘(g) TELEPHONE HEARINGS.—To the extent the parties from agreeing to terminate or adjudicated delinquent for, violations of practicable, in any action brought in Federal modify relief before the relief is terminated criminal law or the terms and conditions of court pursuant to section 1979 of the Revised under subparagraph (A). parole, probation, pretrial release, or diver- Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1983) ‘‘(2) IMMEDIATE TERMINATION OF PROSPEC- sionary program; by a prisoner crime confined in any jail, pris- TIVE RELIEF.—In any civil action with re- ‘‘(4) the term ‘prisoner release order’ in- on, or other correctional facility, pretrial spect to prison conditions, a defendant or in- cludes any order, including a temporary re- proceedings in which the prisoner’s partici- tervener shall be entitled to the immediate straining order or preliminary injunctive re- pation is required or permitted shall be con- termination of any prospective relief if the lief, that has the purpose or effect of reduc- ducted by telephone without removing the relief was approved or granted in the absence ing or limiting the prison population, or that prisoner from the facility in which the pris- of a finding by the court that the relief is directs the release from or nonadmission of oner is confined. Any State may adopt a narrowly drawn, extends no further than prisoners to a prison; similar requirement regarding hearings in necessary to correct the violation of the Fed- ‘‘(5) the term ‘prison’ means any Federal, such actions in that State’s courts. eral right, and is the least intrusive means State, or local facility that incarcerates or ‘‘(h) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, necessary to correct the violation. detains juveniles or adults accused of, con- the term ‘prisoner’ means any person incar- ‘‘(3) LIMITATION.—Prospective relief shall victed of, sentenced for, or adjudicated delin- cerated or detained in any facility who is ac- not terminate if the court makes written quent for, violations of criminal law; cused of, convicted of, sentenced for, or adju- findings based on the record that prospective ‘‘(6) the term ‘prospective relief’ means all dicated delinquent for, violations of criminal relief remains necessary to correct the viola- relief other than monetary damages; and law or the terms and conditions of parole, tion of the Federal right, extends no further ‘‘(7) the term ‘relief’ means all relief in any probation, pretrial release, or diversionary than necessary to correct the violation of form that may be granted or approved by the program.’’. the Federal right, and that the prospective court, and includes consent decrees and set- SEC. 4. SUCCESSIVE CLAIMS IN PROCEEDINGS IN relief is the least intrusive means to correct tlement agreements (except a settlement FORMA PAUPERIS. the violation. agreement the breach of which is not subject Section 1915 of title 28, United States Code, ‘‘(4) TERMINATION OR MODIFICATION.—Noth- to any court enforcement other than rein- is amended by adding at the end the fol- ing in this section shall prevent any party statement of the civil proceeding that such lowing new subsection: from seeking modification or termination agreement settled).’’. ‘‘(f)(1) In no event shall a prisoner in any before the relief is terminable under para- (b) APPLICATION OF AMENDMENT.— prison bring a civil action or appeal a judg- graph (1) or (2), to the extent that modifica- (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 3626 of title 18, ment in a civil action or proceeding under tion or termination would otherwise be le- United States Code, as amended by this sec- this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more gally permissible. tion, shall apply with respect to all relief (as prior occasions, brought an action or appeal ‘‘(c) SETTLEMENTS.— defined in such section) whether such relief in a court of the United States that was dis- ‘‘(1) CONSENT DECREES.—In any civil action was originally granted or approved before, missed on the grounds that it is frivolous, with respect to prison conditions, the court on, or after the date of the enactment of this malicious, or fails to state a claim upon shall not enter or approve a consent decree Act. which relief may be granted, unless the pris- unless it complies with the limitations on re- (2) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Subsections oner is under imminent danger of serious lief set forth in subsection (a). (b) and (d) of section 20409 of the Violent bodily harm. ‘‘(2) PRIVATE SETTLEMENT AGREEMENTS.— Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of ‘‘(2) As used in this subsection, the term (A) Nothing in this section shall preclude 1994 are repealed. ‘prisoner’ means any person incarcerated or parties from entering into a private settle- (c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of detained in any facility who is accused of, ment agreement that does not comply with sections at the beginning of subchapter C of convicted of, sentenced for, or adjudicated the limitations on relief set forth in sub- chapter 229 of title 18, United States Code, is delinquent for, violations of criminal law or section (a), if the terms of that agreement amended to read as follows: the terms and conditions of parole, proba- are not subject to court enforcement other tion, pretrial release, or diversionary pro- ‘‘3626. Appropriate remedies with respect to than the reinstatement of the civil pro- gram.’’.∑ prison conditions.’’. ceeding that the agreement settled. f ‘‘(B) Nothing in this section shall preclude SEC. 3. AMENDMENTS TO CIVIL RIGHTS OF INSTI- any party claiming that a private settlement TUTIONALIZED PERSONS ACT. ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS agreement has been breached from seeking Section 7 of the Civil Rights of Institu- S. 581 in State court any remedy for breach of con- tionalized Persons Act (42 U.S.C. 1997e) is tract available under State law. amended by adding at the end the following At the request of Mr. FAIRCLOTH, the ‘‘(d) STATE LAW REMEDIES.—The limita- new subsections: names of the Senator from Mississippi tions on remedies in this section shall not ‘‘(f) ATTORNEY’S FEES.—(1) In any action [Mr. LOTT] and the Senator from Ari- apply to relief entered by a State court based brought by a prisoner who is confined to any zona [Mr. MCCAIN] were added as co- solely upon claims arising under State law. jail, prison, or other correctional facility, in sponsors of S. 581, a bill to amend the which attorney’s fees are authorized under ‘‘(e) PROCEDURE FOR MOTIONS AFFECTING National Labor Relations Act and the PROSPECTIVE RELIEF.— section 2 of the Revised Statutes of the ‘‘(1) GENERALLY.—The court shall promptly United States (42 U.S.C. 1988), such fees shall Railway Labor Act to repeal those pro- rule on any motion to modify or terminate be awarded only if— visions of Federal law that require em- prospective relief in a civil action with re- ‘‘(A) the fee was directly and reasonably ployees to pay union dues or fees as a spect to prison conditions. incurred in proving an actual violation of condition of employment, and for other ‘‘(2) AUTOMATIC STAY.—Any prospective re- the plaintiff’s rights protected by a statute purposes. pursuant to which a fee may be awarded lief subject to a pending motion shall be S. 949 automatically stayed during the period— under section 2 of the Revised Statutes; and At the request of Mr. GRAHAM, the ‘‘(A)(i) beginning on the 30th day after ‘‘(B) the amount of the fee is proportion- such motion is filed, in the case of a motion ately related to the court ordered relief for name of the Senator from Maryland made under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection the violation. [Ms. MIKULSKI] was added as a cospon- (b); or ‘‘(2) Whenever a monetary judgment is sor of S. 949, a bill to require the Sec- ‘‘(ii) beginning on the 180th day after such awarded in an action described in paragraph retary of the Treasury to mint coins in motion is filed, in the case of a motion made (1), a portion of the judgment (not to exceed commemoration of the 200th anniver- under subsection (b)(3); and 25 percent) shall be applied to satisfy the sary of the death of George Wash- ‘‘(B) ending on the date the court enters a amount of attorney’s fees awarded against ington. final order ruling on the motion. the defendant. If the award of attorney’s fees ‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— is greater than 25 percent of the judgment, S. 1093 ‘‘(1) the term ‘consent decree’ means any the excess shall be paid by the defendant. At the request of Mr. REID, the name relief entered by the court that is based in ‘‘(3) No award of attorney’s fees in an ac- of the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. whole or in part upon the consent or acquies- tion described in paragraph (1) shall be based SIMPSON) was added as a cosponsor of cence of the parties; on an hourly rate greater than the hourly S. 1093, a bill to prohibit the applica- ‘‘(2) the term ‘civil action with respect to rate established under section 3006A of title tion of the Religious Freedom Restora- prison conditions’ means any civil pro- 18, United States Code, for payment of court- tion Act of 1993, or any amendment ceeding arising under Federal law with re- appointed counsel. spect to the conditions of confinement or the ‘‘(4) Nothing in this subsection shall pro- made by such Act, to an individual who effects of actions by government officials on hibit a prisoner from entering into an agree- is incarcerated in a Federal, State, or the lives of persons confined in prison, but ment to pay an attorney’s fee in an amount local correctional, detention, or penal does not include habeas corpus proceedings greater than the amount authorized under facility, and for other purposes.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14319 S. 1108 (Mr. LAUTENBERG) was added as a co- in which the average daily winter tempera- At the request of Mr. SMITH, the sponsor of amendment No. 2776 pro- ture is below 0 degrees Fahrenheit. The pre- names of the Senator from Texas (Mr. posed to H.R. 2099, a bill making appro- ceding sentence shall not be interpreted to preclude assistance from the Environmental GRAMM) and the Senator from Wyo- priations for the Departments of Vet- Protection Agency to the State of Alaska to ming (Mr. THOMAS) were added as co- erans Affairs and Housing and Urban make progress toward meeting the carbon sponsors of S. 1108, a bill to amend the Development, and for sundry inde- monoxide standard in such areas and to re- Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow pendent agencies, boards, commissions, solve remaining issues regarding the use of individuals to designate that up to 10 corporations, and office for fiscal year oxygenated fuels in such areas. percent of their income tax liability be ending September 30, 1996, and for used to reduce the national debt, and other purposes. CHAFEE AMENDMENT NO. 2780 to require spending reductions equal to f Mr. CHAFEE proposed an amend- the amounts so designated. ment to the bill H.R. 2099, supra; as fol- AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED S. 1181 lows: At the request of Mr. STEVENS, the On page 149, line 18, insert ‘‘(for is carcino- name of the Senator from Louisiana genic effects)’’ after ‘‘arsenic’’. (Mr. BREAUX) was added as a cosponsor VA–HUD APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1996 of S. 1181, a bill to provide cost savings MIKULSKI (AND OTHERS) in the medicare program through cost- AMENDMENT NO. 2781 effective coverage of positron emission tomography (PET). INOUYE AMENDMENT NO. 2777 Ms. MIKULSKI (for herself, Mr. KEN- S. 1219 Mr. INOUYE proposed an amendment NEDY, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. BREAUX, Mr. At the request of Mr. MCCAIN, the to the bill (H.R. 2099) making appro- ROCKEFELLER, Mr. ROBB, and Mr. name of the Senator from Wyoming priations for the Departments of Vet- WELLSTONE) proposed an amendment to (Mr. SIMPSON) was added as a cosponsor erans Affairs and Housing and Urban the bill HR 2099, supra; as follows: of S. 1219, a bill to reform the financing Development, and for sundry inde- On page 27, line 5, strike ‘‘$5,594,358,000’’ of Federal elections, and for other pur- pendent agencies, boards, commissions, and insert ‘‘$5,211,358,000’’. corporations, and offices for fiscal year On page 27, line 6, insert the following poses. after ‘‘That’’: ‘‘in addition to the appropria- S. 1228 ending September 30, 1996, and for tion of $5,211,358,000 made available under At the request of Mr. D’AMATO, the other purposes, as follows: this heading, in order to achieve an effective name of the Senator from Maine (Ms. On page 22, between lines 4 and 5, insert program level of $5,594,358,000 for the ‘Annual SNOWE) was added as a cosponsor of S. the following: Contributions for Assisted Housing’ account 1228, a bill to impose sanctions on for- SEC. 111. (a) Notwithstanding any other for fiscal year 1996, in carrying out the pro- eign persons exporting petroleum prod- provision of this title, the amount appro- grams and activities specified under this priated by this title under the heading ‘‘DE- ucts, natural gas, or related technology heading, the Secretary of Housing and Urban PARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATION’’ under the Development shall use $383,000,000 from any to Iran. paragraph ‘‘CONSTRUCTION, MAJOR PROJECTS’’ combination of unobligated balances or re- S. 1237 is hereby increased by $38,000,000. captures from prior year appropriations in At the request of Mr. HATCH, the (b) Of the amount available under the para- the ‘Annual Contributions for Assisted Hous- name of the Senator from Wyoming graph referred to in subsection (a), as in- ing’ account, and from any reduction in (Mr. SIMPSON) was added as a cosponsor creased by such subsection, $38,000,000 shall amounts provided during fiscal year 1996 of S. 1237, a bill to amend certain provi- be available for construction at the Spark M. from the ‘Annual Contributions for Assisted sions of law relating to child pornog- Matsunaga Department of Veterans Affairs Housing’ account (or from the ‘Renewal of Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Expiring Section 8 Subsidies’ account) to raphy, and for other purposes. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of any public housing agency whose project re- S. 1253 this title, the amount appropriated by this serve account is determined by the Secretary At the request of Mr. ABRAHAM, the title under the heading ‘‘DEPARTMENTAL AD- of Housing and Urban Development to con- name of the Senator from Colorado MINISTRATION’’ under the paragraph ‘‘GEN- tain funds in excess of the needs of that pub- (Mr. BROWN) was added as a cosponsor ERAL OPERATING EXPENSES’’ is hereby reduced lic housing agency: Provided further, That’’. of S. 1253, a bill to amend the Con- by $38,000,000. On page 30, line 5, strike ‘‘and’’. trolled Substances Act with respect to On page 30, line 7, insert before the colon BOND (AND OTHERS) AMENDMENT the following: ‘‘; and (3) shall give priority to penalties for crimes involving cocaine, projects designated for purchase by nonprofit and for other purposes. NO. 2278 organizations in allocating any funds for the S. 1254 Mr. BOND (for himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, sale of any projects in the preservation pipe- At the request of Mr. ABRAHAM, the Mr. INOUYE, and Mr. AKAKA) proposed line’’. names of the Senator from Colorado an amendment to the bill H.R. 2099, On page 128, after line 20, insert the fol- lowing new section: (Mr. BROWN) and the Senator from Wy- supra; as follows: oming (Mr. SIMPSON) were added as co- SEC. 225. INSURANCE OF MORTGAGES UNDER On page 22, line 5, insert: ‘‘SEC. 111. The THE NATIONAL HOUSING ACT. sponsors of S. 1254, a bill to disapprove Department of Veterans Affairs shall provide Section 203(b)(2)(A) of the National Hous- of amendments to the Federal Sen- hospital care and medical services to eligible ing Act (12 U.S.C. 1709(b)(2)(A)) is amended— tencing Guidelines relating to lowering veterans in the State of Hawaii at levels (1) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘75 percent’’ of crack sentences and sentences for commensurate with levels of care provided and inserting ‘‘86 percent’’; and money laundering and transactions in in the forty-eight contiguous states. The (2) by striking ‘‘38 percent’’ and inserting property derived from unlawful activ- Secretary shall utilize the contract author- ‘‘50 percent’’. ity prescribed in 38 U.S.C. Sec. 1703 to treat ity. Beginning on page 130, strike line 19 and eligible veterans residing in the State of Ha- all that follows through page 131, line 2, and S. 1266 waii wherever appropriate.’’ insert the following: At the request of Mr. MACK, the name (INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS) of the Senator from Rhode Island (Mr. STEVENS (AND MURKOWSKI) For necessary expenses for the Corporation CHAFEE) was added as a cosponsor of S. AMENDMENT NO. 2779 for National and Community Service (re- 1266, a bill to require the Board of Gov- Mr. STEVENS (for himself and Mr. ferred to in the matter under this heading as ernors of the Federal Reserve System the ‘‘Corporation’’) in carrying out pro- to focus on price stability in estab- MURKOWSKI) proposed an amendment grams, activities, and initiatives under the lishing monetary policy to ensure the to the bill H.R. 2099, supra; as follows: National and Community Service Act of 1990 stable, long-term purchasing power of On page 151, after line 10, insert the fol- (referred to in the matter under this heading the currency, to repeal the Full Em- lowing new section: as the ‘‘Act’’) (42 U.S.C. 12501 et seq.), ployment and Balanced Growth Act of SEC. 308. None of the funds appropriated $425,000,000, of which $335,000,000 shall be 1978, and for other purposes. under this Act may be used to implement the available for obligation from September 1, requirement of section 186(b)(2), section 1996, through August 21, 1997: Provided, That AMENDMENT NO. 2776 187(b) or section 211(m) of the Clean Air Act not more than $26,000,000 shall be available At the request of Mr. BUMPERS the (42 U.S.C. 7512(b)(2), 7512a(b), or 7545(m)) with for administrative expenses authorized under name of the Senator from New Jersey respect to any moderate nonattainment area section 501(a)(4) of the Act (42 U.S.C.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00097 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 12681(a)(4)), of which not more than SEC. . HOMELESS ASSISTANCE FUNDING. the results of this study and EPA’s plan for $12,000,000 shall be for administrative ex- (a) ASSISTANCE FOR THE RENEWAL OF EXPIR- implementation. penses for State commissions pursuant to ING SECTION 8 SUBSIDY CONTRACTS.— (c) FUNDING.—For fiscal year 1996, up to section 126(a) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12576(a)): (1) REDUCED APPROPRIATION.—Notwith- $100 million of the funds appropriated to the Provided further, That not more than $2,500 standing any other provision of this Act, the Environmental Protection Agency may be shall be for official reception and representa- amount made available under title II of this used by the Administrator to support global tion expenses: Provided further, That not Act under the heading ‘‘HOUSING PROGRAMS’’ participation in the Montreal Protocol fa- more than $93,000,000, to remain available under the subheading ‘‘ASSISTANCE FOR THE cilitation fund and for the climate change without fiscal year limitation, shall be RENEWAL OF EXPIRING SECTION 8 SUBSIDY CON- action plan programs including the green transferred to the national Service Trust ac- TRACTS’’, is reduced from $4,350,862,000 to programs. count for educational awards authorized $3,990,862,000. under subtitle D of title I of the Act (42 (2) USE OF ASSISTANCE.—Notwithstanding ROCKEFELLER AMENDMENT NO. U.S.C. 12601 et seq.): Provided further, That any other provision of this Act, in using not more than $209,000,000 shall be available amounts made available under title II of this 2784 for grants under the National Service Trust Act under the heading ‘‘HOUSING PROGRAMS’’ Mr. ROCKEFELLER (for himself, Ms. program authorized under subtitle C of title under the subheading ‘‘ASSISTANCE FOR THE MIKULSKI, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. WELLSTONE, I of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12571 et seq.) (relating RENEWAL OF EXPIRING SECTION 8 SUBSIDY CON- Mr. DASCHLE, and Mr. DORGAN) pro- to activities including the Americorps pro- TRACTS’’ to renew an annual contributions gram): Provided further, That not more than posed an amendment to the bill H.R. contract with a public housing agency ad- 2099, supra; as follows: $5,000,000 shall be made available for the ministering the tenant-based existing hous- Points of Light Foundation for activities au- ing certificate program under section 8(d) of On page 16, beginning with line 20, strike thorized under title III of the Act (42 U.S.C. the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 all through page 17, line 5, and insert the fol- 12661 et seq.): Provided further, That none of U.S.C. 1437f(d)) or the housing voucher pro- lowing: the funds made available under this heading gram under section 8(o) of the United States SEC. 107. Section 105(b) of House Concur- may be used to administer, reimburse, or Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)), the rent Resolution 67 (104th Congress, 1st Ses- support any national service programs run Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop- sion) is amended to read as follows: ‘‘(b) RECONCILIATION OF REVENUE REDUC- by Federal agencies authorized under section ment shall take into account the amount in TIONS IN THE SENATE.— 121(b) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12571(b)): Provided the project reserve under the contract being further, That not more than $19,000,000 shall ‘‘(1) CERTIFICATION.—(A) In the Senate, renewed in determining the amount of budg- upon the certification pursuant to section be available for the Civilian Community et authority to obligate under the renewed Corps authorized under subtitle E of title I of 205(a) of this resolution, the Senate Com- contract. mittee on Finance shall submit its rec- the Act (42 U.S.C. 12611 et seq.): Provided fur- (b) HOMELESS ASSISTANCE.— ommendations, the Committee on the Budg- ther, That not more than $43,000,000 shall be (1) INCREASED APPROPRIATION.—Notwith- et shall add such recommendations to the available for school-based and community- standing any other provision of this Act, the recommendations submitted pursuant to based service-learning programs authorized amount made available under title II of this subsection (a) and report a reconciliation under subtitle B of title I of the Act (42 Act under the heading ‘‘HOMELESS ASSIST- bill carrying out all such recommendations U.S.C. 12521 et seq.): Provided further, That ANCE’’ under the subheading ‘‘HOMELESS AS- not more than $25,000,000 shall be available without any substantive revision. SISTANCE GRANTS’’ is increased from ‘‘(B) The Chair of the Committee on the for quality and innovation activities author- $760,000,000 to $1,120,000,000. ized under subtitle H of title I of the Act (42 budget shall file with the Senate revised al- (2) RESTRICTION.—Notwithstanding section locations, aggregates, and discretionary U.S.C. 12653 et seq.): Provided further, That 504 or any other provision of this Act, of the not more than $5,000,000 shall be available for spending limits under section 201(a)(1)(B) in- funds made available under title II of this creasing budget authority by $17,000,000,000 audits and other evaluations authorized Act under the heading ‘‘HOMELESS ASSIST- under section 179 of the Act (42 U.S.C. 12639): and outlays by $150,000,000. ANCE’’ UNDER THE SUBHEADING ‘‘HOMELESS AS- ‘‘(2) COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.—Funding for Provided further, That no funds from any SISTANCE GRANTS’’, $360,000,000 shall not be- this section shall be provided by limiting other appropriation, or from funds otherwise come available for obligation until Sep- any tax cut provided in the reconciliation made available to the Corporation, shall be tember 30, 1996, and shall remain available bill to families with incomes less than used to pay for personnel compensation and until expended. $100,000.’’. benefits, travel, or any other administrative expense for the Board of Directors, the Office of the Chief Executive Officer, the Office of JEFFORDS (AND OTHERS) ROCKEFELLER AMENDMENT NO. the Managing Director, the Office of the AMENDMENT NO. 2783 2785 Chief Financial Officer, the Office of Na- Mr. JEFFORDS (for himself, Mr. Mr. ROCKEFELLER (for himself, Ms. tional and Community Service Programs, BINGAMAN, Mr. CHAFEE, Ms. SNOWE, Mr. MIKULSKI, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. DASCHLE, the Civilian Community Corps, or any field office or staff of the Corporation working on DASCHLE, Mr. SIMON, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. and Mr. WELLSTONE) proposed an the National and Community Service or Ci- LIEBERMAN, Mr. KOHL, Mr. KERRY, Mr. amendment to the bill H.R. 2099, supra; vilian Community Corps programs: Provided BUMPERS, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. COHEN, Mr. as follows: further, That none of the funds made avail- LUGAR, Mr. WELLSTONE, and Mr. ROBB) On page 8, line 10, strike ‘‘$16,450,000,000’’ able under this heading may be obligated proposed an amendment to the bill and insert ‘‘$16,961,487,000’’. until the earlier of the date on which the H.R. 2099, supra; as follows: On page 22, between lines 4 and 5, insert Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation the following: On page 151, line 11, insert: submits a plan to Congress to restructure SEC. 111. Section 105(b) of House Concur- the National Service Trust program author- SEC. . ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SUP- rent Resolution 67 (104th Congress, 1st Ses- ized under subtitle C of title I of the Act (re- PLY PROGRAMS. sion) is amended to read as follows: lating to activities including the Americorps (a) PRIORITY FOR SMALL BUSINESSES.—Dur- ‘‘(b) RECONCILIATION OF REVENUE REDUC- program) in accordance with a budget small- ing fiscal year 1996 the Administrator of the TIONS IN THE SENATE.— er than the budget requested for the program Environmental Protection Agency shall give ‘‘(1) CERTIFICATION.—(A) In the Senate, in the President’s fiscal year 1996 budget, or priority in providing assistance in its Energy upon the certification pursuant to section the date of enactment of an Act that reau- Efficiency and Energy Supply programs to 205(a) of this resolution, the Senate Com- thorizes the National and Community Serv- organizations that are recognized as small mittee on Finance shall submit its rec- ice Act of 1990. business concerns under section 3(a) of the ommendations pursuant to paragraph (2) to Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632 (a)). the Senate Committee on the Budget. After OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL (b) STUDY.—The Administrator shall per- receiving the recommendations, the Com- For necessary expenses of the Office of In- form a study to determine the feasibility of mittee on the Budget shall add such rec- spector General in carrying out the provi- establishing fees to recover all reasonable ommendations to the recommendations sub- sions of the Inspector General Act of 1978, costs incurred by EPA for assistance ren- mitted pursuant to subsection (a) and report $1,500,000. dered businesses in its Energy Efficiency and a reconciliation bill carrying out all such Energy Supply program. The study shall in- recommendations without any substantive SARBANES (AND OTHERS) clude, among other things, an evaluation of revision. AMENDMENT NO. 2782 making the Energy Efficiency and Energy ‘‘(B) The Chair of the Committee on the Mr. SARBANES (for himself, Mr. Supply program self-sustaining, the value of Budget shall file with the Senate revised al- the assistance rendered to businesses, pro- locations, aggregates, and discretionary SIMON, and Mr. DODD) proposed an viding exemptions for small businesses, and spending limits under section 201(a)(1)(B) in- amendment to the bill H.R. 2099, supra; making the fees payable directly to a fund creasing budget authority by $511,487,000 and as follows: that would be available for use by EPA as outlays by $511,487,000. At the appropriate place in title II of the needed for this program. The Administrator ‘‘(2) COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.—Funding for bill, insert the following new section: shall report to Congress by March 15, 1996 on this section shall be provided by limiting

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00098 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14321 any tax cut provided in the reconciliation 180 days after the date of the enactment of RECORD notices of Senate employees bill to families with incomes less than this Act. who participate in programs, the prin- $100,000.’’. (d) PLAN IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary cipal objective of which is educational, shall implement the plan developed under sponsored by a foreign government or a subsection (a) within 60 days of submitting foreign educational or charitable orga- BAUCUS (AND OTHERS) such plan to Congress under subsection (b), AMENDMENT NO. 2786 unless within such period the Secretary noti- nization involving travel to a foreign country paid for by that foreign gov- Mr. BAUCUS (for himself, Ms. MIKUL- fies the appropriate Committees of Congress ernment or organization. SKI, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. that such plan will not be implemented along with an explanation of why such plan LIEBERMAN, and Mr. REID) proposed an The select committee received notification will not be implemented. amendment to the bill H.R. 2099, supra; under rule 35 for Walter Lohman, a member as follows: f of the staff of Senator MCCAIN, to participate in a program in India sponsored by the Con- At the appropriate place in title III, insert AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO federation of Indian Industry from August 26 the following: MEET to September 3, 1995. SEC. 3 . APPLICATION OF LIMITATIONS ON IM- COMMITTEE ON FINANCE The committee determined that no Federal PLEMENTATION OR ENFORCEMENT statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- OF CERTAIN LAWS. Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- ticipation by Mr. Lohman in this program. Any prohibition or limitation in this Act imous consent that the Committee on The select committee received notification on the implementation or enforcement of Finance be permitted to meet Tuesday, under rule 35 for Sean O’Donnell, a member any law administered by the Administrator September 26, 1995, beginning at 9 a.m. of the staff of Senator GORTON, to partici- of the Environmental Protection Agency in room SH–216, to conduct a mark up pate in a program in Hong Kong sponsored shall not apply if the Administrator deter- of spending recommendations for the by the Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce mines that application of the prohibition or from August 28 to September 4, 1995. limitation would diminish the protection of budget reconciliation legislation. human health or the environment otherwise The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The committee determined that no Federal provided by law. objection, it is so ordered. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- ticipation by Mr. O’Donnell in this program. COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS The select committee received notification MCCAIN AMENDMENT NO. 2787 Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- under rule 35 for Steve Phillips, a member of imous consent that the Committee on the staff of Senator HELMS, to participate in Mr. MCCAIN proposed an amendment Foreign Relations be authorized to a program in Korea sponsored by the Korean to the bill H.R. 2099, supra; as follows: meet during the session of the Senate Government from August 19–25, 1995. At the appropriate place; insert: on Tuesday, September 26, 1995, at 2 The committee determined that no Federal SEC. . PLAN FOR ALLOCATION OF HEALTH CARE p.m. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- RESOURCES BY DEPARTMENT OF ticipation by Mr. Philips in this program. VETERANS AFFAIRS. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. The select committee received notification (a) PLAN.—(1) The Secretary of Veterans under rule 35 for Russell Rockwell, a member COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND HUMAN RESOURCES Affairs shall develop a plan for the alloca- of the staff of Senator SANTORUM, to partici- tion of health care resources (including per- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- pate in a program in Taiwan sponsored by sonnel and funds) of the Department of Vet- imous consent that the Committee on the Tamkang University from August 16–23, erans Affairs among the health care facili- Labor and Human Resources be author- 1995. ties of the Department so as to ensure that ized to meet for an executive session, The committee determined that no Federal veterans having similar economic status, eli- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- gibility priority and, or, similar medical during the session of the Senate on ticipation by Mr. Rockwell in this program. conditions who are eligible for medical care Tuesday, September 26, 1995, at 9 a.m. The select committee received notification in such facilities have similar access to such The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without under rule 35 for Holidae Hayes, a member of care in such facilities regardless of the re- objection, it is so ordered. the staff of Senator D’AMATO, to participate gion of the United States in which such vet- SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, TECHNOLOGY, in a program in Mexico sponsored by the erans reside. AND GOVERNMENT INFORMATION Mexican Business Coordinating Council from (2) The Plan shall reflect, to the maximum Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- August 22–25, 1995. extent possible, the Veterans integrated Service Network, as well as the Resource imous consent that the Subcommittee The committee determined that no Federal Planning and Management System developed on Terrorism, Technology, and Govern- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- by the Department of Veterans Affairs to ac- ment Information of the Senate Com- ticipation by Ms. Hayes in this program. count for forecasts in expected workload and mittee on the Judiciary, be authorized The select committee received notification to ensure fairness to facilities that provide to meet during a session of the Senate under rule 35 for Corbin Stone, a member of cost-efficient health care, and shall include on Tuesday, September 26, 1995, at 10 the staff of Senator SIMON, to participate in procedures to identify reasons for variations a program in Taiwan sponsored by the Chi- a.m., in Senate Dirksen room 106, on nese Culture University from August 17–24, in operating costs among similar facilities ‘‘Ruby Ridge Incident’’. and ways to improve the allocation of re- 1995. sources so as to promote efficient use of re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The committee determined that no Federal sources and provision of quality health care. objection, it is so ordered. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- (3) The Secretary shall prepare the plan in f ticipation by Mr. Stone in this program. consultation with the Under Secretary of The select committee received notification Health of the Department of Veterans Af- ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS under rule 35 for Mark Ashby, a member of fairs. the staff of Senator BREAUX, to participate (b) PLAN ELEMENTS.—The plan under sub- in a program in China sponsored by the Chi- section (a) shall set forth— NOTICE OF DETERMINATION BY nese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs (1) milestones for achieving the goal re- THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON from August 14–27, 1995. ferred to in that subsection; and ETHICS UNDER RULE 35, PARA- The committee determined that no Federal (2) a means of evaluating the success of the GRAPH 4, REGARDING EDU- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- Secretary in meeting the goals through the CATIONAL TRAVEL ticipation by Mark Ashby in this program. plan. The select committee received notification ∑ (c) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—The Sec- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, it under rule 35 for Brent Franzel, a member of retary shall submit to Congress the plan de- is required by paragraph 4 of rule 35 the staff of Senator D’AMATO, to participate veloped under subsection (a) not later than that I place in the CONGRESSIONAL in a program in Mexico sponsored by the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00099 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 Mexican Business Coordinating Council from The select committee received notification The select committee received notification August 22–25, 1995. under rule 35 for Senators MURKOWSKI, SIMP- under rule 35 for Robert Carey, a member of The committee determined that no Federal SON, HEFLIN, LOTT, BRYAN, BURNS, and the staff of Senator ABRAHAM, to participate statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- AKAKA, and their respective spouses; and in a program in Taiwan sponsored by ticipation by Mr. Franzel in this program. Gregg Renkes, David Garman, Karen Tamkang University from August 23–30, 1995. Hunsicker, David Fish, Bob Simon, members The select committee received notification The committee determined that no Federal of the staff of Senator MURKOWSKI; and Jan under rule 35 for Amy Dunathan, a member statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- Paulk, member of the staff of Senator DOLE, of the staff of Senator CHAFEE, to participate ticipation by Mr. Carey in this program. in a program in China sponsored by the Chi- to participate in a program in Sweden spon- nese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs sored by the United States and Swedish Gov- The select committee received notification from August 15–27, 1995. ernments from April 17–24, 1995. under rule 35 for Kristin Peck, a member of The committee determined that no Federal The committee determined that no Federal the staff of Senator HELMS, to participate in statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- a program in Taiwan sponsored by the Chi- ticipation by Ms. Dunathan in this program. ticipation by Senators and staff in this pro- nese Culture University from August 17–24, The select committee received notification gram. 1995. under rule 35 for Derek Schmidt, a member The select committee received notification The committee determined that no Federal of the staff of Senator KASSEBAUM to partici- under rule 35 for William Triplett, a member statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- pate in a program in China sponsored by the of the staff of Senator BENNETT, to partici- ticipation by Ms. Peck in this program. Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs pate in a program in India sponsored by the The select committee received notification from August 15–27, 1995. Confederation of Indian Industry from Au- under rule 35 for John Mashburn, a member The committee determined that no Federal gust 27 to September 3, 1995. of the staff of Senator ASHCROFT to partici- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- The committee determined that no Federal pate in a program in Mexico sponsored by ticipation by Mr. Schmidt in this program. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- the Mexican Business Coordinating Council The select committee received notification ticipation by Mr. Triplett in this program. from August 22–25, 1995. under rule 35 for William Triplett, a member The select committee received notification of the staff of Senator BENNETT, to partici- under rule 35 for Sharon Soderstrom, a mem- The committee determined that no Federal pate in a program in Taiwan sponsored by ber of the staff of Senator COATS, to partici- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- the Tamkang University from August 16–23, pate in a program in China sponsored by the ticipation by Mr. Mashburn in this program. 1995. Chinese People’s Institute for Foreign Af- fairs from August 15–29, 1995. The select committee received notification The committee determined that no Federal under rule 35 for Molly Dye, a member of the statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- The committee determined that no Federal statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- staff of Senator COVERDELL, to participate in ticipation by Mr. Triplett in this program. ticipation by Ms. Soderstrom in this pro- a program in Taiwan sponsored by the The select committee received notification gram. Tamkang University from August 16–23, 1995. under rule 35 for Eric Silagy, a member of The select committee received notification The committee determined that no Federal the staff of Senator JOHNSTON, to participate under rule 35 for Tamera Santon, a member statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- in a program in China sponsored by the Chi- of the staff of Senator ROCKEFELLER, to par- ticipation by Ms. Dye in this program. nese People’s Institute for Foreign Affairs ticipate in a program in Taiwan sponsored from August 19–27, 1995. The select committee received notification by the Chinese Culture University from Au- The committee determined that no Federal under rule 35 for Daniel Bob, a member of gust 17–24, 1995. the staff of Senator ROTH, to participate in a statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- The committee determined that no Federal program in Japan sponsored by the Japanese ticipation by Mr. Silagy in this program. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- Ministry of Foreign Affairs from September The select committee received notification ticipation by Ms. Stanton in this program. 11–17, 1995. under rule 35 for Randy Rydell, a member of The select committee received notification the staff of Senator GLENN, to participate in under rule 35 for Lori Staley, a member of The committee determined that no Federal a program in India sponsored by the Confed- the staff of Senator BURNS, to participate in statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- eration of Indian Industry from August 26 to a program in China sponsored by the Chinese ticipation by Mr. Bob in this program. September 3, 1995. People’s Institute for Foreign Affairs from The committee determined that no Federal The select committee received notification August 13–19, 1995. under rule 35 for Elizabeth Wilson, a member statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- The committee determined that no Federal ticipation by Mr. Rydell in this program. of the staff of Senator HELMS, to participate statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- in a program in Germany sponsored by The select committee received notification ticipation by Ms. Staley in this program. under rule 35 for T. Scott Bunton, a member Friendship in Freedom from September 2–9, The select committee received notification 1995. of the staff of Senator KERRY, to participate under rule 35 for Paul Matulic, a member of in a program in China sponsored by the Chi- the staff of Senator HATCH, to participate in The committee determined that no Federal nese Culture University from August 17–24, a program in Taiwan sponsored by the Chi- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- 1995. nese Cultural University from August 17–24, ticipation by Ms. Wilson in this program. The committee determined that no Federal 1995. The select committee received notification statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- The committee determined that no Federal under rule 35 for Senator and Mrs. BRADLEY ticipation by Mr. Bunton in this program. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- to participate in a program in Italy spon- The select committee received notification ticipation by Mr. Matulic in this program. sored by the Ambrosetti Group from Sep- under rule 35 for Chad Calvert, a member of The select committee received notification tember 1–5, 1995. the staff of Senator SIMPSON, to participate under rule 35 for Kraig Siracuse, a member of The committee determined that no Federal in a program in Hong Kong sponsored by the the staff of Senator D’AMATO, to participate statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in a program in Korean sponsored by the ticipation by Senator and Mrs. Bradley in from August 28 to September 4, 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs from August 19– this program. The committee determined that no Federal 26, 1995. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- The committee determined that no Federal The select committee received notification ticipation by Mr. Calvert in this program. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- under rule 35 for Elizabeth Lambird, a mem- The select committee received notification ticipation by Mr. Siracuse in this program. ber of the staff of Senator HELMS, to partici- under rule 35 for Daniel Bob, a member of The select committee received notification pate in a program in Hong Kong sponsored the staff of Senator ROTH, to participate in a under rule 35 for Ellen Cahill, a member of by the Hong Kong General Chamber of Com- program in Japan sponsored by the Japanese the staff of Senator MCCAIN, to participate merce from August 28 to September 4, 1995. Ministry of Foreign Affairs from September in a program in Taiwan sponsored by the The committee determined that no Federal 11–17, 1995. Soochow University from August 20–26, 1995. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- The committee determined that no Federal The committee determined that no Federal ticipation by Ms. Lambird in this program. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- ticipation by Mr. Bob in this program. ticipation by Ms. Cahill in this program. The select committee received notification The select committee received notification The select committee received notification under rule 35 for Marc Thiessen, a member of under rule 35 for Andrew Brack, a member of under rule 35 for William Rosenau, a member the staff of Senator HELMS, to participate in a program in Hong Kong sponsored by the the staff of Senator HOLLINGS, to participate of the staff of Senator SPECTER, to partici- in a program in Taiwan sponsored by pate in a program in Taiwan sponsored by Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce from Au- Tamkang University from August 16–23, 1995. Tamkang University from August 20–26, 1995. gust 28 to September 4, 1995. The committee determined that no Federal The committee determined that no Federal The committee determined that no Federal statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- ticipation by Mr. Brack in this program. ticipation by Mr. Rosenau in this program. ticipation by Mr. Thiessen in this program.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00100 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14323 The select committee received notification PROVISIONS OF THE FOREIGN OP- international coalition during the Per- under rule 35 for Gregory McGinity, a mem- ERATIONS APPROPRIATIONS sian Gulf war. I appreciate the signifi- ber of the staff of Senator COCHRAN, to par- BILL PERTAINING TO TURKEY cant contributions Turkey has made to ticipate in a program in China sponsored by reasonable action and discourse in the the Chinese Culture University from August ∑ Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, the Sen- 22–29, 1995. ate recently adopted two amendments Moslem world. I would like for Turkey The committee determined that no Federal to the foreign operations appropria- and the United States to be close co- statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- tions bill which I think deserve further operating friendly allies. I do not relish ticipation by Mr. McGinity in this program. comment. the idea of taking punitive measures The select committee received notification The first of these, an amendment of- against a valued NATO ally, but we under rule 35 for Sean O’Donnell, a member fered by Senator DOLE, will prohibit must look at the relationship across a of the staff of Senator GORTON, to partici- U.S. assistance from going to any spectrum of issues and in many areas pate in a program in Taiwan sponsored by country that impedes the delivery of Turkey comes up short. The Turkish the Soochow University from August 6–12, U.S. humanitarian assistance. I am a occupation in Cyprus just entered its 1995. cosponsor of this amendment, as well third decade and there seems to be lit- The committee determined that no Federal as of the original legislation on the tle movement toward a settlement. statute or Senate rule would prohibit par- subject, the Humanitarian Aid Cor- The United States State Department ticipation by Mr. O’Donnell in this pro- gram.∑ ridors Act, and I believe strongly in the reported that, despite constant urgings principle which it reflects. Countries from the Western community, human that block our humanitarian efforts rights abuses in Turkey worsened last f should not be receiving our foreign aid. year. This behavior is incompatible I wish that such legislation were not with Turkey’s drive for inclusion in the JASON REESE—YOUTH OF THE necessary, but unfortunately the third European Union. Because all other YEAR largest recipient of United States for- means of delivering the message and ∑ Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, eign aid, Turkey, continues to prevent securing altered behavior have failed, I Jason Reese is a remarkable young the delivery of most humanitarian as- agree that we are reduced to using the man who is attending the University of sistance to neighboring Armenia. We few remaining vehicles available to de- Tennessee as a national merit scholar. can no longer ignore this situation. liver our message, a reduction of our He was named last week as the Boys After enduring mass slaughter at the assistance. and Girls Clubs of America ‘‘Youth of hands of the Ottoman Empire, and Like many of my colleagues, I want the Year.’’ I join all my fellow Ten- more than 60 years under the repres- Turkey to continue as a trusted ally, nesseans in saluting Jason, and wish- sive rule of the Soviet Union, Armenia but we cannot let our desire for good ing him well as he enters college. has been embroiled since achieving relations blind us to Turkey’s flaws. I independence 4 years ago in a bloody I ask that an article that appeared in am pleased that Senator DOLE’s dispute with Azerbaijan to its east and the October 2, 1995, edition of U.S. amendment was adopted and I hope has been subjected to an economic News & World Report be printed in the that the Turkish leadership receives blockade by Turkey on the west. The RECORD. the message sent by both amend- United States and the rest of the West- ments—our relationship since the cold The article follows: ern community have provided humani- war has changed and Turkey’s stra- [From the U.S. News & World Report, Oct. 2, tarian aid to help reduce the severe tegic location is no longer enough to 1995] shortages of fuel, food, and other essen- shield them from the bright light of BOOTSTRAPS—TRYING IN TENNESSEE tial supplies. Unfortunately, Turkey international scrutiny. I also hope that (By Dorian Friedman) has maintained a blockade on the most Turkey’s response will not be intran- efficient land routes, thereby greatly sigence and obstinacy, but instead will As an introverted child from a troubled complicating this relief effort. be recognition that this message comes family, Jason Reese never imagined himself I had hoped that diplomacy alone as a role model. So when a young neighbor from a nation and a people that values saw him recently on TV and told him ‘‘he could ensure the delivery of the much- our friendship and wants our future re- wanted to grow up to be like me, it just needed assistance to Armenia. How- lations to be friendly and cooperative about made me cry.’’ Jason wasn’t alone: ever, the lack of progress on the diplo- and will ensure they are friendly and There were more than a few teary-eyed ad- matic front and my commitment to en- cooperative if Turkey will comport mirers in a Capitol Hill audience last week suring the unrestricted delivery of hu- itself in accord with established stand- when the Boys & Girls Clubs of America manitarian assistance to Armenia—and ards of behavior for sovereign states.∑ named the 18-year-old its National Youth of my commitment to the important prin- the Year. ciple of permitting unrestricted hu- f Abandoned by his father as an infant and manitarian assistance to the civilian MEMORIAL TO M. SGT. CARL shuttled between grandparents and a strug- casualties of any nation—have con- gling single mother, Jason was raised in ‘‘the BILLIG vinced me that Senator DOLE’s legisla- projects’’ of Morristown, Tenn, a neighbor- ∑ hood where drug dealing and gunfire were tion is necessary. I believe it is the Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, not uncommon. A haven where Jason found most effective avenue to bring pressure this morning, the family of retired M. surrogate fathers and friends was the local to bear on those hindering the delivery Sgt. Carl Billig said their final fare- Boys & Girls Club. There, he tutored the of humanitarian assistance to Arme- wells to this devoted husband, father, younger school kids, helped run park clean- nia. and war veteran who passed away on ups and food drives and pitched in at a nurs- The second amendment I wish to dis- Friday, September 22, 1995. ing home. He also worked at a local auto- cuss also affected Turkey and, had it Sergeant Billig’s dying wish was to parts company, tended to his two little been adopted, would have capped receive his long-sought military brothers so there mother could finish college and maintained nearly perfect grades in United States economic assistance to awards and medals. After more than a school. He graduated from Morristown High Turkey at $21 million. I also cospon- year of trying to track down those West this year as a National Merit scholar sored this amendment, offered by Sen- medals, they finally arrived 2 days be- and drew a full scholarship to the University ator D’AMATO as a way of expressing to fore his death. In a touching ceremony, of Tennessee, where he will study biology our Turkish allies our extreme dis- Sergeant Billig’s family gathered at and chemistry in hopes of becoming a doctor. appointment with their continued in- the home around his bed where he lie As Youth of the Year, he voiced a message transigence in Cyprus, their deplorable terminally ill with cancer. The family to other teenagers: ‘‘Stay determined, pur- human rights record in dealing with looked on as Maj. Martin Harris pre- sue your dreams and never let anybody tell the Kurdish insurgency in southeastern sented Sergeant Billig with 14 military you that you can’t get there.’’ That approach medals and badges—including the Pur- was taken long ago by another Boys Club Turkey, and their continuing land product—originally from a place called blockade of Armenia. ple Heart and the Award of Meritorious Hope—who told Jason and the other finalists I am well aware of the important Service in recognition of his 23 years of how proud he was of them in the Oval Of- strategic role that Turkey played dur- service spanning World War II through fice.∑ ing the cold war and of its role in the the Vietnam conflict.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00101 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 In a final act of patriotism, Sergeant DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPRO- sitions (end-of-year): Provided, That the Dis- Billig mustered all of his strength to PRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR trict of Columbia Housing Finance Agency, return Major Harris’ salute. His eyes 1996 established by section 201 of the District of brightened as he recognized the great Columbia Housing Finance Agency Act, ef- The text of the bill (S. 1244) making fective March 3, 1979 (D.C. Law 2–135; D.C. honors being paid to him by those appropriations for the government of Code, sec. 45–2111), based upon its capability gathered about him. Following that sa- the District of Columbia and other ac- of repayments as determined each year by lute, his hand dropped to his side, still tivities chargeable in whole or in part the Council of the District of Columbia from holding it in the salute position and against the revenues of said District the Housing Finance Agency’s annual au- soon his eyes closed, never to open for the fiscal year ending September 30, dited financial statements to the Council of again. the District of Columbia, shall repay to the 1996, and for other purposes, as passed general fund an amount equal to the appro- Sergeant Billig was discharged from by the Senate on September 22, 1995, is priated administrative costs plus interest at the Army 25 years ago. He had been ac- as follows: a rate of four percent per annum for a term tively working to obtain his medals for S. 1244 of 15 years, with a deferral of payments for the last 17 months, but to no avail. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- the first three years: Provided further, That Letters were answered with form re- resentatives of the United States of America in notwithstanding the foregoing provision, the obligation to repay all or part of the sponses that they were working on it. Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the amounts due shall be subject to the rights of Carl’s body wasted and weakened with Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the the owners of any bonds or notes issued by lung cancer and knowing his time was District of Columbia for the fiscal year end- the Housing Finance Agency and shall be re- short, he chose to stay at home during ing September 30, 1996, and for other pur- paid to the District of Columbia government his final days. But Carl continued to poses, namely: only from available operating revenues of express his great desire to receive his TITLE I the Housing Finance Agency that are in ex- cess of the amounts required for debt service, military medals before his death. He FISCAL YEAR 1996 APPROPRIATIONS told friends and family he wished to be reserve funds, and operating expenses: Pro- FEDERAL PAYMENT TO THE DISTRICT OF vided further, That upon commencement of buried in full military uniform, com- COLUMBIA the debt service payments, such payments plete with all medals and ribbons. For payment to the District of Columbia shall be deposited into the general fund of Hospice nurse Lori Olsen Marks over- for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, the District of Columbia. $660,000,000, as authorized by section 502(a) of heard him express this dying wish and the District of Columbia Self-Government PUBLIC SAFETY AND JUSTICE on September 14 contacted my office to and Governmental Reorganization Act, Pub- see if I could help in any way. She Public safety and justice, including pur- lic Law 93-198, as amended (D.C. Code, sec. chase of 135 passenger-carrying vehicles for sensed the urgency of Carl’s wish and 47–3406.1). replacement only, including 130 for police- said his physicians felt there might FEDERAL CONTRIBUTION TO RETIREMENT type use and five for fire-type use, without only be 3 to 4 weeks left to obtain his FUNDS regard to the general purchase price limita- honors. My office immediately con- For the Federal contribution to the Police tion for the current fiscal year, $960,747,000 tacted the U.S. Army. In her typical, Officers and Fire Fighters’, Teachers’, and and 11,544 full-time equivalent positions caring style, Margaret Tyler, Congres- Judges’ Retirement Funds, as authorized by (end-of-year): Provided, That the Metropoli- sional Liaison for the Army, began the District of Columbia Retirement Reform tan Police Department is authorized to re- Act, approved November 17, 1979 (93 Stat. 866; place not to exceed 25 passenger-carrying ve- work on the request. On September 19, Public Law 96–122), $52,000,000. hicles and the Fire Department of the Dis- Carl’s son Tom called to say it ap- DIVISION OF EXPENSES trict of Columbia is authorized to replace peared to be only a matter of hours. The following amounts are appropriated not to exceed five passenger-carrying vehi- His father was in great pain and was for the District of Columbia for the current cles annually whenever the cost of repair to having increasing difficulty breathing. fiscal year out of the general fund of the Dis- any damaged vehicle exceeds three-fourths of the cost of the replacement: Provided fur- Another call was made to the Army. trict of Columbia, except as otherwise spe- cifically provided. ther, That not to exceed $500,000 shall be Margaret Tyler contacted Gail Goers- available from this appropriation for the GOVERNMENTAL DIRECTION AND SUPPORT Wurmb and Vicki Ramoni in Philadel- Chief of Police for the prevention and detec- phia and St. Louis. Within the hour, Governmental direction and support, tion of crime: Provided further, That the Met- these women had obtained all author- $150,721,000 and 1,465 full-time equivalent po- ropolitan Police Department shall provide sitions (end of year): Provided, That not to quarterly reports to the Committees on Ap- izations and worked into the night to exceed $2,500 for the Mayor, $2,500 for the locate all of the awards and thought- propriations of the House and Senate on ef- Chairman of the Council of the District of forts to increase efficiency and improve the fully had Carl Billig’s name engraved Columbia, and $2,500 for the City Adminis- professionalism in the department: Provided on each medal. An overnight carrier trator shall be available from this appropria- further, That notwithstanding any other pro- was located, and almost in miracle tion for expenditures for official purposes: vision of law, or Mayor’s Order 86–45, issued fashion, the package arrived the next Provided further, That any program fees col- March 18, 1986, the Metropolitan Police De- morning in Idaho Falls. lected from the issuance of debt shall be partment’s delegated small purchase author- available for the payment of expenses of the ity shall be $500,000: Provided further, That An awards ceremony was quickly debt management program of the District of the District of Columbia government may scheduled. Major Harris of the Idaho Columbia: Provided further, That no revenues not require the Metropolitan Police Depart- National Guard, hospice administrator, from Federal sources shall be used to support ment to submit to any other procurement re- Keith Hale, Ina Gillies of Veterans Af- the operations or activities of the Statehood view process, or to obtain the approval of or fairs, and Dixie Richardson of my office Commission and Statehood Compact Com- be restricted in any manner by any official mission: Provided further, That the District prepared the presentation. or employee of the District of Columbia gov- of Columbia shall identify the sources of ernment, for purchases that do not exceed Carl Billig’s family says he lived by funding for Admission to Statehood from its $500,000: Provided further, That $250,000 is used his motto, ‘‘You do whatever must be own locally-generated revenues: Provided fur- for the Georgetown Summer Detail; $200,000 done, in order to accomplish a task ther, That $29,500,000 is used for a pay-as-you- is used for East of the River Detail; $100,000 * * * especially when you have been go capital project of which $28,000,000 is is used for Adams Morgan Detail; and $100,000 available to develop and implement a new fi- given an assignment to do something is used for the Capitol Hill Summer Detail: nancial management information system Provided further, That the Metropolitan Po- for your country.’’ Carl Billig lived and $1,500,000 is available for a needs assess- doing whatever needed to be done, and lice Department shall employ an authorized ment study: Provided further, That the Dis- level of sworn officers not to be less than in his final hours, many people pulled trict of Columbia Financial Responsibility 3,800 sworn officers for the fiscal year ending together to honor this fine man. and Management Assistance Authority shall September 30, 1996: Provided further, That the have given prior approval to the work plan Carl Billig’s family have expressed District of Columbia shall house no more and procurement documents for necessary than 1,000 inmates in its community correc- their deepest appreciation many times hardware and software before work on phase for the kindness and concern shown by tional centers, District operated or con- 3, as described in the Authority’s August 15, tracted, on any given date: Provided further, all who answered a man’s dying wish 1995 report, is begun. That funds appropriated for expenses under with such expediency. They say their ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION the District of Columbia Criminal Justice faith in people, and in their govern- Economic development and regulation, Act, approved September 3, 1974 (88 Stat. ment have been renewed.∑ $142,711,000 and 1,692 full-time equivalent po- 1090; Public Law 93–412; D.C. Code, sec. 11–

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00102 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14325 2601 et seq.), for the fiscal year ending Sep- the Arts and Humanities: Provided, That the Public Law 95–131; D.C. Code, sec. 9–219, tember 30, 1996, shall be available for obliga- public schools of the District of Columbia note), including interest as required thereby, tions incurred under the Act in each fiscal are authorized to accept not to exceed 31 $257,787,000. year since inception in the fiscal year 1975: motor vehicles for exclusive use in the driver REPAYMENT OF GENERAL FUND RECOVERY Provided further, That funds appropriated for education program: Provided further, That DEBT expenses under the District of Columbia Ne- not to exceed $2,500 for the Superintendent of glect Representation Equity Act of 1984, ef- Schools, $2,500 for the President of the Uni- For the purpose of eliminating the fective March 13, 1985 (D.C. Law 5–129; D.C. versity of the District of Columbia, and $331,589,000 general fund accumulated deficit Code, sec. 16–2304), for the fiscal year ending $2,000 for the Public Librarian shall be avail- as of September 30, 1990, $38,678,000, as au- September 30, 1996, shall be available for ob- able from this appropriation for expenditures thorized by section 461(a) of the District of ligations incurred under the Act in each fis- for official purposes: Provided further, That Columbia Self-Government and Govern- cal year since inception in the fiscal year this appropriation shall not be available to mental Reorganization Act, approved De- 1985: Provided further, That funds appro- subsidize the education of nonresidents of cember 24, 1973, as amended (105 Stat. 540; priated for expenses under the District of Co- the District of Columbia at the University of Public Law 102–106; D.C. Code, sec. 47–321(a)). lumbia Guardianship, Protective Pro- the District of Columbia, unless the Board of REPAYMENT OF INTEREST ON SHORT-TERM ceedings, and Durable Power of Attorney Act Trustees of the University of the District of BORROWING of 1986, effective February 27, 1987 (D.C. Law Columbia adopts, for the fiscal year ending For repayment of interest on short-term 6–204; D. C. Code, sec. 21–2060), for the fiscal September 30, 1996, a tuition rate schedule borrowing, $9,698,000. year ending September 30, 1996, shall be that will establish the tuition rate for non- PAY RENEGOTIATION OR REDUCTION IN available for obligations incurred under the resident students at a level no lower than COMPENSATION Act in each fiscal year since inception in fis- the nonresident tuition rate charged at com- cal year 1989: Provided further, That not to parable public institutions of higher edu- The Mayor shall reduce appropriations and exceed $1,500 for the Chief Judge of the Dis- cation in the metropolitan area. expenditures for personal services in the trict of Columbia Court of Appeals, $1,500 for HUMAN SUPPORT SERVICES amount of $46,409,000, by decreasing rates of compensation for District government em- the Chief Judge of the Superior Court of the Human support services, $1,859,622,000 and ployees; such decreased rates are to be real- District of Columbia, and $1,500 for the Exec- 6,469 full-time equivalent positions (end-of- ized for employees who are subject to collec- utive Officer of the District of Columbia year): Provided, That $26,000,000 of this appro- tive bargaining agreements to the extent Courts shall be available from this appro- priation, to remain available until expended, possible through the renegotiation of exist- priation for official purposes: Provided fur- shall be available solely for District of Co- ing collective bargaining agreements. ther, That the District of Columbia shall op- lumbia employees’ disability compensation: erate and maintain a free, 24-hour telephone Provided further, That the District shall not RAINY DAY FUND information service whereby residents of the provide free government services such as For mandatory unavoidable expenditures area surrounding Lorton prison in Fairfax water, sewer, solid waste disposal or collec- within one or several of the various appro- County, Virginia, can promptly obtain infor- tion, utilities, maintenance, repairs, or simi- priation headings of this Act, to be allocated mation from District of Columbia govern- lar services to any legally constituted pri- to the budgets for personal services and non- ment officials on all disturbances at the pris- vate nonprofit organization (as defined in personal services as requested by the Mayor on, including escapes, fires, riots, and simi- section 411(5) of Public Law 100–77, approved and approved by the Council pursuant to the lar incidents: Provided further, That the Dis- July 22, 1987) providing emergency shelter procedures in section 4 of the Reprogram- trict of Columbia government shall also take services in the District, if the District would ming Policy Act of 1980, effective September steps to publicize the availability of the 24- not be qualified to receive reimbursement 16, 1980 (D.C. Law 3–100; D.C. Code, sec. 47– hour telephone information service among pursuant to the Stewart B. McKinney Home- 363), $4,563,000: Provided, That the District of the residents of the area surrounding the less Assistance Act, approved July 22, 1987 Columbia shall provide to the Committees Lorton prison: Provided further, That not to (101 Stat. 485; Public Law 100–77; 42 U.S.C. on Appropriations of the House of Represent- exceed $100,000 of this appropriation shall be 11301 et seq.). atives and the Senate quarterly reports by used to reimburse Fairfax County, Virginia, PUBLIC WORKS the 15th day of the month following the end and Prince William County, Virginia, for ex- Public works, including rental of one pas- of the quarter showing how monies provided penses incurred by the counties during the under this fund are expended with a final re- fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, in rela- senger-carrying vehicle for use by the Mayor and three passenger-carrying vehicles for use port providing a full accounting of the fund tion to the Lorton prison complex: Provided due October 15, 1995 or not later than 15 days further, That such reimbursements shall be by the Council of the District of Columbia and purchase of passenger-carrying vehicles after the last amount remaining in the fund paid in all instances in which the District re- is disbursed. quests the counties to provide police, fire, for replacement only, $297,568,000 and 1,914 rescue, and related services to help deal with full-time equivalent positions (end-of-year): INCENTIVE BUYOUT PROGRAM escapes, riots, and similar disturbances in- Provided, That this appropriation shall not For the purpose of funding costs associated volving the prison: Provided further, That the be available for collecting ashes or miscella- with the incentive buyout program, to be ap- Mayor shall reimburse the District of Colum- neous refuse from hotels and places of busi- portioned by the Mayor of the District of Co- bia National Guard for expenses incurred in ness. lumbia within the various appropriation connection with services that are performed WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER TRANSFER headings in this Act from which costs are in emergencies by the National Guard in a PAYMENT properly payable, $19,000,000. militia status and are requested by the For the Washington Convention Center BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS Mayor, in amounts that shall be jointly de- Fund, $5,400,000. termined and certified as due and payable for The Mayor shall reduce appropriations and REPAYMENT OF LOANS AND INTEREST expenditures for boards and commissions these services by the Mayor and the Com- For reimbursement to the United States of manding General of the District of Columbia under the various headings in this Act in the funds loaned in compliance with an Act to amount of $500,000. National Guard: Provided further, That such provide for the establishment of a modern, GOVERNMENT RE-ENGINEERING PROGRAM sums as may be necessary for reimbursement adequate, and efficient hospital center in the to the District of Columbia National Guard District of Columbia, approved August 7, 1946 If a sufficient reduction from employees under the preceding proviso shall be avail- (60 Stat. 896; Public Law 79–648); section 1 of who are subject to collective bargaining able from this appropriation, and the avail- an Act to authorize the Commissioners of agreements is not realized through renegoti- ability of the sums shall be deemed as con- the District of Columbia to borrow funds for ating existing agreements, the Mayor shall stituting payment in advance for emergency capital improvement programs and to amend decrease the rates of compensation for such services involved. provisions of law relating to Federal Govern- employees, notwithstanding the provisions PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM ment participation in meeting costs of main- of any collective bargaining agreements: Public education system, including the de- taining the Nation’s Capital City, approved Provided, That the Mayor shall reduce appro- velopment of national defense education pro- June 6, 1958 (72 Stat. 183; Public Law 85–451; priations and expenditures for personal and grams, $800,080,000 and 11,670 full-time equiv- D.C. Code, sec. 9–219); section 4 of an Act to nonpersonal services in the amount of alent positions (end-of-year), to be allocated authorize the Commissioners of the District $16,000,000 within one or several of the var- as follows: $585,956,000 and 10,167 full-time of Columbia to plan, construct, operate, and ious appropriation headings in this Act. equivalent positions for the public schools of maintain a sanitary sewer to connect the OUTPLACEMENT the District of Columbia; $109,175,000 shall be Dulles International Airport with the Dis- For outplacement $1,500,000. allocated for the District of Columbia Teach- trict of Columbia system, approved June 12, ers’ Retirement Fund; $81,940,000 and 1,079 1960 (74 Stat. 211; Public Law 86–515); sections CAPITAL OUTLAY full-time equivalent positions for the Univer- 723 and 743(f) of the District of Columbia For construction projects, $82,850,000, as sity of the District of Columbia; $20,742,000 Self-Government and Governmental Reorga- authorized by an Act authorizing the laying and 415 full-time equivalent positions for the nization Act of 1973, approved December 24, of water mains and service sewers in the Dis- Public Library; $2,267,000 and 9 full-time 1973, as amended (87 Stat. 821; Public Law 93– trict of Columbia, the levying of assessments equivalent positions for the Commission on 198; D.C. Code, sec. 47–321, note; 91 Stat. 1156; therefor, and for other purposes, approved

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00103 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995

April 22, 1904 (33 Stat. 244; Public Law 58–140; D.C. RETIREMENT BOARD formance of official duties at rates estab- D.C. Code, secs. 43–1512 through 43–1519); the For the D.C. Retirement Board, established lished by the Mayor: Provided, That such District of Columbia Public Works Act of by section 121 of the District of Columbia rates shall not exceed the maximum pre- 1954, approved May 18, 1954 (68 Stat. 101; Pub- Comprehensive Retirement Reform Act of vailing rates for such vehicles as prescribed lic Law 83–364); An Act to authorize the Com- 1989, approved November 17, 1989 (93 Stat. 866; in the Federal Property Management Regu- missioners of the District of Columbia to D.C. Code, sec. 1–711), $13,440,000 to pay legal, lations 101–7 (Federal Travel Regulations). borrow funds for capital improvement pro- management, investment, and other fees and SEC. 105. Appropriations in this Act shall grams and to amend provisions of law relat- administrative expenses of the District of be available for expenses of travel and for ing to Federal Government participation in Columbia Retirement Board and 11 full-time the payment of dues of organizations con- meeting costs of maintaining the Nation’s equivalent positions (end of year): Provided, cerned with the work of the District of Co- Capital City, approved June 6, 1958 (72 Stat. That the District of Columbia Retirement lumbia government, when authorized by the 183; Public Law 85–451); including acquisition Board shall provide to the Congress and to Mayor: Provided, That the Council of the Dis- trict of Columbia and the District of Colum- of sites, preparation of plans and specifica- the Council of the District of Columbia a bia Courts may expend such funds without tions, conducting preliminary surveys, erec- quarterly report of the allocations of charges authorization by the Mayor. tion of structures, including building im- by fund and of expenditures of all funds: Pro- provement and alteration and treatment of SEC. 106. There are appropriated from the vided further, That the District of Columbia applicable funds of the District of Columbia grounds, to remain available until expended: Retirement Board shall provide the Mayor, Provided, That $105,660,000 appropriated such sums as may be necessary for making for transmittal to the Council of the District refunds and for the payment of judgments under this heading in prior fiscal years is re- of Columbia, an item accounting of the scinded. that have been entered against the District planned use of appropriated funds in time for WATER AND SEWER ENTERPRISE FUND of Columbia government: Provided, That each annual budget submission and the ac- nothing contained in this section shall be For the Water and Sewer Enterprise Fund, tual use of such funds in time for each an- construed as modifying or affecting the pro- $243,853,000 and 1,024 full-time equivalent po- nual audited financial report. visions of section 11(c)(3) of title XII of the sitions (end of year), of which $41,036,000 CORRECTIONAL INDUSTRIES District of Columbia Income and Franchise shall be apportioned and payable to the debt Tax Act of 1947, approved March 31, 1956 (70 service fund for repayment of loans and in- For the Correctional Industries Fund, es- Stat. 78; Public Law 84–460; D.C. Code, sec. terest incurred for capital improvement tablished by the District of Columbia Correc- 47–1812.11(c)(3)). projects. tional Industries Establishment Act, ap- proved October 3, 1964 (78 Stat. 1000; Public SEC. 107. Appropriations in this Act shall LOTTERY AND CHARITABLE GAMES ENTERPRISE Law 88–622), $10,516,000 and 66 full-time equiv- be available for the payment of public assist- FUND alent positions (end of year). ance without reference to the requirement of For the Lottery and Charitable Games En- section 544 of the District of Columbia Public DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FINANCIAL RESPONSI- terprise Fund, established by the District of Assistance Act of 1982, effective April 6, 1982 BILITY AND MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE AU- Columbia Appropriation Act for the Fiscal (D.C. Law 4–101; D.C. Code, sec. 3–205.44), and THORITY Year ending September 30, 1982, approved De- for the non-Federal share of funds necessary cember 4, 1981 (95 Stat. 1174, 1175; Public Law For the District of Columbia Financial Re- to qualify for Federal assistance under the 97–91), as amended, for the purpose of imple- sponsibility and Management Assistance Au- Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Con- menting the Law to Legalize Lotteries, thority, established by section 101(a) of the trol Act of 1968, approved July 31, 1968 (82 Daily Numbers Games, and Bingo and Raffles District of Columbia Financial Responsi- Stat. 462; Public Law 90–445; 42 U.S.C. 3801 et for Charitable Purposes in the District of Co- bility and Management Assistance Act of seq.). lumbia, effective March 10, 1981 (D.C. Law 3– 1995, approved April 17, 1995 (109 Stat. 97; SEC. 108. No part of any appropriation con- 172; D.C. Code, secs. 2–2501 et seq. and 22–1516 Public Law 104–8), $3,500,000. tained in this Act shall remain available for et seq.), $229,950,000 and 88 full-time equiva- WASHINGTON CONVENTION CENTER ENTERPRISE obligation beyond the current fiscal year un- lent positions (end of year), to be derived FUND less expressly so provided herein. SEC. 109. No funds appropriated in this Act from non-Federal District of Columbia reve- For the Washington Convention Center En- for the District of Columbia government for nues: Provided, That the District of Columbia terprise Fund, $37,957,000, of which $5,400,000 the operation of educational institutions, shall identify the source of funding for this shall be derived by transfer from the general the compensation of personnel, or for other appropriation title from the District’s own fund. educational purposes may be used to permit, locally-generated revenues: Provided further, PERSONAL SERVICES ADJUSTMENT That no revenues from Federal sources shall encourage, facilitate, or further partisan po- The Mayor, in consultation with the Coun- be used to support the operations or activi- litical activities. Nothing herein is intended cil and the District of Columbia Financial ties of the Lottery and Charitable Games to prohibit the availability of school build- Responsibility and Management Assistance ings for the use of any community or par- Control Board. Authority, shall reduce appropriations and tisan political group during non-school CABLE TELEVISION ENTERPRISE FUND expenditures for personal services costs in hours. For the Cable Television Enterprise Fund, the amount of $11,264,000 within one or sev- SEC. 110. The annual budget for the Dis- established by the Cable Television Commu- eral of the various appropriations headings trict of Columbia government for the fiscal nications Act of 1981, effective October 22, in this Act. year ending September 30, 1997, shall be 1983 (D.C. Law 5–36; D.C. Code, sec. 43–1801 et transmitted to the Congress no later than GENERAL PROVISIONS seq.), $2,351,000 and 8 full-time equivalent po- April 15, 1996. sitions (end of year), of which $572,000 shall Sec. 101. The expenditure of any appropria- SEC. 111. None of the funds appropriated in be transferred to the General Fund of the tion under this Act for any consulting serv- this Act shall be made available to pay the District of Columbia. ice through procurement contract, pursuant salary of any employee of the District of Co- to 5 U.S.C. 3109, shall be limited to those STARPLEX FUND lumbia government whose name, title, grade, contracts where such expenditures are a For the Starplex Fund, $6,580,000 for the ex- salary, past work experience, and salary his- matter of public record and available for tory are not available for inspection by the penses incurred by the Armory Board in the public inspection, except where otherwise exercise of its powers granted by An Act To House and Senate Committees on Appropria- provided under existing law, or under exist- tions, the House Committee on Government Establish a District of Columbia Armory ing Executive order issued pursuant to exist- Board, and for other purposes, approved June Reform and Oversight, District of Columbia ing law. Subcommittee, the Subcommittee on Gen- 4, 1948 (62 Stat. 339; D.C. Code, sec. 2–301 et Sec. 102. Except as otherwise provided in seq.) and the District of Columbia Stadium eral Services, Federalism, and the District of this Act, all vouchers covering expenditures Columbia, of the Senate Committee on Gov- Act of 1957, approved September 7, 1957 (71 of appropriations contained in this Act shall ernmental Affairs, and the Council of the Stat. 619; Public Law 85–300; D. C. Code, sec. be audited before payment by the designated District of Columbia, or their duly author- 2–321 et seq.): Provided, That the Mayor shall certifying official and the vouchers as ap- ized representative: Provided, That none of submit a budget for the Armory Board for proved shall be paid by checks issued by the the funds contained in this Act shall be made the forthcoming fiscal year as required by designated disbursing official. available to pay the salary of any employee section 442(b) of the District of Columbia Sec. 103. Whenever in this Act, an amount of the District of Columbia government Self-Government and Governmental Reorga- is specified within an appropriation for par- whose name and salary are not available for nization Act, approved December 24, 1973 (87 ticular purposes or objects of expenditure, public inspection. Stat. 824; Public Law 93–198; D.C. Code, sec. such amount, unless otherwise specified, SEC. 112. There are appropriated from the 47–301(b)). shall be considered as the maximum amount applicable funds of the District of Columbia D.C. GENERAL HOSPITAL that may be expended for said purpose or ob- such sums as may be necessary for making For the District of Columbia General Hos- ject rather than an amount set apart exclu- payments authorized by the District of Co- pital, established by the Reorganization sively therefor. lumbia Revenue Recovery Act of 1977, effec- Order No. 57 of the Board of Commissioners, Sec. 104. Appropriations in this Act shall tive September 23, 1977 (D.C. Law 2–20; D.C. effective August 15, 1953, $115,034,000, of be available, when authorized by the Mayor, Code, sec. 47–421 et seq.). which $56,735,000 shall be derived by transfer for allowances for privately owned auto- SEC. 113. No part of this appropriation shall from the general fund. mobiles and motorcycles used for the per- be used for publicity or propaganda purposes

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00104 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14327 or implementation of any policy including (D.C. Law 2–139; D.C. Code, sec. 1–601.1 et Secretary of the Treasury, such amounts as boycott designed to support or defeat legisla- seq.), enacted pursuant to section 422(3) of are sequestered by the order: Provided, That tion pending before Congress or any State the District of Columbia Self-Government the sequestration percentage specified in the legislature. and Governmental Reorganization Act of order shall be applied proportionately to SEC. 114. At the start of the fiscal year, the 1973, approved December 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 790; each of the Federal appropriation accounts Mayor shall develop an annual plan, by quar- Public Law 93–198; D.C. Code, sec. 1–242(3)), in this Act that are not specifically exempt- ter and by project, for capital outlay bor- shall apply with respect to the compensation ed from sequestration by the Balanced Budg- rowings: Provided, That within a reasonable of District of Columbia employees: Provided, et and Emergency Deficit Control Act of time after the close of each quarter, the That for pay purposes, employees of the Dis- 1985, approved December 12, 1985 (99 Stat. Mayor shall report to the Council of the Dis- trict of Columbia government shall not be 1037; Public Law 99–177), as amended. trict of Columbia and the Congress the ac- subject to the provisions of title 5 of the SEC. 128. For the fiscal year ending Sep- tual borrowing and spending progress com- United States Code. tember 30, 1996, the District of Columbia pared with projections. SEC. 122. The Director of the Department of shall pay interest on its quarterly payments SEC. 115. The Mayor shall not borrow any Administrative Services may pay rentals and to the United States that are made more funds for capital projects unless the Mayor repair, alter, and improve rented premises, than 60 days from the date of receipt of an has obtained prior approval from the Council without regard to the provisions of section itemized statement from the Federal Bureau of the District of Columbia, by resolution, 322 of the Economy Act of 1932 (Public Law of Prisons of amounts due for housing Dis- identifying the projects and amounts to be 72–212; 40 U.S.C. 278a), upon a determination trict of Columbia convicts in Federal peni- financed with such borrowings. by the Director, that by reason of cir- tentiaries for the preceding quarter. SEC. 116. The Mayor shall not expend any cumstances set forth in such determination, SEC. 129. Nothing in this Act shall be con- moneys borrowed for capital projects for the the payment of these rents and the execution strued to authorize any office, agency or en- operating expenses of the District of Colum- of this work, without reference to the limita- tity to expend funds for programs or func- bia government. tions of section 322, is advantageous to the tions for which a reorganization plan is re- SEC. 117. None of the funds appropriated by District in terms of economy, efficiency, and quired but has not been approved by the this Act may be obligated or expended by re- the District’s best interest. Council pursuant to section 422(12) of the programming except pursuant to advance ap- SEC. 123. No later than 30 days after the District of Columbia Self-Government and proval of the reprogramming granted accord- end of the first quarter of the fiscal year end- Governmental Reorganization Act of 1973, ing to the procedure set forth in the Joint ing September 30, 1996, the Mayor of the Dis- approved December 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 790; Pub- Explanatory Statement of the Committee of trict of Columbia shall submit to the Council lic Law 93–198; D.C. Code, sec. 1–242(12)) and Conference (House Report No. 96–443), which of the District of Columbia the new fiscal the Governmental Reorganization Proce- accompanied the District of Columbia Ap- year 1996 revenue estimates as of the end of dures Act of 1981, effective October 17, 1981 propriation Act, 1980, approved October 30, the first quarter of fiscal year 1996. These es- (D.C. Law 4–42; D.C. Code, secs. 1–299.1 to 1– 1979 (93 Stat. 713; Public Law 96–93), as modi- timates shall be used in the budget request 299.7). Appropriations made by this Act for fied in House Report No. 98–265, and in ac- for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1997. such programs or functions are conditioned cordance with the Reprogramming Policy The officially revised estimates at midyear on the approval by the Council, prior to Oc- Act of 1980, effective September 16, 1980 (D.C. shall be used for the midyear report. tober 1, 1995, of the required reorganization Law 3–100; D.C. Code, sec. 47–361 et seq.): Pro- SEC. 124. Section 466(b) of the District of plans. Columbia Self-Government and Govern- vided, That for the fiscal year ending Sep- SEC 130. (a) An entity of the District of Co- tember 30, 1996 the above shall apply except mental Reorganization Act of 1973, approved lumbia government may accept and use a as modified by Public Law 104–8. December 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 806; Public Law gift or donation during fiscal year 1996 if— SEC. 118. None of the Federal funds pro- 93–198; D.C. Code, sec. 47–326), as amended, is (1) the Mayor approves the acceptance and vided in this Act shall be obligated or ex- amended by striking ‘‘sold before October 1, use of the gift or donation: Provided, That pended to provide a personal cook, chauffeur, 1995’’and inserting ‘‘sold before October 1, the Council of the District of Columbia may or other personal servants to any officer or 1996’’. accept and use gifts without prior approval SEC. 125. No sole source contract with the employee of the District of Columbia. by the Mayor; and District of Columbia government or any SEC. 119. None of the Federal funds pro- (2) the entity uses the gift or donation to agency thereof may be renewed or extended vided in this Act shall be obligated or ex- carry out its authorized functions or duties. without opening that contract to the com- pended to procure passenger automobiles as (b) Each entity of the District of Columbia petitive bidding process as set forth in sec- defined in the Automobile Fuel Efficiency government shall keep accurate and detailed tion 303 of the District of Columbia Procure- Act of 1980, approved October 10, 1980 (94 records of the acceptance and use of any gift ment Practices Act of 1985, effective Feb- Stat. 1824; Public Law 96–425; 15 U.S.C. or donation under subsection (a) of this sec- ruary 21, 1986 (D.C. Law 6–85; D.C. Code, sec. 2001(2)), with an Environmental Protection tion, and shall make such records available 1–1183.3), except that the District of Colum- Agency estimated miles per gallon average for audit and public inspection. of less than 22 miles per gallon: Provided, bia Public Schools may renew or extend sole (c) For the purposes of this section, the That this section shall not apply to security, source contracts for which competition is term ‘‘entity of the District of Columbia emergency rescue, or armored vehicles. not feasible or practical, provided that the government’’ includes an independent agen- SEC. 120. (a) Notwithstanding section 422(7) determination as to whether to invoke the cy of the District of Columbia. of the District of Columbia Self-Government competitive bidding process has been made (d) This section shall not apply to the Dis- and Governmental Reorganization Act of in accordance with duly promulgated Board trict of Columbia Board of Education, which 1973, approved December 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 790; of Education rules and procedures. may, pursuant to the laws and regulations of SEC. 126. For purposes of the Balanced Public Law 93–198; D.C. Code, sec. 1–242(7)), the District of Columbia, accept and use Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act the City Administrator shall be paid, during gifts to the public schools without prior ap- of 1985, approved December 12, 1985 (99 Stat. any fiscal year, a salary at a rate established proval by the Mayor. 1037; Public Law 99–177), as amended, the by the Mayor, not to exceed the rate estab- SEC. 131. None of the Federal funds pro- term ‘‘program, project, and activity’’ shall lished for level IV of the Executive Schedule vided in this Act may be used by the District be synonymous with and refer specifically to under 5 U.S.C. 5315. of Columbia to provide for salaries, expenses, each account appropriating Federal funds in (b) For purposes of applying any provision or other costs associated with the offices of this Act, and any sequestration order shall of law limiting the availability of funds for United States Senator or United States Rep- be applied to each of the accounts rather payment of salary or pay in any fiscal year, resentatives under section 4(d) of the Dis- than to the aggregate total of those ac- the highest rate of pay established by the trict of Columbia Statehood Constitutional counts: Provided, That sequestration orders Mayor under subsection (a) of this section Convention Initiatives of 1979, effective shall not be applied to any account that is for any position for any period during the March 10, 1981 (D.C. Law 3–171; D.C. Code, specifically exempted from sequestration by last quarter of calendar year 1995 shall be sec. 1–113(d)). deemed to be the rate of pay payable for that the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit SEC. 132. None of the Federal funds appro- Control Act of 1985, approved December 12, position for September 30, 1995. priated under this Act shall be expended for (c) Notwithstanding section 4(a) of the Dis- 1985 (99 Stat. 1037; Public Law 99–177), as any abortion except when it is made known trict of Columbia Redevelopment Act of 1945, amended. to the entity or official to which funds are approved August 2, 1946 (60 Stat. 793; Public SEC. 127. In the event a sequestration order appropriated under this Act that such proce- Law 79–592; D.C. Code, sec. 5–803(a)), the is issued pursuant to the Balanced Budget dure is necessary to save the life of the Board of Directors of the District of Colum- and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, mother or that the pregnancy is the result of bia Redevelopment Land Agency shall be approved December 12, 1985 (99 Stat. 1037; an act of rape or incest. paid, during any fiscal year, per diem com- Public Law 99–177), as amended, after the pensation at a rate established by the amounts appropriated to the District of Co- COMPENSATION FOR THE COMMISSION ON JUDI- Mayor. lumbia for the fiscal year involved have been CIAL DISABILITIES AND TENURE AND FOR THE SEC. 121. Notwithstanding any other provi- paid to the District of Columbia, the Mayor JUDICIAL NOMINATION COMMISSION sions of law, the provisions of the District of of the District of Columbia shall pay to the SEC. 133. Sections 431(f) and 433(b)(5) of the Columbia Government Comprehensive Merit Secretary of the Treasury, within 15 days District of Columbia Self-Government and Personnel Act of 1978, effective March 3, 1979 after receipt of a request therefor from the Governmental Reorganization Act, approved

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00105 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 December 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 813; Public Law ing the phrase ‘‘or not for-profit organiza- (2) a breakdown of FTE positions and all 93–198; D.C. Code, secs. 11–1524 and title II, tions’’ in its place. employees for the most current pay period App. 433), are amended to read as follows: REPORTS ON REDUCTIONS broken out on the basis of control center and (a) Section 431(f) (D.C. Code, sec. 11–1524) is SEC. 137. Within 120 days of the effective responsibility center, for appropriated funds, amended to read as follows: date of this Act, the Mayor shall submit to nonappropriated funds, and capital funds. ‘‘(f) Members of the Tenure Commission the Council a report delineating the actions (3) a list of each account for which spend- shall serve without compensation for serv- taken by the executive to effect the direc- ing is frozen and the amount of funds frozen, ices rendered in connection with their offi- tives of the Council in this Act, including— broken out by control center, responsibility cial duties on the Commission.’’. (1) negotiations with representatives of center, detailed object, and for all funding (b) Section 433(b)(5)(title 11, App. 433) is collective bargaining units to reduce em- sources; amended to read as follows: ployee compensation; (4) a list of all active contracts in excess of ‘‘(5) Member of the Commission shall serve (2) actions to restructure existing long- $10,000 annually, which contains: the name of without compensation for services rendered term city debt; each contractor; the budget to which the in connection with their official duties on (3) actions to apportion the spending re- contract is charged broken out on the basis the Commission.’’. ductions anticipated by the directives of this of control center and responsibility center, MULTIYEAR CONTRACTS Act to the executive for unallocated reduc- and contract identifying codes used by the SEC. 134. Section 451 of the District of Co- tions; and University of the District of Columbia; pay- lumbia Self-Government and Governmental (4) a list of any position that is backfilled ments made in the last month and year-to- Reorganization Act of 1973, approved Decem- including description, title, and salary of the date, the total amount of the contract and ber 24, 1973 (87 Stat. 803; Public Law 93–198; position. total payments made for the contract and D.C. Code, sec. 1–1130), is amended by adding MONTHLY REPORTING REQUIREMENTS—BOARD any modifications, extensions, renewals; and a new subsection (c) to read as follows: OF EDUCATION specific modifications made to each contract ‘‘(c)(1) The District may enter into SEC. 138. The Board of Education shall sub- in the last month; multiyear contracts to obtain goods and mit to the Congress, Mayor, and Council of (5) all reprogramming requests and reports services for which funds would otherwise be the District of Columbia no later than fif- that have been made by the University of the available for obligation only within the fis- teen (15) calendar days after the end of each District of Columbia within the last month cal year for which appropriated. month a report that sets forth— in compliance with applicable law; and ‘‘(2) If the funds are not made available for (1) current month expenditures and obliga- (6) changes made in the last month to the the continuation of such a contract into a tions, year-to-date expenditures and obliga- organizational structure of the University of subsequent fiscal year, the contract shall be tions, and total fiscal year expenditure pro- the District of Columbia, displaying previous cancelled or terminated, and the cost of can- jections versus budget broken out on the and current control centers and responsi- cellation or termination may be paid from— basis of control center, responsibility center, bility centers, the names of the organiza- ‘‘(A) appropriations originally available for ARC, and object class, and for appropriated tional entities that have been changed, the the performance of the contract concerned; funds, nonappropriated funds, and capital fi- name of the staff member supervising each ‘‘(B) appropriations currently available for nancing; entity affected, and the reasons for the procurement of the type of acquisition cov- (2) a breakdown of FTE positions and staff structural change. ered by the contract, and not otherwise obli- for the most current pay period broken out SEC. 140. None of the Federal funds appro- gated; or on the basis of control center, responsibility priated under this Act shall be used to imple- ‘‘(C) funds appropriated for those pay- center, and ARC within each responsibility ment or enforce any system of registration ments. center, for appropriated funds, non- of unmarried, cohabiting couples whether ‘‘(3) No contract entered into under this appropriated funds, and capital funds; they are homosexual, lesbian, heterosexual, section shall be valid unless the Mayor sub- (3) a list of each account for which spend- including but not limited to registration for mits the contract to the Council for its ap- ing is frozen and the amount of funds frozen, the purpose of extending employment, proval and the Council approves the contract broken out by control center, responsibility health, or governmental benefits to such (in accordance with criteria established by center, detailed object, and ARC, and for all couples on the same basis that such benefits act of the Council). The Council shall be re- funding sources; are extended to legally married couples; nor quired to take affirmative action to approve (4) a list of all active contracts in excess of shall any funds made available pursuant to the contract within 45 calendar days. If no $10,000 annually, which contains; the name of any provision of this Act otherwise be used action is taken to approve the contract with- each contractor; the budget to which the to implement or enforce D.C. Act 9–188, in 45 calendar days, the contract shall be contract is charged broken out on the basis signed by the Mayor of the District of Co- deemed disapproved.’’. of control center, responsibility center, and lumbia on April 15, 1992. CALCULATED REAL PROPERTY TAX RATE ARC; and contract identifying codes used by ANNUAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS RESCISSION AND REAL PROPERTY TAX FREEZE the District of Columbia Public Schools; SEC. 141. (a) The Board of Education of the SEC. 135. The District of Columbia Real payments made in the last month and year- District of Columbia and the University of Property Tax Revision Act of 1974, approved to-date, the total amount of the contract the District of Columbia shall annually com- September 3, 1974 (88 Stat. 1051; D.C. Code, and total payments made for the contract pile an accurate and verifiable report on the sec. 47–801 et seq.), is amended as follows: and any modifications, extensions, renewals; positions and employees in the public school (1) Section 412 (D.C. Code, sec. 47–812) is and specific modifications made to each con- system and the university, respectively. The amended as follows: tract in the last month; annual report shall set forth— (A) Subsection (a) is amended by striking (5) all reprogramming requests and reports (1) the number of validated schedule A po- the third and fourth sentences and inserting that are required to be, and have been, sub- sitions in the District of Columbia Public the following sentences in their place: ‘‘If mitted to the Board of Education; and Schools and the University of the District of the Council does extend the time for estab- (6) changes made in the last month to the Columbia for fiscal year 1995, fiscal year 1996, lishing the rates of taxation on real prop- organizational structure of the District of and thereafter on full-time equivalent basis, erty, it must establish those rates for the tax Columbia Public Schools, displaying pre- including a compilation of all positions by year by permanent legislation. If the Council vious and current control centers and re- control center, responsibility center, funding does not establish the rates of taxation of sponsibility centers, the names of the orga- source, position type, position title, pay real property by October 15, and does not ex- nizational entities that have been changed, plan, grade, and annual salary; and tend the time for establishing rates, the the name of the staff member supervising (2) a compilation of all employees in the rates of taxation applied for the prior year each entity affected, and the reasons for the District of Columbia Public Schools and the shall be the rates of taxation applied during structural change. University of the District of Columbia as of the tax year.’’. MONTHLY REPORTING REQUIREMENT— the preceding December 31, verified as to its (B) A new subsection (a–2) is added to read UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA accuracy in accordance with the functions as follows: SEC. 139. The University of the District of that each employee actually performs, by ‘‘(a–2) Notwithstanding the provisions of Columbia shall submit to the Congress, control center, responsibility center, agency subsection (a) of this section, the real prop- Mayor, and Council of the District of Colum- reporting code, program (including funding erty tax rates for taxable real property in bia no later than fifteen (15) calendar days source), activity, location for accounting the District of Columbia for the tax year be- after the end of each month a report that purposes, job title, grade and classification, ginning October 1, 1995, and ending Sep- sets forth— annual salary, and position control number. tember 30, 1996, shall be the same rates in ef- (1) current month expenditures and obliga- (b) The annual report required by sub- fect for the tax year beginning October 1, tions, year-to-date expenditures and obliga- section (a) of this section shall be submitted 1993, and ending September 30, 1994.’’. tions, and total fiscal year expenditure pro- to the Congress, the Mayor and Council of (2) Section 413(c) (D.C. Code, sec. 47–815(c)) jections versus budget broken out on the the District of Columbia, by not later than is repealed. basis of control center, responsibility center, February 8 of each year. PRISONS INDUSTRIES and object class, and for appropriated funds, ANNUAL BUDGETS AND BUDGET REVISIONS SEC. 136. Title 18 U.S.C. 1761(b) is amended nonappropriated funds, and capital financ- SEC. 142. (a) Not later than October 1, 1995, by striking the period at the end and insert- ing; or within 15 calendar days after the date of

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the enactment of the District of Columbia CAPITAL PROJECT EMPLOYEES 1978, effective March 3, 1979 (D.C. Law 2–139; Appropriations Act, 1996, whichever occurs SEC. 146. (a) Not later than 15 days after D.C. Code, sec. 1–601.1 et seq.), is amended as first, and each succeeding year, the Board of the end of every fiscal quarter (beginning Oc- follows: Education and the University of the District tober 1, 1995), the Mayor shall submit to the (a) Section 2401 (D.C. Code, sec. 1–625.1) is of Columbia shall submit to the Congress, Council and the Committees on Appropria- amended by amending the third sentence to the Mayor, and Council of the District of Co- tions of the Senate and House of Representa- read as follows: ‘‘A personnel authority may lumbia, a revised appropriated funds oper- tives a report with respect to the employees establish lesser competitive areas within an ating budget for the public school system on the capital project budget for the pre- agency on the basis of all or a clearly identi- and the University of the District of Colum- vious quarter. fiable segment of an agency’s mission or a bia for such fiscal year that is in the total (b) Each report submitted pursuant to sub- division or major subdivision of an agency.’’. amount of the approved appropriation and section (a) of this section shall include the (b) A new section 2406 is added to read as that realigns budgeted data for personal following information— follows: services and other than personal services, re- (1) a list of all employees by position, title, ‘‘SEC. 2406. ABOLISHMENT OF POSITIONS FOR spectively, with anticipated actual expendi- grade and step; FISCAL YEAR 1996. tures. (2) a job description, including the capital ‘‘(a) Notwithstanding any other provision (b) The revised budget required by sub- project for which each employee is working; of law, regulation, or collective bargaining section (a) of this section shall be submitted (3) the date that each employee began agreement either in effect or to be nego- in the format of the budget that the Board of working on the capital project and the end- tiated while this legislation is in effect for Education and the University of the District the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, of Columbia submit to the Mayor of the Dis- ing date that each employee completed or is projected to complete work on the capital each agency head is authorized, within the trict of Columbia for inclusion in the May- agency head’s discretion, to identify posi- or’s budget submission to the Council of the project; and (4) a detailed explanation justifying why tions for abolishment. District of Columbia pursuant to section 442 ‘‘(b) Prior to February 1, 1996, each per- of the District of Columbia Self-Government each employee is being paid with capital funds. sonnel authority shall make a final deter- and Governmental Reorganization Act, Pub- mination that a position within the per- lic Law 93–198, as amended (D.C. Code, sec. MODIFICATIONS OF BOARD OF EDUCATION sonnel authority is to be abolished. 47–301). REDUCTION-IN-FORCE PROCEDURES ‘‘(c) Notwithstanding any rights or proce- BUDGET APPROVAL SEC. 147. The District of Columbia Govern- dures established by any other provision of SEC. 143. The Board of Education, the ment Comprehensive Merit Personnel Act of this title, any District government em- Board of Trustees of the University of the 1978, effective March 3, 1979 (D.C. Law 2–139; ployee, regardless of date of hire, who en- District of Columbia, the Board of Library D.C. Code, sec. 1–601.1 et seq.), is amended as cumbers a position identified for abolish- Trustees, and the Board of Governors of the follows: ment shall be separated without competition D.C. School of Law shall vote on and approve (a) Section 301 (D.C. Code, sec. 1.603.1) is or assignment rights, except as provided in their respective annual or revised budgets amended as follows: this section. before submission to the Mayor of the Dis- (1) A new paragraph (13A) is added to read ‘‘(d) An employee effected by the abolish- trict of Columbia for inclusion in the May- as follows: ment of a position pursuant to this section or’s budget submission to the Council of the ‘‘(13A) ‘Nonschool-based personnel’ means who, but for this section would be entitled to District of Columbia in accordance with sec- any employee of the District of Columbia compete for retention, shall be entitled to tion 442 of the District of Columbia Self-Gov- Public Schools who is not based at a local one round of lateral competition pursuant to ernment and Governmental Reorganization school or who does not provide direct serv- Chapter 24 of the District of Columbia Per- Act, Public Law 93–198, as amended (D.C. ices to individual students.’’. sonnel Manual, which shall be limited to po- Code, sec. 47–301), or before submitting their (2) A new paragraph (15A) is added to read sitions in the employee’s competitive level. respective budgets directly to the Council. as follows: ‘‘(e) Each employee who is a bona fide resi- dent of the District of Columbia shall have PUBLIC SCHOOL EMPLOYEE EVALUATIONS ‘‘(15A) ‘School administrators’ means prin- cipals, assistant principals, school program added 5 years to his or her creditable service SEC. 144. Notwithstanding any other provi- directors, coordinators, instructional super- for reduction-in-force purposes. For purposes sion of law, rule, or regulation, the evalua- visors, and support personnel of the District of this subsection only, a nonresident Dis- tion process and instruments for evaluating of Columbia Public Schools.’’. trict employee who was hired by the District District of Columbia Public Schools employ- (b) Section 801A(b)(2) (D.C. Code, sec. government prior to January 1, 1980, and has ees shall be a non-negotiable item for collec- 1–609.1(b) (2 )) is amended as follows: not had a break in service since that date, or tive bargaining purposes. (1) By striking the semicolon at the end of a former employee of the U.S. Department of POSITION VACANCIES subparagraph (L). Health and Human Services at Saint Eliza- SEC. 145. (a) No agency, including an inde- (2) By adding a new subparagraph (L–i) to beths Hospital who accepted employment pendent agency, shall fill a position wholly read as follows: with the District government on October 1, funded by appropriations authorized by this ‘‘(L–i) Notwithstanding any other provi- 1987, and has not had a break in service since Act, which is vacant on October 1, 1995, or sion of law, the Board of Education shall not that date, shall be considered a District resi- becomes vacant between October 1, 1995, and issue rules that require or permit nonschool- dent. September 30, 1996, unless the Mayor or inde- based personnel or school administrators to ‘‘(f) Each employee selected for separation pendent agency submits a proposed resolu- be assigned or reassigned to the same com- pursuant to this section shall be given writ- tion of intent to fill the vacant position to petitive level as classroom teachers;’’ ten notice of at least 30 days before the effec- the Council. The Council shall be required to (c) Section 2402 (D.C. Code, sec. 1–625.2) is tive date of his or her separation. take affirmative action on the Mayor’s reso- amended by adding a new subsection (f) to ‘‘(g) Neither the establishment of a com- lution within 30 legislative days. If the Coun- read as follows: petitive area smaller than an agency, nor the cil does not affirmatively approve the resolu- ‘‘(f) Notwithstanding any other provision determination that a specific position is to tion within 30 legislative days, the resolu- of law, the Board of Education shall not re- be abolished, nor separation pursuant to this tion shall be deemed disapproved. quire or permit non-school based personnel section shall be subject to review except as (b) No reduction in the number of full-time or school administrators to be assigned or follows: equivalent positions or reduction-in-force reassigned to the same competitive level as ‘‘(1) An employee may file a complaint due to privatization or contracting out shall classroom teachers.’’. contesting a determination or a separation pursuant to title XV of this Act or section occur if the District of Columbia Financial SEC. 148. (a) Notwithstanding any other Responsibility and Management Assistance provision of law, rule, or regulation, an em- 303 of the Human Rights Act of 1977, effective Authority, established by section 101(a) of ployee of the District of Columbia Public December 13, 1977 (D.C. Law 2–38; D.C. Code, the District of Columbia Financial Responsi- Schools shall be— sec. 1–2543); and bility and Management Assistance Act of (1) classified as an Educational Service em- ‘‘(2) An employee may file with the Office 1995, approved April 17, 1995 (109 Stat. 97; ployee; of Employee Appeals an appeal contesting Public Law 104–8), disallows the full-time (2) placed under the personnel authority of that the separation procedures of sub- equivalent position reduction provided in the Board of Education; and sections (d) and (f) of this section were not this Act in meeting the maximum ceiling of (3) subject to all Board of Education rules. properly applied. ‘‘(h) An employee separated pursuant to 39,778 for the fiscal year ending September (b) School-based personnel shall constitute this section shall be entitled to severance 30, 1996. a separate competitive area from non-school pay in accordance with title XI of this Act, (c) This section shall not prohibit the ap- based personnel who shall not compete with except that the following shall be included in propriate personnel authority from filling a school-based personnel for retention pur- computing creditable service for severance vacant position with a District government poses. employee currently occupying a position pay for employees separated pursuant to this that is funded with appropriated funds. MODIFICATION OF REDUCTION-IN-FORCE section: (d) This section shall not apply to local PROCEDURES ‘‘(1) Four years for an employee who quali- school-based teachers, school-based officers, SEC. 149. The District of Columbia Govern- fied for veteran’s preference under this Act, or school-based teachers’ aides. ment Comprehensive Merit Personnel Act of and

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‘‘(2) Three years for an employee who (F) The Superintendent of Public Schools (b) COMMISSION APPROVAL.—The Commis- qualified for residency preference under this of the District of Columbia. sion shall approve or reject, in whole or in Act. (G) The Mayor and Council Chairman shall part, the Educational Plan submitted to it ‘‘(i) Separation pursuant to this section each name one non-voting ex-officio mem- by the Board within 30 days of its receipt. No shall not affect an employee’s rights under ber. Educational Plan shall have force or effect either the Agency Reemployment Priority (H) The Chief of the National Guard Bu- without approval of the Commission. Program or the Displaced Employee Pro- reau who shall be an ex officio member. (c) DEVELOPMENT AND CENTERS FOR AP- gram established pursuant to Chapter 24 of (3) TERMS OF SERVICE.—The members of the PROVAL PLAN.—Each Educational Plan shall the District Personnel Manual. Commission appointed under subparagraphs be developed, submitted, approved, and mon- ‘‘(j) The Mayor shall submit to the Council (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (2) shall ap- itored in accordance with the following pro- a listing of all positions to be abolished by pointed for a term of 3 years. cedures: agency and responsibility center by March 1, (4) VACANCIES.—Any vacancy in the mem- (1) Each Educational Plan shall include 1996, or upon the delivery of termination no- bership of the Commission shall be filled by specific provisions designed to accomplish tices to individual employees. the appointment of a new member in the the following objectives and reflect the cu- ‘‘(k) Notwithstanding the provisions of sec- same manner as provided for the vacated mulative effect of the Local School Restruc- tion 1708 or section 2402(d), the provisions of membership. A member appointed under this turing Team (LSRT) in terms of student this act shall not be deemed negotiable. paragraph shall serve the remaining term of needs, financial requirements, and timeli- ‘‘(l) A personnel authority shall cause a 30- the vacated membership. ness for implementation: (A) To ensure, to the extent possible with day termination notice to be served, no later (5) QUALIFICATIONS.—Members of the Com- than September 1, 1996, on any incumbent mission appointed under subparagraphs (A), available categorical funds designated for this purpose, the provision of education serv- employee remaining in any position identi- (B), and (C) of paragraph (2) shall be city ices to all eligible children for the 1997–1998 fied to be abolished pursuant to subsection residents with a knowledge of education. school year and thereafter. (b) of this section’’. (6) CHAIR.—The chair of the Commission (B) To increase the level of parental in- shall be chosen by the Commission from DELAY IN CONVEYANCE OF PROPERTY TO CO- volvement in the education of their children. among its members, except that the Presi- LUMBIA HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN FOR NATIONAL (C) To enhance the range of authority, re- dent of the Board of Education and the Su- WOMEN’S HEALTH RESOURCE CENTER sponsibility, and accountability of prin- perintendent of Public Schools shall not be SEC. 150. Effective as if included in the en- cipals. eligible to serve as chair. actment of Public Law 103–67, section 1(c)(1) (D) To restructure the relationship of the (7) NO COMPENSATION FOR SERVICE.—Mem- of Public Law 103–67 (107 Stat. 687) is amend- Board and its administrative staff to local bers of the Commission shall serve without ed by striking ‘‘1 year’’ and inserting ‘‘3 schools so that the relationship is character- pay, but may receive reimbursement for any years’’. ized by less centralized control. reasonable and necessary expenses incurred This title may be cited as the ‘‘District of (E) To ensure that all personnel have ac- by reason of service on the Commission. Columbia Appropriations Act, 1996’’. cess to appropriate training opportunities. (b) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.—The Commission TITLE II—DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA shall have an Executive Director who shall (F) To ensure the provision of sufficient SCHOOLS IMPROVEMENT ACT be appointed by the Chair with the consent staff and facility resources for compliance Subtitle A—Establishment and Organization of the Commission. The Executive Director with court orders. of Commission on Consensus Reform in the shall be paid at a rate determined by the (G) To ensure the equitable distribution District of Columbia Public Schools Commission, except that such rate may not among the schools and programs of funds exceed the highest rate of pay payable for budgeted by the Board in accordance with SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS. applicable laws, rules and regulations. For purposes of this subtitle— level EG16 of the Educational Service. (c) STAFF.—With the approval of the Chair, (H) To ensure that more schools are given (1) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ the Executive Director may appoint and fix the opportunity to operate with more auton- means the Commission on Consensus Reform the pay of additional personnel as the Execu- omy. in the District of Columbia Public Schools. tive Director considers appropriate, except (I) To ensure a new, fair, demanding eval- (2) BOARD OF EDUCATION OR BOARD.—The that no individual appointed by the Execu- uation process and more and better opportu- term ‘‘Board of Education’’ or ‘‘Board’’ tive Director may be paid at a rate greater nities for teacher preparation. means the Board of Education of the District than the rate of pay for the Executive Direc- (J) To generate a sense of urgency in the of Columbia. tor. business and philanthropic community and (3) AUTHORITY.—The term ‘‘Authority’’ (d) The Board shall reprogram such funds, enlist them in targeted support for very par- means the District of Columbia Financial as the chairman of the Commission shall in ticular, concrete school reform goals. Responsibility and Management Assistance writing request, from amounts available to (K) To address the school governance issue, Authority. the Board. and to recommend, within 1 year from the (4) EDUCATIONAL PLAN.—The term ‘‘Edu- SEC. 203. GENERAL POWERS. date of the appointment of the members of cational Plan’’ means the System-Wide Edu- (a) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall the Commission constituting a quorum, to cational Reform Goals and Objectives Plan have the following powers: the Council, the Mayor, and the relevant developed and implemented under this Act. (1) Financial control over the District of committees of the Congress an alternative to (5) MAYOR.—The term ‘‘Mayor’’ means the Columbia public schools exercised through the current structure that will eliminate the Mayor of the District of Columbia. the Authority. division of responsibility and accountability (6) COUNCIL.—The term ‘‘Council’’ means (2) To approve and monitor the develop- among the Board of Education, the District the Council of the District of Columbia. ment and implementation of the Board’s Council and the Mayor. SEC. 202. COMMISSION ON CONSENSUS REFORM Educational Plan. (2) Each Educational Plan shall include IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (3) To exercise its authority, as provided in specific provisions to ensure the best pos- PUBLIC SCHOOLS. this subtitle, as necessary to facilitate im- sible utilization of public school space, in- (a) ESTABLISHMENT.— plementation of the Board’s Educational cluding provisions— (1) IN GENERAL.—There is hereby estab- Plan. (A) to prepare a plan for adaptive reuse of lished the Commission on Consensus Reform (4) To promulgate rules concerning the schools and consolidation; in the District of Columbia Public Schools, management and direction of the Board, as (B) to develop a five-year capital improve- consisting of 7 members to be appointed in deemed necessary, to address obstacles to ment plan to carry out an approved facilities accordance with paragraph (2). the development or implementation of the master plan which provides for a system- (2) MEMBERSHIP.—The Commission shall Educational Plan. wide modernization of public schools; consist of the following members: (b) LIMITATION.—Except as otherwise pro- (C) to institute management systems to (A) 1 member to be appointed by the Presi- vided in this subtitle, the Commission shall support the implementation of the capital dent chosen from a list of 3 proposed mem- have no powers to involve itself in the man- plan, in consultation and cooperation with bers submitted by the Majority Leader of the agement or operation of the Board in the im- the Mayor and Authority; and Senate; plementation of the Educational Plan. (D) to identify and develop revenue sources (B) 1 member to be appointed by the Presi- SEC. 204. SYSTEM-WIDE EDUCATIONAL REFORM for the approved capital improvement plan. dent chosen from a list of 3 proposed mem- GOALS AND OBJECTIVES PLAN. SEC. 205. ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM-WIDE EDU- bers submitted by the Speaker of the House (a) BOARD PLAN.—The Board shall develop, CATIONAL REFORM GOALS AND OB- of Representatives; adopt, and submit to the Commission on or JECTIVES PLAN. (C) 2 members to be appointed by the before March 1, 1996, a System-Wide Edu- (a) PLAN GOALS.—Each Educational Plan President, 1 who shall represent the local cational Reform Goals and Objectives Plan shall contain a detailed description, includ- business community and 1 who is a teacher with respect to the 1996–1997 school year. ing estimates of financial costs and expected in the District of Columbia public schools. Thereafter, the Board shall develop, adopt dates of completion, of— (D) The President of the District of Colum- and submit to the Commission on or before (1) the Board’s school reform goals and ob- bia Congress of Parents and Teachers. March 1 of each year an Educational Plan for jectives; (E) The President of the District of Colum- the coming school year. The Board shall (2) the Board’s strategy for implementing bia Board of Education. have an Educational Plan for every year. its school reform goals and objectives;

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(3) the Board’s plans and strategy for im- (b) COMMISSION AUTHORITY OVER CON- nations for the rejection of the recommenda- plementing applicable District laws enacted TRACTING.—The Commission shall have no tions. to affect school reform; power to impair any existing contract or ob- (4) COMMISSION REACTION TO NONRESPONSE (4) the Board’s strategy for developing and ligation of the Board; except, however, that FROM BOARD OR REJECTION OF RECOMMENDA- implementing district-wide guidelines, rules, the Commission may direct the Board to TION.—(A) In the instance where there is no and procedures with respect to local school modify or amend the Board rules or policies response from the Board at the end of 90 days decision making as provided by applicable that the Commission deems necessary to fa- the Commission shall immediately notify, District law enacted as part of any school re- cilitate development or implementation of including the written recommendation sub- form legislation; the Educational Plan. mitted under subsection (a) to the Board, the (5) the Board’s goals and objectives for the (c) REVIEW OF CONTRACTS.—The Commis- other elements of the District of Columbia 2-year period subsequent to the school year sion may request that the Authority review government and the Committee on Govern- for which the Educational Plan applies, as proposed or existing contracts or leases pur- mental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee prescribed by the Commission; and suant to section 203(b) of the District of Co- on Government Reform and Oversight of the (6) such other information and detail as lumbia Financial Responsibility and Man- House of Representatives, and the Commit- may be prescribed by the Commission. agement Assistance Act of 1995 (Public Law tees on Appropriations of the Senate and the (b) STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES.—The 104–8; 109 Stat. 118). House of Representatives. Commission may prescribe any reasonable SEC. 207. EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE AUDITS. (B) The Commission may then direct the time, standards, procedures, or forms for The Commission may examine and audit Superintendent to carry out such rec- preparation and submission of the Edu- records of the Board or require the Board to ommendation. cational Plan. examine and audit its records at such time SEC. 210. VACANCY IN SUPERINTENDENT OF PUB- (c) APPROVAL CRITERIA.—The Commission and in such manner as the Commission may LIC SCHOOLS. shall approve an Educational Plan submitted prescribe to assure, monitor, and evaluate by the Board if, in the Commission’s judg- (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of the performance of the Board with respect to ment, the Educational Plan is— law, the Board shall notify the Commission compliance with an approved Educational (1) complete; within 10 days of the occurrence of a vacancy Plan and its overall educational achieve- (2) reasonably capable of being achieved; in the Superintendent of Public Schools. ment. The Commission shall conduct an an- (3) supported by demonstrably sufficient (b) Upon receipt of the notice described in nual audit of the educational performance of and available funding; (a) the Commission shall, as soon as is prac- the Board with respect to meeting the goals (4) responsive to any Commission direc- ticable, conduct a search for candidates for of the Educational Plan for such year. The tives or requirements; the office of Superintendent of Public audit technique, content, and procedures (5) consistent with applicable District laws Schools and submit the names of 3 can- shall be determined by the Commission. The enacted to affect school reform; and didates to the Board. Board shall cooperate and assist in the audit (6) reasonably capable of achieving sub- as requested by the Commission. (c) Within 30 days of the receipt of the stantial progress toward improving the edu- names described in (b) the Board shall choose SEC. 208. INVESTIGATIVE POWERS. cational achievement of the students and is one to be the Superintendent of the District The Commission may investigate any ac- consistent with the Bringing Educational of Columbia Public Schools. Services to Students (BESST) agenda, the tion or activity which may hinder the SEC. 211. IMPROVING ORDER AND DISCIPLINE. District of Columbia Reform Agenda, and the progress of any part of an approved Edu- District of Columbia Public Schools Goals cational Plan. The Board shall cooperate and (a) DRESS CODE.— 2000 Plan. assist the Commission in any investigation. (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than the first (d) REJECTION AND REVISION.—If the Com- Reports of the findings of any such inves- day of the 1996-1997 school year, the Commis- mission rejects an Educational Plan sub- tigation shall be provided to the Board, Su- sion shall develop and implement, through mitted by the Board, the Commission may perintendent of the District of Columbia the Board of Education and the Super- prescribe a procedure and standards for revi- Public Schools, the Mayor, the Council, the intendent of Schools, a uniform dress code sion and resubmission of the Educational Authority, the Committees on Appropria- for the District of Columbia Public Schools. Plan by the Board. If, within 60 days after tions of the Senate and House of Representa- (2) CONSIDERATIONS.—The dress code— the Commission notifies the Board of the tives. (A) shall include a prohibition of gang Commission’s rejection of the Board’s Edu- SEC. 209. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMIS- membership symbols; cational Plan and of the procedures and SION. (B) shall take into account the relative standards for revision and resubmission, the (a) IN GENERAL.—The Commission may at costs of any policy for each student; and Board fails to approve and resubmit a revised any time submit recommendations to the (C) may include a requirement that stu- plan acceptable to the Commission, the Com- Board, Mayor, the Council, and the Congress dents wear uniforms. mission may make revisions and adopt a on actions the District government or the (b) COMMUNITY SERVICE REQUIREMENT FOR final Educational Plan and direct the Super- Federal Government should take to ensure SUSPENDED STUDENTS.— intendent to implement. implementation of the approved Educational (1) IN GENERAL.—Any student suspended (e) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—The Board Plan. from classes at a District of Columbia Public shall report to the Commission, at such (b) RESPONSE TO RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AC- School who is required to serve the suspen- times and in such manner as the Commission TIONS WITHIN AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF sion outside the school shall perform com- may direct, concerning the Board’s imple- EDUCATION.— munity service for the period of suspension. mentation of each approved Educational (1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of any rec- The community service required by this sub- Plan. The Commission may review the ommendations submitted under subsection section shall be subject to rules and regula- Board’s operations, obtain educational and (a) which are within the authority of the tions promulgated by the Mayor. financial data, require the Board to produce District of Columbia government to adopt, (2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This subsection shall reports, and have access to any other infor- not later than 90 days after receiving the take effect beginning on the first day of the mation in the possession of the Board that it recommendations, the Board, shall submit a 1996-1997 school year. deems relevant. The Commission may issue statement to the Commission which provides recommendations or directives within its (c) EXPIRATION DATE.—This section and the notice as to whether the Board will adopt powers to the Board for the implementation membership provided in section 202(a)(2)(H) the recommendations. of the approved Educational Plan. The Board shall expire on the last day of the 1997–1998 (2) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN REQUIRED FOR shall produce such reports and other infor- school year. ADOPTED RECOMMENDATIONS.—If the Board mation and comply with such directives. (d) REPORT.—The Commission shall study notifies the Commission under paragraph (1) (f) NOTICE OF MODIFICATION.—After ap- the effectiveness of the policies implemented that the Board will adopt any of the rec- proval of each Educational Plan, the Board pursuant to this section in improving order ommendations submitted under subsection shall promptly notify the Commission of any and discipline in schools and report its find- (a), the Board shall include in the statement material change in any matter contained in ings to the appropriate committees of Con- a written plan to implement the rec- the approved Educational Plan. The Board gress 60 days before the last day of the 1997– ommendation which includes— may submit to the Commission or the Com- 1998 school year. mission may require the Board to submit, a (A) specific performance measures to de- SEC. 212. EXPIRATION DATE. modified Educational Plan based upon re- termine the extent to which the Board has vised information. The Commission shall ap- adopted the recommendation; and This subtitle shall expire on September 30, prove or reject each modified Educational (B) a schedule for auditing the Board’s 2016. Plan pursuant to subsection (c). compliance with the plan. Subtitle B—Charter Schools SEC. 206. CONSISTENCY WITH SYSTEM-WIDE EDU- (3) EXPLANATIONS REQUIRED FOR REC- SEC. 213. PURPOSE. CATIONAL REFORM GOALS AND OB- OMMENDATIONS NOT ADOPTED.—If the Board JECTIVES PLAN. notifies the Commission under paragraph (1) The purpose of this subtitle is to permit (a) LIMITS ON CONTRACTING.—The Board that the Board will not adopt any rec- the District of Columbia to establish charter shall not enter into any contract, agree- ommendation submitted under subsection (a) schools to improve the education of students ment, or other obligation unless it is con- which the Board has authority to adopt, the and encourage community involvement in sistent with the Educational Plan in effect. Board shall include in the statement expla- education.

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SEC. 214. DEFINITIONS. (4) the curriculum and instructional prac- (b) USE OF COST SAVINGS.—An amount For purposes of this subtitle— tices to be used; equal to the amount of cost savings realized (1) CHARTER SCHOOL.—The term ‘‘charter (5) a description as to how the charter by an agency under subsection (a) shall re- school’’ means a public school that— school will be managed; main available for obligation through the (A) operates under a charter granted for a (6) a description of the charter school’s ob- end of fiscal year 2000, without further au- period of 5 years by the Commission on Con- jectives and the methods by which the char- thorization or appropriation, as follows: sensus Reform in the District of Columbia ter school will determine its progress toward (1) CONSERVATION MEASURES.—Fifty per- Public Schools or the Board of Education of achieving those objectives; cent of the amount shall remain available the District of Columbia and functions inde- (7) a description of the administrative rela- for the implementation of additional energy pendently of the D.C. Public Schools as a tionship between the charter school and the conservation measures and for water con- local education agency and is exempted from authorized public chartering agency; servation measures at such facilities used by significant local rules that inhibit the flexi- (8) a description of how parents and other the agency as are designated by the head of ble operation and management of public members of the community will be involved the agency. schools, but not from any rules relating to in the design and implementation of the (2) OTHER PURPOSES.—Fifty percent of the other requirements under this subtitle; charter school; amount shall remain available for use by the (B) is created by a developer as a public (9) a request and justification for waivers school, or is adapted by a developer from an of any Federal statutory or regulatory provi- agency for such purposes as are designated existing public school, or an existing non- sions that the applicant believes are nec- by the head of the agency, consistent with Public School, and is operated under public essary for the successful operation of the applicable law. supervision and direction; charter school, and a description of any local (c) REPORTS.— (C) operates in pursuit of a specific set of rules, generally applicable to public schools, (1) BY AGENCY HEADS.—The head of each educational objectives determined by the that will be waived for, or otherwise not agency for which funds are made available school’s developer and agreed to by the au- apply, to the school; under this Act shall include in each report of thorized public chartering agency; (10) a description of how students in the the agency to the Secretary of Energy under (D) provides a program of elementary or community will be informed about the char- section 548(a) of the National Energy Con- secondary or both; ter school and given an equal opportunity to servation Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 8258(a)) a de- (E) is nonsectarian in its programs, admis- attend the charter school; and scription of the results of the activities car- sions policies, employment practices, and all (11) an assurance that the eligible appli- ried out under subsection (a) and rec- other operations, and is not affiliated with a cant will annually provide the Secretary of ommendations concerning how to further re- sectarian school or religious institution; Education, the Congress, and the local edu- duce energy costs and energy consumption in (F) does not charge tuition; cational agency such information as may be the future. (G) is governed by a Board of Trustees; required to determine if the charter school is (2) BY SECRETARY OF ENERGY.—The reports (H) complies with the Age Discrimination making satisfactory progress. required under paragraph (1) shall be in- Act of 1975, title VI of the Civil Rights Act of SEC. 216. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR ELIGIBLE cluded in the annual reports required to be 1964, title IX of the Education Amendments APPLICANTS. submitted to Congress by the Secretary of of 1972, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Charter schools shall be selected by the Energy under section 548(b) of the Act (42 of 1973, and part B of the Individuals With public chartering agency by taking the fol- U.S.C. 8258(b)). Disabilities Education Act; lowing factors into consideration: (3) CONTENTS.—With respect to the period (I) admits students on the basis of a lot- (1) The quality of the proposed curriculum since the date of the preceding report, a re- tery, if more students apply for admission and instructional practices. port under paragraph (1) or (2) shall— than can be accommodated; (2) The degree of flexibility afforded by the (A) specify the total energy costs of the fa- (J) agrees to comply with the same Federal local educational agency. cilities used by the agency; and District of Columbia audit requirements (3) The extent of community support for (B) identify the reductions achieved; as do other elementary and secondary the application. (C) specify the actions that resulted in the schools in the District of Columbia, unless (4) The ambitiousness of the objectives for reductions; such requirements are specifically waived for the charter school. (D) with respect to the procurement proce- the purpose of this program; and (5) The quality of the strategy for assess- dures of the agency, specify what actions ing achievement of those objectives. (K) meets all applicable Federal and local have been taken to— (6) The likelihood that the charter school health and safety requirements. (i) implement the procurement authorities will meet those objectives and improve edu- (2) DEVELOPER.—The term ‘‘developer’’ provided by subsections (a) and (c) of section cational results for students. means an individual or group of individuals 546 of the National Energy Conservation Pol- (including a public or private organization) TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS icy Act (42 U.S.C. 8256); and which may include teachers, administrators SEC. 301. None of the funds provided in this (ii) incorporate directly, or by reference, and other school staff, parents, or other Act may be used directly or indirectly for the requirements of the regulations issued members of the local community in which a the renovation of the property located at 227 by the Secretary of Energy under title VIII charter school project will be carried out. 7th Street Southeast (commonly known as of the Act (42 U.S.C. 8287 et seq.); and (3) ELIGIBLE APPLICANT.—The term ‘‘eligi- Eastern Market), except that funds provided (E) specify— ble applicant’’ means an authorized public in this Act may be used for the regular main- (i) the actions taken by the agency to chartering agency participating in a partner- tenance and upkeep of the current structure achieve the goal specified in subsection ship with a developer to establish a charter and grounds located at such property. (a)(2); school. SEC. 302. ENERGY SAVINGS AT DISTRICT OF CO- (ii) the procurement procedures and meth- (4) PUBLIC CHARTERING AGENCY.—The term LUMBIA FACILITIES. ods used by the agency under section (a) REDUCTION IN FACILITIES ENERGY ‘‘public chartering agency’’ means the Com- 546(a)(2) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 8256(a)(2)); and COSTS.— mission on Consensus Public School Reform (iii) the number of energy savings perform- (1) IN GENERAL.—The head of each agency and the District of Columbia Board of Edu- ance contracts entered into by the agency of the District of Columbia for which funds cation. under title VIII of the Act (42 U.S.C. 8287 et are made available under this Act shall— SEC. 215. APPLICATION. seq.). (a) IN GENERAL.—A petition for a public (A) take all actions necessary to achieve school charter shall be a written proposed during fiscal year 1996 a 5 percent reduction, SEC. 303. PAY OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND agreement between an eligible applicant from fiscal year 1995 levels, in the energy THE PRESIDENT DURING GOVERN- seeking to establish a public charter school costs of the facilities used by the agency; or MENT SHUTDOWNS. and an eligible chartering agency. (B) enter into a sufficient number of en- (a) IN GENERAL.—Members of Congress and (b) CONTENTS OF APPLICATION.—The appli- ergy savings performance contracts with pri- the President shall not receive basic pay for cation shall contain— vate sector energy service companies under any period in which— (1) a description of the objectives of the title VIII of the National Energy Conserva- (1) there is more than a 24 hour lapse in ap- Local Educational Agency’s charter school tion Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 8287 et seq.) to propriations for any Federal agency or de- grant program and a description of how such achieve during fiscal year 1996 at least a 5 partment as a result of a failure to enact a objectives will be fulfilled, including steps percent reduction, from fiscal year 1995 lev- regular appropriations bill or continuing res- taken by the local educational agency to in- els, in the energy use of the facilities used by olution; or form teachers, parents, and communities of the agency. (2) the Federal Government is unable to the local educational agency’s charter school (2) GOAL.—The activities described in para- make payments or meet obligations because grant program; graph (1) should be a key component of agen- the public debt limit under section 3101 of (2) a description of how the program will cy programs that will by the year 2000 result title 31, United States Code has been enable all students to meet challenging stu- in a 20 percent reduction, from fiscal year reached. dent performance standards as established 1985 levels, in the energy use of the facilities by the local educational agency; used by the agency, as required by section (b) RETROACTIVE PAY PROHIBITED.—No pay (3) the grade levels or ages of children to be 543 of the National Energy Conservation Pol- forfeited in accordance with subsection (a) served; icy Act (42 U.S.C. 8253). may be paid retroactively.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00110 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S14333 SMALL BUSINESS LENDING ‘‘(iii) 3 percent of the gross amount of any reserved for their use later in the day; ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 1995 loan guaranteed under this subsection of an that the Senate immediately proceed amount equal to or greater than $500,000. Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask that to a 10-minute period for morning busi- Such fee shall be payable by the participating ness under the control of Senator HEF- the Chair lay before the Senate a mes- lending institution and may be charged to the sage from the House of Representatives LIN; and that the Senate then resume borrower. consideration of H.R. 2099, the VA-HUD on S. 895. ‘‘(B) ADDITIONAL FEE TO OFFSET COST.— The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be- ‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the guar- appropriations bill. fore the Senate the following message antee fee to be collected under subparagraph The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without from the House of Representatives: (A), the Administration shall collect a fee for objection, it is so ordered. Resolved, That the bill from the Senate (S. loans guaranteed under this subsection (other AMENDMENT NO. 2784 895) entitled ‘‘An Act to amend the Small than loans for which a guarantee fee may be Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I further Business Act to reduce the level of participa- collected under section 5(g)(4)(A)) in an amount ask unanimous consent that when the tion by the Small Business Administration equal to not more than four-tenths of 1 percent per year of the outstanding principal portion of Senate resumes the HUD-VA bill at ap- in certain loans guaranteed by the Adminis- proximately 9:15 a.m., that there be 4 tration, and for other purposes’’, do pass such loan guaranteed by the Administration. ‘‘(ii) USE.—Fees collected under clause (i) minutes for debate on the Rockefeller with the following amendments: Strike out all after the enacting clause, shall be used solely to offset the cost (as defined amendment No. 2784, to be equally di- and insert: by section 502(5) of the Congressional Budget vided in the usual form, to be followed Act of 1974) of guaranteeing loans under this SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. by a vote on a motion to waive the subsection. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Small Business Budget Act. ‘‘(iii) PAYMENT.—Fees collected under clause The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Credit Efficiency Act of 1995’’. (i) shall be payable by the participating lending SEC. 2. FEE FOR LOAN GUARANTEES SOLD ON institution and shall not be charged to the bor- objection, it is so ordered. SECONDARY MARKET. rower.’’. AMENDMENT NO. 2785 Section 5(g)(4)(A) of the Small Business Act (c) REPEAL OF PROVISIONS ALLOWING RETEN- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I further (15 U.S.C. 634(g)(4)(A)) is amended by striking TION OF GUARANTEE FEES BY LENDERS.—Section ask unanimous consent that following ‘‘4⁄10 of one percent’’ and inserting ‘‘one-half of 7(a)(19) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. disposition of the Rockefeller amend- 1 percent’’. 636(a)(19)) is amended— SEC. 3. GENERAL BUSINESS LOANS. (1) in subparagraph (B)— ment, there then be 4 minutes for de- (a) REDUCED LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN (A) by striking ‘‘shall (i) develop’’ and insert- bate, to be equally divided in the usual GUARANTEED LOANS.—Section 7(a)(2) of the ing ‘‘shall develop’’; and form, on the second Rockefeller Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(a)(2)) is (B) by striking ‘‘, and (ii)’’ and all that fol- amendment, to be followed by a vote amended to read as follows: lows before the period at the end; and on the motion to waive the Budget Act ‘‘(2) LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION IN GUARANTEED (2) by striking subparagraph (C). for consideration of the Rockefeller LOANS.— SEC. 4. MODIFICATIONS TO DEVELOPMENT COM- amendment No. 2785. ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In agreements to partici- PANY DEBENTURE PROGRAM. pate in loans on a deferred basis under this sub- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (a) MAXIMUM LOAN AMOUNT.—Section 502(2) objection, it is so ordered. section, such participation by the Administra- of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 (15 tion shall be— U.S.C. 696(2)) is amended to read as follows: AMENDMENT NO. 2786 ‘‘(i) equal to 80 percent of the balance of the ‘‘(2) Loans made by the Administration under Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I further financing outstanding at the time of disburse- this section shall be limited to $1,250,000 for each ask unanimous consent that following ment if such financing is less than or equal to such identifiable small business concern.’’. $100,000; and the disposition of the second Rocke- (b) FEE TO OFFSET COST.—Section 503(b)(3) of feller amendment, there be 4 minutes ‘‘(ii) equal to 75 percent of the balance of the the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 (15 financing outstanding at the time of disburse- U.S.C. 697(b)(3)) is amended by inserting before for debate, to be equally divided in the ment if such financing is greater than $100,000. the semicolon the following: ‘‘and includes a usual form, on the Baucus amendment ‘‘(B) REDUCED PARTICIPATION.—The guar- one-eighth of 1 percent fee which shall be paid No. 2786, to be followed by a vote on or antee percentage specified by subparagraph (A) to the Administration and which shall be used in relation to the Baucus amendment. for any loan may be reduced upon the request of solely to offset the cost (as defined by section The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the participating lender. The Administration 502(5) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974) objection, it is so ordered. shall not use the percent of guarantee requested of guaranteeing the debenture.’’. as a criterion for establishing priorities in ap- AMENDMENT NO. 2782 proving guarantee requests. Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘An Act to Mr. BOND. Mr. President, finally, I amend the Small Business Act and the Small ‘‘(C) INTEREST RATE UNDER PREFERRED LEND- ask unanimous consent that following ERS PROGRAM.—The maximum interest rate for a Business Investment Act of 1958 to reduce the cost to the Federal Government of guar- the disposition of the Baucus amend- loan guaranteed under the Preferred Lenders ment, there be 10 minutes for debate, Program shall not exceed the maximum interest anteeing certain loans and debentures, and rate, as determined by the Administration, for other purposes.’’. to be equally divided in the usual form, which is made applicable to other loan guaran- Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- on the Sarbanes amendment No. 2782, tees under this subsection. imous consent that the Senate disagree to be followed by a vote on or in rela- ‘‘(D) PREFERRED LENDERS PROGRAM DE- to the House amendments, agree to a tion to the Sarbanes amendment. FINED.—In this paragraph, the term ‘Preferred request for a conference with the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Lenders Program’ means a program under House, and that the Chair be author- objection, it is so ordered. which a written agreement between the lender ized to appoint conferees on the part of and the Administration delegates to the lender— f the Senate. ‘‘(i) complete authority to make and close PROGRAM loans with a guarantee from the Administration The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without without obtaining the prior specific approval of objection, it is so ordered. Mr. BOND. Mr. President, on behalf the Administration; and Thereupon, the Presiding Officer (Mr. of the leader, it is my pleasure to an- ‘‘(ii) authority to service and liquidate such GRAMS) appointed Mr. BOND, Mr. nounce for the information of all Sen- loans.’’. BURNS, Mr. COVERDELL, Mr. BUMPERS, ators that the Senate will resume con- (b) GUARANTEE FEES.—Section 7(a)(18) of the and Mr. NUNN conferees on the part of sideration of the VA-HUD appropria- Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(a)(18)) is the Senate. tions bill tomorrow morning at 9:15. amended to read as follows: Under the previous order, there will be ‘‘(18) GUARANTEE FEES.— f four rollcall votes at approximately ‘‘(A) GENERAL FEE.—For any loan or financ- ORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY, ing made under this subsection other than a 9:20 a.m., with a brief period of time be- loan repayable in a period of one year or less, SEPTEMBER 27, 1995 tween each vote. The leader has indi- the Administration shall collect a guarantee fee Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I ask unan- cated the Senate will complete action equal to— imous consent that when the Senate on this appropriations bill hopefully by ‘‘(i) 2 percent of the gross amount of any loan completes its business today, it stand early afternoon. Therefore, additional guaranteed under this subsection of an amount in recess until the hour of 9 a.m. on rollcall votes can be expected through- less than $250,000; ‘‘(ii) 2.5 percent of the gross amount of any Wednesday, September 27, 1995; that out Wednesday’s session in order to fin- loan guaranteed under this subsection of an following the prayer, the Journal of ish action on the VA-HUD appropria- amount equal to or greater than $250,000 and proceedings be deemed approved to tions bill and to make progress on the less than $500,000; or date, the time for the two leaders be Labor-HHS appropriations bill.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00111 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S14334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 26, 1995 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without RECESS UNTIL 9 A.M. TOMORROW that the Senate stand in recess under objection, it is so ordered. the previous order. Mr. BOND. Mr. President, if there is There being no objection, the Senate, no further business to come before the at 8:55 p.m., recessed until Wednesday, Senate, I now ask unanimous consent September 27, 1995, at 9 a.m.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:56 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00112 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S26SE5.REC S26SE5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS Tuesday, September 26, 1995 Daily Digest Senate Withdrawn: Chamber Action Inouye Amendment No. 2777, to make available Routine Proceedings, pages S14223–S14334 $38,000,000 for construction at the Spark M. Mat- Measures Introduced: Three bills were introduced, sunaga Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Cen- as follows: S. 1273–1275. Page S14312 ter, Hawaii. Pages S14226±28 VA/HUD Appropriations, 1996: Senate continued Pending: consideration of H.R. 2099, making appropriations Sarbanes Amendment No. 2782, to restore home- for the Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing less assistance funding to fiscal year 1995 levels and Urban Development, and for sundry independ- using excess public housing agency project reserves. ent agencies, boards, commissions, corporations, and Pages S14273±79, S14281 offices for fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, Rockefeller Amendment No. 2784, to strike sec- with certain excepted committee amendments, tak- tion 107 which limits compensation for mentally ing action on amendments proposed thereto, as fol- disabled veterans and offset the loss of revenues by lows: Pages S14223±S14307 ensuring that any tax cut benefits only those families with incomes less than $100,000. Pages S14286±89 Adopted: Rockefeller Amendment No. 2785 (to committee (1) Bond Amendment No. 2778, to ensure that amendment on page 8, lines 9–10), to increase fund- veterans in the State of Hawaii are given appropriate ing for veterans’ medical care and offset the increase and equal access to VA-funded medical care. in funds by ensuring that any tax cut benefits only Pages S14228±30 those families with incomes less that $100,000. (2) Stevens/Murkowski Amendment No. 2779, to Pages S14290±95 provide for a 1-year exemption from the oxygenated Baucus Amendment No. 2786, to provide that fuel requirements of the Clean Air Act for Fairbanks, any provision that limits implementation or enforce- Alaska. Pages S14246±48 ment of any environmental law shall not apply if the (3) Chafee Amendment No. 2780 (to committee Administrator of the Environmental Protection amendment on page 143, line 17 through page 151, Agency determines that application of the prohibi- line 10), to modify the provisions with respect to ar- tion or limitation would diminish the protection of senic. Pages S14248±49 human health or the environment otherwise provided (4) Jeffords Amendment No. 2783, to require the by law. Pages S14295±99 Environmental Protection Agency to give priority to A unanimous-consent agreement was reached pro- small businesses in its green programs and to require viding for further consideration of the bill and cer- the EPA to perform a study to determine the fea- tain amendments to be proposed thereto. Page S14295 sibility of making these programs self-sufficient. Senate will continue consideration of the bill on Pages S14281±86 Wednesday, September 27, 1995. (5) McCain Amendment No. 2787, to require the Small Business Lending Enhancement Act—Con- Department of Veterans Affairs to allocate funding ferees: Senate disagreed to the amendments of the to insure that veterans have equal access to quality House to S. 895, to amend the Small Business Act health care. Pages S14299±S14302 to reduce the level of participation by the Small Rejected: Business Administration in certain loans guaranteed (1) By 35 yeas to 64 nays (Vote No. 463), Bump- by the Administration, agreed to the request of the ers Amendment No. 2776 (to committee amend- House for a conference thereon, and the Chair ap- ment on page 158, lines 13–14), to reduce the ap- pointed the following conferees: Senators Bond, propriation for the implementation of the space sta- Burns, Coverdell, Bumpers, and Nunn. Page S14333 tion program for the purpose of terminating the pro- Messages From the House: Page S14309 gram. Pages S14230±46 Communications: Pages S14309±10 (2) By 47 yeas to 52 nays (Vote No. 464), Mikul- Petitions: Pages S14310±12 ski Amendment No. 2781, to restore funding for na- tional and community service programs. Executive Reports of Committees: Page S14312 Pages S14249±71 Statements on Introduced Bills: Pages S14312±18 D 1147 D 1148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST September 26, 1995

Additional Cosponsors: Pages S14318±19 Ambassador to the Republic of Cameroon, after the Amendments Submitted: Pages S14319±21 nominees testified and answered questions in their own behalf. Authority for Committees: Page S14321 Additional Statements: Pages S14321±24 RUBY RIDGE Text of S. 1244 as Previously Passed: Committee on the Judiciary: Subcommittee on Terror- Pages S14324±32 ism, Technology, and Government Information re- Record Votes: Two record votes were taken today. sumed hearings to examine certain Federal law en- forcement actions with regard to the 1992 incident (Total—464) Pages S14246, S14271 at Ruby Ridge, Idaho, receiving testimony from Recess: Senate convened at 9:30 a.m., and recessed Thomas W. Miller, Assistant Special Agent in at 8:55 p.m., until 9 a.m., on Wednesday, Septem- Charge (Louisville, Kentucky), Federal Bureau of In- ber 27, 1995. (For Senate’s program, see the remarks vestigation, and Jeffrey Howard, Concord, New of the Acting Majority Leader in today’s RECORD on Hampshire, former Principal Associate Deputy At- pages S14333–34.) torney General, both of the Department of Justice; and Kevin Harris, Spokane, Washington. Committee Meetings Hearings were recessed subject to call. (Committees not listed did not meet) BUSINESS MEETING NOMINATION Committee on Labor and Human Resources: Committee Committee on Armed Services: Committee ordered favor- ordered favorably reported the nominations of Thom- ably reported the nomination of Gen. John M. as R. Bloom, of Virginia, to be Inspector General, Shalikashvili, United States Army, for reappointment Department of Education, Ernest W. DuBester, of as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and re- New Jersey, to be a Member of the National Medi- appointment to the grade of general while serving in ation Board, Daniel A. Mica, of Virginia, to be a that position. Member of the Board of Directors of the United BUDGET RECONCILIATION States Institute of Peace, Hughey Walker, of South Carolina, to be a Member of the National Council Committee on Finance: Committee began its review of on Disability, Harris Wofford, of Pennsylvania, to be certain spending reductions and revenue increases to Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for Na- meet reconciliation expenditures as imposed by H. tional and Community Service, and a list in the Con. Res. 67, setting forth the congressional budget Public Health Service Corps received by the Senate for the United States Government for fiscal years on June 26, 1995. 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, Also, committee completed its review of certain but did not complete action thereon and will meet spending reductions and revenue increases to meet again tomorrow. reconciliation expenditures as imposed by H. Con. NOMINATIONS Res. 67, setting forth the congressional budget for Committee on Foreign Relations: Committee concluded the United States Government for fiscal years 1996, hearings on the nominations of James A. Joseph, of 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, and Virginia, to be Ambassador to the Republic of South agreed on recommendations which it will make Africa, and Charles H. Twining, of Maryland, to be thereon to the Committee on the Budget. h House of Representatives Chamber Action Joint Meetings The House was not in session today. It will meet next at noon on Wednesday, September 27. NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM DESIGNATION ACT Conferees met to resolve the differences between the Committee Meetings Senate- and House-passed versions of S. 440, to No Committee meetings were held. amend title 23, United States Code, to provide for the designation of the National Highway System, but did not complete action thereon, and recessed subject to call. September 26, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST D 1149 COMMITTEE MEETINGS FOR WEDNESDAY, Committee on Commerce, to mark up the following bills: H.R. 436, to require the head of any Federal agency to SEPTEMBER 27, 1995 differentiate between fats, oils, and greases of animal, ma- (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) rine, or vegetable origin, and other oils and greases, in issuing certain regulations; and H.R. 1747, Federally Senate Supported Health Centers Assistance Act of 1995, 12:30 Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, business p.m., 2123 Rayburn. meeting, to consider recommendations which it will Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, Sub- make to the Committee on the Budget with respect to committee on Employer-Employee Relations, hearing on spending reductions and revenue increases to meet rec- National Labor Relations Board Reform, 9:30 a.m., 2175 onciliation expenditures as imposed by H. Con. Res. 67, Rayburn. setting forth the Congressional Budget for the United Committee on International Relations, to mark up the States Government for fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, Committee’s Response to the House’s Reconciliation In- 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002, 9 a.m., SR–332. structions, 3 p.m., 2172 Rayburn. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, busi- Committee on the Judiciary, to continue mark up of H.R. ness meeting, to mark up S. 650, to increase the amount 2202, Immigration in the National Interest Act of 1995, of credit available to fuel local, regional, and national eco- 10 a.m., 2141 Rayburn. nomic growth by reducing the regulatory burden imposed Committee on Resources, to mark up the following bills: upon financial institutions, 10 a.m., SD–538. H.R. 1253, to rename the San Francisco Bay National Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Sub- Wildlife Refuge as the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay committee on Aviation, to hold hearings on S. 1239, to National Wildlife Refuge; H.R. 2005, to direct the Sec- amend title 49, United States Code, with respect to the retary of the Interior to make technical corrections in regulation of interstate transportation by common carriers maps relating to the Coastal Barrier Resources System; engaged in civil aviation, 9:30 a.m., SR–253. and H.R. 1358, to require the Secretary of Commerce to Committee on Environment and Public Works, to hold hear- convey to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts the Na- ings on the nomination of Kathleen A. McGinty, of tional Marine Fisheries Service Laboratory located on Em- Pennsylvania, to be a Member of the Council on Environ- erson Avenue in Gloucester, MA, 12 p.m., 1324 Long- mental Quality, 9:30 a.m., SD–406. worth. Committee on Finance, business meeting, to continue to Committee on Rules, to consider the following: Con- consider recommendations which it will make to the ference Report to accompany H.R. 1977, making appro- Committee on the Budget with respect to spending re- priations for the Department of the Interior and related ductions and revenue increases to meet reconciliation ex- agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996; penditures as imposed by H. Con. Res. 67, setting forth Conference Report to accompany H.R. 2126, making ap- the congressional budget for the United States Govern- propriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal ment for fiscal years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, year ending September 30, 1996; and a measure making 2001, and 2002, 10 a.m., SH–216. continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1996, 1 Select Committee on Intelligence, to hold closed hearings on p.m., H–313 Capitol. intelligence matters, 2 p.m., SH–219. Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Space and Aero- House nautics, hearing on the Space Shuttle in Transition: Keep- ing Safety Paramount, 1 p.m., 2318 Rayburn. Committee on Appropriations, to consider revised 602(b) Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, Subcommittee on Hos- budget allocation report for fiscal year 1996, 11 a.m., pitals and Health Care, hearing on illegal activities at 2360 Rayburn. Department of Veterans Affairs medical facilities, 10 Committee on Banking and Financial Services, Subcommit- a.m., 334 Cannon. tee on Capital Markets, Securities and Government Spon- sored Enterprises, oversight hearing on the Federal Home Joint Meetings Loan Bank System, 10 a.m., 2128 Rayburn. Conferees, on H.R. 1976, making appropriations for Ag- Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer riculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Adminis- Credit, to mark up the Thrift Charter Convergence Act tration, and Related Agencies programs for the fiscal year of 1995, 1 p.m., 2128 Rayburn. ending September 30, 1996, 1 p.m., H–140, Capitol. D 1150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST September 26, 1995

Next Meeting of the SENATE Next Meeting of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9 a.m., Wednesday, September 27 12 noon, Wednesday, September 27

Senate Chamber House Chamber Program for Wednesday: After the recognition of one Program for Wednesday and the balance of the Senator for a speech and the transaction of any morning week: Consideration of H.R. 743, Teamwork for Em- business (not to extend beyond 9:10 a.m.), Senate will ployees and Managers Act of 1995 (open rule, 1 hour of continue consideration of H.R. 2099, VA/HUD Appro- general debate); priations, 1996. H.R. 1170, Three-Judge Court Review for State-Wide Referenda Act (open rule, 1 hour of general debate); H.R. 1601, International Space Station Authorization Act of 1995 (open rule, 1 hour of general debate); H.R. ——, District of Columbia Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (subject to a rule being granted); and H.J. Res. ——, Continuing Resolution for Fiscal Year 1996.

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