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Computational Social Science SAGE BENCHMARKS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE VOLUME I Edited by Nigel Gilbert (DSAGE G- Los Angeles I London | New Delhi Singapore I Washington DC Contents Appendix of Sources xi Editor's Introduction: Computational Social Science Nigel Gilbert xxi Volume I Section A: An Introduction to Agent-based Modelling 1. Cellular Automata in the Social Sciences: Perspectives, Restrictions, and Artefacts 3 Rainer Hegselmann 2. The Computer as a Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex, Adaptive Systems 27 John L. Casti 3. Agent-based Computational Models and Generative Social Science 33 Joshua M. Epstein 4. Agent-based Modeling vs. Equation-based Modeling: A Case Study and Users' Guide 71 H. Van Dyke Parunak, Robert Savit and Rick L. Riolo 5. On Generating Hypotheses Using Computer Simulations 91 Kathleen M. Carley 6. Learning to Speculate: Experiments with Artificial and Real Agents 107 John Duffy 7. Why Agents? On the Varied Motivations for Agent Computing in the Social Sciences 131 Robert L. Axtell Section B: Precursors and Early Work 8. Dynamic Models of Segregation 159 Thomas C. Schelling 9. A Monte Carlo Approach to Diffusion 207 Torsten Hagerstrand 10. The Checkerboard Model of Social Interaction 229 James M. Sakoda 11. Flocks, Herds, and Schools: A Distributed Behavioral Model 245 Craig W. Reynolds 12. A Computer Simulation Model of Community Referendum Controversies 267 Robert P. Abelson and Alex Bernstein vi Contents Section C: Agent-based Computational Economics 13. Artificial Adaptive Agents in Economic Theory 297 John H. Holland and John H. Miller 14. Modeling Macroeconomies as Open-ended Dynamic Systems of Interacting Agents 307 Blake LeBaron and Leigh Tesfatsion 15. Evolving Market Structure: An ACE Model of Price Dispersion and Loyalty 315 Alan P. Kirman and Nicolaas J. Vriend 16. Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-in by Historical Events 357 W. Brian Arthur 17. Artificial Worlds and Economics, Part II 375 David A Lane 18. Why Are We Simulating Anyway? Some Answers from Economics 399 Edmund Chattoe 19. Why Are Economists Sceptical about Agent-based Simulations? 425 Roberto Leombruni and Matteo Richiardi Volume II Section D: Modelling Sociality 20. The Emergence of Computational Sociology 3 Norman P. Hummon and Thomas J. Fararo 21. Modeling Sociality: The View from Europe 13 Nigel Gilbert 22. From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-based Modeling 29 Michael W. Macy and Robert Wilier 23. Symbolic Interactionist Modeling: The Coevolution of Symbols and Institutions 55 Deborah Vakas Duong 24. The Standing Ovation Problem 65 John H. Miller and Scott E. Page Section E: Opinion Dynamics 25. Towards a Theory of Collective Phenomena: Consensus and Attitude Changes in Groups 85 Serge Galam and Serge Moscovici 26. Opinion Evolution in Closed Community 115 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron and Jozef Sznajd 27. Persuasion Dynamics 125 Gerard Weisbuch, Guillaume Deffuant and Frederic Amblard Contents vii 28. The "New" Science of Networks 147 Duncan J. Watts 29. The Structure of Scientific Collaboration Networks 175 M.E.J. Newman Section F: Social Dilemmas 30. Agent-based Simulation in the Study of Social Dilemmas 191 N.M. Gotts, J.G. Polhill andAN.R. Law 31. Learning, Signaling, and Social Preferences in Public-Good Games 275 Marco A. Janssen and T.K. Ahn 32. Nucleus and Shield: The Evolution of Social Structure in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma 311 Bj0rn Lomborg Volume III Section G: Cooperation 33. Evolving Specialisation, Altruism, and Group-level Optimisation Using Tags 3 David Hales 34. The Evolution of Ethnocentrism 13 Ross A. Hammond and Robert Axelrod 35. An Evolutionary Approach to Norms 25 Robert Axelrod 36. The Emperor's Dilemma: A Computational Model of Self-enforcing Norms 47 Damon Centola, Robb Wilier and Michael Macy 37. The Emergence of Classes in a Multi-Agent Bargaining Model 77 Robert L. Axtell, Joshua M. Epstein and H. Peyton Young 38. The Evolution of Communication Systems by Adaptive Agents 95 Luc Steels Section H: Emergence 39. Computational Models of Emergent Properties 115 John Symons 40. Artificial Societies: Multiagent Systems and the Micro-Macro Link in Sociological Theory 133 R. Keith Sawyer 41. Varieties of Emergence 165 N. Gilbert 42. Emergent Properties of Balinese Water Temple Networks: Coadaptation on a Rugged Fitness Landscape 175 J. Stephen Lansing and James N. Kremer viii Contents Section I: Applications 43. Multi-Agent Systems for the Simulation of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: A Review 199 Dawn C. Parker, Steven M. Manson, Marco A Janssen, Matthew J. Hoffmann and Peter Deadman 44. Simulating Fishermen's Society 241 F. Bousquet, C. Cambier, C. Mullon, P. Morand and J. Quensiere 45. Understanding the Functions of Norms in Social Groups through Simulation 261 Rosaria Conte and Cristiano Castelfranchi 46. Population Growth and Collapse in a Multiagent Model of the Kayenta Anasazi in Long House Valley 277 Robert L. Axtell, Joshua M. Epstein, Jeffrey S. Dean, George J. Gumerman, Alan C. Swedlund, Jason Harburger, Shubha Chakravarty, Ross Hammond, Jon Parker and Miles Parker 47. The EOS Project: Integrating Two Models of Palaeolithic Social Change 287 Jim Doran and Mike Palmer 48. The "Wedding-Ring": An Agent-based Marriage Model Based on Social Interaction 309 Francesco C. Billari, Alexia Prskawetz, Belinda Aparicio Diaz and Thomas Fent Volume IV Section J: Cognition 49. Cognitive Science Meets Multi-Agent Systems: A Prolegomenon 3 Ron Sun 50. Modeling Rational Agents within a BDI-Architecture 31 Anand S. Rao and Michael P. Georgeff 51. Multi-Agent Modelling and Renewable Resources Issues: The Relevance of Shared Representations for Interacting Agents 55 J. Rouchier, F. Bousquet, O. Barreteau, C. Le Page andJ.-L. Bonnefoy 52. Fashions, Habits and Changing Preferences: Simulation of Psychological Factors Affecting Market Dynamics 75 Marco A Janssen and Wander Jager Section K: Organisations 53. A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice 101 Michael D. Cohen, James G. March and Johan P. Olsen 54. Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning 135 James G. March 55. Multi-Agent Dependence by Dependence Graphs 155 Jaime Simao Sichman and Rosaria Conte Contents ix 56. Multi-Agent Systems and Role Games: Collective Learning Processes for Ecosystem Management 175 Francois Bousquet, Olivier Barreteau, Patrick d'Aquino, Michel Etienne, Stanislas Boissau, Sigried Aubert, Christophe Le Page, Didier Babin and Jean-Christophe Castella Section L: Methodology 57. Advancing the Art of Simulation in the Social Sciences: Obtaining, Analyzing, and Sharing Results of Computer Models 215 Robert Axelrod 58. How to Build and Use Agent-based Models in Social Science 229 Nigel Gilbert and Pietro Terna 59. Agent-based Modelling - A Methodology for the Analysis of Qualitative Development Processes 247 Andreas Pyka and Thomas Grebel 60. From KISS to KIDS - An Anti-simplistic' Modelling Approach 267 Bruce Edmonds and Scott Moss 61. Agent-based Simulation Platforms: Review and Development Recommendations 285 Steven F. Railsback, Steven L. Lytinen and Stephen K. Jackson 62. Verification, Validation, and Testing 313 Osman Balci 63. Sociology and Simulation: Statistical and Qualitative Cross-validation 383 Scott Moss arid Bruce Edmonds 64. Aligning Simulation Models: A Case Study and Results 415 Robert Axtell, Robert Axelrod, Joshua M. Epstein and Michael D. Cohen 65. A Standard Protocol for Describing Individual-based and Agent-based Models 437 Volker Grimm, Uta Berger, Finn Bastiansen, Sigrunn Eliassen, Vincent Ginot, Jarl Giske, John Goss-Custard, Tamara Grand, Simone K. Heinz, Geir Huse, Andreas Huth, Jane U. Jepsen, Christian J0rgensen, WolfM. Mooij, Birgit Miiller, Guy Pe'er, Cyril Piou, Steven F. Railsback, Andrew M. Robbins, Martha M. Robbins, Eva Rossmanith, Nadja Rilger, Espen Strand, Sami Souissi, Richard A. Stillman, Rune Vab0, Ute Visser and Donald L. DeAngelis 66. A Common Protocol for Agent-based Social Simulation 461 Matteo Richiardi, Roberto Leombruni, Nicole Saam and Michele Sonnessa .
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