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Varieties of Emergence
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228792799 Varieties of emergence Article · January 2002 CITATIONS READS 37 94 1 author: Nigel Gilbert University of Surrey 364 PUBLICATIONS 9,427 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Consumer Behavior View project Agent-based Macroeconomic Models: An Anatomical Review View project All content following this page was uploaded by Nigel Gilbert on 19 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 1 VARIETIES OF EMERGENCE N. GILBERT, University of Surrey, UK* ABSTRACT** The simulation of social agents has grown to be an innovative and powerful research methodology. The challenge is to develop models that are computationally precise, yet are linked closely to and are illuminating about social and behavioral theory. The social element of social simulation models derives partly from their ability to exhibit emergent features. In this paper, we illustrate the varieties of emergence by developing Schelling’s model of residential segregation (using it as a case study), considering what might be needed to take account of the effects of residential segregation on residents and others; the social recognition of spatially segregated zones; and the construction of categories of ethnicity. We conclude that while the existence of emergent phenomena is a necessary condition for models of social agents, this poses a methodological problem for those using simulation to investigate social phenomena. INTRODUCTION Emergence is an essential characteristic of social simulation. Indeed, without emergence, it might be argued that a simulation is not a social simulation. -
Nigel Gilbert the Middle
Simulating social phenomena: the middle way Nigel Gilbert University of Surrey Guildford UK http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk Centre for Research in Social Simulation Thursday, June 24, 2010 1 Agents • Distinct parts of a computer program, each of which represents a social actor • Agents may model any actors – Individuals – Firms – Nations – etc. • Properties of agents ✦ Perception ✦ Performance ✦ Policy ✦ Memory 2 Centre for Research in Social Simulation Thursday, June 24, 2010 2 Interaction • Agents are not isolated • Information passed from one agent to another ✦ (coded) Messages ✦ Direct transfer of Knowledge ✦ By-products of action e.g. chemical trails or pheromones ✦ Etc. 3 Centre for Research in Social Simulation Thursday, June 24, 2010 3 Environment • Options: ✦ Geographic space ✦ Analogues to space e.g. knowledge space ✦ Network (links, but no position) • The environment provides ✦ Resources ✦ Communication 4 Centre for Research in Social Simulation Thursday, June 24, 2010 4 An example: modelling the housing market • Hugely important to national economies ✦ in UK, NL, ES, US etc. • Housing in these countries is a major component of personal wealth, as well as just a place to live ✦ affecting consumption, inheritance, mobility etc. • A special market ✦ location important ✦ infrequent purchase ✦ many parties • buyer, seller, • estate agent/realtor, • bank 5 Centre for Research in Social Simulation Thursday, June 24, 2010 5 Previous work IV – Outlook for the UK housing market Introduction Figure 4.1 - Average UK house price 1974Q1-2007Q3 Average UK house price (£) • Mostly econometric models Housing continues to be the UK economy’s 200000 most valuable asset by far. Housing was 180000 ✦ estimated by the Office for National 160000 Statistics to have a total value of £3.9 trillion used to produce quantitative house price 140000 at the end of 2006, equivalent to 60% of the 120000 total value of all UK assets (valued at some 100000 projections £6.5 trillion). -
Annual Report
Year in Review 2016 - 2017 Table of Contents 1.................................................................................About CRCS 2............................................................................Director’s Letter 3..........................................................................................Faculty 6.........................................................................................Fellows 10..........................................................Bi-Weekly Seminar Series 14............................................................................Special Events 17...............................................................Collaborative Research 19........................................................................................Awards 20................................................................................Publications 22............................................................................Looking Ahead The Center for Research on Computation and Society (CRCS) at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) is a multidisciplinary organization that brings together computer scientists and scholars from a broad range of fields to make advances in computational research that serves public interest. We are engaged in interdisciplinary projects in areas such as Economics & Computer Science; Healthcare Informatics; Privacy & Security; Technology & Accessibility; and Automation & Reproducibility of Data Analysis. CRCS is informed by a deep knowledge -
Towards a Decentralized Process for Scientific Publication and Peer
Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2019 Towards a Decentralized Process for Scientific Publication and Peer Review using Blockchain and IPFS Antonio Tenorio-Fornes´ Viktor Jacynycz David Llop Antonio A. Sanchez-Ruiz´ Samer Hassan GRASIA, Universidad GRASIA, Universidad GRASIA, Universidad GAIA, Universidad GRASIA, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Complutense de Madrid Complutense de Madrid Complutense de Madrid Complutense de Madrid [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Berkman Klein Center at Harvard University [email protected] Abstract It is acknowledged that the Open Access and Open Science movements have successfully reduced the The current processes of scientific publication and economic cost of readers to access knowledge [10]. peer review raise concerns around fairness, quality, However it has not successfully challenged traditional performance, cost, and accuracy. The Open Access publishers’ business models [11] that are often charging movement has been unable to fulfill all its promises, and both readers and authors [12]. a few middlemen publishers can still impose policies Traditional peer review has suffered multiple and concentrate profits. This paper, using emerging criticisms, and yet only few alternatives have gathered distributed technologies such as Blockchain and IPFS, success [13]. The literature provides multiple proposals proposes a decentralized publication system for open around open peer review [14], and proposals of science. The proposed system would provide (1) a reputation networks for reviewers [15]. In fact, a distributed reviewer reputation system, (2) an Open start-up, Publons1, provides a platform to acknowledge Access by-design infrastructure, and (3) transparent reviews and open them up. -
Resume Nigel Gilbert Sociology, University of Surrey
Resume Nigel Gilbert Sociology, University of Surrey Professor Nigel Gilbert is Professor of Sociology at the University of Surrey. He has an international reputation as a pioneer in the use of computer simulation in the social sciences and is the author of the principal textbook in that field and many research papers. He is immediate past President of the European Social Simulation Association and founder-editor of the Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. He has held a personal Chair at Surrey since 1991. From 1997 to 2005, Professor Gilbert was a Pro Vice-Chancellor of the University of Surrey, apart-time post. He had strategic responsibility for staffing matters and was a member of thesenior management team of the University, a chartered institution with a turnover approaching £150 million and 13,000 students. His research interests encompass the sociology of scientific knowledge (understanding howscientists generate reliable knowledge), science policy (strategies for the management of science),and the sociology of the environment, including the management of natural resources such as water. He has written extensively in these areas and is the editor of one of the textbooks on sociological research methods most widely used in UK universities. He has a first degree in Engineering Science from Cambridge. Since graduation, he has aimed to link engineering and the social sciences and his work was honoured with election as a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1999. He is still the only practicing social scientist to be a Fellow of the Royal Academy. He was President of the Engineering Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 2005 and is at present leading a policy group for the Royal Academy on privacy and surveillance. -
The Expansion of Algorithmic Governance: from Code Is Law to Law Is Code Samer Hassan, Primavera De Filippi
The Expansion of Algorithmic Governance: From Code is Law to Law is Code Samer Hassan, Primavera de Filippi To cite this version: Samer Hassan, Primavera de Filippi. The Expansion of Algorithmic Governance: From Code is Law to Law is Code . Field Actions Science Reports, Institut Veolia, 2017. hal-01700277 HAL Id: hal-01700277 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01700277 Submitted on 3 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Field Actions Science Reports The journal of field actions Special Issue 17 | 2017 Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in the City The Expansion of Algorithmic Governance: From Code is Law to Law is Code Samer Hassan and Primavera De Filippi Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/4518 ISSN: 1867-8521 Publisher Institut Veolia Printed version Date of publication: 31 December 2017 Number of pages: 88-90 ISSN: 1867-139X Electronic reference Samer Hassan and Primavera De Filippi, « The Expansion of Algorithmic Governance: From Code is Law to Law is Code », Field Actions Science Reports [Online], Special Issue 17 | 2017, Online since 31 December 2017, connection on 30 January 2018. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ factsreports/4518 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License www.factsreports.org “Code is law” is a form of regulation THE EXPANSION whereby technology is used to enforce existing rules. -
THE WEALTH of the COMMONS: a World Beyond Market and State
THE WEALTH OF THE COMMONS: A World Beyond Market and State Edited by David Bollier and Silke Helfrich The Commons Strategies Group THE WEALTH OF THE COMMONS © David Bollier, Silke Helfrich and Heinrich Böll Foundation, 2012. Levellers Press 71 South Pleasant Street Amherst, MA 01002 All works in this volume except for those previously published and copyrighted (as noted at the end of such chapters) are available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License. (See https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.) More information can be found at www.wealthofthecommons.org. Peter Linebaugh, “Enclosures from the Bottom Up,” in Radical History Review, Volume 108, pp. 11–27. Copyright, 2010, MARHO: The Radical Historians Organization, Inc. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of the publisher, Duke University Press. www.dukeupress.edu. A German-language version of this book, with minor differences, is available from transcript publisher of Bielefeld, Germany, under the title, Commons: Für eine neue Politik jenseits von Markt und Staat, Silke Helfrich und Heinrich- Böll-Stiftung (Hg.) http://www.transcript-verlag.de/ts2036/ts2036.php. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Wealth of the Commons: A World Beyond Market and State Edited by David Bollier and Silke Helfrich ISBN 978-1-937146-14-6 319 Move Commons: Labeling, Opening and Connecting Social Initiatives By Javier de la Cueva, Bastien Guerry, Samer Hassan and Vicente J. Ruiz Jurado Here and there we see many initiatives promoting the commons in different fields (free culture, open educational resources, seed banks, “reclaim the city”). However, only a few have reached critical mass and are well known by multiple communities; the majority remain in their social silos and political niches, more or less ignored by the mainstream. -
The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society
Annual Report Academic Year 2016–2017 Contents I. Part One: Report of Activities .............................................................................................. 3 A. Summary of Academic Year: 2016–2017 ........................................................................ 3 1. Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 3 2. Research, Scholarship and Project Activities ............................................................... 5 3. Contributions to HLS Teaching Program .....................................................................63 4. Participation of HLS Students in Program Activities ....................................................65 5. Faculty Participation ....................................................................................................65 6. Other Contributions to the HLS Community ................................................................66 7. Law Reform and Advocacy .........................................................................................66 8. Connections to the Profession ....................................................................................67 Research ...........................................................................................................................67 The Future of Digital Privacy ..............................................................................................67 Executive Education: Digital Security for Directors and Senior Executives -
Blockchain Technology As a Regulatory Technology from Code Is Law to Law Is Code
Blockchain Technology as a Regulatory Technology From Code is Law to Law is Code Primavera De Filippi1 & Samer Hassan2 1CERSA/CNRS & Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard University 2Universidad Complutense de Madrid & Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard University Abstract: “Code is law” refers to the idea that, with the advent of digital technology, code has progressively established itself as the predominant way to regulate the behavior of Internet users. Yet, while computer code can enforce rules more efficiently than legal code, it also comes with a series of limitations, mostly because it is difficult to transpose the ambiguity and flexibility of legal rules into a formalized language which can be interpreted by a machine. With the advent of blockchain technology and associated smart contracts, code is assuming an even stronger role in regulating people’s interactions over the Internet, as many contractual transactions get transposed into smart contract code. In this paper, we describe the shift from the traditional notion of “code is law” (i.e. code having the effect of law) to the new conception of “law is code” (i.e. law being defined as code). Introduction There are various ways in which law and technology can influence each other. The two interact through a complex system of dependencies and interdependencies, as both contribute (to a greater or lesser extent) to regulate the behavior of individuals. With the advent of modern information and communication technology, the relationship between the two has significantly evolved, as the latter is increasingly used as a complement or a supplement to the former. -
The 20Th International Workshop on Multi-Agent-Based Simulation
The 20th International Workshop on Multi-Agent-Based Simulation MABS 2019 Montreal, Canada May 13, 2019 PROGRAM CHAIRS • Jaime Simão Sichman (University of São Paulo, Brazil) • Mario Paolucci (ISTC, Italy) • Harko Verhagen (Stockholm University, Sweden) THE MABS STEERING COMMITTEE • Frédéric Amblard (University of Toulouse, France) • Luis Antunes (University of Lisbon, Portugal) • Paul Davidsson (Malmö University, Sweden) • Nigel Gilbert (University of Surrey, UK) • Tim Gulden (George Mason University, USA) • Emma Norling (Manchester Metropolitan University, UK) • Mario Paolucci (National Research Council, Italy) • Jaime Simão Sichman (University of São Paulo, Brazil) • Takao Terano (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan) PROGRAM COMMITTEE • Diana Adamatti (FURG, Brazil) • Frederic Amblard (Université Toulouse 1, France) • Luis Antunes (University of Lisbon, Portugal) • Tina Balke (Vanderlande Industries, The Netherlands) • Joao Balsa (University of Lisbon, Portugal) • Federico Bianchi (University of Brescia, Italy) • Cristiano Castelfranchi (ISTC-CNR, Italy) • Sung-Bae Cho (Yonsei University, Korea) • Paul Davidsson (Malmö University, Sweden) • Frank Dignum (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) • Graçaliz Pereira Dimuro (FURG, Brazil) • Bruce Edmonds (Centre for Policy Modelling, UK) • Francisco Grimaldo (University of Valencia, Spain) • Laszlo Gulyas (University of Budapest, Hungary) • Rainer Hegselmann (University of Bayreuth, Germany) • Marco Janssen (Arizona State University, USA) • Jean-Pierre Muller (CIRAD, France) • Luis Gustavo -
Aviso De Conferencia
AAVISO DE CCONFERENCIA QLectives: evolving software to support quality Prof. Nigel Gilbert. Centre for Research in Social Simulation, University of Surrey (United Kingdom) Facultad de Informática Aula 14 6 de junio de 2012 16: 30 entrada libre hasta completar el aforo resumen: In this talk, I'll summarise current progress in the FP7 Integrated Project, QLectives, which aims to develop software that will assist collectives (e.g. scientific specialties, photo-sharing groups, political activist groups) self-organise into communities that support the distribution of high quality self-generated content. The project starts from a complexity science theoretical perspective and aims to build tools that are fully distributed, preserve privacy and require no central control or authority. Some of the challenges of running such an inter-disciplinary endeavour with ambitious and possibly unattainable goals will be described, as well as the directions in which the project is going and what we expect to produce by the end of the project in one year's time. sobre Niger Gilbert: Nigel Gilbert is Professor of Sociology at the University of Surrey, with an interdisciplinary background in Engineering and Social Sciences. He is Director of the Centre for Research on Simulation in the Social Sciences (CRESS), Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies and founder and Editor of the Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, main journal in the field. He has directed or participated in multiple European Projects (IMAGES, SEIN, FIRMA, SIMWEB, EMIL, NEMO, NEWTIES, PATRES, etc). He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the British Computer Society, the Royal Society of Arts, and the Academy of the Social Sciences. -
Proceedings of the 16Th International Symposium on Open Collaboration
Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration August 26{27, 2020 Online General Chair Gregorio Robles, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Program Chairs Klaas-Jan Stol, University College Cork, Ireland Xiaofeng Wang, Free University of Bolzen-Bolzano, Italy Journal First Co-Chairs Jesús M. González Barahona, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain BjörnLundell, University of Skövde,Sweden New Ideas and Javier Arroyo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Emerging Results Valentina Lenarduzzi, LUT University, Finland Track Co-Chairs Doctoral Consortium Andrea Capiluppi, University of Groningen, Netherlands Co-Chairs Claudia Müller-Birn, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Sponsors Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Lero (The Irish Software Research Centre) In-cooperation ACM SIGSOFT ACM SIGWEB The Association for Computing Machinery 1601 Broadway, 10th Floor New York, New York 10019, USA ACM COPYRIGHT NOTICE. Copyright © 2020 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from Publications Dept., ACM, Inc., fax +1 (212) 869-0481, or [email protected]. For other copying of articles that carry a code at the bottom of the first or last page, copying is permitted provided that the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, +1-978-750-8400, +1-978-750-4470 (fax).