Pablo Neruda for jazz singer and ensemble, is about “water and longing, light and hope… a transmutation of passion into geometry.” The illustrations to the original poem are by José Castellano; the In Nature’s Mirror texts shown are not necessarily those sung at the time. ¶ Golijov: Oceana (1996). First Call and Aria (sections). Atlanta Symphony, Robert Spano (conductor), Lusiana Souza (singer) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNZQUxXCxLM

5. Ralph Vaughan Williams’ first symphony is a choral setting of poetry about the sea by Walt Whitman. Starting with movements that evoke the sea in physical terms, it becomes transcendent in its final section, with Whitman’s poem “Passage to India.” The paintings added as a preface to this live performance are by Caspar David Friedrich. ¶ Vaughan Williams: Sea Symphony (1940). Ending. BBC Symphony, Sakari Oramo (c.), Sally Matthews (sop.), Roderick Williams (bar.) https://youtu.be/6qw-3jdtfro?t=3908

Names and Dates of Artists, Composers, and Poets: Alessandro Allori (1537–1607), Ludolph Backhuysen (1631–1708), Arnold Bax (1883–1953), Arnold Böcklin (1827–1901), Benjamin Britten (1913–76), Pieter Brueghel (c.1525–69), Claude Lorrain (1604–82), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), John Sell Cotman (1882–1842), Gustave Doré (1832–83), Caspar David Friedrich (1774 –1840), Osvaldo Golijov (1960–), Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg (1740–1812), John Masefield (1878–1967), Gustave Moreau (1826– 98), Pablo Neruda (1904–73), Pierre–August Renoir (1841–1919), John Ruskin (1819–1900), Salomon van Ruysdael (1600–70), Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851), Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens, 1835–1910), Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958), Willem van de Velde the Younger (1633–1707), Richard Wagner (1813–1883), John William Waterhouse (1849–1917), Walt Whitman (1819–92)

All the major artworks, together with brief bios and any quoted texts, are available on my website: http://www.brunyate.com/naturemirror/ Class 9: The Sea in Life and Legend November 7, 2017 A. The Implacable Ocean 23. Turner: Calais Pier (1803, London NG) 24. Turner: Bligh Sand (1809, London Tate) The sea as the bed of legend, whether the Northern story of the 25. Turner: Staffa: Fingal's Cave (1831, Yale) Flying Dutchman or the Mediterranean epic of the Odyssey, one of 26. Turner: The Fighting Temeraire (1839, London NG) the oldest of all, capturing the imagination of artists of all times. 27. Turner: The Slave Ship (1840, Boston MFA) 01. Video: Der Fliegende Holländer overture (Bruno Walter, c) 28. Turner: Peace: Burial at Sea (1842, London Tate) 02. Video: The Odyssey, film by Andrai Konchalovsky (1997) 03. Greek: Odysseus and the Sirens (c.475 BCE, British Museum) D. Poetry and Songs of the Sea 04. Roman: Ulysses and the Sirens (2nd century CE, Tunis, Bardo) 05. Allori: Scylla and Charybdis (1580, Florence, Palazzo Salviati) 1. Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s long poem, The Rime of the Ancient 06. Claude: The Departure of Odysseus (1646, Paris Louvre) Mariner, the saga of the sailor who shot the albatross and was 07. Moreau: The Sirens (1885, Paris, Moreau Museum) cursed by the sea, virtually launched English Romanticism. Gustave 08. Waterhouse: Ulysses and the Sirens (1891, Melbourne, NGV) Doré produced his 40 illustrations for a French edition in 1879. 09. Böcklin: Odysseus and Polyphemus (1896, Boston MFA) ¶ Coleridge: Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798). Excerpts, read by 10. Turner: Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus (1829, London NG) Richard Burton and others. Doré illustrations added. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGH4p4z4s5A B. A Brief History of the Sea 2. Arnold Bax wrote seven symphonies and many tone poems, of The sea as a practical necessity in life, whether for exploration, which Tintagel is his most famous. Referring to King Arthur’s conquest, or trade. Various artworks having to do with these reputed castle in Cornwall, it describes “the cliffs and castle of themes, coming down to more aesthetic approaches in the 1800s. Tintagel and the sea on a sunny but not windless summer day" 11. Assyrian: Warship (c.700 BCE, London BM) ¶ Bax: Tintagel (1919). Opening. Royal Scottish National Orchestra, 12. Anon: Bayeux Tapestry, warship (c.1070, Bayeux) David Lloyd-Jones (conductor). Paintings by Turner and others. 13. Video: Masefield:Cargoes , read by “Tom O’Bedlam” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3lPDkk-8Mk 14. Brueghel: Naples Harbor (c.1558, Naples, Doria Pamphilij) 15. Ruysdael: View of Deventer (1658, London NG) 3. Benjamin Britten’s first opera Peter Grimes, set on the composer’s 16. Backhuysen: The Eendracht (c.1670, London, NG) own Suffolk coast, is penetrated by the tang of the sea. It is the story 17. Loutherbourg: Shipwreck in a Tempest (1769, Dieppe) of a proud fisherman, a loner with second sight, who mistreats his 18. Friedrich: The Stages of Life (1834, Leipzig) apprentices, one of whom has recently died. In this scene from Act 19. Cotman: Study of Sea and Gulls (1832, London V&A) I, a storm is brewing which eventually breaks out in a wild orchestral 20. Renoir: The Wave (1879, Chicago) interlude. Peter’s only friend, Captain Balstrode, tries to persuade him to marry the local schoolteacher, Ellen Orford, and settle down. C. With Turner on the Water ¶ Britten:Peter Grimes (1945). From Act I. BBC tv (1969). Peter Arguably, most of Turner’s greatest paintings have to do with the Pears (Grimes), Bryan Drake (Balstrode), Benjamin Britten (cond.) sea. It was a subject he addressed early in life, under the influence https://youtu.be/3MyBUetbE38?t=1507 of Dutch models, and continued to the masterpieces of his maturity. 4. Osvaldo Golijov is a Jewish Agentinian composer of music that 21. VanDeVelde: Ships on a Stormy Sea (c1672, Toledo) unites many different cultures. His Oceana, based on a poem by 22. Turner: Dutch Boats in a Gale (1801, London NG)