TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Foreword ...... 1 Introduction ...... 2 Division Mission ...... 3 Division History ...... 4-12 389th Regiment ...... 13 390th Regiment ...... 14-15 391stRegiment ...... 16-17 392nd Regiment ...... •...... 18-19 Combat Engineers ...... 20-21 Communicators ...... 22-23 Providers ...... 24-25 Civil Affairs Companies ...... 26 Army Reserve Schools ...... 27 Cased Colors ...... 28-30 Former Division Commanders ...... 31 Division Today- Division Command and Staff ...... 32 Major Subordinate Commanders ...... 33 Units and Locations ...... •...... 34-35 Acknowledgements ...... 37 Foreword

by MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES D. BARRETT Commander, 98th Division (Training)

Prepared, proud, professional -- these three words characterize the soldiers of the 98th Division. Seven thousand strong, these men and women from communities across upstate New York carry on the two-hundred and seven year tradition of the citizen-soldier-- willingly and effectively pursuing both civilian and military careers. In so doing, they follow the sixty-year tradition of service established by all who have worn the 'Iroquois' shoulder patch.

An extensive mix of reserve units is required for the Army to respond in any contingency. Thus, the 98th Division today is a complex organization. Since 1976, the division has included an array of combat support and combat service support elements in addition to the organic training division commands. Divisional units are targeted and prepared to augment Active Component forces at continental United States and overseas locations via CAPSTONE and Rapid Deployment Force relationships. Year-round Annual Training and counterparting continue as tools of the "Iroquois" soldiers to help forge the Total Force.

Join with me in reviewing the 98th Division's sixty years of dedicated service to nation and community.

CHARLES D. BARRETT Major General, USAR Commanding

1 _IN_T_R_o_o_u__ c_T_IO_N ______-41:J--

"We no longer differentiate in an effective units. The mission and One theme is the growing ultimate sense between Army... and organizational changes throughout recognition of reserve professional­ Reserve forces. Every energy is bent to the division's sixty years have been ism by the Army's active component. the development of the Army of the designed to provide each soldier with The TOTAL FORCE is today's United States. Our purpose is to think a meaningful and demanding job-­ expression of a theme which runs only of the American citizen who is to not to redundantly large organiza­ throughout the division's life­ be a soldier in that A rrny and to tions. And third, all Iroquois soldiers readiness. Through thirty-eight prepare him in time of peace for duties must continue to build public years as an infantry division, and in war." confidence. The Army as an twenty-two as a training division, the --General John J. Pershing institution is no more effective than 98th has been a constituted military its members. "They" don't make force available in three wars, things happen, we do. Throughout originally envisioned for a fourth and Preparedness and service--both the division's history, community available today for any contingency. are the keynotes of the 98th Division's service projects have been an Look also for evidence of improving sixty-year history. Division effective vehicle for demonstrating resources available. Equipment, personnel today face a series of the professionalism, capabilities, reserve centers, augmentees, full challenges similar to those of their commitment and readiness of the time civilian staffing, increased forebearers in content, but different Reserve. benefits--all came with expanding in intensity. First and foremost, responsibilities. And, lastly, military service must continue to be As you read this history, look for recognize the continuity of change. performed as a profession, a high the themes that are present As the nation's security needs have calling, not just another job. This throughout. It is easy to concentrate developed, the division's missions profession requires sacrifice and a only on today's challenges and have been modified. Refinement and code of ethics which commits each shortcomings, and miss the long term tailoring can become individually soldier who wears the Iroquois patch progress there has been. Change in frustrating, but they also to personal and unit readiness. the Army has been evolutionary, not demonstrate responsiveness to Second, all must strive to meet the revolutionary. It is dramatic only security needs. And that's what the challenges of developing lean, but when viewed in a historical context. 98th Division is all about.

by Major Laurence W. Feasel B.S.S., D.M.G., M.A. Division Historian Associate Professor and Chairman of Criminal Justice Monroe Community College

2 98th DIVISION MISSION

DIVISION TODAY The 98th Division, (Iroquois) today is composed of two major elements - the organic training division commands and other assigned units. The mission of the 3,121 personnel authorized in the organic elements of the division is to operate an Army Training Center and to conduct Basic Training, One Station Unit Training, and Advanced Individual Training. In human terms, its mission is to make soldiers of 13,855 young Americans per cycle. All this is accomplished by four training brigades, a Training Command and a Headquarters Command. The division provides all of the additional Engineer training capability in the Reserve Components for mobilization and has been tailored to round out the trainer needs of the United States Army Training Center Engineer at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Iroquois Drill Sergeant helps a trainee on the rifle range during Annual Training.

INACTIVE DUTY TRAINING During Inactive Duty Training, the division also serves as a command and control headquarters for another 4,000 reservists across upstate New York. These individuals belong to seventeen combat support and combat service support units which were assigned to the division through the Program to Improve Reserve Components (PIRC). The units are predominantly corps and theater level organizations which will provide critically needed capabilities. As a result of the CAPSTONE program, these units will increasingly train with their mobilization partners. The division mission is to develop the readiness of these units which will leave it on mobilization.

Engineers perform mission-oriented training-- a key element of mobilization readiness -- at military installations during Annual Training, at Weekend Training Sites near home, and on local community support projects.

3 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

98th DIVISION, ORGANIZED RESERVE- 1921-1941 The Iroquois Division has the Defense Act of 1920 which provided headquarters wer e located in unique right to claim two birthdays-­ for a small active component with Albany, the 390th and 392d in July 23, 1918 and June 24, 1921. The substantial Reserve and National Buffalo and 391st in Rochester. first date is based on the division's Guard augmentation. The federal Division artillery regiments partial organization during the portion was to be called the operated out of Rochester and closing months of World War I. As Organized Reserve. A reservist Syracuse. Battalion and company combat on the Western Front of the period summarized the sized support units were also remained static in early 1918, Army significance; established at various locations. planners decided that additional "Someone had a dream of divisions might be needed to bolster The heraldry of the new 98th salvaging something from the Gen. "Black Jack" Pershing's Division mirrored its geographical tremendous accumulation of American Expeditionary Force. home. The colors selected for the experience that the war had brought Thus, Headquarters, 98th Division, division patch were those of the and had evolved a plan new to was "constituted" on July 23, 1918 at Dutch house of Nassau--one of the Americans of a Federal Reserve Camp McClellan, Alabama. The first patroon families to settle on the division was organized on paper, a Force ..." Hudson River in the colony of New Chief of Staff and regimental The 98th Division was formally Amsterdam which later after commanders were chosen, and in established as a component of the English conquest would become New October troop-fill commenced. But Organized Reserve on June 24, 1921 York. The main feature of the patch, the Armistice between Germany and and assigned to II Corps (a an Indian head, symbolized the Five the Allies ended further action. The relationship which would last off and Nations of the Iroquois--the most division was demobilized in on for forty-six years). powerful Indians of the seventeenth November after four months of During the twenties and thirties, and eighteenth centuries and existence--never having been the 98th was organized as a square renowned to this day for their highly completely organized. division with four line infantry developed system of representative As officers returned from Europe regiments. The commands were government. Regimental crests also and were discharged, the War located throughout upstate New reflected the area of assignment. Department realized that a pool of York. The division headquarters The colorful proud heraldry combat expertise was being lost. This exercised command and control from could not hide the real challenges and led Congress to pass the National Syracuse. The 389th Regimental problems, however.

Officers of the 391st Infantry Regiment at Plattsburg Barracks, New York, in July, 1928.

4 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

EARLY CONCERNS service. The Army and its reserve Breckinridge, Kentucky. The troop components were given responsibil­ fill-cycle started in November, 1942, Personnel strength was a major ity for a major relief program--the and notably the geographical concern from the very beginning. Civilian Conservation Corps. The character of the division remained The division was authorized to fill CCC ultimately provided two million through assignment of draftees from only key leadership, staff and men with jobs and pay. Reserve New York and New England. management positions. The War officers from the 98th were among In terms of organization, the 98th Department's plan was that all other those called to active duty for periods positions in the Organized Reserve was activated as a triangular up to three years to run the CCC infantry division. The combat core could be filled with NCO fillers, and camps. draftees on mobilization. The reality consisted of three infantry regiments was that enlisted manpower was (389, 390, 391), three battalions of WORLD WAR II ACTIVATION practically non-existent. Officers light field artillery (367, 368, 923), virtually kept the division alive. The America paid dearly for the and a battalion of medium field absence of a military draft with its military short sightedness of the artillery (369). "Special Troops" artificial stimulus to serve in the twenties and thirties beginning with including a medical battalion, reserve, coupled with the popular the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, engineer battalion, division feeling of a nation which wanted to December 7, 1941. The military headquarters company, light maintenance ordnance company, return to "normalcy~ made adequate philosophy of 1920-41 had been one of staffing nearly impossible. Later in a small, expandable Army coupled signal company, quartermaster the twenties, one national program with a large reserve and guard force company, cavalry reconnaisance was initiated which provided long immediately available for troop, and a military police platoon term assistance--the Citizens mobilization in a national rendered combat and service Military Training Camp (CMTC). emergency. However, in early 1942 support. Divisional units served annual the financial, personnel, and Finally staffed and organized, the training tours instructing at these equipment plight of the reserve division started its mobilization camps which were held at various forces prevented quick deployment. training. A team spirit developed upstate sites. The camp was a strictly which held until 1945 when the men volunteer program. Attendees Fifty-four days after the of 1942 began rotating out of the maintained their civilian status declaration of war, the 98th Infantry service. The importance of the while being trained in military Division became an active Army continuity of this team cannot be related skills. Although a service division, and later formed on overestimated when later we discuss obligation was not incurred, the September 15, 1942 at Camp the frustration of 1945. CMTC was the first contact with the military for a substantial number of individuals who subsequently became commissioned officers.

Equipment was the second major problem area. Iroquois soldiers of this period would have welcomed even obsolete equipment. Hardware for training was in short supply. In addition to manpower and equipment shortages, financing of the Organized Reserve program was precarious at best. Federal funds were cut to the bone. One military historian forthrightly refers to this as the period of budgetary strangu­ lation. 98th Division officers were cadre of CMTC trainees at Plattsburg Barracks in 1928. With the Depression, the mission of the 98th moved closer to community

5 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

While in training, the 98th became vitally involved in community service during the Kentucky floods of spring, 1943. Iroquois soldiers participated in many rescue operations of beleaguered farmers and also work­ ed in the fields to help salvage crops. Local civic leaders sent numerous commendations and other expres­ sions of thanks for a job well done. Bound for Tenesee-- Yea, no kiddin'. I got it in the latrine. You did?--Yeh, I hem·d we move Saturday night at 8.-­ Yeh, that's what they're saying--Hell, we'll be real veterans now." Training completed, division troops pass in review prior to embarkation. --from "The Seneca," the 889th Inf Regt. Magazine could get into the rut of garrison life, soared at the prospect of DOING alert orders arrived. Then the SOMETHING. Troop trains After completing mobilization training, personnel processing, and composed of troop sleepers, ancient equipment preparation called POM, converted Pullmans, and troop training, the unit moved to Tennessee Preparation for Overseas Movement, kitchen cars carried their human for combat maneuvers and from cargo to Fort Lawton, Washington. there to Camp Rucker, Alabama. By began. There more inspections ensued, but the time of arrival at Rucker the in a short period the 98th was on its division had passed its readiness test, WORLD WAR II DEPLOYMENT way. This time, the destination was and had turned its attention to the port of embarkation--Seattle, for refresher training. Then came the We're on a. secret mission--don't say further movement to Hawaii. wait for deployment. a word. Running towns and racing telephone posts. The muddy On April 19, 1945, the troop ships During this period, the Quarter­ Mississippi--Minneapolis. Kansas arrived at Oahu, Hawaii, where the master General of the Army grain waving in the sunlight--curious Iroquois soldiers relieved the 33d approved the Headquarters, and people. Ermined mountains--fish in Division of the responsibility for Headquarters Company, 98th Divi­ the Columbia. Slivers of tracks defense of the Hawaiian Islands, and sion "badge" which is still in use speeding past, front and rear. Where began training for Asiatic today. The colors blue and red we going? Who gives a damn! deployment. The Nazi Village symbolized the cooperation of the Finally, there was movement. training of Camp Breckinridge was Infantry-Artillery team, the blank After more than eighteen months of replaced by jungle school. scroll implied "here upon our deeds training and testing, the division As soon as the unit had mastered will be inscribed," and the indian prepared for deployment. Morale village fighting, night patrolling and head from the divisional patch, and the nine-sided monagon and the eight­ sided octagon indicated the numer­ ical designation of the division were included. Meanwhile, the stay at Rucker took its toll. What had started out optimistically as "Alabamy bound! Yipes! The Yanks are coming," became "Rucker--lovely jewel-­ Famed as the home of the Family Cockroach--What a dirty, filthy place ~~~ ~~!!~ this is!" Luckily for the morale the ArtiUerytruck in convoy plows through hub-high mud at Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky, during stay was not long. Before the division spnng field problem.

6 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

hip firing, attention turned to Then lwo Jima--what a battle--my amphibious training. Attack back is transport replaced troop ship in the Getting bed sores. What a way to fight. GI's vocabulary. Likewise, "over the Hold on, this is it. side" superceded "hit the ground" as "What have you got on Oahu, the most frequently heard order. Richardson?" To the Gis, the mission was now Just the 98th and 20,000 cases of beer, clear--participation in one of General Mac." Douglas MacArthur's island­ The hell with the 98th, General--Send hopping exercises. They were close to me the 20,000 cases of beer." the truth. What the War Department And we stay and the beer goes to war. had in mind for the 98th was not an amphibious assault on any island, but The slightly veiled frustration was 'Operation Olympic,' the invasion of universal. The majority of this Japan. Iroquois group had been together As the Pacific fleet and since organization in '42 and wanted MacArthur's ground forces moved to do what they had been endlessly closer to the island empire, War training for. Department strategists turned to For two hundred men, both officer planning the invasion of Japan. If and enlisted, frustration was short­ they had any doubts as to the ferocity lived. This group trained with Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet of the Japanese response to such a First division history booklet published campaign, the kamikaze pilots and and returned later as a combat during World War II. suicide infantry squads answered experienced nucleus for the division. mounted on landing craft and them. The planners called for two The two-hundred men participated invasions: Operations Olympic about in the Leyte Gulf landing in the covered the assault waves with November 1, 1945 on the island of Philippines by manning floating gun chemical fire against the Japanese Kyushu and Operation Coronet about platforms. As MacArthur's forces defenders. These men were awarded the Combat Infantryman's Badge for March 1, 1946 on Honshu. The 98th waded ashore, these Iroquois soldiers their actions. was planned to be one of the thirteen crewed 4.2 mortars which were Meanwhile, on Hawaii, training divisions involved in the invasion of continued as usual. Ultimately, Kyushu. The Iroquois soldiers were however, the combat destiny of the alert and ready. division was not to be influenced by As the Division continued its its scores on debarkation tests, but by amphibious exercises in Hawaii, an Army Air Force unit on the island many troops, unaware of the role of Tinian. The crew and weaponry slated for the division, became more aboard a B-29 bomber named Enola disheartened as months and Gay revolutionized warfare and campaigns passed them by. The cancelled the 98th's combat role. The attitude of the troops can be summed aftermath of the Hiroshima and up in a short selection from Seneca Nagasaki bombings changed the the 389th Infantry Regiment'~ situation in the Pacific radically. magazine: People inbued with the traditions of There's a war to be won, and you '·re bushido and hari-kari who were The boy's to do it. Let's have another expected to fight till the death were confused and unnerved by the mass beer. destruction. Japan capitulated Let's have another problem--need the practice. shortly thereafter. Let's have another inspection--your shoes are dirty. When did you bite your nails last? And rurnor·s fly--"and we invade Saipan"

7 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

WORLD WAR II - prevent detection. During the one There also were many intangible OCCUPATION DUTY hundred and thirty-six days that the aspects to the occupation role. The 98th was in Japan, 1,902 supply division handled all actions affecting Twenty-two days after the caches (referred to as "targets") were the Japanese through their existing surrender the 98th left Hawaii for processed. The items handled governmental structure, thus occupation duty. The mission was to included narcotics, silver (sixty tons contributing to the development of secure an area on the main island of from the Imperial Mint at Osaka), responsible government. Wartime Honshu encompassing the industrial weapons, ammunition, explosives press censorship ended. Friendship city of Osaka and the ancient (the Hirakata Arsenals alone yielded between divison troops and the imperial city of Kyoto. At the time of three and one half million shells and Japanese was immediate and embarkation, the War Department three million dies of various types widespread. There were no major could not predict the reaction of the and sizes), vehicles, and uranium incidents on either side. Signifi­ average Japanese citizen even from the atomic research facility at cantly, two groups which had fought though the government had the University of Kyoto. each other with a ferocity growing capitulated. So the 98th went combat Items which could be useful to the from hatred not only co-existed but loaded, and landed on September 27, populace were turned over to the also developed friendships. 1945 in assault formation. There was Japanese authorities for distribution. no resistance, so the unit looked to the But there were problems too, such The effectiveness of the division in more mundane problem of finding as finding adequate billets and this mission can be measured by the troop billets in an area of dealing with the declining morale of fact that only fourteen targets out of responsibility which had been troops who had been in uniform since nearly two thousand assigned were heavily bombed. 1942 and wondered why they still incomplete when the division was The division's major occupation were now that the war was over. relieved of its occupational responsibilities were: Ninety-three days into the occupation responsibilities. *Supervision of Japanese the problems of maintaining demobilization, effectiveness were compounded *Seizure and disposition of when the first four thousand property and material belonging to members of the "42 team" rotated their armed forces, home. *Complete destruction of their war On January 5, 1946, another 1,583 potential, and left. By the one hundred and *Re-establishment of the Japanese twentieth day of occupation, the civilian economy. major portion of the division had left­ In addition, the 98th was given a -officer strength was down by two civil affairs responsibility, including: hundred and fifty and enlisted by *Assistance to and repatriation of seven thousand! The new leadership foreign nationals imprisoned m drafted contingency plans for basic Japanese POW camps, and advanced training of *Supervision of industrial replacements. reconversion to civilian purposes, Paperwork played a big role in occupation During the rotation period the 98th *Liquidation of certain banks, duty- especially for these men in the Adjutant was faced with a typhus epidemic in *Intensification of the Japanese General's office at division headquarters. Osaka. The division Medical agricultural program in order to The performance of other facets of Battalion, understrength due to troop prevent famine, and the mission also was noteworthy. rotation, entered civilian service and *Supervision of the Japanese Division troops released seven broke the back of the epidemic. When distribution system. hundred and fifty Chinese from the U.S. Army Typhus Control These missions encompassed both Japanese POW camps, gave them Commission arrived later it praised military and civilian relief aspects-­ medical care, and processed them for the division effort and offered missions for which there had been no home. In the area of industrial additional support. The quick training. Nonetheless, tJ'le job was reconversion, more than one hundred suppression of the typhus outbreak completed with distinction. and sixty-five industries applied for was to the credit of the dwindling The major effort was the location, operation permits and over sixty number of Iroquois soldiers. seizure, and disposition of military began civilian production under the On January 17, 1946, the War supplies which often were hidden to division's supervision. Department notified the division that

8 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

it would be relieved of its occupation duties by the 25th Infantry Division. The command was thus disbanded within thirty days after the departure of the "42 team". For a short time, a unit called the 98th Provisional Detachment remained, but its sole purpose was to close out the division's records. The fighting team of the mud of Breckinridge that had been destined for the invasion of Japan retired its colors. And so it's build and build And dream and dream. And that day is near. But for now, just build and build. Post World War II Iroquois soldiers underwent intensive realistic combat training at Camp Paint and paint, police and police. Drum. lnspectr:on today, inspection count-ry ... It is a continuously str·ong Drum), N.Y. In addition, the tomorrow. Ame-rica which can make endu-ring The day is near division's command echelons peace. exhibited ability to react with But for now, paint and police. The Rochester Democrat & decisiveness in simulated invasions of Dream and DTeam, the day is het·e. Chronicle trumpeted the challenge: Stay with the outfit if you like, Europe. These exercises, emphasized "Sharply wa-rned that America But me-hell, I'm going home. the total force concept by combining faces no "b-reathing space " joT elements of the Active Component, -from the "Seneca" mobaization for the next emergency, Army Reserve and National Guard. (389th lnf. Reg. Magazine) four cr-ack ·upstate units of the Ot·ganized Reserve Corps, U.S. ATmy, A TRAINING CENTER IN RESERVE last night r·ejoined the ciPilian POST WORLD WAR II backbone of the military m·ight of the April 1, 1959, marked a decided DIVISION nation... The -reservists ... swung back change in mission and organization into the prepan dness role they for the division. Under provisions of Ten months and a few days after carried before Pearl HaTboT and TOE 29-7T, the 98th Infantry the divisional colors had been accepted the challenge to presert•e the Division (USAR) was to be sheathed in Osaka, the Iroquois integrity of the nation. " reorganized and redesignated the Division returned to reserve status 98th Division (Training) effective under provtswn of First Army May 1, 1959. Within thirty days, the General Order 152. Activation The division grew quickly from the major components of the division ceremonies were held on April 18, early days of 1947, under Rochester's were either reconstituted or 1947 in Syracuse, N.Y. amid the Colonel Kenneth C. Townsend, acting inactivated. The regimental growing realization that a more commander. Effective November 1, heritage, however, was retained-­ dangerous form of war or a more 1953, its combat ready status was thus, the 389, 390 and 391 Infantry demanding form of peace was recognized as the division was Regiments became BCT Regiments, evolving--the so-called Cold War. The "advanced from initial activation to the 392 Infantry Regiment was senior officer in attendance, Gen. maintenance status." Also in 1953, reactivated as an AIT Regiment and Courtney Hodges, the Commanding the Office of Military History, the Division Artillery was General of First Army, underscored Department of the Army, officially redesignated the 98th Regiment the worries of the age: designated the unit the 98th (Iro­ (CST). The "veterans" of the old "In these uncertain days sometimes quois) Infantry Division, thus recog­ infantry division, many with combat rejeTTed to as an uneasy A-rmistice, nizing its origins and heritage. service in World War II and Korea, when our leaders ar-e 'l.tTging that The 98th Infantry Division made the adjustment to the new America be kept strong and ready, the annually demonstrated its combat training role and diligently applied r eorganization of our reser ve readiness through field training their experiences in making the diuisions is of vital impo-rtance to the exercises at Pine Camp (now Fort recruit training realistic.

9 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

Throughout the sixties, Depart­ ment of the Army further refined the training division concept. But always the importance of heritage was given high consideration. Even with implementation of the brigade concept, the regimental designations remained with assigned battalions. With its new training mission the 98th Division became responsible for performing, not practicing, its mobilization mission. To test its preparedness, the division would counterpart annually with the U.S. Army Training Centers at Forts Di:x; and Leonard Wood, performing the complete training mission. The 98th has completed this realistic mission with distinction and superior ratings from the active component annually. The importance of this training mission cannot be overstated since a similar unit, the 100th Division, trained 36,000 troops in ten months Iroquois engineers at work during annual training at Camp Drum. when they were activated during the Rochester. Mission changes since thousands of drill hours have been Berlin Crisis in the early 60s--thus have been facilitated by the ability to devoted to performing mission skills relieving an entire active Army shift training battalions among for community improvement. Under infantry division for other duties at brigades. this good neighbor program, bridges the discretion of the President. The The designation of Drill Sergeants have been built, camps constructed, Iroquois soldier today is prepared for was a dramatic innovation. The parks improved, police and fire such a contingency. Army had always placed training in training facilities developed and One year (1968) produced two a priority category, but had not schools renovated among other major changes of lasting impact-­ authorized a trainer specialty. With activities. implementation of the brigade the creation of the Drill Sergeant The most extensive community concept and authorization of the Drill position, the training mission was support activity occurred in 1972. Sergeant specialty. The transition professionalized through individuals While the National Guard is from regiment to brigade was who would set the Army standard. normally the vehicle for disaster designed to provide greater The Drill Sergeant program was relief, divisional units became fully flexibility in assigning task conceived to standardize the highest committed to flood relief in the state's battalions. Thus, the 389th Regiment quality of initial entry training and to southern tier. The 3d Brigade was became the 1st Brigade (BCT), give added recognition and status to . primarily involved with assistance headquartered in Schenectady; the the basic trainer. The first class of from various other commands. For 390th Regiment became the 2d 98th Division Drill Sergeants two weeks the brigade operated Brigade (BCT), headquartered in graduated from the Fort Dix Drill twenty-four hours a day providing Buffalo; the 392d Regiment became Sergeant School in 1967. Since 1968, both emergency engineer and relief the 3rd Brigade (AIT-Engineer). the division has assumed the mission functions. Iroquois soldiers from headquartered in Ithaca and the only of preparing its own Drill Sergeants across the state brought truckloads of Engineer Pioneer training unit in the during home station and annual donated clothing and furniture. In so Army Reserve at the time; the 98th training. Today there are 514 Drill doing, they followed in the tradition Regiment became the 4th Brigade Sergeant positions in the 98th. of community support which had (CST), headquartered in Buffalo, and Community action became a new been established during the the 391st Regiment became dimension of divisional activity Kentucky flood of 1943 and relief Committee Group, headquartered in starting in the late sixties. Since then programs during the Depression.

10 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

REORGANIZATION with the exception of medical Army approved the plan June 30, "The Army must move forward commands, sixteen centers, seven 1975. Within forty days a division with the same momentum for the area maintenance (AMSA) facilities, planning group was charged to draft Reserve Components as we have done and civilian employees be transfered initiatives on forty-nine priority most recently for our active to the Iroquois Division for issues ranging from a revised component. We are willing to provide command, control and support. command structure to Annual the resources to do it even if it means In less than ten months the concept Training dates for the new assigned taking some resources away from would be refined, implementation units. In twenty-one days the other active forces. At the same time plans developed, coordination implementation plan was devised, we recognize that real improvements completed and the transfer executed. reviewed and approved. First are less rapidly realized in the An equipment light, training Army's Letter of Instruction was Reserve Components with their oriented division would assume issued on September 30. The limited duty time. But the Army responsibility for units varying in division's LOI followed forty-five must create for and within the authorized size from seven to two days later and the units were Reserve Components a momentum hundred and fifty-seven and in actual transferred in three increments that stems from the vital part they strength from 62.8% to 132%. Many of between December 1, 1975 and have in our Total Force." the units possessed million dollar February 1, 1976. Twelve active property books with equipment component officer augmentees and Gen. Walter T. Kerwin, Jr. densities exceeding that of the entire 30 training managers were Vice Chief of Staff training division. authorized to assist in the accelerated Gen. Kerwin's words well state the The timeline and tasks involved in workload created by the reorgani­ thrust for the 98th Division in the the transition dramatically zation. seventies. Reorganization became underscored the accomplishment. the by-word as two far reaching changes challenged division personnel. The first affected the division's span of command and control, and the second further refined its training mission. In March, 1975, Forces Command (FORSCOM) unveiled its plan for strengthening the management and evaluation of reserve units. This plan was based on a First U.S. Army study titled "Program 76 , Power to the Militia". One of the major deficiencies identified was the extreme geographical span of control Trainee gets instruction on M-60 machine gun. required of general officer commands. New York State was a practical example of the problem. The division commanded 3,450 reservists in ninty-nine units concentrated at nineteen upstate reserve centers. The New York City based 77th ARCOM was responsible for 18,200 reservists in 188 units - approximately 5,000 were assigned to thirty-seven units meeting in seventeen upstate centers. Under FORCOM'S Program to Improve Reserve Components (PIRC) it was recommended that all upstate units Division engineers build a bridge while undergoing transition training.

11 HISTORY OF THE 98th DIVISION

In 1977 the focus on reorganization training companies in Combat orientation. One further modification turned to the training brigades. As a Engineer and Engineer Specialty was that combat engineer training result of an analysis of the 1973 Arab­ skills. was repackaged in a One Station Israeli War, Training and Doctrine This reorganization required a Unit Training (OSUT) format. The Command (TRADOC) revised substantial re-training effort. The 1st change places the trainee in one unit wartime casualty projections and Brigade, formerly a basic training for all initial level training. This hence mobilization training needs. command, was organized to provide eliminates moves between units, and To fulfill these revised needs, the two combat engineer training can cut the required training time by mission and structure of the training battalions, one construction skills twenty-five percent. Expedited divisions were tailored to the training battalion, and one engineer arrival of replacements from this capabilities and needs of particular equipment training battalion. The system may provide the margin for training centers. Since the 98th 2nd Brigade, also formerly a basic victory in future contingencies. already had the only Engineer training command, and 3rd Brigade, Change always includes appre­ Pioneer Training Brigade in the formerly an advanced individual hension, but it has provided an reserve structure and considerable training unit, became combat opportunity in the past for expertise in Engineer training , it engineer training brigades. The 4th participation in steamlining the followed that the division would be brigade remained a common skills training base of the Army which is a assigned to Fort Leonard Wood upon training unit, but lost one training vital part of a realistic national mobilization. The refined mission of battalion. And the Committee Group defense. Iroquois soldiers have met the division would be to provide Ft. was redesignated Training and equalled the challenges of the Wood with an additional seventy-two Command and assigned an engineer past.

D/464 engineers demolish unsafe canal bridge during domestic Reservists support ecology efforts through recycling of cans and action project. bottles.

Third Brigade troops worked late into the night sandbagging Division aviation section flies many training, support and emergency Elmira Bridge supports during 1972 flood. missions.

12 THE 389th REGIMENT

The 389th Regiment is the fore bearer the mission, however. The 389th was Tactical annual training was and nucleus of the Division's First then designated to part of Operation conducted at Fort Drum, New York. Brigade. Historically, it was Blacklist. This operation involved REORGANIZATIONS constituted as an infantry regiment serving as an occupation force which on July 23, 1918, but was not fully supervised the demobilization of The 389th Infantry Regiment was organized. The regiment's formal Japanese armed forces and the redesignated and reorganized as the birthday is the same as that of the seizure and disposal of supplies, 389th Regiment (BCT) effective May division- 24 June 1921. equipment and installations of the 1, 1959. The regiment was responsible for rece1vmg 2,600 THE TWENTIES Japanese war machine. From headquarters at Kanaoka Barracks recruits and conducting them through In the twenties and thirties, the (a former cavalry post at Sakai, eight weeks of basic combat training. 389th like its sister regiments served Honshu) regimental teams located The veterans of the 98th Infantry essentially as a commissioned officer and demobilized "target" instal­ Division, many with combat manpower pool. From headquarters lations in Wakayama Prefecture, experience in WWII and Korea, in Albany, New York, the parts of Osaka Prefecture and on the made the adjustment to the new Regimental Commander supervised island of Awaiji Shima. In the island training role and diligently applied training that was designed to insure operation, two hundred and seventy­ their experience in making the individual readiness. At best, these nine officers and enlisted men recruit training realistic. Two other reservists could expect to serve supervised twelve hundred Japanese significant changes were made in the together as a mobilization cadre. workers in the demilitarization of late sixties. First, regiments were These citizen soldiers received no pay ninety target industries and a transformed into brigades. This other than that from infrequent military airfield. In addition, they brigade concept was designed to active duty tours. In addition, carried out the demolition of three allow force planners to tailor the equipment was unavailable. coastal defense fortresses. Further command by shifting assigned WORLD WAR II responsibilites included investigat­ battalions. The second was the Drill When the regiment was called ing B-29 crash sites, former POW Sergeant concept. With the up on September 15, 1942 for active camps, graves of American airmen, authorization of Drill Sergeant service at Camp Beckinridge, evidence for war crimes prosecution, positions, the professionalization of Kentucky, the majority of the eligible health hazards, unauthorized the training mission was further reservists had already been assigned retention of weapons, continued expanded. as individual replacements to other military training, resurgence of Today, soldiers of the 389th face active army units. However, the War military secret societies and black another reorganizational challenge. Department attempted to retain its market operations. All this was With the current refinement of the upstate heritage by assigning a accomplished while the division division's mobilization mission, the significant number of New York's experienced a thirty-two percent loss battalions have been assigned draftees to the unit. in officer strength and a sixty-one Engineer One Station Unit Training After the usual basic and advanced percent loss in enlisted strength over (OSUT) and General Subject training as well as unit tactical sixty days due to release from active Training (GST) responsibilities. maneuvers, the regiment was duty as well as emergency leaves. On Under the OSUT concept, a new assigned part of the division's mission February 26, 1946 the regiment was enlistee will receive all his or her of securing the Hawaiian Islands. inactivated at Sakai. training in one unit at the same U.S. This assignment relieved the 33rd Army Training Center. Division for service elsewhere in the POST WAR This heritage and home South Pacific. Initially, the 389th The regiment returned to its assignment are permanently provided assault and augmentation upstate New York reserve commemorated in the 389th unit teams for other deploying units, but assignment area on December 10, crest. This regimental shield has the then had personnel assets frozen. 1946. Initially, headquarters were blue field of the Infantry with the This was due to the fact that the 98th located in Albany. Later, in August rising sun from the seal of New York had been earmarked for the invasion 1948, the regimental colors moved to State in the lower right hand corner. of the Japanese home islands - code the new Schenectady headquarters. The five tongues of fire represent the named Operation Olympic. During the fifties, command of the five tribes of the Iroquois. The shield regiment was exercised by Cooper B. is surrounded by a gold band OCCUPATION OF JAPAN Rhodes who would later serve as the signifying the honor and integrity of The capitulation of Japan changed Commanding General of the division. the Regiment.

13 THE 390th REGIMENT

The 390th Infantry Regiment was extended exercise required ten not materialize - but the numbing assigned to the 98th Division on June weeks of demanding field duty to test effects of the destruction, poverty, 24, 1921. Although regimental units the system of command and control language and cultural isolation were were located primarily in western as well as the ability to perform the new challenges. As individual New York, the unit's crest was combat skills. Readiness test releases from active duty cut deeply designed to symbolize a key complete, the 390th and her sister into the regiment's strength, it was Revolutionary War military regiments were transferred first to relieved of its area responsibilities installation in central New York. Camp (now Fort) Rucker, Alabama, and assigned to secure Itami This insignia depicts the outline of and then to the United States Army Airfield. On February 16, 1946, the Fort Stanwix (Rome, NY) super­ Pacific command. 390th was inactivated at Kakano, imposed on the three critical water­ The 390th's initial Pacific Japan. ways the fort was designed to assignment was a defensive zone control - the Susquehanna, Black within the 98th's area of 1946-1960 and Mohawk Rivers. The back­ responsibility for Hawaiian Island The 390th returned to its upstate ground of the shield is infantry blue, security. Elements of the 390th also the rivers are depicted in white, and New York reserve assignment in the performed temporary security winter of 1946. The regimental the fort in gold and black. The missions on Palmyra, Fanning and regiment's motto is "ka-yeh-sa-hah". headquarters was organized in Christmas Islands. These islands are Buffalo December 19, 1946, with an Iroquois expression which freely parts of the Line Island group and are translates to "keep the flag flying". units at Amherst, Batavia, Medina, located south of the Hawaiian Niagara Falls, Perry and The motto finds its historical roots in islands. While in Hawaii, the the survival of Fort Stanwix during Salamanca. The three battalion regiment prepared for its next headquarters supervised the lettered an extended British seige. It was mission - the final assault of the companies "A" through "M", and during this seige that the "stars and Japanese home Islands. stripes" national colors came under were augmented by a Heavy Mortar Japan's surrender after the atomic Company (Perry), a Tank Company fire for the first time. Despite bombings at Hiroshima and (Niagara Falls), a Medical Company constant British bombardment and Nagasaki changed the regiment's (Amherst) and a Service Company threats of Indian attacks, the mission from assault to occupation (Tonawanda). Annual Training was garrison refused to surrender - the duty. However, intelligence officials colors were not struck. conducted at Pine Camp. The first were unsure how the Japanese people post-war regimental commander Through the twenties and thirties, would react to occupation. Would was Colonel James C. Mott, who the regiment served primarily as an there be organized resistance, would later serve as Division element for the continued training of sabotage or terrorism? Therefore, Commander. officers who were World War I directions on how troops would be Effective May 1, 1959, the 390th veterans. Like her sister regiments, deployed after landing were not Infantry Regiment became the 390th the 390th was maintained at cadre received until approximately two Regiment (BCT). However, this strength, authorized minimal hours prior to the dispatch of small mission change was not the equipment, and given instruction by Army-craft. The 390th was desig­ command's only organizational an advisor assigned by the Active nated the division contingency force challenge. Two regimental Army. Drills were generally of two and landed in the second wave at 0814 headquarters had to be created in the hours duration, and held in rented hrs on September 27, 1945. Buffalo area - one for Basic Combat facilities. Once ashore, the 390th was Training and one for Common assigned responsibility for N ara Specialist Training. The regimental WORLD WAR II Prefecture and designated targets in executive officer, Colonel Lester W. With the declaration of WWII and the Osaka Prefecture. From its Grawunder (later an Assistant the expansion of the Army, the 390th headquarters in a former aircraft Division Commander), and part of was ordered into active service (less radio factory of Matsushita the headquarters staff maintained personnel) and was organized at Industries at Shijio (northwest of the the 390th headquarters, while the Camp Beckinridge, Kentucky on industrical city of Osaka), the former regimental commander and September 15, 1942. After unit regiment assumed a wide range of other staff members created the new training, it moved to the Tennessee demilitarization, repatriation and headquarters, 98th Regiment. The maneuver area at Camp Forrest, public health responsibilites. The talent and capability of the former Tenn. for combat field tests. This fears of sabotage and terrorism did headquarters was attested to by the

14 THE 390th REGIMENT

organizational effectiveness of the two headquarters carved from it.

1961-PRESENT In 1966, the training capability of the regiment was put to a unique test. The active establishment was unable to accept all the recruits that had been enlisted by the National Guard and Army Reserve in addition to the draftees being processed for service in Viet Nam and other locations. Therefore, Operation Tri-Force was initiated with the active establish­ A regimental review formation in the 1930s. ment and the New York Army National Guard. The regiment's 1945 REGIMENTAL CALENDAR OF EVENTS contribution was to provide the 2 Jan - Lt Col Wm R. Means 8 Aug - First phase of field 3 Oct - Heavy rains reduce assumed command from Col problem completed.Russia joins bivouac area b.ack to r.fce training organization. Frank R. Schucker. war against Japan. paddies. The .'3 90th Regiment (BCT) was 21 Jan - Gen Harper presented 10 Aug - First news of Nip 5-6 Oct·- Regt loses battle with Expert Infantry Streamers at regtl surrender offer reached 390th rain-moves to Matsushita Radio redesignated the 2nd Brigade (BCT) review. men dispersed tactically among Factory near Terakawa, east of on January 31 , 1968. Shortly 16-21 Mar- "First Ba!tleofMakua kahuku ridges & valleys. Osaka. Pocket" (Field Ex.). 7 Oct- B & C companies occupy thereafter, one hundred and fifty-five 15 Aug - Tactical tng called off 6 Apr - Honolulu Army Day former Jap.anese military following Japanese surrender. enlisted slots were designated as Parade (in rain) . installations. 1-13 May - Rifle squad 17 Aug-6 Sep - Preparation for 11 Oct- M Co. occupied Yamato Drill Sergeant positions. reconnaissance patrols. movement to Japan as NavaiAir Base. Today, the battalions of the 390th 14 M ay~7 June- Platoon combat occupation force. 18 Oct • First A&R show. "Dee patrols. · Dee Tease" huge success. are undergoing a further 7 Sep - At 1130, 2Q-ship convoy 27 JUn - Another "battle" in headed westward from Oahu. 24 Oct - Redeployment of so­ reorganizational change. These units "Makua Campaign", · pointers under way. 21 Jut- Lt Col Means. promoted.to 20-S~tp - Stopover in Saipan. 11 Nov - First reenlistees sworn are in process of transition from BCT full .colonel. Parties visit island. into regular Army. units emphasizing infantry skills to 6 Aug - 390th RCT moved to 27 Sep - Regiment lands at Nov-Dec High-pointers ner­ One Station Unit Training (OSUT) Kahuku for 5-day field problem. Matsue near Wakayama & moved vously await ASA reductions as Use of Atom bomb announced. to Taisho Airport near Osaka. replacements undergo training. units emphasizing engineer skills. (EXTRACTED FROM THE "CANNONEERS POST', SUMMER 1981 j

A postscript, the 390th is one of the few elements of the di-vision which has an active group of former World War II membe'rs. Fifty veterans of Cannon Company, a composite unit ar·med with towed 105 howitzers and later with self propelled M-7's, are at present celebrating the end of thirty­ stx years of fellowship. Cannon Company publishes a newsletter entitled Cannoneer's Post as well as an annual holiday album. Members hold a convention every two year·s.

390th instructor tests trainee's proficiency in hand grenade throwing.

15 THE 391st REGIMENT

The 391st Infantry has a similar WORLD WAR II of us will forget", Ray reminisced history to other regiments of the 98th recently, "being surrounded by Following training at Camps Division, from its reconstitution June water while sleeping, living out of Breckinridge and Rucker, the 24, 1921 to inactivation February 16, a truck and walking knee-deep in regiment, command by Col. Oliver 1946 at Sakai, Japan. During the water for days, and finally drying out Trechter, assumed defense of the 1920's and 30's, home station training in an old cavalry stable where we Hawaiian Island of Maui in April, involved no pay, no retirement points promptly received a supply of lice 1944, simultaneously preparing for and no equipment. and a generous spraying of DDT." combat operations with amphibious However, the 391st's home training and jungle warfare, location, significant activities and its Quickly, however, the regiment culminating in advanced amphibious people were in turn unique and turned to its mission of securing training as a Regimental Combat outstanding. The 391st Infantry's "target" Japanese installations - Team in November 1944. In August, distinctive unit crest reflects its home more than 800 of them by February base, Rochester, New York. The four officers and 100 enlisted 1946. Notable was the takeover of personnel, mostly mortarmen, were regimental shield is the coat of arms millions of dollars worth of precious detached and later discovered to have of Colonel Nathaniel Rochester, a metals at the Osaka Naval participated in the invasions of Leyte Revolutionary War soldier and early Construction Depot and several and Luzon, operating LCI (Landing settler of the area for whom the city hundred thousand dollars worth of was named. The minuteman was Craft Infantry) "rocket ships". opium, heroin and morphine in a Nearly all were subsequently substituted for a bird on the original government laboratory at the awarded the Combat Infantryman Rochester family crest. The vertical Haraka Girls' School. Badge. stripes over the wreath and The regiment was denied a combat Brig Gen. Kenneth Townsend was minuteman are superimposed in role in Japan. However, Ray asked to organize the 98th Division blue, white and yellow, taken from Kennedy, of Muncie Indiana, then a after its reactivation December 19, the flag of the City of Rochester. member of Company G, remembers 1946. Brig. Gen. Edward J. well the regiment's amphibious Thompson, (then a Lt. Col.), to whom 1921-1942 assault landing at 0830 hours, 27 Townsend turned for help, assumed Col. Thomas Remington, a September 1945, on Blue #1 and command of the 391st, and the staff prominent Rochester lawyer, Yellow Beaches of Wayakama, began to fill. Most training amounted commanded the regiment through Southern Honshu. After marching to a refresher or renewal of skills the 20's and 30's. Officers from two of through rain and drying out at already applied in combat. NCO's his companies completed annual Taisho Airport, the regiment had provided recruits their basic training training by instructing the hardly set up its bivouac when the including familiarization with the volunteers in the CMTC - Citizens typhoon of 30 September hit. "None "new" 57 and 75 mm recoilless Military Training Camp. After completing the 4-year program, the civilian volunteer was commissioned. Col. Henry G. Lyon, Regimental Commander from 1956-61, remembers being a 1929 trainee at Fort Niagara, under Lt. Paul Reichel, later a Lieutenant Colonel in the post WWII regiment. Col. Ellwood Snider, one of the Reserve officers from the 391st conducting that CMTC Training, judged he would have been far better prepared and more confident in applying his

commission in the First World War, •.' had he had the same quality of . ; : ,>;.l training. Incidentally, Col. Snider, at The Officers of the 391st Regiment gather at Plattsburg Barracks for a group picture in 1938. 84, is believed to be the oldest living Regimental alumnus.

16 _T_H_E_3_91_s_t_R_E_G_IM_E_N_T______\I::I-- weapons. The regiment prepared itself for its combat infantry mission, testing occasionally with the rest of the Division in CPX's.

The regiment thrived with Col. Thompson literally doubling in brass as its Commander and as the Deputy Chief of Staff for the Rochester echelon of the Division staff. He left the regiment in March, 1951, for an assignment with New York Army National Guard's 105th AA Brigade. Col. William Danskin assumed command until June, 1956, when he was succeeded by Col. Lyon.

TRAINING MISSION (Above) 391st Infantrymen field training with recoilless ri fle. (Below) Reservists about By 1959, the 391st's m1sswn, to enjoy their labors in survival training. simply, was to train soldiers in Basic Combat Training (BCT). If combat veterans expressed frustration and disappointment at the change in objectives from Infantry to BCT, it was momentary. In succeeding years, the regiment organized to parallel the active forces at Fort Dix, N J, assemb ling a committee of instructors at regimental level to enable it to counterpart with post level organization. The immediate effect of the mission change in 1959 was dislocation of people for whom there were no slots and of units, for which there were no missions. General Parmelee recalls " ... a repackaging of units, to match organizations and people with the mission and location." A place was Infantry Regiment, and activated the command of the new born successor found for most of the infantrymen 98th Committee Group from its to the regiment the 98th Committee and the combat engineers, signalmen elements. The 98th Division Group (BCT). The battalions have and tankers. "Continue the march" (Training) was formed into four been shifted in successive tailorings was the prevailing spirit. brigades, paralleling force structure to BCT, Common Specialist Training at training posts. Battalion elements (CST), and One Station Unit CASING THE COLORS were reorganized as part of the 1st Training (OSUT) needs of the and 2nd Brigades. On 29 January Division's brigades. In December, Command of the regiment had 1968, Sergeant Major Henry Cudzillo 1978, the few NCO's remaining from passed in 1961 to Col. Richard J. helped the CO case the regimental the old regiment greeted the most Lindo. It was fully prepared all these colors. As he turned to make his last recent restructuring for engineer years to perform its mobilization inspection of the Regimental training at Fort Leonard Wood, MO. mission, but hardly for the end, Headquarters and 1st Battalion, who A new unit, the 98th Training which arrived abruptly. General would say nay to the fleeting moment Command has become the latest Order 55, Hq II US Army Corps, 24 of emotion in a veteran soldier's eyes? successor to Headquarters, 391st January 1968, inactivated the 391st Col. Ernest C. Burkhartt assumed Regiment.

17 THE 392nd REGIMENT

The 392nd Regiment and its returned to upstate after the war. Army Training Center-Engineer successor headquarters, the 3rd However, in the late fifties, Fort Leonard Wood, Mo. The two Brigade have had a unique history Department of Army took a close look weeks were spent concentrating on which varies from the experiences of at the 98th and twelve other Army hands-on training in Engineer AIT the division's other three regiments. Reserve Divisions. That close look led skills. Maj. Gen . Parmelee, who The Regiment has been both the to the training division concept. commanded the unit during the western most command from 1921 to Thirteen training centers in reserve critical time period, summed up the 1942, and the southern command were to be created, and each of these experiences. "We actually put every from 1959 to the present. Another centers (a training division) would field trooper through two weeks of unique factor is that the regiment did. need four training regiments. AIT - Engineer. We created for not serve with the division in World ourselves another company of War II, and for a fifteen year period TRAINING MISSION trainees. Everybody got a pair of its colors were retired. On April 6, 1959, the 392nd gloves. We were out there everyday Regiment was reconstituted, building the bridge - putting it INFANTRY REGIMENT redesignated as an Advanced together and taking it apart. There The 392nd was constituted on June Individual Training (AIT) Regiment was some apprehension as to whether 24, 1921. Like the 389th, 390th and and assigned to the 98th Division. that much hard work for some folks 391st, it had been authorized as an Twenty-five days later it was coming out of World War II might be element of the division during World activated in the Southern Tier with too much. But, it was a great War I mobilization, but was never headquarters at Ithaca. Personnel summer. Everyone got a kick out of staffed. The regiment was organized in January, 1922 with headquarters at Buffalo. Throughout the twenties and thirties, the 392nd was maintained at cadre strength. Practically all of the authorized positions were held by commissioned officers. The premise was that upon mobilization, the unit would be brought to strength and then trained by the cadre.

DISBANDED However, when the division was alerted for active service in World Iroquois soldiers build a foot bridge during engineer training. War II, the 392nd was not a part of the call up. The 98th Infantry for the command were drawn from it. And that great spirit to try has Division which had been organized as elements of the Division Artillery never left the brigade." a square division with four line which were disbanded with the In January, 1969, the 392nd regiments was in the process of being transition to training division. In less Regimental Headquarters was converted to a triangular structure than two months, these artillerymen reorganized and retitled Head­ requiring three line regiments. The would be at Fort Dix, New Jersey quarters Third Brigade (AIT - 392nd was relieved from assignment tasked with responsibility for a wide Engineer). This brigade concept to the 98th on January 30, 1942. range of AIT skills from Military paralleled changes in the active Thirty-four months later on Police to Combat Engineer. establishment and allowed tailoring November 11, 1944, the regiment was The first refinement of the training the command by shifting assigned disbanded and the regimental colors responsibilities narrowed the battalions. No mission changes were were retired. required effort to MOS fields of required, however. The 392nd Infantry, Artillery and Armor. In battalions were authorized to retain For fifteen years the 392nd 1967, a further refinement led to the the regimental colors, designation remained a ghost command - command being redesignated the and crest. disbanded, but not forgotten by force 392nd Regiment (AIT Engineer). AGNES planners. The division had retained That summer the regiment traveled The professionalism of the 3rd its triangular organization when it for the first time to the United States Brigade in its Engineer skills was

18 THE 392nd REGIMENT

attested to under field conditions in managed and over 103,000 sandbags the summer of 1972. On June 23, were filled and emplaced. Seventy Hurricane Agnes stalled over New truckloads of debris were removed York and Pennsylvania. Rain poured from public parks in Corning alone. down for a ten day period causing the On the 8th of July, the soldiers of the Chemung River to overflow its dikes 392nd phased out of the operation. and flood the cities of Elmira and The people of Elmira and Corning Corning. did not have to be told what the Army The Brigade was preparing to Reserve could do in an emergency. depart for Fort Leonard Wood. But, 1st Bn/392nd personnel were directly REORGANIZATION affected by the growing flood. The The division's primary engineer Corning Reserve Center was flooded mission assignment has not left the to the roof. What these southern tier 3rd Brigade unaffected. 392nd soldiers have assumed responsibility communities needed were engineers who could respond quickly and for One Station Unit Training effectively as a team. With First (OSUT) in Engineer Skills. The Army's concurrance, The Third OSUT concept places the trainee in a Brigade held annual training at unit within which he will complete all home station performing disaster entry level training (BT and AIT) relief. with the same cadre. It results in a shortening of the time period The scale of the action taken is still A view of bridge construction from below. dramatic nine years later. A radio required to train a new soldier. communications net was established The heritage of the 392nd is which is super imposed on the face, to control the command's efforts. For permanently commemorated in its represents the location of the original two weeks the brigade operated regimental crest. The shield is regimental headquarters - Buffalo, twenty-four hours a day - infantry blue with five horizontal New York. The motto "Pace et Bello distributing 1,000 tons of food and bars which symbolize the five Paratus" (Prepared for Peace and 312,000 gallons of water to flood counties from which the organization War) is placed at the base of the victims. Emergency shelters were recruits its personnel. The Buffalo, shield.

Third Brigade troopers and civilian volunteers worked through the night filling sandbags during flood emergency.

Reservists worked hard. often without relief at emergency distribution centers. Breweries in NY state supplied bottled drinking water being unloaded by soldier for distribution to flood victims in the Corning-Elmira, NY area.

19 THE COMBAT ENGINEERS

The capabilities and skills of the HERITAGE Battalion, and was activated six weeks later at Camp Howze, Texas. engineer are the areas of expertise The 464th was initially constituted After service in the Central for major elements of this command. on January 4, 1944 as the 1262nd European campaign, the unit was Three of our division's four brigades Engineer Combat Battalion. It was inactivated at Camp Bowie, Texas. are tasked with teaching and activated six weeks later at Camp Sixteen months later, the 1285th developing those engineer skills Shelby, Mississippi. After field Engineer Construction Battalion was which will contribute to the army's training and readiness tests the organized as a reserve unit with success and individual survival in battalion was committed to the h~adquarters in Buffalo. The battle. The division also has two European Theater of Operations, battalion was assigned its present combat engineer battalions and an wining the Rhineland and Central numerical designator on June 16, engineer construction company. European campaign streamers. 1948. This was not to be the last change, however. MISSIONS Since 1948, the 4 79th has undergone changes in status, mission and geographical locations. First, the Both the 464th and 479th Engineer battalion was disbanded on July 6, Battalions are combat engineer 1950. For nine years the 479th was no units. As such each is a corps level more than a future option for force organization which could be assigned planners. Then, in 1959, while the the responsibility of reinforcing the soldiers of the 98th Infantry Division organic engineer battalion of a were undertaking the transition to committed division or providing training division, the 479th was general engineer work such as organized as an amphibious engineer construction of barriers and 464th Engineer Bn. battalion with headquarters in defensive positions, landing strips, Watertown. For three and one half helipads, command posts, roads, years battalion personnel were bridges, culverts, fords and supply The unit was inactivated at facilities. The battalions can clear Fountainbleau, France during the obstacles, provide potable water and early summer of 1946. Eight months assist in assault river crossings, later the 1262nd was organized as a and engineer support for the oper­ reserve Engineer Combat Battalion ation of an independent brigade or with headquarters at Schenectady. division sized task force. Mission The battalion was assigned its responsibilities include both present numerical designation on engineer combat support and when June 16, 1948. necessary, the battalion can be further tasked to fight as infantry. While most reservists have never been involved in a contingency mobilization, the 464th had to carry The 770th Engineer Company is a out its preparedness plan in the late 479th Engineer Bn. construction support company, summer and early fall of 1961. The normally assigned to a Theatre Army battalion was ordered onto active involved in the establishment of or Corps level engineer construction duty on October 1, 1961 during the beachheads. The battalion was group. It is equiped to provide the Berlin crisis. The unit spent ten reorganized in its present mission raw material (crushed rock, sand and months on active duty assigned to configuration on January 18, 1963. paving materials) to the construction Fort Devens, Massachusetts. COMMUNITY SERVICE units. Mission responsibilities include crushing, washing and sizing The history of the 479th Engineer Both battalions are committed to rock, manufacturing paving Battalion is quite different than that sharpening missions skills through materials and drilling wells. This of the 464th. Only the World War II community improvement programs. unit is located in Penn Yan and roots and today's m1sswns are The 464th and 479th have completed performs its mobilization mission on similar. The 479th was initially a wide variety of engineer Annual Training each summer at constituted on February 22, 1944 as improvement projects which have Camp A.P. Hill, Virginia. the 1285th Engineer Combat benefited their neighbors.

20 THE COMBAT ENGINEERS

Engineers make good use of the land and building materials nature provides. Shown here, they are hard at work cutting logs for bridge supports with a two-man chain saw. Light-weight one-man portable chain saws have since replaced the older, bulkier ones in engineer units.

A division engineer checks level prior to construction of a bridge foundation at Fort Drum. Engineer units frequently build improvements and demolish obstacles in support projects to maintain skills and improve mission readiness.

A ribbon bridge is launched under the watchful eyes of division engineer personnel at Annual Training. The Ribbon Bridge is a transportable, rapidly erected bridge system used by today's highly mobile Army . ....

21 T_H_E__ c_o_M_M __ U_N_IC_A_T_O_R_s ______,~::~ __

tion - HHC, 348th and Company B, and the words 'command' and 413th Quartermaster Battalions. ' communicate' summarize the Since its reactivation, the group has group's mission. served as a command headquarters 98th SIGNAL BATTALION for seventeen units in Central, Northern, and Western New York­ Despite the obvious similarity in initially for the New York City based numerical designation, the 98th Communication systems are the 77th Army Reserve Comman-d Signal Battalion is not an organic nerves of the modern battlefield. Fast (ARCOM) and since 1975 for the 98th element of the 98th Division base. moving artillery and infantry forces Division. The battalion is a non-divisional as well as Army and Air Force Aerial Annual Training has presented headquarters unit with a mobiliza­ Delivery Weapons Systems require both significant challenges and tion mission to provide facilities extensive and immediately noteable successes. In 1973, the group to a field army, independent responsive communication networks was the only reserve unit selected for corps or a theater signal command. It that were unanticipated twenty years Operation Gallant Hand. The mission is responsible for planning, ago. The range, capabilities and was to support a joint Army and Air supervising and controlling, and available frequencies alone Force strike force with signal system installation , operation and constitute a revolution in technical engineering and control. During this maintenance of that portion of the sophistication. This constantly tactical exercise which ranged from theater or corps communication expanding electronic environment is Ft. Hood, TX to Florida, the 359th system operated by two to seven the area of expertise of the division's collected and analyzed information assigned signal companies. communicators - the 359th Signal from forty multi-channel systems Like the 359th, the 98th Signal Group, the 98th Signal Battalion and and over four hundred circuits. The Battalion also dates back to the early the 692nd Signal Company. AT 78 and 79 mission was command 40s. The battalion was first 359th SIGNAL GROUP and control of Fort Drum's field constituted on November 3, 1941 and communications. To fulfill this activated seven months later at Camp The 359th is designed as a corps or mission unit personnel performed Crowder, MO. Its wartime service theater level organization. It has the AT in phases spread over a four included four campaigns in the mission on mobilization of providing month period to insure continuity. Philippines area and occupation duty command and control for a AT 80 and 81 were conducted at in Japan. Both the Meritorious Unit maximum of seven signal operating Fort Bragg, NC where the group Commendation and the Philippines battalions. Responsibilites include participated in the largest Presidential Citation were awarded supervision of field telephone service, active and reserve component signal in recognition of mission perfor­ radio-teletype, air and motor exercises ever planned, and mance. The unit was inactivated on messenger service, data transmission commanded Army Reserve and May 31, 1946. The 98th Signal links, long distance radio, multi-pair National Guard signal battalions Battalion's reserve life started in 1948 cable construction and crypto­ augmented by separate signal and has witnessed geographical and graphic communications. companies. operational changes. During the The group's history dates back to fifties and sixties, it was stationed in World War II. During that conflict, two New Jersey communities - first the 359th supervised communica­ at East Orange and then at Montclair tions in South America from an - and operated under an affiliation operational base in Brazil. One of its with the New Jersey Bell Telephone responsibilities was to monitor and Company. The battalion was relay messages for Army Air Force relocated to the Rochester area on fighters and bombers being ferried to January 31, 1968. Personnel to staff the North African and European 359th Signal Group the Headquarters were drawn from areas of operations. The group was The 359th's unit crest summarizes two units undergoing deactivation - inactivated in late 1945. both mission and heritage. The basic the 411th Signal Company (Radio) On January 19, 1968, the 359th was colors- orange and white- are used by and the 286th Quartermaster reactivated at its present location - all signal units. A yellow diamond Company (SPT). Annual training Liverpool, New York. Personnel with a green border and a blue disk assignments have included tours at were drawn from two units are colors drawn from the Brazilian Forts Bragg, Drum, Gordon, and undergoing extensive reorganiza- flag. The electronic flash symbolizes Pickett.

22 THE COMMUNICATORS

The 98th Signal Battalion's unit 692nd SIGNAL COMPANY October 5, 1945. Ten years later the insignia reflects its mission and company was designated as a reserve The mission of the 692nd is to unit and organized at Plattsburg, provide communication center NY. It was relocated to the Rochester facilities for command units area on April 1, 1961. Annual operating within a corps area or field Training assignments have included army communications zone. The tours at Forts Bragg, Drum and company provides the full range of Gordon and Camp A.P. Hill, VA. installation, operational and maintenance requirements for radio, telephone, integrated mode THE KEY TO SUCCESS communications and messenger Responsive command and control 98th Signal Battalion services. are critical to success on the modern The 692nd was initially created on battlefield. And communication is previous service. The sea lion and February 22, 1942 as a Signal the key to timely and uniform eight rays of sun are drawn from the Reporting Company of the Aircraft execution which can mean the Philippines Presidential Seal. The Warning Service. After unit training difference between victory and torch held by the sea lion stands for at Ft. Dix the company was stationed defeat. Clearly, the 98th's com­ knowledge and the lightning flashes on the Ascension Islands in the South municators are significant elements the speed of communications. Atlantic. The unit was inactivated on of the Total Force.

Signal personnel discuss field problem during a joint signal A signal equipment trailer is loaded aboard a C-130 Hercules by exercise. 914th Aerial Port Flight. 98th Sig. Bn and 692d Sig. Co. took part in the joint Mobility exercise.

Signal personnel of the 98th Sig. Bn. visited historic sights in West Signal personnel install an antenna in the field during Annual Germany during a recent tour of Annual Training with their Training. mobilization counterparts in Europe.

23 THE PROVIDERS

Management and Logistics are key performed their initial Annual THE ORDNANCE BATTALIONS elements in determining the staying Training at Drum in the summer of The 98th's two ordnance battalions power necessary for mission 1950. This assignment has remained are corps support organizations accomplishment both at stateside through the years with the exception which can command and technically installations and on the fast moving of tours at Forts Devens (1970) and supervise up to six conventional, battlefield of the future. Both of these George G. Meade (1974-1976). special ammunition and guided elements characterize four units The garrison has refined the missile companies. Responsibilities within the division. Each unit is "counterparting" concept to a unique include the issue, receipt and storage designed to render the vitally needed degree. Its headquarters and of ammunition, maintenance and support - hence the title "The component sections provide limited modification of munitions, Providers". command, management and service and the disposal of unserviceable functions at Fort Drum year round rounds. The 300th Ordnance Battalion, headquartered in Tonawanda, will celebrate its sixtieth anniversary thirty-five days after the Division. It began its years of service in reserve status on July 29, 1921 as the 390th Motor Repair Section located at Kuntztown, P A. Fifteen years later as the Army struggled over which corps should be the maintenance proponent, the 390th was reorganized as the 591st Separate Quartermaster Battalion. The unit was called to active duty in December 1942. For two years it remained as a Medium Maintenance Battalion. During its last eighteen months of wartime service, it was known as the 64th Ordnance Group and partici­ pated in the Rhineland Campaign. Umpires review situation map during ARTEP-79, involving 1209th Garrison, 464th and 479th Engineer Battalions and 2nd Battalion, 392nd Regiment 3rd Brigade. The group was inactivated in November, 1945 at Camp Swift, THE GARRISON through an integrated plan which Texas. The 1209th United States Army coordinates inactive duty training The 300th's post-WWII history has Garrison provides its comprehensive and fragmented annual training. In been one of two sizes and cities. The installation management and addition, the unit performs vital 300th Ordnance Group was stationed services to units which train or are functions for the Division. Since the at Syracuse from 1946 to its end on stationed at Fort Drum. The 1976 Program to Improve Reserve July 31, 1950. Seventeen and one-half Garrison dates to 1948 when a Components (PIRC), the 1209th has years later, HHC, 300th Ordnance composite training group was served as command headquarters Battalion came into existence at its organized for reserve officers in the controlling the 464th and 479th present location- Tonawanda, New Syracuse area who were unassigned Engineer Battalions, the 413th York. The battalion is responsible for to troop program units. In 1949 this Supply and Service Battalion, the command and control of two units group was retitled the 1015th Officer 1018th and 1019th Supply and that are not organic to it- the 409th Reserve Army Support Unit and Service Companies and the 770th Personnel Services Com pan y and assigned the responsibility to Engineer Company. The Aviation the 277th Quartermaster Co. supplement and permanent party at Section is assigned to the Division (Petroleum). The unit crest was Drum (then called Pine Camp). The Flight Facility at Hancock Field. approved in 1971 and reflects both garrison received its present The 1209th does not have an mission and reserve assignment. It is numerical designation and was individual unit crest, thus Garrison a gold device consisting of two wavy expanded to include enlisted personnel wear the crest of bars -the outer white and the inner personnel in 1950-51. Unit members Headquarters, 98th Division. blue - which form a pentagon.

24 THE PROVIDERS

i"'' The 1018th and 1019th S&S Companies perform many support functions as shown above. Within is a black firebomb with a golden arrow symbolizing ligistics, a France and the Rhineland. After flame. The firebomb symbolizes the Fleur-de-lis superimposed on the twenty-nine months of active service, 300th's mission and the wavy bars­ arrow and a Flaming Firebomb on the 538th was inactivated at Niagara Falls. either side of the arrow. Kind burg, Austria. It was organized as an Army Reserve unit and The 332nd Ordnance Battalion, redesignated the 413th Quarter­ headquartered at Watertown, was SUPPLY AND SERVICE master Battalion in 1947. Since then formed in August, 1943. During its The 413th Supply and Service it has been located in two New York twenty-six months of active service, it Battalion is a logistical unit which communities - Brooklyn (1947-50) participated in three campaigns - could be assigned to a corps support and Schenectady (1963-to the Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace and command or a Theater Army Area present). In the sixties, elements and Central Europe. It became a reserve Command. Through its two to six individuals from the battalion's unit in February, 1947 at its present operating companies, it provides 1018th Supply and Service Company location. The battalion was the initial supply, petroleum, bakery, bath and were activated for duty in the First Class reserve unit in New York clothing exchange, decontamination, Republic of VietNam. The 413th has State- its members were the first to clothing and textile repair, and performed Annual Training at Forts receive pay in addition to retirement graves registration services. The Drum, Lee and Leonard Wood. In points. The 332nd has performed battalion, headquartered at addition, it served as First Army's Annual Training at Forts Dix, Drum Schenectady, exercises command of primary service and support and Pickett, Seneca and Lexington the 1018th and 1019th Supply and battalion for mobilization exercise Depots, Redstone Arsenal and Army Service Companies. "Proud Spirit 80". posts in Germany. The Battalion is The unit's motto, "Look To Us", has The battlion's unit insignia is a gold the next higher headquarters of the set the standard since its inception. heraldic rose on which is centered a 309th Ordnance Company, The battalion was created as the black two-headed eagle. The rose Elizabethtown, New York and the 538th Quartermaster Group in 1944. denotes England where the unit was 962nd Ordnance located at After initial organization and formed, and the eagle symbolizes Plattsburgh, New York. staffing in Great Britain, it served in Austria where the unit was The battalion's crest consists of a two major campaigns - Northern deactivated.

300th Ordnance Battalion (DS/GS) 332d Ordnance Battalion (DS/GS) 413th Supply & Service Battalion

25 THE CIVIL AFFAIRS COMPANY

The Division's four civil affairs EVOLUTION OF CIVIL AFFAIRS cellular in size and capabilities. Each companies - the 401st, Rochester In 1948, this special mission was is made up of technically qualified (Webster), the 402nd, Buffalo assigned to the United States Army personnel. (Tonawanda), the 403rd, Syracuse Reserve. General Order 278 issued by READINESS TRAINING (Liverpool), and the 414th, (Utica) First U.S. Army activated the 401st, are unique to the Army Reserve and 402nd and 403rd on 1 Dec. 48. A wide range of training methods perform a vital supportive role to Initially they were called Military are employed to keep these teams at a both military organizations and the Government Companies, a title state of high proficiency. One method civilian communities of a war-torn which stressed their operational used is during Inactive Duty nation. duties in the absence of civilian Training joint training seminars and THE NEED authority. As the functions were work projects are conducted with Envision a foreign battlefield refined and emphasis added on local governmental and civilian hours after the combatants have advisory and co-operational roles, the agencies. Also, community projects moved forward. As the civilian units were redesignated Military with human service agencies have populace returns, they are faced Government & Civil Affairs Com­ been utilized. Weekend command with immense physical destruction panies in 1956, and finally Civil post exercies (CPXs) serve as and disruption of services and their Affairs Companies in 1959. mobilization tests stressing tactical way of life. Utilities (water, gas and defense skills and civil affairs electric) and facilities (health care, The 401st was initially organized mission assignments. sanitation and transportation) are in New York City and then moved to unavailable. Food, fire and police its Rochester-area assignment in During Annual Training, once protection are non-existent, and 1950. The 402nd and 403rd are every three years the companies refugees are pouring in from the new located in Buffalo and Syracuse normally participate with similar area of conflict. respectively. The 414th, located in units in extended Civil Affairs Prior to World War II, it was the Utica, was activated in 1949. Each ARTEP training, which includes a already overburdened, senior company is commanded by a four or five day field exercise. The tactical commander who had to bring Lieutenant Colonel and has an ARTEPs emphasize mission order to this chaotic scene. In World authorized strength of 50 officers, 1 assignments with a fluid, tactical War II, the War Department warrant officer, and 74 enlisted environment in designated or recognized the need for individuals personnel. hypothetical nations. The functional and units specially trained to help teams complete m1sswns while restore vital services and local exposed to guerrilla attacks, government and created the military MISSION ambushes, and infiltration attempts. government companies which During the other two out of every performed that mission with The mission of the Civil Affairs three ATs, the units participate in a distinction. Company is to assist the major variety of training, such as attending theater or area commander in the the Civil Affairs School at Fort discharge of his responsibilites to the Bragg, foreign area studies at the civilian population, government, and Foreign Service Institute in economy. Although specific functions Washington, university training, depend on the type and size of the community service projects, and command and community served, other types of missions. Civil Affairs Companies generally provide assistance to or operational The results of this training are management of public health, reflected in the Superior Unit sanitation, civil defense, public Citations and the Letters of communications, law, public safety, Commendation which the companies food and agriculture, welfare, have received for their readiness, education, public works and utilities, training, and mission performance. transportation, public finance, labor, Two of the companies have received Civil Affairs arts, monuments, and archive the Bell for Adano Trophy recog­ services. These capabilities are nizing them as the outstanding tailored to specific needs through Civil Affairs unit in the eastern functional teams. These teams are United States.

26 USAR SCHOOLS

Pledged in the professional THE ENROLLMENT THE SIXTIES AND SEVENTIES development of reservists and CHALLENGE If the sixties were a time of school national guardsmen that is the The faculty of the schools face a reduction, they were also a period of unofficial slogan of the Army promise. The schools prepared Reserve schools. In the early nine­ unique series of challenges. Staffing, for example, is dependent on the position papers on reform of the teen-fifties, Department of the Army officer education system for recognized the need to update and number of students registed and therefore is subject to annual review presentation to the Hollingsworth upgrade the military educational Board. This Active Army panel, qualifications and skills of reserve of the Table of Distribution Allowances (TDA). This creates chaired by then Lieutenant General component personnel. After a study Hollingsworth, studied and of how this educational need could operational and personnel problems in planning for the school year, and recommended the upgrading of best be fulfilled, numbered school requires the optimum professional military educational requirements units were authorized upstate at response during annual training. for officer promotion which are in Buffalo (the 1027th), Schenectady effect today. A central figure of this (the 1045th), Syracuse (the 1046th), During the two week tour, the school faculty assumes responsibility for effort and the period was the former Rochester (the 1047th) Binghamton 1159th Commandant, Col. Spurgeon (the 1048th), and Elmira (the 1052nd) instruction of enlisted skills, in officer basic and advanced courses, or the B. Wuertenberger. After this tour of in the fall of 1952. Command and General Staff College command, the colonel, now a MISSION program for officers drawn from all Brigadier General (retired), served From the beginning, these schools over the country. as an assistant division commander were assigned two major missions. of the 98th. First, they are to provide non­ Through the fifties, the enrollment In the seventies, the schools resident instruction on a wide range of World War II and Korean War experienced further changes of of subjects. Each program is veterans was sufficient to support the reporting headquarters. After an reviewed and approved by the six schools. However, in the sixties, extended period under the 77th appropriate Army Service School or enrollment dipped. As a result, some ARCOM, the upstate schools were College. Virtually, whenever schools were dropped or merged. transferred to the Iroquois Division sufficient student need exists, the First, the Syracuse school (1158th) in Feb. 1976. Today, the 1151st schools are to conduct officer courses, was discontinued in 1963, followed by (Buffalo), 1157th (Schenectady) and non-commissioned officer programs, the 1161st (Elmira) at mid-decade. 1159th (Webster) assist members of and Military Occupation Specialty Lastly, the 1160th (Binghamton) was all components of the Army in (MOS) training. This requires the merged into the 1159th in 1974. expanding their military education. school faculty to become effective instructors on a wide variety of topics with very short leadtime to prepare. Second, the faculty must be ready to individually augment the service schools, on mobilization. Further, the reserve schools may be assigned responsibility for post-mobilization training of alerted reserve units. For the first six years of existence. the schools were directly accountable to Headquarters, First United States Army. In 1959, control was transferred to the Second United States Army Corps. With this reporting change, the schools were renumbered into the series which are used today. However, this would not be the last change in general officer headquarters that the schools would experience.

27 THE 98th DIVISION'S CASED COLORS A ----\U In 1959, the 98th Infantry Division underwent a major reorganization and was transformed into a training division. Many of the division's components were deactivated. They were predominantly elements of the Division Artillery and Special Troops (combat, combat support and combat service support units).

DIVISION ARTILLERY Six artillery units have played a part in the division's sixty year history. The first of these, the 368th Field Artillery (FA) was formed as a part of the 98th Division in the Fall of 1921. Regimental Headquarters and the First Battalion were located in '..t;,. ~"':' 0 Rochester, the Second Battalion in L - ., ~ -6 v Buffalo. The 368 was authorized A pre-World War II fire mission conducted by Division artillery battalion being observed by DIVARTY personnel. horsedrawn 75 mm howitzers. Its unit crest with the proud motto "in all In April, 1947, the 368th was one attached artillery battalions. In things prepared" was approved on reactivated in Buffalo, New York. 1959, it was reorganized and March 10, 1925. During the 40s and 50s it conducted redesignated as HHC, 98th Regiment Annual Training at Pine Camp, New at Tonawanda, N.Y. With World War II approaching York. The battalion was disbanded in The .'1 69th FA began its period of the unit was converted from 1959 during the general organization service as a regiment on Sept. 13, horsedrawn to truckdrawn artillery of division. 1929. During its initial month it was in 1939. Its officers were ordered to The 173rd FA B rigade was assigned to the 77th Division and take physicals for active service in organized in January, 1922 at then was transferred to the 98th on 1940. In 1941 the 368th FA Regiment Syracuse. On January 20, 1942 it was October 26, 1929. The 369th was was redesignated the 368th FA reorganized and redesignated reorganized from a FA regiment to a Battalion (105 mm). The battalion's Headquarters, 98th Division medium FA battalion (155 mm) in WWII experience was preparing for Artillery (DIV ARTY). After WWII 1942. After World War II service it the invasion of Japan, serving as a service, it was reactivated as the was reactivated at Ithaca and security force in Hawaii, and finally command and control headquarters remained there until reorganization as a part of the occupation in Japan. for the division's four assigned and in 1959.

367th FA 369th FA 923rd FA

323 ENG BN 323rd MED BN 98th Recon TRP 98th SUPPORT BN

28 _r_H_e_g_st_h_o_lv_l_s_lo_N_'_s_c_A_s_e_o_c_o_L_o_R_s______~I:JI--

The division's two remammg A and B of the 323rd were served with the 98th Infantry artillery battalions were the 367th and redesignated Companies G and H Division. The 98th Cavalry the 923rd. With reorganization in (Engineer AIT) of the 392nd Reconnaisance Troop served as the 1959 both units were disbanded with Regiment. The rest of the battalion eyes of the division during WWII. the exception of one battery. The was disbanded on April 6, 1959. The unit re-entered the Reserve on March 12, 1947 at Horseheads, New division's new Advanced Individual The division's organic medical York, as the 98th Mechanized Training (AIT) Regiment the 392nd, command, the 323rd Medical Cavalry Reconnaisance Troop. The was to instruct a wide range of Regiment, also dates back to the early unit's name was simplified to the 98th Military Occupation Specialties. twenties. Its unit crest was Recon Company in 1950 and that it To assist in this mission Battery A of authorized on October 12, 1925. In remained until disbanded on April the 367th was redesignated Battery 1932 the medical regiment was 21, 1959. The 817th Tank Battalion F (F A-AIT) of the 392nd Regiment. redesignated a medical battalion was attached to the division in the with a Headquarters Company, an fifties. This unit had seen extensive The division's sixth artillery unit Ambulance Company and a Clearing European service in WWII. On April was an attached unit. The400thAnti­ Company. After WWII service the 6, 1959 Company A of the 817th was Aircrajt Artillery (AAA) Bn had 323rd Medical Battalion was reformed as Co. D (Armor AIT) of the seen extensive WWII service in reactivated at Buffalo. The 392nd Regiment. The rest of the Europe and remained with the Ambulance Company was changed to division until reorganization. Bat­ Company L (Medical AIT) of the battalion was disbanded. Fragmen­ tary records indicate that a 398th tery A of the 400th became Battery E 392nd regiment in 1959. The rest of Heavy Tank Battalion in Buffalo was (Air Defense Artillery - AIT) of the the unit was disbanded. 392nd Regiment in 1959. The rest of also a part of the division the battalion was disbanded. Three cavalry and armor units immediately after the war. SPECIAL TROOPS The division's artillery commands were not the only elements affected by reorganization. A variety of other combat, combat support and combat service support units were also disbanded or reorganized in 1959. These units would be called today collectively the division base. But during WWII and the immediate post war period they were called special troops. The 98th's combat engineer unit was the 323rd Engineer Battalion. It was initially organized in the early .A 323rd Combat Engineers twenties as the 323rd Regimental prepare to launch a Engineers. Its unit crest with the bridge boat. motto (Clear the Way) was approved on May25, 1925. AtthestartofWWII the 323rd was redesignated a combat Engineer Battalion. Its mobility and countermobility capabilities required constant training in the use Special care is taken ..by of pontoon bridging and flame­ throwers. 98th Recon tank crew loading ammunition After WWII the battalion was aboard. reactivated at Rochester. In 1959 two of its companies became the forebearers of the division's mission today- engineer training. Companies

29 THE 98th DIVISION'S CASED COLORS

The division's organic signal unit, 392nd Regiment. Troops was reactivated in 1946 at the 98th Signal Company, was first The 98th Military Police Platoon Syracuse, New York. The unit was organized in the 1920s. After WWII was reconstituted as a reserve unit in redesignated the 98th Replacement service, it was reactivated in Buffalo. 1946 as the 98th MP Company in Company and transferred to Corning At the end of the 1940s it was Elmira. The MP company was in 1949. However, this was not to be composed of twelve officers and over redesignated Co. M (MP AIT) of the the last change. Replacement three hundred enlisted personnel. 392nd Regiment in 1959. Company was renamed Receiving The signal company was inactivated Company in 1959, and then merged on April 21, 1959. The two remaining organic with Transportation Company, elements of the infantry division- the Support Company and the Division The 798th Ordnance Company 98th Quartermaster Company and Band into the Rochester based (light maintenance) was reactivated Headquarters, Special Troops- have Support Company and Band on after World War II service as the a functional continuity to the present. January 31, 1968. Support Company 798th Ordnance Battalion in The 98th QM Company was replaced and Band was upgraded and retitled Syracuse. Company A of the 798th in 1959 by the 98th Transportation 98th Support Battalion in 1970 and survived reorganization in 1959 as Company and the 98th Support finally, Headquarters Command in Company K (Ordnance AIT) of the Company. Headquarters, Special 1979.

Division Military Police go over convoy routing plans. Mechanics work on truck engine in motor pool.

Marksmanship competition highlighted joint training activities of A field artillery crew at work. former division unit and Canadian Militia. Above, high scorers congratulate each other.

30 FORMER DIVISION COMMANDERS

Eleven distinguished general mobilization in 1942. The fo rmer officers have commanded the 98th Co mmand e rs are li s ted in Division since its activation and chronological order as follows:

Maj. Gen. Paul L. Ransom Maj. Gen. Me K. Harper 1942-1943 1944-1945

Maj. Gen. George Griner Brig. Gen. Kenneth Townsend 1943-1944 1946-1949

Brig. Gen. Hugh Barclay 195Q-1953

Maj. Gen. John W. Morgan Maj. Gen. James C. Mott Maj. Gen. Cooper B. Rhodes 1953-1957 1957-1960 196D-1964

Maj. Gen. Laddie L. Stahl Maj. Gen. Harry S. Parmelee 1965-1976 1976-1979

31 98th DIVISION TODAY

Brig. Gen. Norbert J. Rappl Col. Dean L. Linscott Deputy Division Commander Assistant Division Commander

Col. John C. Rogers, Jr. CSM Robert C. Roberts Senior Army Advisor Command Sergeant Major

Col. Dominick F. Passalacqua Chief of Staff

.

'

. Q. 4 ''- . -·~ ----- """, ~-. ./lfl i"

Lt. Col. Richard W. Konz Lt. Col. Robert G. Stephens Lt. Col. Frank T. Panczyszyn Lt. Col. Spencer I. Radnich, Jr. Assistant Chief of Staff, G 1 A ssistant Chief o f Staff, G2 Assistant Chief of Staff, G3 Assistant Chief of Staff, G4

32 MAJOR UNIT COMMANDERS

Lt. Col. Theodore W. Stigler Col. Johnnie M. Wilson, Sr. Col. George F. Seiferth, Jr. Col. George F. Crowe Cdr. Headquarters Command Cdr, Training Command Cdr, 1st Brigade Cdr, 2nd Brigade (Engr OSUT) (Engr OSUT & GST)

Col. Lee P. Cornaire Col. Barclay 0. Wellman Col. Anthony J. Maceri Col. Billie T. Bowers Cdr, 3rd Brigade (Engr OSUT) Cdr, 4th Brigade (CST) Cdr, 359th Signal Group Cdr, 1209th US Army Garrison

Col. Anthony J. Smaczniak Col. John A. Dean Col. Mario J. Pirrello Commandant, 1151st USAR School Commandant, 1157th USAR School Commandant, 1159th USAR School

33 UNITS AND LOCATIONS

Auburn USAR Center Elizabethtown USAR Center Shelby USAR Center 174 South Street, Auburn. NY 13021 Water & Cross Streets, Elizabethtown, NY 12932 Maple Ridge Road. Medina. NY 14103 Co. E, 2d Bn, 391st Reg!. 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 309th Ordnance Co. (A mmo) (DS/ GS) Co. A, 2d Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT)

Batavia USAR Center Niagara Falls Armed Forces Reserve Center 205 Oak Street, Batavia, NY 14020 Glens Falls USAR Center 9400 Porter Road, Niagara Falls, NY 14304 2 Parker Street. Glens Falls. NY 12801 2d Bn, 390th Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 3d Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) HHD, 3d Bn, 390th Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) HHD, 2d , Bn, 390th Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 1st Bn. 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. B. 2d Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A, 3d Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) HHC, 1st Bn, 3891h Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. C. 2d Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. B. 3d Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A, 1st Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. C, 3d Bn, 390th Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. D. 2d Bn, 390th Regt. 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. 8 , 1st Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. E. 2d Bn, 390th Regt. 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. D, 3d Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. C, 1st Bn, 389th Reg!, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. E, 3d Bn, 390th Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. 1st Bn. 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) D. 277th OM Co (Petrol Supply) Binghamton USAR Center GSA Building, Hoyt Avenue, Binghamton, NY 13901 Norwich USAR Center 3d Bn, 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) CPT Alden 0, Allen USAR Center 20 South Broad Street, Second Floor. HHC, 3d Bn, 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Upper Lake Road, Horseheads, NY 14845 Norwich, NY 13815 Co. A, 3d Bn, 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) 2d Bn, 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde {Engr OSUT) Co. B, 3d Bn, 392nd F\egt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) 3d Bn, 391st Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) HHC, 2d Bn , 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. C, 3d Bn, 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) HHC, 3d Bn, 391st Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A, 2d Bn, 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. D, 3d Bn, 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. D, 3d Bn, 391st Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. B, 2d Bn, 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. E, 3d Bn. 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. E. 3d Bn, 391st Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. C, 2d Bn, 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A, 464th Engineer Bn (C) (C) Co. B. 464th Engr Bn (C) (C) PFC Robert J. Manville USAR Center 969th Maintenance Co. (Fwd Dir Spt) Lafayette & Park Streets. Ogdensburg, NY 13669 Amherst USAR Center 100 North Forest Road, Buffalo, NY 14221 Co. A, 479th Engineer Bn (C) (C) 2d Brigade (Engr OSUT) SGT Reynold J. King USAR Center HHC, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 101 Sunrise Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 Olean USAR Center 1st Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 423 West Riverside Drive, Olean, NY 14760 HHC, 1st Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A, 1st Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) HHC, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) 3d Bn, 98th Regt, 4th Bde (CST) Co. A, 3d Bn, 391st Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A, 3d Bn, 98th Regt, 4th Bde (CST) Co. B, 1st Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. B. 3d Bn, 391st Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. B, 2d Bn, 98th Reg!, 4th Bde (CST) Co. C. 1st Bn, 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. D, 1st Bn, 390th Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. C. 3d Bn. 391st Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Lt Veh Driving Tng Com Co. E, 1st Bn. 390th Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 1st Bn, 391st Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Fort Ontario USAR Center HHC, 1st Bn. 391st Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Jamestown USAR Center Schuyler & East 9th Street, Oswego, NY 13126 Co. A, 1st Bn, 391st Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 301 Hazeltine Avenue, Jamestown, NY 14701 Co. D, 479th Engineer Bn (C) (C) Co. B. 1st Bn, 391st Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 2d Bn, 98th Reg!, 4th Bde (CST) (Mech) (Comm) Co. C. 1st Bn, 391st Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A. 2d Bn, 98th Regt, 4th Bde (CST) 4th Brigade (CST) Co. C. 2d Bn, 98th Reg!, 4th Bde (CST) Tee 3 Olaf A. Frederllksen USAR Center HHC, 4th Bde (CST) Cornwell & Clinton Streets, Penn Yan, NY 14527 1st Bn, 98th Regt (Food Svc/ Sup Bn), 4th Bde (CST) 770th Engineer Co. (Const Spt) HO, 1st Bn , 98th Reg!. 4th Bde (CST) Food Svc Com, 1st Bn , 98th Reg!, 4th Bde (CST) Little Falls USAR Center Supply Com, 1st Bn, 98th Regt, 4th Bde (CST) 18 Church Street, Little Falls, NY 13365 PFC Harold P. Lynch USAR Center Co. A , 1st Bn, 98th Regt, 4th Bde (Engr OSUT) 76 Peru Street, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 Co. B, 1st Bn, 98th Regt, 4th Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. B, 2d Bn, 389th Reg!, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) nd Ordnance Co (Ammo) (DS/GS) Co. C, 1st Bn, 98th Regt, 4th Bde (Engr OSUT) 962

James W. Wadsworth USAR Center Leman-Whyman USAR Center 1 L T James McConnell USAR Center 2035 N. Goodman Street, Rochester, NY 14609 Charlotte Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424 Electronics Parkway, Liverpool, NY 13088 Training Command Co. D. 464th Engineer Bn (C) (C) 359th Signal Group 403d Civil Affairs Co HHC, Training Command 425th Military Intelligence Detachment Special Training Company Canton USAR Center 454th Military Intelligence Detachment HHC, 98th Division (Tng) 45 West Main Street. Canton, NY 13617 Headquarters Command Co. C. 479th Engineer Bn (C) (C) HHD, Headquarters Command Supply, Equipment & Transportation Co PVT P.J. McGrath USAR Center Quality Test Management Group CPL Frank W. Hayes USAR Center 85 Robinson Road, Massena, NY 13662 98th Division (Tng) Band 51 Aisne Street, Corning, NY 14830 Co. B, 479th Engineer Bn (C ) (C) 1st Bn, 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) SGT Horace D. Bradt USAR Center HHC, 1st Bn, 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) 1201 Hillside Avenue, Schenectady, NY 12309 Co. A, 1st Bn, 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) William H. Seward USAR Center Co. B, 1st Bn, 392nd Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) East Molloy & Townline Roads, Mattydale, NY 13211 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. C, 1st Bn. 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) HHC, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) 1209th US Army Garrison Co. C. 3d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. A, 2d Bn, 389th Reg!, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. D, 3d Bn, 389th Reg!, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) East Palmyra USAR Center 3d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. E, 3d Bn, 389th Reg!, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) South Creek Road, East Palmyra, NY 14444 HHC, 3d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OTUT & GST) 1157th USAR School 2d Bn, 391st Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. A, 3d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) 464th Engr Bn (Cbt) (Corps) HHC, 2d Bn, 391st Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. B, 3d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) HHC, 464th Engr Bn (C) (C) Co. A, 2d Bn, 391st Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. F, 3d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. C. 464th Engr Bn (C) (C) Co. B, 2d Bn, 391st F\egt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. G. 3d Bn, 389th Aegt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) 413th Supply & Service Bn Co, C, 2d Bn. 391st Reg!, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) 1019th Supply & Service Co. (OS) HHC, 413th Supply & Service Bn Co. D. 2d Bn, 391st Regt, 2d Bde (Engr OSUT) Leadership Academy, Training Command 101Bth Supply & Service Co

34 UNITS AND LOCATIONS

e MASSENA e OGDENSBURG PLATTSBURG e CANTON

ELIZABETHTOWN •

e WATERTOWN

GLENS FALLS e e OSWEGO - ROCHE~T_.E~EB,!HER rEDINA e -iC _• E. PALMYRA e MATTY DALE e LITTLE FALLS ,. NIAGARA FALLS e CANANDAIGUA e LIVERPOOL e SCHENECTADY eTONAWANDA• BATAVIA e AUBURN e PENN Y AN • UTICA •AMHERST

e WAYLAND •ITHACA e NORWICH e HORSEHEADS JAMESTOWN • WELLSVILLE e CORNING e OLEAN e WAVERLY• BINGHAMTON

PFC Charles N. DeGiopper USAR Center Leso-Leano USAR Center Webster USAR Center 2393 Colvin Boulevard. Tonawanda, NY 14150 South Massey & Pine Streets, Watertown, NY 13601 515 Ridge Road, Webster, NY 14580 300th Ordnance Bn (OS/GS) 479th Engineer Bn (Cbt) (Corps) 98th Signal Bn 409th Personnel Services Co (Type E) HHC, 479th Engineer Bn (C) (C) 401st Civil Affairs Co 402d Civil Affairs Go 332d Ordnance Bn (Ammo) (DS/GS) 692d Signal Co 1151st USAR School 1159th USAR School Waverly USAR Center 1061 st Logistical Command 444 Pennsylvania and Park Avenue, Waverly. NY 14892 Elihu Root USAR Center Wellsville USAR Center Burrstone Road, Utica, NY 13502 Co. 0, 2d Bn, 392nd Regt. 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) RD #3, Route 417, Wellsville, NY 14895 Co. E, 2d Bn, 392nd Reg!, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) 2d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) SGT H. G. O'Connor USAR Center HHC, 2d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Admin Committee, 3d Bn (Admin), 98th Regt, Route 15, RD #2, Box #1. Wayland, NY 14572 Co. C, 2d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) 4th Bde (CST) Co. 0, 2d Bn, 389th Regt, 1st Bde (Engr OSUT & GST) Co. 0, 1st Bn, 392d Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. B, 3d Bn (Admin), 98th Regt, 4th Bde (CST) 414th Civil Affairs Co Co. E, 1st Bn, 392d Regt, 3d Bde (Engr OSUT) Co. C, 3d Bn (Admin), 98th Regt, 4th Bde (CST)

35 36 "Brain Storming" played an important role in the development of this publication. Pictured above are part of the group which met to discuss a developing segment. Left to right are Col. Phil Blocher, Maj. Gen. Harry S. Parmelee, Col. Keith "Scotty" Reece and Maj. Laurence Feasel, the author.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This sixtieth anniversary publication is available due to the support and assistance of a number of individuals. Maj. Gen. Charles D. Barrett approved the project and served as the key reviewer. Brig. Gen. Norbert J. Rappl actively supported the project, suggested avenues of research and proofread the text. Col. John C. Rogers, Senior Army Advisor proposed the idea of unit historical profiles which led to a series of TIME MACHINE stories published in the division newspaper, PIPELINE. Those stories were the basis for the regimental and battalion profiles contained herein. Two successive chiefs of staff-­ Col. Richard A. Wood and Col. Dominick F. Passalacqua provided ideas and designated priorities at key points in the publication's development. Col. Keith A. "Scotty" Reece, 39lst Regimental historian, authored the section on the 391st Regiment. Innumerable brigade, and battalion Staff Administrative Assistants and several retired senior officers assisted by culling their files for historical materials. SFC Tony DeBellis contributed his drafting and artistic skills in the line art and unit crests. Special thanks go to Col. Phil Blocher in his civilian capacity as Division Public Information Officer. His eye for design, extensive knowledge of the division's history and direct production supervision contributed immeasurably to this publication. The aut'hor extends his appreciation to all of these individuals-- they share in the credit which accrues to this publication. Comments, questions and additional historical materials should be forwarded to the Division Historian, Headquarters, 98th Division (Tng), 2035 North Goodman Street, Rochester, New York 14609.

37