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' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament. -
Nineteenth Century Court Records
Nineteenth Century Court Records Subject Court Year Isaac H. Aldrich vs. Joseph B. Mackin & John Webb Supreme Court 1850 Jacob Smith vs. Jabez Felt et al Supreme Court 1852 Elizabeth Hinckley vs. Robert Porter & Nelson Clark Supreme Court 1852 John Steward Jr. vs Solon Peck et al Supreme Court 1852 Masterton Ure, et al vs. Allen S. Benson Supreme Court 1852 Hooper C. Prouty vs. Albany Schnectady RR Co. Supreme Court 1852 Erastus Crandall vs. John Van Allen et al Supreme Court 1853 Miranda Page vs. Marietta Peck et al Supreme Court 1853 Mary Smith et al vs. Electa Willett et al Supreme Court 1853 George W. Smith vs. William G. Wells Supreme Court 1853 John C. Strong vs. Aaron Lucas &J ohn S. Prouty Supreme Court 1853 Elijah Gregory vs. Alanson & Arnold Watkins Supreme Court 1853 George A. Gardner vs. Leman Garlinghouse Supreme Court 1853 John N. Whiting vs. Gideon D. Baggerly Supreme Court 1854 George Snyder vs. Selah Dickerson Supreme Court 1854 Hazaard A. Potter vs. John D. Stewart & Nelson Tunnicliffe Supreme Court 1854 William J. Lewis vs. Stephen Trickey Supreme Court 1855 Charles Webb vs. Henry Overman & Algernon Baxter Supreme Court 1855 Marvin Power vs. Jacob Ferguson Supreme Court 1855 Daniel Phelps vs. Clark Marlin et al Supreme Court 1855 Phinehas Prouty vs. David Barron et al Supreme Court 1855 John C. Lyon vs. Asahel & Sarah Gooding Supreme Court 1855 Frances Sutherland vs. Elizabeth Bannister Supreme Court 1855 Persis Baker for Jasper G. Baker, deceased Supreme Court 1855 Aaron Parmelee & David Wiggins vs. Selleck Dann Supreme Court 1855 Milo M. -
Sources and Bibliography
Sources and Bibliography AMERICAN EDEN David Hosack, Botany, and Medicine in the Garden of the Early Republic Victoria Johnson Liveright | W. W. Norton & Co., 2018 Note: The titles and dates of the historical newspapers and periodicals I have consulted regarding particular events and people appear in the endnotes to AMERICAN EDEN. Manuscript Collections Consulted American Philosophical Society Barton-Delafield Papers Caspar Wistar Papers Catharine Wistar Bache Papers Bache Family Papers David Hosack Correspondence David Hosack Letters and Papers Peale Family Papers Archives nationales de France (Pierrefitte-sur-Seine) Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Série AJ/15 Bristol (England) Archives Sharples Family Papers Columbia University, A.C. Long Health Sciences Center, Archives and Special Collections Trustees’ Minutes, College of Physicians and Surgeons Student Notes on Hosack Lectures, 1815-1828 Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library Papers of Aaron Burr (27 microfilm reels) Columbia College Records (1750-1861) Buildings and Grounds Collection DeWitt Clinton Papers John Church Hamilton Papers Historical Photograph Collections, Series VII: Buildings and Grounds Trustees’ Minutes, Columbia College 1 Duke University, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library David Hosack Papers Harvard University, Botany Libraries Jane Loring Gray Autograph Collection Historical Society of Pennsylvania Rush Family Papers, Series I: Benjamin Rush Papers Gratz Collection Library of Congress, Washington, DC Thomas Law Papers James Thacher -
Early American Orderly Books, 1748-1817 Reel Listing
Early American Orderly Books, 1748-1817 Reel Listing Maj. Gen. James Wolfe, Canada. Various Units [Army]: French and Indian Wars. February 12, 1748 - December 15, 1755; May 4 - June 21 - August 19, 1759; May 31 - July 16, 1760; September 12, 1759 October 11 - November 13, 1764 Orders of the 20th Regiment of Foot, commanded by March of the combined British Regular and Col. George Viscount Sackville, and after Oct. 31, Provincial Army, in the campaign at Fort Niagara, 1749 by George Viscount Borg. Wolfe was a Major under the command of Gen. John Prideaux and Sir and then a Lt. Col. in the regiment. Locations: William Johnson. Locations: Oneida Lake, Three Sterling, Canterbury. Maj. Gen. Wolfe was in Rivers, Great Falls, Oswego, Olenoous, command of the troops at Quebec. Orders continue Nidenindequeat, Prideaux Bay, Niagara. Kept by up to the day before the battle at Quebec. Locations: John Mackenzie. March of Provincial troops with the Halifax, Nova Scotia. 112 pages. 44th Royal Highlanders, under the command of Col. Reel: 1, No. 1 Woodhull, to the New York frontier. Locations: Albany, Schnectady, Fort Ontario, Wallighea, Fry, Capt. Horatio Gates, Brigade Major, New York. Conojohary, Fort Stanwix, and Fort Brenington. Kept August 18 - October 12, 1758 by John Petzgold. Return march of Col. Bradstreet's Includes a Return of troops fit for duty at Oneida forces from Detroit at the close of the Pontiac War. Station and a Return of artificers daily employed Locations: Sandusky, Grand Bevier, Fort Schlosser, from the troops, Aug. 26, 1758. Location: Oneida Niagara Falls. 130 pages. Station, New York. -
Table of Contents
T a b l e C o n T e n T s I s s u e 9 s u mm e r 2 0 1 3 o f pg 4 pg 18 pg 26 pg 43 Featured articles Pg 4 abraham lincoln and Freedom of the Press A Reappraisal by Harold Holzer Pg 18 interbranch tangling Separating Our Constitutional Powers by Judith s. Kaye Pg 26 rutgers v. Waddington Alexander Hamilton and the Birth Pangs of Judicial Review by David a. Weinstein Pg 43 People v. sanger and the Birth of Family Planning clinics in america by Maria T. Vullo dePartments Pg 2 From the executive director Pg 58 the david a. Garfinkel essay contest Pg 59 a look Back...and Forward Pg 66 society Officers and trustees Pg 66 society membership Pg 70 Become a member Back inside cover Hon. theodore t. Jones, Jr. In Memoriam Judicial Notice l 1 From the executive director udicial Notice is moving forward! We have a newly expanded board of editors Dearwho volunteer Members their time to solicit and review submissions, work with authors, and develop topics of legal history to explore. The board of editors is composed J of Henry M. Greenberg, Editor-in-Chief, John D. Gordan, III, albert M. rosenblatt, and David a. Weinstein. We are also fortunate to have David l. Goodwin, Assistant Editor, who edits the articles and footnotes with great care and knowledge. our own Michael W. benowitz, my able assistant, coordinates the layout and, most importantly, searches far and wide to find interesting and often little-known images that greatly compliment and enhance the articles. -
The Revolutionary Movement in New York, 1773–1777
University of Kentucky UKnowledge United States History History 1966 The Road to Independence: The Revolutionary Movement in New York, 1773–1777 Bernard Mason State University of New York at Binghamton Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Mason, Bernard, "The Road to Independence: The Revolutionary Movement in New York, 1773–1777" (1966). United States History. 66. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_united_states_history/66 The 'l(qpd to Independence This page intentionally left blank THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE The 'R!_,volutionary ~ovement in :J{£w rork, 1773-1777~ By BERNARD MASON University of Kentucky Press-Lexington 1966 Copyright © 1967 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY PRESS) LEXINGTON FoR PERMISSION to quote material from the books noted below, the author is grateful to these publishers: Charles Scribner's Sons, for Father Knickerbocker Rebels by Thomas J. Wertenbaker. Copyright 1948 by Charles Scribner's Sons. The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., for John Jay by Frank Monaghan. Copyright 1935 by the Bobbs-Merrill Com pany, Inc., renewed 1962 by Frank Monaghan. The Regents of the University of Wisconsin, for The History of Political Parties in the Province of New York J 17 60- 1776) by Carl L. Becker, published by the University of Wisconsin Press. Copyright 1909 by the Regents of the University of Wisconsin. -
Columbia Law Review
COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW VOL. 99 DECEMBER 1999 NO. 8 GLOBALISM AND THE CONSTITUTION: TREATIES, NON-SELF-EXECUTION, AND THE ORIGINAL UNDERSTANDING John C. Yoo* As the globalization of society and the economy accelerates, treaties will come to assume a significant role in the regulation of domestic affairs. This Article considers whether the Constitution, as originally understood, permits treaties to directly regulate the conduct of private parties without legislative implementation. It examines the relationship between the treaty power and the legislative power during the colonial, revolutionary, Framing, and early nationalperiods to reconstruct the Framers' understandings. It concludes that the Framers believed that treaties could not exercise domestic legislative power without the consent of Congress, because of the Constitution'screation of a nationallegislature that could independently execute treaty obligations. The Framers also anticipatedthat Congress's control over treaty implementa- tion through legislation would constitute an importantcheck on the executive branch'spower in foreign affairs. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................... 1956 I. Treaties, Non-Self-Execution, and the Internationalist View ..................................................... 1962 A. The Constitutional Text ................................ 1962 B. Globalization and the PoliticalBranches: Non-Self- Execution ............................................. 1967 C. Self-Execution: The InternationalistView ................ -
The Brothers Low
THE BROTHERS LOW Submitted by Sam McKenzie, April 2020 Sam McKenzie is a retired petrochemical engineer. He graduated from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, with a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1966. After 33 years in the petrochemical industry he retired to Saratoga County NY and volunteered to perform historical research for the Brookside Museum starting in 2015. Sam can be reached at [email protected] Isaac Low Nicholas Low Isaac (1731-91) and Nicholas Low (1739-1826) were born in New Jersey, but spent their lives as successful businessmen and Manhattanites. Nevertheless, they had a significant influence upon the development of Saratoga County in the late 18th Century and particularly the founding of Ballston Spa. They were of Dutch stock. Consequently, they pronounced their surname to rhyme with Cow and not Snow. If unconvinced, please telephone the Historical Society of Lowville, NY (also founded by the Lows) and see how they answer. The brothers differed in their approach to politics. The powerful merchants of New York City apparently chose Isaac as a “safe pair of hands” into which they could entrust the chairmanship of five successive “Committees of Correspondence” between 1765 and 1775. These represented the city and coordinated with the other colonies in opposition to taxes imposed by the British Parliament. The British Crown saw them as highly illegal, as was the First Continental Congress which Isaac attended. Brother Nicholas seems to have been uninvolved in these matters. Unfortunately for Isaac, his political stance was founded on two incompatible principles, “no taxation without representation”, but also “my ambition is to live and die as a British subject”. -
Torrey Source List
Clarence A Torrey - Genealogy Source List TORREY SOURCE LIST A. Kendrick: Walker, Lawrence W., ―The Kendrick Adams (1926): Donnell, Albert, In Memoriam . (Mrs. Family,‖ typescript (n.p., 1945) Elizabeth (Knight) Janverin Adams) (Newington, N.H., A. L. Usher: unidentified 1926) A. Morgan: Morgan Gen.: Morgan, Appleton, A History Adams-Evarts: Adams, J. M., A History of the Adams and of the Family of Morgan from the Year 1089 to Present Evarts Families (Chatham, N.Y.: Courier Printing, Times by Appleton Morgan, of the Twenty-Seventh 1894) Generation of Cadivor-Fawr (New York: privately Adams-Hastings: Adams, Herbert Baxter, History of the printed, [1902?]) Thomas Adams and Thomas Hastings Families (Amherst, Abbe-Abbey: Abbey, Cleveland, Abbe-Abbey Genealogy: Mass.: privately printed, 1880) In Memory of John Abbe and His Descendants (New Addington: Harris, Thaddeus William, ―Notes on the Haven, Conn.: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1916) Addington Family,‖ Register 4 (April 1850) Abbott: Abbott, Lemuel Abijah, Descendants of George Addington (1931): Addington, Hugh Milburn, History of Abbott of Rowley, Mass. of His Joint Descendants with the Addington Family in the United States and England: George Abbott, Sr., of Andover, Mass.; of the Including Many Related Families: A Book of Descendants of Daniel Abbott of Providence, R.I., 2 Compliments (Nickelsville, Va.: Service Printery, 1931) vols. (n.p.: privately printed, 1906) Adgate Anc.: Perkins, Mary E., Old Families of Norwich, Abell: Abell, Horace A., One Branch of the Abell Family Connecticut, MDCLX to MDCCC (Norwich, Conn., Showing the Allied Families (Rochester, N.Y., 1934) 1900) Abington Hist.: Hobart, Benjamin, History of the Town of Agar Anc.: unidentified Abington, Plymouth County, Mass. -
James Sands of Block Island
HERALDIC DESCRIPTION ARMS: Or, a fesse dancettee between three cross-crosslets fitchee gules. CREST: A griffin segreant per fesse or and gules. MoITo: Probum non poenitet. DESCENDANTS OF JAMES SANDS OF BLOCK ISLAND With notes on the WALKER, HUTCHINSON, RAY, GUTHRIE, PALGRAVE, CORNELL, AYSCOUGH, MIDDAGH, HOLT, AND HENSHAW FAMILIES Compiled by MALCOLM SANDS WILSON Privately Printed New York • 1949 Copyright 1949 by Malcolm Sands Wilson 770 Park Avenue, New York 21, N. Y. All rights reserved PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The William Byrd Press, Inc., Richmond, Virginia Foreword The purpose of this Genealogy of the Sands Family, which is the result of much research, is to put on record a more comprehensive account than any so far published in this country. The "Descent of Comfort Sands & of his Children," by Temple Prime, New York, 1886; and "The Direct Forefathers and All the Descendants of Richardson Sands, etc.," by Benjamin Aymar Sands, New York, 1916, (from both of which volumes I have obtained material) are excellent as far as they go, but their scope is very limited, as was the intention of their com pilers. I have not attempted to undertake a full and complete genealogy of this family, but have endeavored to fill certain lines and bring more nearly to date the data collected by the late Fanning C. T. Beck and the late LeBaron Willard, (brother-in-law of my aunt Caroline Sands Willard). I take this opportunity to express my thanks to all members of the family who have rendered cheerful and cooperative assistance. It had been my intention to have a Part II in this volume, in which the English Family of Sands, Sandes, Sandis or Sandys were to have been treated, and where the connecting link between James Sands of Block Island and his English forebears was to be made clear. -
Introduction to the Ratification of the Constitution in New York
Introduction to the Ratification of the Constitution in New York During the decade preceding the War for Independence, New York was divided into two large provincial factions—the Delanceys and the Livingstons. When independence neared, the Delanceys were in power and they remained loyal to the king. The opposition to British imperial policy consisted of three groups—the radical elements led by New York City mechanics who advocated independence from Great Britain, a very conservative group that wanted reconciliation, and another conservative group that wanted to delay independence but would not give up key colonial rights. Because conservatives controlled the third Provincial Congress, that body gave no instructions on the question of independence to New York’s delegates to the Second Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia. Not being instructed, the New York delegation, standing alone, did not vote on independence on 2 July 1776. Earlier, in response to the Continental Congress’ resolution of 15 May 1776, the third Provincial Congress had called on the electors in the different counties to elect a fourth provincial congress which might draft a constitution creating a state government. The election took place and the new Provincial Congress on 9 July resolved unanimously to join the other colonies in declaring independence. The next day it renamed itself the Provincial Convention. On 1 August the Convention appointed a committee of thirteen to draft a state constitution and to report by 26 August. The committee did not report until 12 March 1777. After almost six weeks of debate, the Convention on 20 April voted “in the name and by the authority of the good people of this State” to adopt the constitution. -
Six Nations of Indians, Specifying Their Several Cessions and Reservations of Land, Etc
IX NATIONS. [ CONCLUDED JULY 24, 1794. ] Contracts between the State of New York and different tribes of the Six Nations of Indians, specifying their several cessions and reservations of land, etc. On the 19th of April, 1793, George Clinton, governor of New ! York, transmitted to Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State of the United States, an exemplification of the different treaties entered into by that commonwealth with the Indians of the Six Nations, subsequent to the conclusion of the war of the American revolution. In his letter to Mr. Jefferson, Governor Clinton says, "I had written to the clerk of the city of Albany, and did not receive his answer until yesterday : he informs, as I suspected, that the superintendent of Indian affairs under the British government, was, at the commencement of the revolution, possessed of all the records and documents respecting Indian affpairs, and took them with him when he left the country.” SIX NATIONS OF NEW TORK. 41 The exemplification, thus transmitted, contains a transcript from the record book of Indian deeds, remaining in the office of the secretary of the State of New York, and, commencing in the year 1748. This transcript embraces, 1. A deed, executed by the sachems and chief warriors of the Oneida and Tuscarora nations, at a treaty held at fort Herkimer with George Clinton and other commissioners for Indian affairs for the State of New York, whereby the aforesaid sachems and chief warriors conveyed, on the 28th day of June, 1785, for the consideration of $11,500, in goods and money, "all that tract of land situate on the west side of the line commonly called the line of property, established at a treaty held at fort Stanwix in 1768, and on the north side of the Pennsylvania line, beginning at the mouth of the Unadilla, or Tianaderha river, where the same empties into the Susquehanna river ; thence up the said Unadilla, or Tianaderha river, ten miles measured on a straight line, thence due west to the Chenango river, thence southerly down the said Chenango river to where it empties into.