The Perennial Philosophy
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Point Counter Point"
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1940 Aldous Huxley's use of music in "Point Counter Point" Bennett Brudevold The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Brudevold, Bennett, "Aldous Huxley's use of music in "Point Counter Point"" (1940). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1499. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1499 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A1D005 HUXLEY'S USE OF MUSIC IB F o m r c o i m m by Bennett BruAevold Presented in P&rtlel Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arte State University of Montana 1940 Approveds û&^'rman of Ëxaminl]^^ ttee W- Sfiairraan’ of Graduate Ccmmlttee UMI Number; EP35823 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation RMishing UMI EP35823 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. -
Copyright by Noah Phillips 2012
Copyright By Noah Phillips 2012 Imperialism, Neo-colonialism and International Politics in Aldous Huxley’s Island By Noah Phillips, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the Department of English California State University Bakersfield In Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of Masters of English Spring 2012 Signature Page Imperialism, Neo-colonialism and International Politics in Aldous Huxley's Island By Noah Phillips This thesis of project has been accepted on behalf of the Department of English by their supervisory committee: ' Dr. Charles C. MacQuarrie Committee Member TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: Imperialism, Neo-colonialism and International Politics in Aldous Huxley’s Island…………………………………………………….…………………4 CHAPTER ONE: A Review of the Scholarship of Island………………………………………………………….7 CHAPTER TWO: International Politics and 20th Century History in Island: A Historicist Approach to Plot and Character………………………………………………..22 CHAPTER THREE: An Application of Dependency Theory and World Systems Analysis to the Political and Economic Arguments of Island………………………………………………………………...43 CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSIONS: Aldous Huxley, Political Philosopher, Novelist………………………….61 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………........67 3 INTRODUCTION Imperialism, Neo-colonialism and International Politics in Aldous Huxley’s Island The purpose of this thesis is to understand and analyze Aldous Huxley’s presentation of neo-colonialism in his utopian novel Island. Particular attention will be given to his portrayal of economic relations between first world powers and the third world in this novel. Furthermore, his fictional rendition of military intervention and foreign policy by the United States and Britain and the role it has played in the developing world during the 20th century will be the central focus of this thesis. Huxley’s claims and critique presented in Island of the process by which first world powers dominate international politics, world markets and peripheral economies through the use of military intervention and foreign policy will be supported by historical accounts. -
Mysticism and Pacifism
Chapter 4 Mysticism and Pacifism Huxley’s mystical turn in the mid-1930s was intimately associated with paci- fism, and his pacifist convictions were reinforced by the mystical philosophy of Gerald Heard and Jiddu Krishnamurti. As noted in Chapter 1, Huxley’s involve- ment with Ottoline Morrell and the Garsington set during World War i had led him to adopt a pacifist position, and the rise of Mussolini and Hitler and the imperial tensions of the 1930s had done nothing to change his mind. His disparaging article “What Gandhi Fails to See” (1930), would seem to contradict this statement, but Huxley was not objecting to Gandhi as a pacifist but as an “ascetic salvationist” whose spirituality blinded him to inconvenient facts, such as the “distressingly easy passage from non-violence to violence”,1 or the fact that reverting to a pre-industrial civilisation, as Gandhi was advocating, would entail the “death by starvation of millions upon millions of human be- ings” (in other words, the exponential increase in population made possible by industrialisation).2 Huxley’s interest in mysticism had been dampened by his trip to India and south-east Asia in 1925–26. In the article, Gandhi is pilloried as a representative of the kind of Hindu spirituality that Huxley had deplored in Jesting Pilate (1926): “To my mind ‘spirituality’ […] is the primal curse of India and the cause of all her misfortunes. […] A little less spirituality and the Indians would now be free – free from foreign dominion and from the tyranny of their own prejudices and traditions”.3 But as the 1930s progressed, Huxley was compelled by personal circumstances to re-evaluate his opinion of both Gandhi and mysticism and by 1936 he was publicly advocating satyagraha and practising meditation with Gerald Heard and members of the Peace Pledge Union (ppu). -
The Traces of the Bhagavad Gita in the Perennial Philosophy—A Critical Study of the Gita’S Reception Among the Perennialists
religions Article The Traces of the Bhagavad Gita in the Perennial Philosophy—A Critical Study of the Gita’s Reception Among the Perennialists Mohammad Syifa Amin Widigdo 1,2 1 Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Wonderhome Library, Yogyakarta 55294, Indonesia Received: 14 April 2020; Accepted: 28 April 2020; Published: 6 May 2020 Abstract: This article studies the reception of the Bhagavad Gita within circles of Perennial Philosophy scholars and examines how the Gita is interpreted to the extent that it influenced their thoughts. Within the Hindu tradition, the Gita is often read from a dualist and/or non-dualist perspective in the context of observing religious teachings and practices. In the hands of Perennial Philosophy scholars, the Gita is read from a different angle. Through a critical examination of the original works of the Perennialists, this article shows that the majority of the Perennial traditionalists read the Gita from a dualist background but that, eventually, they were convinced that the Gita’s paradigm is essentially non-dualist. In turn, this non-dualist paradigm of the Gita influences and transforms their ontological thought, from the dualist to the non-dualist view of the reality. Meanwhile, the non-traditionalist group of Perennial Philosophy scholars are not interested in this ontological discussion. They are more concerned with the question of how the Gita provides certain ways of attaining human liberation and salvation. Interestingly, both traditionalist and non-traditionalist camps are influenced by the Gita, at the same time, inserting an external understanding and interpretation into the Gita. -
The Thought of Aldous Huxley M
The Thought of Aldous Huxley M. M. Kirkwood University of Toronto Quarterly, Volume 6, Number 2, January 1937, pp. 189-198 (Article) Published by University of Toronto Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/549974 [ Access provided at 12 Oct 2020 10:12 GMT from USP-Universidade de São Paulo ] THE THOUGHT OF ALDOUS HUXLEY M. M . KIRKWOOD N an article which appeared in the London Mercury of January, 1933, G. K. Chesterton placed Huxley I among the young moderns whom he attacked as "witty, brilliant and fashionable bankrupts." This view of Huxley in particular has been a common one, for brilliance and wit animate whatever he writes, and, having written for a world that wanted to be amused, he has become fashionable. Mr. Chester to ~' understood him merely to mock, as one having no religious belief and seeing no purpose in the world or in the will. Whether this be a real aspe.ct of his work or not, readers have not found it easy to resist a writer who remarks in connection wi th one of his characters that "no chameleon can live with comfort on a tartan," and who concludes his descrip tion of his own agonie,s during a first ride on an elephant with the comment, "I returned full of admiration for Hannibal. He crossed the Alps on an elephant." Numerous quips by Huxley include the statement that "Puritans like to wear the fig-leaf over the mouth," while in a serious essay on the evolution of theologies, he uses the astonishing figure, "Men's religious life works on the principle of a hot-water system." Huxley's voca bulary is no less en tertaining than his figures of coml?arison, and we find ourselves stimulated if not always illuminated by "minusculous" and "callipygous," "wamblingly" and "bombinating," "geodesic" and "mixo Iydian." It is as if the creator of "brillig" and "slithy toves" had come to life again, challenging us to under stand as well as to enjoy him. -
Progress, Elitism and Ideology in Point Counter Point As a Novel of Ideas
Progress, Elitism and Ideology in Point Counter Point as a Novel of Ideas Peter Grosvenor Throughout Huxley’s forty-year career as a novelist there was always an identifiable connection between the ideas he wanted to convey and the literary medium and technique through which he sought to convey them. As his ideas metamorphosed so did his approach to writing. As a result, Huxley is a moving target for those who would categorize his work, either in intellectual or stylistic terms. The challenge confronting students of Huxley is to place any given Huxley work in the context of the author’s evolving worldview at the time. After Brave New World (1932), Point Counter Point (1928) is undoubtedly Huxley’s most widely read and most controversial novel. There is no consensus among critics concerning what the novel tells us about the nature of Huxley’s thoughts as the first decade of the interwar period drew to a close. Neither is there a consensus about its literary merit. The work nonetheless provides an important freeze-frame of a pivotal moment in Huxley’s development as a social and political thinker, and as an experimenter in literary form. The purpose of this essay, therefore, is to examine the ideas contained in Point Counter Point, their mode of expression, and their place in the context of Huxley’s earlier and later work. Ultimately, what kind of novel one judges Point Counter Point to be depends very much upon whom one takes to be its central character. If it is Philip Quarles, the novelist within the novel, the work becomes the reductio ad absurdum of the novel of ideas, in 2 which the central preoccupation is the genre itself—a disengaged, even solipsistic, exercise, and an essentially derivative one at that—having been preempted by André Gide in Les Faux Monnayeurs in 1925. -
Brave New World Essays
Huxley’s Brave New World: Essays Huxley’s Brave New World: Essays edited by DAVID GARRETT IZZO and KIM KIRKPATRICK McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London McFarland has also published the following works: W. H. Auden Encyclopedia (2004), Christopher Isherwood Encyclopedia (2005), and The Writings of Richard Stern: The Education of an Intellectual Everyman (2002), by David Garrett Izzo. Henry James Against the Aesthetic Movement: Essays on the Middle and Late Fiction (2006), edited by David Garrett Izzo and Daniel T. O’Hara. Stephen Vincent Benét: Essays on His Life and Work (2003), edited by David Garrett Izzo and Lincoln Konkle. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Huxley’s Brave new world : essays / edited by David Garrett Izzo and Kim Kirkpatrick. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-¡3 978-0-7864-3683-5 softcover : 50# alkaline paper ¡. Huxley, Aldous, ¡894–¡963. Brave new world. 2. Huxley, Aldous, ¡894–¡963—Political and social views. 3. Huxley, Aldous, ¡894–¡963—Philosophy. 4. Dystopias in literature. I. Izzo, David Garrett. II. Kirkpatrick, Kim, ¡962– PR60¡5.U9B675 2008 823'.9¡2—dc22 20080¡3463 British Library cataloguing data are available ©2008 David Garrett Izzo. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover illustration ©2008 Shutterstock Manufactured in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 6¡¡, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com Carol A. -
Palacký University Olomouc Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies Social Reform in Aldous Huxley's Brave
Palacký University Olomouc Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies Social Reform in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Island Diploma thesis Bc. Kristína Barkolová English Philology Thesis supervisor: Mgr. Pavlína Flajšarová, Ph.D. Olomouc 2018 Prohlašuji, že jsem magisterskou diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně a uvedla uplný seznam citované a použité literatury. V Olomouci, dne 2 Mé poděkování patří Mgr. Pavlíně Flajšarové za odborné vedení, trpělivost a ochotu, kterou mi v průběhu zpracování diplomové práce věnovala. 3 Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 6 3 Context for Brave New World and Island ...................................................................... 9 4 Brave New World ......................................................................................................... 13 4.1 History .................................................................................................................. 13 4.2 Education .............................................................................................................. 17 4.3 Fordism ................................................................................................................. 19 4.4 Science ................................................................................................................. -
Aldous Huxley, Representative Man Edited by Gerhard Wagner
James Hull Aldous Huxley, Representative Man Edited by Gerhard Wagner LIT TABLE OF CONTENTS General Editors' Preface i Editor's Note ii Foreword by Robin Hull iii List of Abbreviations vi INTRODUCTION 1 PART ONE I. THE PREDESTINATION OF EVENTS 6 The Early Poems 10 II. SACRED AND PROFANE LOVE 24 Limbo 26 Crome Yellow 30 Mortal Coils 35 On the Margin 39 III. GONE ABROAD 45 Antic Hay 46 i) Paradise Lost 52 ii) Betrayal 55 iii) "What's He to Hecuba?" 57 iv) The Monster 58 v) Inferno 61 vi) The Last Ride Together 63 Little Mexican 66 IV. THE SEARCH FOR A NEW DIMENSION 78 Those Barren Leaves 78 i) "An Evening at Mrs Aldwinkle's" 78 ii) "Fragments from the Autobiography of Francis Chelifer" 82 iii) "The Loves of the Parallels" 89 iv) "The Journey" 93 Along the Road 97 Two or Three Graces 104 The Spectator: Jesting Pilate 110 i) Religion 112 ii) Art and Other Matters 114 iii) The Later Stages of the Journey 117 Proper Studies 118 i) The Idea of Equality 120 ii) Varieties of Intelligence 122 iii) The Way of the Solitary 124 iv) Personality and Ideals 126 V. LIFE WORSHIP 130 Point Counter Point 130 i) Philip and Elinor Quarles 132 ii) Returning from India 137 iii) Back Home 138 iv) Predestination 141 v) Rampion and Philip 144 vi) Walter Bidlake and the Siren 146 vii) Rachel Quarles and Marjorie Carling 150 viii) Spandrell 153 ix) Rampion 155 x) The "Spiritual Thermopylae" 160 xi) The Riddle of Burlap 163 xii) The Case of John Middleton Murry 166 xiii) Little Phil's Death 169 Do What You Will 170 i) Unity and Diversity 170 ii) The Two Humilities 174 iii) "Pascal" 176 iv) "Holy Face" 184 VI. -
Jerom E Meckier CANCER in UTOPIA: POSITIVE and NEGATIVE ELEMENTS in HUXLEY's ISLAND Fur Years Aldous Huxley Regarded Utopians Wi
Jerome Meckier CANCER IN UTOPIA: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ELEMENTS IN HUXLEY'S ISLAND Fur years Aldous Huxley regarded utopians with disfavor. Their countries of the mind were compensatory dreams inspired by acute disappointment with reality. "My own feeling, whenever I see a book about the Future," Huxley wrote in Do What Y vu Will," is one of boredom and exasperation. What on earth is the point of troubling one's head with speculations about what men may, but almost certainly will not, be like in A.D. 20,000?" Despite the disclaimer, Huxley could not resist troubling his head about the future. The struggle between utopian and dyst opian elements in his prophecies about the world to come remained a pervasive counterpoint in his thought and art. When Island appeared in 1962, Huxley's version of the earthly paradise received harsh treatment from readers whom Brave New World and Ape and Essence had taught to be sceptical of perfectibilitarians. Yet Island was not just another pious daydream. I have argued previously1 that the novel embodies a collection of the right responses to problems that the brave new world handled badly. But there is even more to the novel than that. Unlike News f rom Nowhere, Looking Backward, and other positive views of the future, Island can be defended as· a reasonably complex novel in which a would-be utopian's attempt at optimism is challenged by the possibility that his characters inhabit a Manichean universe. If evil exists even in the earthly paradise, then utopia as one customarily imagines it is an impossibility, unless one can redefine one's conception of perfection so as to include the negative factors that appear to compromise it. -
Beyond Theology
BEYOND THEOLOGY “Mysticism and the Perennial Philosophy” (#109) Host: Have you ever heard of the perennial philosophy? Do you know what it is? Stay tuned and see how it relates to the mystic’s vision. Announcer: Production funding for this program has been provided in part by the Shumaker Family Foundation – promoting social and environmental justice, education, spirituality and the arts. Host: With innovations in transportation and communication, the world has in effect become a smaller place than it used to be. It’s easier for people to travel and to see what’s happening in other parts of the world. In the process, people of different religious faiths have been rubbing shoulders with each other more often and sometimes coming into conflict. This has stimulated a greater interest in the study of other religions. Huston Smith published a well-known text on world religions back in 1958. In this program, we explore the views of this mystic philosopher and his perennial quest for truth. Huston Smith (Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Religion): From as far back as I can remember, what I most wanted … outside of family and the intimacy there … was truth, but with a capital T -- The Truth about the ultimate nature of reality. Narrator: Born in China in the spring of 1919, Huston Smith grew up in a rural Chinese community, where his parents served as missionaries for the Methodist Church. Huston Smith: Yes. My parents were missionaries. And actually, I'm third generation of missionary parents because she was born in China, too, of missionary parents that went out in the 19th century. -
Pledging Peace in Aldous Huxley's Eyeless in Gaza
109 Pledging Peace in Aldous Huxley’s Eyeless in Gaza Charles Andrews Whitworth University Nineteen thirty-six was a pivotal year for Aldous Huxley. Much of his en- ergy prior to this year was spent writing the satirical novels upon which his reputation still rests, including Crome Yellow (1921), Point Counter Point (1928), and Brave New World (1932). Huxley produced many of his nearly fifty books under contractual obligations to write two or even three books per year, a pace that seemed to cause him little concern. Yet Eyeless in Gaza, his under-read masterpiece, took four years to complete. Begun in 1932, published in 1936, Eyeless is in most ways typical of Huxley’s fiction—eru- dite, philosophical, and semi-autobiographical. His title alludes to Milton’s Samson Agonistes, and his characters each take competing positions on the issues most important to Huxley and his cohort of artists and intellectuals: human relations, mystical spirituality, and radical politics. Eyeless in Gaza also shows off some of Huxley’s most formally adventurous writing, par- ticularly with regard to narrative chronology. Each of the novel’s fifty-four chapters is set on a specific day between November 6, 1902 and February 23, 1935. Lacking any readily discernible regular pattern, the chapters jump back and forth within this thirty-three year range. The earliest dates show our main character Anthony Beavis as a young boy at his mother’s funeral, by the 1910s we see him at Oxford, by the 1920s Anthony is a struggling writer, and by the 1930s he is in a love affair with Helen, is briefly involved in a Mexican revolution, and ultimately converts to pacifism.