Policy Research Report on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Health, Education and Agriculture
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Policy Research Report on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Health, Education and Agriculture IM SWEDISH DEVELOPMENT PARTNER, NEPAL, 2020 *Disclaimer This policy brief has been produced by IM Swedish Development Partner under the European Union Funded project “Enhancing Citizens’ Participation in Sub-National Good Governance (Local and Provincial Level) in the Context of the New Federal System in Nepal.” It is a four-year project (2019-2022) implemented in three districts Jajarkot, Kalikot and Salyan of Karnali province by a consortium of five organizations. Sahakarmi Samaj (SS) from Kohalpur, Banke is the lead of this consortium project. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of project consortium members and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.” Acknowledgement IM Swedish Development Partner (IM) is an international NGO and civil society organization founded in 1938 in Lund, Sweden. IM’s commitment is to empower civil society, catalyzing profound societal change towards equality and democracy, as a feminist and anti-racist change agent. Since 2019, IM in a consortium of Sahakarmi Samaj (SS), Dalit Development Society (DDS), Center for Dalit Women Nepal (CDWN), and Terre des homes (Tdh) is implementing a four-year project “Enhancing Citizen’s Participation in Sub-National Good Governance in the Context of Federal System in Nepal” funded by the EU. The project is implemented in 12 Palikas of Salyan, Kalikot and Jajarkot districts of Karnali province. The project aims to enhance participatory and cooperative relationship between citizens and local governments, and establish cooperation and dialogue among local governments, between local and provincial governments and ministries to improve the delivery of services at local level and ensure local needs in programmes and policies. This policy research carried out under this project provides an analysis of the policies enacted by the federal, provincial and local governments on WASH, health, education, and agriculture sectors in the federal setup from a human rights-based approach. The report also gives valuable insights into the issues and challenges for the implementation of those policies and the gaps between policies and practices on the ground. Besides, the report also provides key recommendations to all levels of government for needed improvement in the participatory policy formulation, ensuring fundamental rights of the citizens in policy documents and for effective implementation of the policies along with suggestions for active civic engagement in the processes. IM Swedish Development Partner (IM) would like to thank Innovative Collaborations Pvt. Ltd. for conducting this policy research and preparing the report and policy briefs. We express our heartiest gratitude to entire research team especially Dr. Sadananda Kadel (Team Leader and Education Expert), Dr. Laxmi Raj Joshi and Mr. Sher Bahadur Rana (Health and WASH Expert), Dr. Purna Nepali (Agriculture Expert), Ms. Tara Kadel (HRBA and GESI expert), Mr. Ram Bhusal (Research Coordinator) and Mr. Tanka Upadhyaya (Governance Expert). We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Puspa Raj Kadel, Vice Chairperson and Dr. Usha Jha, Member of National Planning Commission; Joint Secretaries/Officials of the Federal Ministries; and Director Generals/Officials of the departments related to WASH, health, education and agriculture. We are grateful to Prof. Dr. Punya Prasad Regmi, Vice Chairperson; Mr. Yogendra Bahadur Shahi and Dr. Dipendra Rokaya, members of Provincial Planning Commission; Secretaries of the Office of the Chief Minister; Officials of Ministries and Directors of Regional Directorate of Agriculture, Education, WASH and Health, Karnali Province for their valuable insights during the consultations. Similarly, our special thanks goes to Chief/Officials (Salyan) and Deputy Chief (Jajarkot) of District Coordination Committees, and Chiefs of the district level offices related to WASH, health, education and agriculture. We extend our sincere gratitude to Mayors, Chairpersons, Deputy Mayors, Deputy Chairpersons and Ward Chairpersons of Palikas for their cooperation and inputs during the field visit. Similarly, all Chief Administrative Officers, Information Officers, Chiefs of Agriculture, Education, Health and WASH Sections and other staff of 12 Palikas equally deserve very sincere thanks for extending support with information and opinions to the study. Finally, our special thanks to all consortium team members- Ms. Sunita Gurung and Keshab Dahal- IM Swedish Development Partner; Mr. Ratna Bahadur Gaha, Mr. Ammar Bhadur Air and Mr. Hari Upadhyaya- Sahakarmi Samaj; Mr. Gopal Gaire, Mr. Prakash Bohora, Mr. Pravin Bastola, and Mr. Mani Acharya – Terre des hommes (Tdh), Mr. Durga Pun and Mr. Guman Singh Nepali- Dalit Development Society (DDS), and Ms. Gaura Nepali and Ms. Anita Bishankha- Centre for Dalit Women Nepal (CDWN) for extending the continuous support to carry out the research work smoothly at field and also for finalizing the report. We hope this policy research report will be a useful resource for the policy makers and officials at all levels of government and to the civil society organisations for evidence based policy advocacy to influence participatory policy formulation and implementation to promote good governance and to ensure the rights of the citizens. Maria Kempe Regional Director IM Swedish Development Partner May 2020 Acronyms ADS Agricultural Development Strategy CBO Community Based Organisation CDWN Centre for Dalit Women Nepal CEHRD Centre for Education and Human Resource Development CSO Civil Society Organisation CG Community Group CWD Child with disability DADO District Agriculture Development Office DC Deputy Chairperson DCC District Coordination Committee DDS Dalit Development Society DM Deputy Mayor DoA Department of Agriculture DoHS Department of Health Services DoLS Department of Livestock Services DoWSSM Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Management DWSD Drinking Water and Sanitation Division ECD Early Childhood Development ECED Early Childhood Education and Development CEHRD Centre for Education Human Resource Development CRPD Convention on Rights of People with Disability EDD Education Development Directorate EU European Union EDCU Education Development and Coordination Unit FCHVs Female Community Health Volunteers FGD Focus Group Discussion FY Fiscal Year GAP Good Agricultural Practices GER Gross Enrollment Rate GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GoN Government of Nepal GoKP Government of Karnali Province HFOMCs Health Facility Operation and Management Committees HP Health Post HRBA Human Rights Based Approach HRDD Human Resource Development Division HQ Headquarters ICT Information Communication Technology IEMIS Integrated Education Management Information System IM IM Swedish Development Partner INGO International Non-Government Organisation KII Key Informant Interview LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgender and intersex LGOA Local Governance Operation Act MEC Municipal Education Committee MGH Mothers Group for Health MoALD Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development MoEST Ministry of Education, Science and Technology MoHP Ministry of Health and Population MSNP Mulit-sectoral Nutrition Plan NAP National Agricultural Policy NER Net Enrollment Rate NGO Non-Government Organisation ODF Open Defecation Free PMAMP Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project PPC Pre-Primary Class PTA Parents Teachers Association PVSE Poor, vulnerable and socially excluded PWD Person with disability RM Rural Municipality SDG Sustainable Development Goal SDP Sectoral Development Plan SIP School Improvement Plan SDMP Sector Development Master Plan SDO Social Development Office SMC School Management Committee SPATWG Sub Provincial Agricultural Technical Working Group SS Sahakarmi Samaj SSDP School Sector Development Programme UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children Emergency Fund UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees VDC Village Development Committee VEC Village Education Committee WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WEC Ward Education Committee WHO World Health Organisation Glossary Chaupadi: It is a form of menstrual taboo prevailing in Hindu society of western part of Nepal in which women and girls are considered impure and they are restricted from entering homes, kitchens, schools and temples. During this period they remain in isolated menstruation hut which is usually made from wood or stone. Haliya: It is a form of agricultural ex-bonded labour working in another’s land and its literal meaning is “one who ploughs”. Kamaiya: Kamaiya is an ex-bonded labour. Palika: It is a newly formed local government in Nepal. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background and Context .........................................................................................1 1.2 Rationale of the study ............................................................................................1 1.3 Purpose and areas of the study ..............................................................................2 2. Methodology .................................................................................................................3 2.1 Research framework and design ............................................................................4