Police Use of Force Tom Sidney Reports on Operation Go Home

Blue Line Magazine 1 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 2 FEBRUARY 2005 February 2005 Volume 17 Number 2 Publisher’s Commentary 5 Reduced crime should not reduce agency sizes Blue Line Magazine 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Ste 254 Training for trouble 6 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Ontario Provincial Police Tactical Unit Canada

Ph: 905 640-3048 Fax: 905 640-7547 Cop’s restraint and a warrior’s mindset 10 Web: www.blueline.ca eMail: [email protected] Training equals success for tactical unit — Publisher — Morley S. Lymburner Spokesperson important part of message 12 eMail: [email protected] It’s not just what is said-but also who says it — General Manager — Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. Thieves caught red handed with bait cars 14 eMail: [email protected]

— Editor — So who wants to be Chief? 16 Mark Reesor eMail: [email protected] Not ready to go 17 The real consequences of impaired driving — News Editor — Les Linder eMail: [email protected] Gun control and homicide in Canada 18 Legislation has mixed results — Advertising — Mary Lymburner Welcome to our 2005 Supply & Service Dean Clarke DEEP BLUE 20 Guide. Darrel Harvey is the man at the cen- Bob Murray The bystander effect Kathryn Lymburner tre of this month’s cover. Darrel is a member eMail: [email protected] of the RCMP Planning Branch in Halifax. The BC police will soon patrol from above 21 — Pre-press Production — picture was taken when Darrel worked in the Forensic Firearms section of “H” Division. Del Wall Brockville helps families in Belarus 22 The picture is emblematic of some of the — Contributing Editors — goods and services required by police serv- Communication Skills Mark Giles Community, family mourn RCMP officer 23 Police Management James Clark ices across the country. In this month’s edi- tion you will be able to find where to obtain Tactical Firearms Dave Brown Police and street youth 24 Technology Tom Rataj these items in addition to anything else you Psychology Dorothy Cotton may need that is not pictured here. Act helps protect first responders 25 Case Law Mike Novakowski With Montreal set to host the world at the Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by 1976 Olympic Games, officials were more than Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: Processing evidence in the Picton case 28 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, a little concerned about possible terrorist ac- Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. Roadside drug testing 29 tivity. The Ontario Provincial Police were Individual magazines are $5.00 each. Subscriptions are $25.00 per charged with providing security for the yacht- year or $40.00 for 2 years. (Foreign - $50.00 U.S.) Group and bulk rates available upon request. CASE LAW 30 ing events in Kingston and it was decided a All material submitted for publication becomes the property of Blue Line • Alcohol test during probation unconstitutional tactical unit, specially trained to quickly deal Magazine unless other arrangements have been made with the publisher with armed threats, was needed. Andrew F. prior to publishing. • Alcohol odour justifies roadside demand The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability whatsoever for Maksymchuk was a member of that first OPP any injuries to persons or property resulting from the application or adoption • Re-charter unnecessary if jeopardy understood of any of the procedures, tactics or considerations presented in this Tactics and Rescue Unit (TRU) and went on magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented to coordinate the unit for eight years. His fas- herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should not ODDITORIALS 33 be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received cinating recollections of those early days is our from a supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. lead article this month. Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent publication DISPATCHES 34 designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the skills of those Continuing with the tactical theme, Ryan involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct control from a law enforcement agency and its opinions and articles do not necessarily 2005 Supply and Service Guide 40 Siegmund profiles the Calgary Police Tacti- reflect the opinions of any government, police, or law enforcement agency. cal Unit, which puts would-be tac officers ©2005 - All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, TECHNOLOGY 58 through a gruelling 26 week boot camp to see electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any You’ve been phished if they have what it takes to join the unit. The information storage or retrieval system without permission. few who survive – and are still standing – be- Internet activity is monitored and use or re-posting of material on the Internet is restricted. COMING EVENTS 59 come members, says Sgt. Tony Manning. In other features this month, Communica- Dealing with workplace violence 60 tion Skills editor Mark Giles explains why a This publication is a private venture and receives no well-trained, prepared and appropriate spokes- subsidy or grant from any level of government. BOOK REVIEW 61 person is crucial to delivering your message — Affiliations — Workplace Health & Safety Crimes to the press and public; Police Management International Association of Law Enforcement Planners editor James Clark comments on the current Canadian Advertising Rates & Data International Police Association Auxiliary officers a valuable resource 64 search for a new Toronto chief; Antoon A. The Police Leadership Forum Leenaars delves into the effectiveness of Ca- Periodical Publishers Exchange NEWS CLIPS 65 nadian gun control legislation; and Dr. The Canadian Press Newswire Dorothy looks at the bystander effect. Harvey Research 2005 BLUE LINE TRADE SHOW 67 West Coast correspondent Elvin Klassen Printed in Canada by Tri-Tech Printing writes about how the police and citizens of ISSN #0847 8538 BACK OF THE BOOK 70 Brockville are helping families in Belarus and Canadian Publications Mail Canada Post - Police use of force Tom Sidney reports on Operation Go Home. 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Blue Line Magazine 3 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 4 FEBRUARY 2005

` ` ` ` Reduced crime should not reduce` agency sizes

This in spite of the fact that these types of of- by Morley Lymburner ficers have long been recognized for having their ears to the ground. Too many agencies Canada has been blessed with what has still insist on “tin can” policing with friendly been arguably described as a falling crime rate. waves from the cruiser as it passes through. The reaction to this is quite often one of police Too many agencies are looking for the wrong cut backs. What puzzles me is that when soci- kind of problems. They feel they need to solve ety finds itself with a much reduced fire haz- headline crime instead of solving problems ard no one suggests doing away with firefight- to other countries or bolster some other cur- affecting everyone where they live and work. ers. So what is the difference here? rently politicallyXXXX correct segment of society. One other thing to be addressed would be Although thisX is good PR the thought that our Well to begin with society (and the politi- XX to improve working conditions to a level where cians they vote for) are a little uncomfortable roads may become less safe than they once officers do not mind staying with a particular with a lot of cops out there lurking and skulk- were is not comforting. Manitoba and Alberta agency longer and newer candidates will look ing in nooks and crannies they would much are two provinces who are suffering from a lack upon the concept of becoming a police officer prefer to keep in the dark. The fear of an un- of proper traffic enforcement and the Toronto more favourably. For instance there is no rea- der worked police officer trying to find some- Police Service still believes 18 small and un- son police services should not subsidize offic- thing to do is far more problematic to many derstaffed traffic units are better than larger ers who choose to live in the community they than an under worked firefighter shining his more geographically coordinated ones. work in. Long commuting distances for offic- truck in the fire hall. Somehow the lack of personnel to do day ers caused by high real estate prices can cost A cop trying to busy himself just might find to day work appears not to affect the numbers the community dearly when the police offic- there is a lot more to do then he figured. Eve- of officers we are able to send overseas. Cur- ers live far from where they work. ryone wants the cops to catch robbers and rently sketchy figures indicate around 600 of- There is no rational reason to cut back po- murderers but not necessarily the speeders and ficers are deemed not necessary to patrol Ca- lice budgets when crime rates fall. Using the stop sign violators. Although fraudsters are nadian communities and are sent off to Iraq, same or even increasing resources creates a viewed by the public as a nuisance this pales Haiti and other countries around the world. better more attractive police service which in in comparison to the cop asking why your In populated areas there is still a place for turn creates a safer community. Safer commu- seatbelt wasn’t fastened. the beat officer but few agencies feel they can nities attract more people and the tax base in- It is time police services across the coun- afford to dedicate officers to this type of work. creases accordingly. It is a win win situation. try began to present their case to the community in a more enlightened fashion than simply a statistical analysis of crime trends. The only way to keep crime rates down is to have an effective and sufficiently large police service. If crime rates drop then there is one huge advantage to the community. They now have an opportunity to train their police staff to higher levels of professionalism. When crime rates drop this should be looked upon as an opportunity to prepare for a time when things will not look so rosy; or when a complicated investigation arises the community can be re- assured the expertise within the police services exists to handle it. Yes indeed it is time to have officers looking in areas never before looked at. It is time for staff to improve their education or even their interpersonal skills. Police services can now look upon the talents within their agencies and send officers away on secondment to either teach or learn skills that can be of value to others. Communities can benefit from rede- ploying officers in areas of crime prevention rather than enforcement. Permitting officers to walk the beat once more places more eyes and ears within the community. It produces long- range solutions rather than short term fixes. Another advantage to low crime figures is officers can be freed up to help protect good guys from hurting good guys. If anyone knows my passion this refers to traffic initiatives. Some agencies have actually cut back traffic and highway patrol initiatives to send officers

Blue Line Magazine 5 FEBRUARY 2005 by Andrew F. Maksymchuk

“Don’t puke on the grass!” the physical training instructor yelled. I turned my head toward the pavement. “Don’t barf on the pavement!” the same instructor shouted. To hell with you, I thought to myself as I let it go halfway up Passchendaele Hill on Canadian Forces Base Petawawa. By the time my regurgita- tion ceremony was over, the group I was with had slowed to a walk at the top of the steepest hill at the army base northwest of Ottawa. The year was 1975 and I was one of 27 members of the Ontario Provin- cial Police selected to train for a new tactics and rescue unit the force created to deal with possible terrorist activity in Ontario during the 1976 Olympics. The unit’s creation was prompted in part by a number of events, including the October Crisis of 1970 and the 1972 terrorist massacre of 11 Israelis at the Olympic Village in Munich, Germany. It was also prompted by studies that showed violence could be minimized or even eliminated if a specially trained tactical unit could respond quickly to armed confrontations. While Montreal would host the ’76 Olym- pics, the yachting events were scheduled for Lake Ontario off Kingston. The OPP would help by providing security for the yacht races and its competing sailors. It was agreed that the military training for the tactics and rescue unit would last five weeks and include firearms, ordinance, rappelling, camouflage, concealment and movement, problem-solving and dim-light observation. The men selected for training came from every corner of the province. Indeed, we were strangers to each other and our backgrounds, interests and abilities differed substantially. The only common denominator was that we all, at one point in our policing careers, had been involved in a life-threatening situation. Everyone in the group held the rank of constable, with the exception of myself and one other corporal. I was a month short of my 33rd birthday and had just over 11 years of police service, including a posting to Central Patricia in Northern Ontario. I had passed all the selection criteria – interviews, psychological and physical tests – and had convinced myself I was

BlueBlue LineLine MagazineMagazine 66 FEBRUARYFEBRUARY 20052005 as fit as a 20-year-old, but I was mistaken. soldiers standing equidistant around the pool’s wooden post purposely set up for his demon- The military unit selected to train us was edge. Something was up. Coveralls and old stration. He then inserted a blasting cap and, 3rd Battalion, Royal Canadian Regiment and boots were tossed to each of us and before we while barely able to contain his excitement, those first few days at Petawawa felt as if a big knew it our arms were handcuffed behind our touched the wires of the blasting cap to a bat- door had closed between us and our regular backs and we were ordered, five at a time, to tery. The resulting explosion cut the post in half employer. We were entirely at the mercy of the jump into the deep end. We were told that if and left us startled and amazed at its effects. military training instructors and it became very we didn’t panic, kept our heads tilted back and Adams then pulled small pieces of the play clear that they could do with us as they saw fit, relaxed, we would be able to float with our dough from his supply, rolled them into small in both rewards and punishment. Almost all of faces above the water. We were in for only six balls and then tossed them in our direction. us lacked any knowledge of military training minutes, but it seemed like a lifetime. After a mad scramble to prevent the balls from and we were convinced the instructors would The sight of military personnel standing striking any hard object, we were told by be rubbing their hands with glee to have such ready with long, hooked poles didn’t foster a Adams how harmless C4 was without the elec- control over civilian cops. Our run in a wide calming effect, but everyone kept their cool, trical current. Prior to that demonstration, none assortment of civilian clothing proved we including one member who found he wasn’t at of us had ever dealt with that type of material. wouldn’t be treated with kid gloves. all buoyant. In order to overcome this problem, However, before the end of our training ses- However, we soon came to realize that our he permitted himself to sink until his feet sion, Adams taught us valuable lessons on how instructors were skilled, intelligent and highly touched the bottom of the pool. This enabled easy it was to transport and conceal C4. We motivated members of the armed forces who him to thrust his body upward for another breath. also learned how to use it to open locked doors had been around long enough to know people The intensity of the training increased or make doorways in walls. and how to deal with them. daily. One of the military’s most highly trained I also recall how the stillness of the bar- In his opening statement to us, the battal- snipers, Sgt. Joe Skerry, took us through cover, racks erupted early one morning with shouts, ion’s commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel concealment and movement techniques. We thumps and the slamming of doors. I leapt out David B. Ells, said he hadn’t asked for us to be were taught night vision tricks and a myriad of bed thinking all hell had broken loose. My on the army base. In fact, he said he didn’t re- of other skills. From Sgt. Jim McMoran we bedside clock read 2 a.m. I looked out the door ally want us there, but since we were, he would learned the fine art of proper rifle shooting in and saw all of our instructors yelling for us to make the best of the situation. We later learned just about every conceivable weather condi- grab our gear and get into the deuce-and-a that the popular colonel frequently used this type tion. A welcome sight during these exercises halfs. The trucks delivered us to a snow-cov- of tongue-in-cheek method to deliver his mes- was Warrant Officer Keith Wyonch with his ered field where we were told to go to an aban- sage of base conduct. He made it very clear that supply of hot hay-box meals and elaborate doned building in the centre of the field. We our little drop of blue in a sea of green would coffee break snacks. were to get there by using our training tech- not be receiving any preferential treatment and One particular memorable training session niques and any topographical advantage we that we had better follow the rules. was conducted by Sgt. Wally Adams. As we sat could find. The instructors explained that they Besides running, our training included on bleachers on the firing range, he rubbed what would monitor and evaluate our movements. swimming, which most of us enjoyed. One appeared to be play dough between his hands. After each of us put on our white parka morning we arrived at the pool to see several He formed a long cord and wrapped it around a and trouser shell, we began the slow, cold ar-

Blue Line Magazine 7 FEBRUARY 2005 duous task of crossing the back yards. We also put a man field. Slowly but steadily we on the roof. inched our way toward the old The family, which had to building and after what be evacuated, had recently seemed like hours, we were moved into the house and were within 25 metres of the dark without a telephone. Nethery and silent objective. quietly borrowed a ladder from None of us was prepared a neighbour and we padded it for the tumultuous event that with clothing and propped it unfolded. Suddenly there were against the wall next to the up- blinding flashes, followed by stairs bedroom window. Look- deafening roars. Smoke gre- ing inside, Riddell spotted the nades popped and spewed or- husband and wife asleep in ange, green and grey smoke. I bed. He tapped on the window saw several muzzle flashes and held up his badge, but it coming from the house and took a few moments for him to heard men shouting. We nearly explain the purpose behind our crapped our drawers! The men sudden invasion of the family’s in the house – all volunteer privacy. Still, we managed to military personnel – were get the man and his family teaching us a valuable lesson: safely out of the house. nothing is as it seems. Take I decided that Gardiner nothing for granted and expect and I would enter the house the unexpected. through the front door and Our group had several make the arrest while Riddell rappelling training sessions and Nethery provided cover with Sgt. Dave Janssen before and observation. The door had being given the opportunity to a large window in the upper rappel from two Huey helicop- portion and the curtains had ters as they hovered 50 metres been drawn back. There were above the ground. Excitement no lights on. While standing filled the air when the birds near the door, Gardiner and I thundered into view. We hur- First London area OPP Tactics and Rescue Unit in 1975. Front row is Paul Valliere, closed our eyes for a few mo- Doug Hutton and Terry Drew while standing is Al Armstrong and Don Carson. The riedly tied rappel harnesses unit was formed to help protect Olympic athletes in the 1976 Olympics. ments to improve our night vi- around our thighs and waist sion. We then looked inside with short pieces of rope. Eve- and saw two sleeping forms on ryone wanted to be first in the air. By the end of casionally tap the expertise of military person- a sofa bed across the room, kiddie corner to the day, each of us had taken several exhilarat- nel such as Lt. Col. Ivor MacLeod and Cpt. the door. ing jumps. Unfortunately, one member broke Ted Ryzcko at CFB Trenton. Eventually the We were quite sure one would be our sus- his leg and another twisted an ankle. training would include the canine and under- pect, but who was the other? Were they pre- Tactics and rescue operations demand su- water search and recovery units and the hos- tending to sleep, ready to fire at us when we perb skill, fitness, high motivation, split-sec- tage negotiating team. Meanwhile, equipment made our move? Using signals and lip read- ond timing, cool judgment and teamwork. upgrades and familiarization continued on a ing, we planned our next move. We tried the Twenty-five of the 27 police officers selected regular basis. door – it was locked. Should we break the for the course passed. These men formed the Indeed, as TRU gained more experience, glass, reach in and unlock the door from the nucleus of what would become an effective, it received a number of requests for training inside? That could mean the loss of a hand from well-equipped and well-trained tactical squad from police services across Canada and the a shotgun blast. The decision was made. known as the Tactics and Rescue Unit (TRU). United States. Gardiner kicked in the door and I entered During the course of the Olympic yacht- The members of TRU felt they were swiftly, with him a split second behind. We ran ing events at Kingston, there were occasions trained to handle the type of situation that un- a few steps and then jumped through the air to when intelligence sources indicated potential folded on Oct. 12, 1977. Our unit got a call at land on the figures on the sofa bed. The bed problems. Fortunately, no major incidents oc- 11:30 pm stating that a Collingwood police collapsed and before both people knew what curred and the few minor situations were han- officer had been gunned down in cold blood, was happening, they were handcuffed and on dled effectively. It might suggest that no acts his service revolver still in his holster. Assist- the floor. of aggression had been planned, but it might ing the Collingwood police force was Det. A 21-year old man was turned over to the also indicate that effective security and pre- Insp. Tom Lennon of the OPP Criminal In- investigating officers, along with his 14-year paredness proved a sound deterrent. vestigations Branch, who requested our TRU old female bed partner and a pile of blood- Following the Olympics, TRU was di- team assist in arresting a suspect who was be- stained clothes. Eventually, he was sentenced vided into five, five-man units strategically lieved to be holed up in a local residence. to life imprisonment, with no parole eligibil- located throughout the province. Each team Four of my team members were available: ity for 25 years. had to be ready to respond to any high-risk Constables Bud Gardiner, Gus Riddell, Wayne threat if requested. I became the leader of the Nethery and myself. We arrived at the station Andrew F. Maksymchuk retired as an inspector after serv- team based at Downsview, Ont., on the north- at 2:20 a.m., were briefed on the events by ing more than 30 years with the OPP, including eight years ern edge of Toronto, and quite often we took Lennon and then given directions to the house, as TRU coordinator. He’s lectured to members of more than 100 police organizations around the world, was an advantage of the facilities there for our a two-storey duplex with living quarters on the expert witness on police procedures at officer death in- monthly training sessions. main floor and bedrooms upstairs. A family of quiries and wrote COPS: A Matter of Life and Death, pub- All of the TRU units would meet for on- four lived in one half, our suspect was believed lished by Eden Press of Montreal. He retired to Vernon, going training at CFB Borden every six to be in the other half. We quickly went into a BC with his wife Myra and is currently working on his memoirs.This article first appeared in the May/June 2001 months. These sessions were coordinated by military reconnaissance mode, slithering un- issue of Legion Magazine. our own training personnel, but we would oc- seen and unheard around both the front and

Blue Line Magazine 8 FEBRUARY 2005 A legacy of accomplishment The dense jungles of Vietnam, a grazing shot to a fellow soldier. unit in London. the side of the head and getting a leg mangled in a Carson was awarded with a slew of For the next 26 years, Carson grenade blast were not enough to prevent Don Carson medals for his efforts in the war. He re- served with the OPP, working in from becoming one of the first members of the Ontario ceived two Bronze Stars, one for Valour, Chapleau, policing reserves on James Provincial Police Tactics and Rescue Unit (TRU) in one Purple Heart, six Air Medals, the Army Bay and Hudsons Bay, serving as a de- 1974. Even the shrapnel still wedged firmly in his body Commendation Medal, an Army Good tective in Owen Sound in 1988 and then wasn’t enough to stop him from joining the elite unit. Conduct Medal, the Vietnam Service finally moving to Orillia’s Organized Carson, who served in the 82nd Airborne in the Medal, the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Crime Unit as a detective. US Army during the Vietnam war, was a clear and Medal, the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Carson’s distinguished policing ca- easy choice to work with the elite police unit. Carson Cross Medal, and a Republic of Vietnam reer ended in 2000 when he retired after first served as a MP at the start of the war where he Civil Actions Medal. 29 years of policing but had added one quickly became a helicopter gunner. He served three After leaving the US armed forces more medal to his chest; the Police Ex- tours of duty in and over the jungles of Vietnam be- in 1969 as a Sergeant, Carson joined the emplary Service Medal. Don has left a fore being seriously wounded in battle. He was nar- OPP in 1971. Three years later he became one of the legacy of accomplishments for others to rowly evacuated by helicopter after being saved by first member’s of the service’s newly formed tactics surpass but he is still looking for that next challenge.

Number of officers per capita declined in 2004

OTTAWA — There were just under 60,000 Cana- dian police officers as of June 15, 2004, according to a new report showing that there were fewer officers per capita in 2004 than a decade earlier. However, police strength has been increasing in recent years after reaching a low in 1998. Cana- da’s rate of 188 officers per 100,000 population is about 20 per cent lower than in the United States and Australia, and about 25 per cent lower than in England. In 2004, Saskatchewan reported 202 police officers for every 100,000 population, the highest rate among the provinces for the fourth consecutive year. It was followed by Manitoba, Quebec and Ontario. Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Is- land had the fewest police per capita. Most provinces have experienced declines in per capita police strength over the past decade, the largest being in Quebec (down seven per cent). Sas- katchewan reported the largest increase in police strength during this period. Among census metropolitan areas, Regina (207) and Thunder Bay (199) reported the highest rates of police officers per 100,000 population. The lowest rates were reported in Abbotsford (129), Ot- tawa (133) and London (134). One out of every six police officers in 2004 was female, a proportion which has been growing steadily since the mid-1970s. Police services reported that there were almost 10,000 female officers, a six per cent increase from 2003. The number of male officers remained virtually unchanged. British Columbia has the highest proportion of female officers, accounting for one in every five officers. The Atlantic provinces have the lowest proportion, at about one in every eight officers. Canadians paid $8.3 billion for policing services in 2003, an average of $263 per person. Spend- ing on policing has been increasing faster than inflation over the past six years, including a four per cent increase after adjusting for inflation, between 2002 and 2003. Since 1997, expenditures on policing increased 22 per cent after falling slightly (down three per cent) between 1992 and 1996.

Blue Line Magazine 9 FEBRUARY 2005 by Ryan Siegmund ing training and helped each other get through, he notes. “They pick you up when you have a Having ‘that warrior’s mindset’ is the sin- bad day, which was very important for us.” gle most important attribute of a good tac team Waddell concedes not having any family member, says Sgt. Tony Manning of the obligations also helped him maintain his fo- Calgary Police Tactical Unit – and it must be cus and drive, noting his drive and teamwork maintained, as the unit’s success hinges on were the two most important factors motivat- extensive and evolving training which prepares ing him to join the unit and stick with it. members for whatever may come their way. The young guys trying to get on the team In addition to being the sniper team leader, are likely to latch on to an experienced mem- Manning is also the operational team sergeant ber as a role model, says Manning, so it’s im- responsible for training. He runs the 26 week perative to have extremely positive role mod- introductory training course for would-be els to lead them. Having a negative team, some- members; the few who survive Manning and thing Manning has seen many times before, his fellow instructors’ system – and are still creates a negative police officer. standing – get to join. “When they are finished their 26 weeks, “We build a wall in front of them and they make a really good sniper, for example, and what we have now is a guy with raw skills – will either climb over that wall or they won’t,” they show a keen interest, they will be trained that’s all he’s got,” he says. “Now we have to says Manning. “If they don’t, they leave. If they accordingly – specialty skills are taught after take him and expose him to the functioning of climb the wall, we build another one a little basic skills. Instructors meet at the end of the the team and he’s got to fit into that team and higher. By the end of the 26 weeks, there is not course to determine who is strong and how they develop his position.” a whole lot we can do to put off these people.” fit the needs of the unit. The Calgary Tactical Unit currently has 22 Aspirants must successfully complete a “If a guy is showing a real aptitude for ex- members on three teams, each with a team two week selection process before entering the plosives in the basic course, they will do a po- leader (sergeant) and at least two snipers, bomb course, going through basic training drills and lice explosive technician assistance course. If and gas technicians. various psychological and clinical interviews. he shows a lot of aptitude on that and he is very The unit is deployed 800 to 1,000 times a The medical people rate them and compare interested, then we will send him off for his year, giving members a chance to use their notes with team instructors. bomb and explosive force density training, and skills on a regular basis, and are most fre- “We make a list of our people (and) the the same with the specialty munitions people.” quently deployed to execute high risk drug doctors make a list of theirs,” says Manning; The training is very in depth, says Manning, warrants. When they’re not on calls, they train. they then sit down together and compare notes. and everything is pass or fail. A candidate will Training is broken down into six areas and New members begin with a weapons often hang in for a couple of months but then one month segments, which are conducted course and follow through the various stages conclude ‘I don’t want to work this hard for the twice a year, and includes bus, train and air- of entry work, including stealth, dynamic and rest of my life’ or ‘this week isn’t suited to me’ craft assaults, high risk warrants and counter second storey entry courses. While continu- and leave, he says – and there are times instruc- terrorism – each segment also includes com- ally reviewing what they’ve learned so noth- tors will pull the pin on them and say ‘thank ponents on appropriate weapon selection and ing goes stale, they progress through officer you very much, but this isn’t for you,’ he adds. disabling methods. and hostage rescue situations, explosive force The six candidates in the 2003 recruit class The counter terrorism segments are exam- entries, high angle assault work and elevation all successfully completed basic training, the ples of how unit training has changed. “Hope- shaft, glass and brick climbing. first time that has happened. Previous classes fully it is something we will never have to use,” “While pushing these people hard, we re- lost 40 per cent of trainees, one way or another. notes Manning, “but if we do have to use that ally enforce the ability to succeed, the ability Travis Waddell was part of that group and skill, then we need to be able to succeed. to take no for an answer,” says Manning. “We says you have to be able to endure the mental “I need to be able to put resources in place really build them up; build them up, knock abuse and grueling physical training. “They that are going to look after the needs of the them down (and) build them up (again).” want to know right away if you can take it and people of Alberta. We have to train in the ar- Instructors constantly assess trainees’ best that is part of the weeding out process.” eas that we don’t go operational a lot, because attributes. If they think an individual would Team members were very supportive dur- when we do and we haven’t dealt with it that often, the risk is high in a lot of ways.” There is no room for on the job training on the teams, Manning says. “There is a lot of expertise that we can pass on to you, on any specific call, but you need to be trained in that area. We can’t send you on a call that you never had any training in and expect you to perform when people’s lives are at stake.” Teamwork and familiarity is imperative to the success of the unit, he says, noting there each team and member has its idiosyncrasies. “It might be the way your snipers supply information… it’s important for me to know what he means when he is saying things and they only get that through training. “It’s important for me to know if my guy is right handed or left handed, because as a team leader that may influence my decisions

Blue Line Magazine 10 FEBRUARY 2005 Manning says members understand the the ability to keep our people.” need to train hard because it’s helped them get The unit is fortunate in that it’s presently not through many situations. restricted by tenure, he says, something that re- “We use tactics over force – that’s our goal. ally damages a team. That “allows us to build up The truth is, we haven’t shot many people here an extremely high level of expertise in different in Calgary, despite the fact we are going out areas. Tenure (an average of eight years) is some- on 800 or 900 calls a year. .. that is a result of thing that strips teams of that ability, because you the training and experience we have.” get a guy to certain level after four or five years Training and experience helps members (and) he knows he’s leaving, so some of his mo- develop their most valuable asset – the right tivation to perform is gone. mindset and a positive belief in their ability to “If something happens and we have to say succeed, Manning says. Instructors can teach a ‘well, we couldn’t train in that area because member skills but “what I need him to do is to we are short on people’ – I mean, what kind of on certain situations when I send them into a have the mindset to succeed, no matter what an excuse is that? People just won’t understand room. When they are trained together and are happens. If he’s injured, whatever the problem that if someone loses their life over it.” gelling as a team – it is essential.” is – I still need him to push on and succeed. While admitting the unit is low on num- It is common for teams to send their peo- “The first week in where we train our peo- bers, Manning cautions that he is not complain- ple off to educational courses around the world. ple, that is what it is about. We will bring in ing and feels the team’s level of expertise is Members share what they’ve learned with the doctors; we will bring outside experts in to give high – “but we have to make sure that we know rest of the team and look for ways to apply it us the input into the will to succeed – the war- what we’re looking for when we pick our peo- in Calgary. rior mindset. That is the single most important ple and we’re very objective. There is no fa- “We never invent anything ourselves, we factor in any tactical member.” vouritism – we pick a person because we hon- steal everything from everyone from around Manning says his unit has been under estly believe he’s best for the unit.” the world,” says Manning. “We look at what strength for a couple of years now and constantly Members must love to train, be self-moti- would work for Calgary, based on the resources needs new members to replace those who’ve been vated and enjoy challenges, he says. “By fol- we have available to us. We keep our people promoted and moved out of the unit. lowing the basic skills learned before joining constantly training and figure it takes about “Ideally for us and for a successful tacti- a team, through to the advancement to specialty five years before a guy is really on top of his cal team, is keeping your best people and have work, the end result will be a good product. game and performing at an ultimate level.” it free of promotion,” he says. The product is so important because the kind Members are expected to stay current “If I get a sergeant who comes in and he of work we are asked to do out here, like any with changing technology so they’re pre- might have been a tactical guy in the past but other tactical team, is volatile; people’s lives pared to combat what the ‘bad guys’ are us- he’s been gone for five years, his skills are depend on the performance of our team. ing. The teams are the only Calgary police gone. His knowledge is old and if he is mak- “It’s also great fun, believe me.” unit that regularly carries Tasers but mem- ing decisions on a very high risk call, then he bers also use fibre optics, night vision, cam- jeopardizes the chances of success for the team. Ryan Siegmund is a freelance writer and researcher working with Blue Line Magazine. You can contact Ryan at era systems and intelligence gathering and Our world is constantly evolving and our skills [email protected] video surveillance equipment. never stand still, so it is essential that we have

Blue Line Magazine 11 FEBRUARY 2005 Spokesperson is important part of message It’s not just what is said – but also who says it by Mark Giles

As with many law enforcement skills, an effective means of delivery is needed to achieve the objective. Good public and media relations require the use of trained, prepared and appropriate spokespersons to deliver information and key messages to the public and community stakeholders. In today’s media-saturated world, government, private and non-profit organizations use spokespersons to communicate and connect As officer commanding the Canadian Forces National Investigation Services’ Quebec detachment with the public and their key audiences. Some- (military police), and officer in charge of a $100,000 drug seizure, Captain Steve Lebel acted as times it works; when it doesn’t, it may be be- spokesperson and subject-matter-expert when speaking to the media. cause the spokesperson employed wasn’t appropriate for the issue being discussed. ibility, as they are better able to speak to the Lagace, a senior army public affairs officer and Canadian law enforcement agencies em- details and relevant facts of a case. former media relations officer with the Winni- ploy both sworn members and civilians to If the investigation is in its early stages, or peg Police Service. “The officer who has ex- speak to the public on a variety of issues. Some your agency is not yet prepared to provide a perienced the challenges facing his or her col- prefer to use a designated spokesperson for detailed response, the designated spokesperson leagues has a certain understanding and em- day-to-day media contact while others prefer can be used to provide an overview of the facts pathy for the work they do, and that comes subject-matter-experts (SME), to avoid the without the risk of inadvertently providing too through when they speak to the media.” perception of a ‘talking-head’ speaking on be- much information to an aggressive reporter. In With experience and time though, civilian half of the agency. these cases, the designated spokesperson and spokespersons can also gain credibility with the SME work together, with the duty or media both internal and external audiences and often Designated spokesperson relations officer providing initial comment and have the following advantages: a more in-depth vs SME the SME later briefing the media more exten- and diversified background in public and me- Using a designated spokesperson simpli- sively on the status of the investigation or dia relations, often allowing them to react and fies day-to-day media operations for the charges laid. This tactic should not be used to deliver responses quickly; more media and busi- agency. The spokesperson may be a sworn avoid transparency or openness on an issue and ness contacts and perhaps a better ability as ci- member or civilian assigned to the public af- media should be advised that further informa- vilians to see the public’s perspective; and gen- fairs or media relations unit, or a duty officer tion will be released and when, but it does al- erally less susceptibility to law enforcement- (inspector) for operational matters, especially low the investigating unit and SME time to pre- related jargon and the ‘us and them’ mentality. after business hours. This concept allows im- pare for the release of further details. Depending on their background, civilian mediate delivery of basic information related spokespersons may see the bigger picture more to an incident or issue using spokespersons that Civilian vs sworn member easily, whereas sworn members are more likely are proficient at dealing with the media. The designated spokesperson is often a to grasp the details and read between the lines on A designated spokesperson can also be- member of an agencies’ public affairs or me- police reports and investigations. With a little come a trusted figure within the community, dia relations unit. Some agencies use sworn planning, an agency can use a blend of both to as was the case for several years with Cst. Anne members in this role, others use civilians and its advantage. The Edmonton Police Service Drennan of the Vancouver Police Department many use a combination of the two. Using a (EPS) uses both civilians and sworn members (VPD). As with television news anchors, the sworn member as spokesperson generally has effectively, in both operational and support roles. public identifies with this person(s) and devel- the following advantages: a greater credibility “Whenever possible, we try to use sworn ops confidence in their ability to provide the on police or investigative matters, a good un- members to speak to the public,” said Dean public with important information. derstanding of the challenges of the job and, Parthenis, police information officer with the Higher-profile investigations or events, therefore, perhaps a better rapport with the EPS. “Our civilian media-relations officers are, such as those related to robbery, fraud, com- sworn membership. however, always available to provide support, puter or sex crimes, are usually best handled “Using a sworn member as spokesperson including acting as spokespersons when the by a member of the investigative unit respon- for a (law enforcement) agency provides an police officers involved must make an investi- sible – a SME. He or she usually has more cred- extra level of credibility,” said Major Mike gation their first priority.”

Blue Line Magazine 12 FEBRUARY 2005 Other considerations include the type of policy or relations with other agencies are nor- best choice if unable to communicate well and issue. With public safety matters, a sworn mem- mally best addressed by a member of senior get key messages across. In these cases, the ber, preferably in uniform, is probably more management, usually at the chief, deputy chief public affairs or media relations officer, sworn reassuring to a victim’s family and friends and or civilian-director level. When they are not or civilian, may be a better option. the community at large. For a citizen’s com- available, or senior management wants initial Regardless of an agency’s philosophy, all plaint or professional standards issue, a civil- briefings handled at a lower level, the civilian spokespersons will benefit from the following: ian spokesperson might soften an agency’s public affairs officer can fill this role nicely. 1. A sound and consistent media-relations image somewhat, bringing the concept of ci- Without sworn member rank, it is usually easier policy, clearly outlining what is mandatory vilian involvement to mind. On the other hand, to speak on behalf of management as a corpo- and discretionary and who makes decisions a uniformed senior officer says ‘command and rate spokesperson in civilian dress (business suit regarding the use of spokespersons and the control’ and that the agency plans on getting or equivalent), which forms part of the message delivery of public information; to the bottom of the issue. that the issue is administrative and related to 2. Professional appearance: well-groomed and the management of the agency, rather than to attired, clear and confidant speaking voice Senior vs police or law enforcement operations. and strong interpersonal skills to relate to non-commissioned officer For issues related to daily operations, such the media and the public; When using sworn members, the rank of as a serious vehicle accident or residential 3. A strong working relationship between the the spokesperson is also a factor to be consid- break and enter, a duty/street inspector or of- public affairs/media relations unit and the ered. Anne Drennan was the designated ficer is likely most appropriate. The agency’s operational chain of command; and spokesperson for the VPD as a constable, but public affairs or media relations unit must also 4. Good relations with the media, including other agencies have used a senior officer, as be prepared to speak to these issues, however, reporters and journalists, editors and man- was the case with then Supt. Rick Hanson of as media will often contact them for immedi- agement, and camera and other support the Calgary Police Service in the mid-1990s. ate or follow-up information. personnel. A senior officer may come across as a The strategy and tactics used will depend Every member of a police or law enforce- greater authority figure, more knowledgeable on an agency’s priorities and philosophy. It’s ment agency serves as an ambassador for his on corporate issues, whereas a lower-ranking not a matter of being right or wrong, but de- or her organization. Spokespersons are ambas- officer, such as a sergeant or constable, is more ciding what message you want to send and sadors with an opportunity to speak to a larger likely to be seen as being in touch with day- what you are comfortable with. audience through television, radio and print to-day law enforcement and public safety is- media. Given the reach of today’s media, the sues. In reality, neither may be overly in touch Common ground – balancing use of appropriate spokespersons will increase with day-to-day operations on the street, but knowledge and preparation the likelihood of effective public and media the rank of the spokesperson may be a factor After deciding on the best strategy and an relations with the communities we serve. in how the message is perceived by the public appropriate spokesperson, the next question is: and key stakeholders. How prepared is our proposed spokesperson? Captain Mark Giles is the communications director for the Sometimes the best spokesperson is not avail- Canadian Forces Provost Marshal, National Investigation able or even comfortable speaking publicly on Service and Canadian Military Police Association, based Operational vs corporate at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa. E-mail: communications the matter. Although the SME almost always [email protected] Corporate issues related to funding, public has more credibility, he or she may not be the

Blue Line Magazine 13 FEBRUARY 2005 Thieves caught red handed with bait cars by Ryan Siegmund Bait cars are everywhere – steal one and get busted. That warning has would-be car thieves in Vancouver and four other Canadian cities thinking twice before speeding off in cars which don’t belong to them. A bait car is equipped with a global positioning system (GPS) tracking device, con- nected through a cellular digital link to the police dispatch centre. It’s instantly notified when a door is opened and can pinpoint the exact location of the car and track its movements. Once the responding officers get in behind it and have a visual, they ask the operator to disable the engine and arrest the occupants. “The beauty of the program is that everything that took place inside that car, from the moment the door opens, is caught on audio and video,” says Tim Shields, officer in charge of the Integrated Municipal Provin- cial Auto Crime Team (IMPACT) bait car program in Vancouver. This feature is especially useful in cases where there are multiple suspects inside the car, Shields notes. Traditionally passengers claim they were hitch-hiking and didn’t know the car was stolen but Shields says everything changes when their conversation is recorded. Thieves realize they are going to be arrested very quickly once they see police behind them, which generally happens within a few minutes of the theft, and often plead guilty. “We are finding it to be a successful program and have seen a decline in auto theft of about 13 per cent, year to date, averaged out across the whole area of greater Vancouver.” There were about 32,000 stolen vehicles in the greater Vancouver area in 2003. On a per capita basis, Shields says that puts Van- couver amongst the highest cities in North America for auto thefts. Not only is auto theft a property crime, it also poses a threat to public safety. Shields points to the many times car thieves drive reck- lessly or at excessive speeds and flee from or even taunt police into a pursuit. Many are aware that pursuits will be called off when speeds become dangerous, as required by police pursuit legislation in BC. With the ability to remotely disable a bait car, high speed pursuits aren’t an option. The IMPACT bait car program began in April of 2004 and now stretches across 16 municipalities around the greater Vancouver area and may expand to Vancouver Island in the near future. IMPACT prefers to not disclose how many bait cars are in circulation, however its equipment manufacturer has told them they now have the largest fleet in North America. The bait car fleet is representative of the most commonly stolen vehicles in British Co- lumbia. IMPACT uses a computer program called ‘Crime Point’ that identifies auto theft hot spots and can check certain time periods to find out how many vehicles, and what type, were stolen from a particular street. “We pick a car from the bait car fleet that matches that same type that is being stolen and we will put it in that auto theft hot spot,”

Blue Line Magazine 14 FEBRUARY 2005 Shields says, “so we are very strategic as to cles are recovered by police, with the rest miss- where we put them. We find that if an auto ing or stolen by organized crime groups. These thief is living in a certain area, then he will cars are either chopped into parts or re-vinned typically steal the same type of vehicle.” and exported to other provinces or countries. The start up costs for the first year of op- In BC, police recover some 95 per cent of eration were about one million dollars and that stolen vehicles. While every jurisdiction has dif- included purchasing the vehicles, equipping ferent causes for auto theft, Shields says the trend them with the electronics and an advertising in Vancouver is that it goes hand in hand with campaign. Shields says the deterrent value is drug addiction, especially methamphetamine. not necessarily the number of bait cars in your “Auto theft is like a barometer that indicates a fleet but the success of your advertising and community’s level of drug addiction,” says publicity campaign. Shields, referring to the cycle of addiction where IMPACT is trying to get in the minds of an addict needs a daily fix and will do anything, car thieves with its advertisements and slogan, including committing crimes, to get it. which are on the radio, billboards, bus shel- “In order to do crimes, he needs a stolen ters, transit stations and public bathrooms. vehicle. He’ll steal a vehicle, then use it to help Shields says it’s crucial to send a message to him commit break and enters of houses, busi- those people bent on stealing cars for a living. nesses, strong arm robberies, smash and grabs, “You need to put the emotion of doubt and purse snatchings – all are big.” fear in thieves so that they won’t know if the An IMPACT study found that the average next car they are about to steal is a bait car or Vancouver auto thief is 28, a repeat offender not,” says Shields. “In these seven months that and usually a meth addict, with heroin and we have had it going, there is no question what- crack cocaine secondary. soever that the criminal element are all aware The savings in insurance claims alone that bait cars are everywhere.” would be about $12 million a year if Vancou- Unlike IMPACT, the Winnipeg Police ver auto thefts can be reduced by 10 per cent, Service’s bait car program didn’t receive a sub- notes Shields. stantial amount of money to launch an adver- Minneapolis, Minnesota, the first city to tising campaign. The WPS is combating the adapt a bait car program, has seen a consistent second highest rate for auto thefts in the coun- decline in auto thefts in the eight years it has try, behind Surrey, BC. used the cars. Three other Canadian cities – Staff Sgt. Brian Cyncora of the Winnipeg Regina, Sudbury and most recently, London – Police Service Criminal Investigation Bureau also operate bait car programs. acknowledges the importance of having effective advertising. “If you have money for ad- Ryan Siegmund is a freelance writer and researcher working with Blue Line Magazine. You can contact Ryan at vertising, it’s going to send a message out to [email protected] the community, but if you don’t have it – it’s not going to have the same effect.” An advertising program such as Vancou- ver’s may not be effective in Winnipeg though, he says, given the offenders the service is targeting. The average car thief in the city is 16 years old and Cyncora says it’s not uncom- mon to have offenders under 12. “Where are we going to advertise – in the elementary bathrooms? It’s disturbing to us, to say the least, that we have this many young people, who can’t really make adult decisions, driving around with no experience.” Cyncora says Winnipeg uses tactical de- ployment, strategically placing cars in hot spots chosen based on the changing profile of stolen cars. If you are not getting the right product out there, he notes, thieves are not going to steal it and therefore it is a waste of time. Winnipeg was the first Canadian police agency to launch bait cars when it began its program in 2001. It’s had its ups and downs; Cyncora says it took until last fall to get the program running properly. “We became a test site and there were things that worked and didn’t work as far as the equipment… the cars are not as labour free as you might think,” says Cyncora. “We’re the first ones and the police industry got the benefit from our testing – Vancouver among them.” The greater Vancouver area has benefited and IMPACT is very satisfied with the number of arrests made thus far, which it plans to make public once the program completes its first year of operation. Compared to other provinces, Shields says BC has a very different auto theft trend. In eastern Canada, about 60 per cent of stolen vehi-

Blue Line Magazine 15 FEBRUARY 2005 So who wants to be Chief? by James Clark ered for the position. Let’s hope that if one of The Toronto Police Service is about to start them is selected, it is for their skills and ability looking for a new Chief of Police. After a very and not just so that some politician can claim questionable political process they have de- that they have appointed the first. cided not to renew Chief Fantino’s contract and I was present at my Police Services Board look for a new Chief. “So let the games be- when they promoted a Sergeant on my platoon gin”, was the comment that I heard from my to Staff Sergeant. He was the first black of- Chief when he decided to retire. I was one of ficer to reach this rank. This part of the meet- his Deputy Chief’s and of course the specula- ing is not open to the public and one board tion, or should I say guessing game began im- member commented to me, “I guess you can mediately. looking for in a new Chief of Police for To- say this officer is our Jackie Robinson”. This The first question a person in my posi- ronto. Realizing that the present Chief did not comment disgusted me as it degraded the of- tion had to ask himself was why in hell do manage to maintain the confidence of a ma- ficer involved. I knew that he deserved the pro- you want the job? Never mind the endless jority of the Police Services Board, the candi- motion because of his ability and service, but politics, lack of support from members of your date must look at what the Chief did right and it was clear that this politician looked at it in a own police services board and the unrelent- also what he did that caused him to lose sup- different light. ing attacks from certain media groups, they port from the Board. This of course is really The topic of who should be the next Chief want you to sign a contract that allows them an unanswerable question. The Chief of Po- of Police has also been the subject of discus- to dump you for any reason. As a senior of- lice could be the most outstanding leader in sion in many areas of the private sector. I have ficer your thirty-odd years with the service law enforcement in the country, with solid sup- been present when some corporate leaders of provides some protection and allows you to port from his senior officers and front line staff industry express concern as to how the selec- decide when you want to retire. Once you take and from the various members of the commu- tion is made. Some question why the Chief of the Chief’s job, you must sign a contract and nity. His failure could be that he simply does Police needs to be a police officer at all. They a new set of pressures come into play. Since not fit into the idea of what a Chief should be point out that he really doesn’t carry out the my retirement, they now make the Deputy by those holding the votes on the Board. Or, role of a police officer but rather that of a Chiefs sign a contract and some of them have he could be too good at his job, which places C.E.O. of a corporation larger than most com- found out that their retirement plans were him in a position of power that may threaten panies. When I try to defend the present tradi- moved up by the political side of policing. the politicians that govern him. tion of selecting an officer with extensive po- So why then do people apply? In my case Over the past several years many Chiefs lice experience, they point out that someone I was driven by two things, my ego and my of Police have been appointed to various Po- who is responsible for controlling a half bil- desire to change the direction of the police lice Services around the country. I recall when lion dollar budget and the implementation of service to what I thought it should be. Let me one Police Board announced that they had ap- policies and controls of staff exceeding 7,000 comment that after spending many years mov- pointed the first female Chief of Police. They people should be someone who has been edu- ing up the ladder, I’ve seen many changes take seemed to put greater emphasis on the fact that cated for the task and has a proven track record place. You see things that you do not agree she was female rather than her skills and abil- of business management. They comment that with and work with some people that you do ity to hold the position. Although this person the policing part of the job can be given to not respect. Others have the same feelings may have been qualified for the position, it Deputy Chiefs who would report on their suc- about issues and in some cases about you. suggested that the appointment was more for cesses and failures. In the end, I find myself There is an expectation that all officers near political gains rather than for the good of the holding on to the values of tradition as the only the top of the ladder will attempt to take con- Police Service or Community. With the Toronto argument left at my disposal. trol and unless they are very close to their own position open, there has been much specula- Considering the extensive pressures placed retirement, will apply for the position. tion about several high ranking visible minor- on the Chief of Police in a city the size of To- The question now is what should they be ity and female officers who may be consid- ronto and the demands on their time to deal with the daily challenges facing the community, maybe the answer is a Chief of Police who reports to a Commissioner of Police. This Com- missioner would be a civilian who has experience in both the management of a large corporation and the skills and ability to work with the political community who is responsible for overall public safety. Or then again, maybe the Chief of Police position is eliminated and re- placed by the Commissioner of Police. As a former Deputy Chief and unsuccess- ful candidate for the position of Chief of Po- lice, let me describe to you the only thing that I am sure that they are looking for in a new Chief: A male or female person, who is willing to commit themselves and their spouse or partner to a challenge that will consume every minute of their waking hours. The rest cannot be accurately detailed as every person who will take part in the selection of the next Chief has their own idea as to what is important. Let us hope the successful person can rise above them and fulfil our expectations.

James Clark, president of Monad Security Audit Systems,is a former deputy chief of the Toronto Police Service. He can be contact at: [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 16 FEBRUARY 2005 by Devin Kealey

In 1990, the Toronto Police police officers, and heart Service in partnership with wrenching commentary from MADD Canada, produced an injured survivors, families, anti-drinking and driving video friends and teachers. The video called “Missing You”. For over features two poignant songs, the ten years “Missing You” has first Not Ready To Go is per- been seen by thousands of formed by The Trews, and the young people across the coun- second “Time” is performed by try in an effort to reduce inci- Chantal Kreviazuk. The video dents of death and injury from concludes with a montage of motor vehicle collisions which photographs of sons, daughters, involved drivers who had con- mothers, fathers, brothers and sumed alcohol. sisters, who have all lost their The “Missing You” video lives or been injured as a result has become dated and the To- of incidents of impaired driving. ronto Police Service has again The launch of this video is partnered with MADD Canada timely in relation to support of and produced a new impaired the RIDE program and the on- driving video entitled Not going discussions in the House Ready To Go. This video is of Commons regarding the use hard hitting and is aimed at of marijuana. educating youth and care giv- The Toronto Police Serv- ers across the country about the ice is committed to removing real consequences of getting impaired drivers from our behind the wheel while im- roads. Impaired driving re- paired by alcohol or drugs. mains the leading criminal cause of death in The video re-tells the story of a horrific tims, and all of their families and friends, are Canada. Thousands of people are killed or in- crash that claimed the lives of five young teens still dealing with the affects of this collision. jured on Canada’s roadways each year. and injuring 11, including two adults, seriously. The driver that caused the collision was a The expectation is the video will become It all began when 14 friends, returning from a 17-year-old young offender and was eventu- required viewing for all police officers nation- party to celebrate the end of the school year, ally convicted of five counts of dangerous driv- ally and be distributed to each MADD Chap- became involved in a multi-vehicle crash on a ing causing death, three counts of dangerous ter across the country, and become the centre- straight stretch of highway just outside of driving causing bodily harm and was sentenced piece for regular presentations to address im- Perth, Ontario. The teens were heading home to one year. paired driving issues. in a four-car convoy when one car pulled out The June 1999 collision remains one of the The Toronto Police Service and MADD to pass and struck a pick-up truck, which was most horrific crashes in modern Canadian his- Canada urges everyone to drive straight and towing a trailer with a car inside. tory. This video sends a strong message to sober each and every day of the year. The subsequent chain of events left Stan youth across the country that operating a mo- Thomson, 18, Alan Siew, 17, Dustin Record, tor vehicle after the use of not just alcohol but Not Ready To Go is available in both VHS and DVD for- 17, David Rider, 16, and Homoyoun Chaudry, also drugs (marijuana in this particular case) mat. All inquiries can be directed to Sgt. Devin Kealey or 17, all dead. The two occupants of the pick-up can have the same disastrous results. Cst. Julie Mahoney at Toronto Police – Traffic Services truck Max Beyore, 37, and Time Cole, 35, were Not Ready To Go is 20 minutes in length, at 416-808-1900 or by contacting MADD Canada at 1-800- seriously injured. To this day the surviving vic- including sobering remarks from investigating 665-6233.

Blue Line Magazine 17 FEBRUARY 2005 Gun control and homicide in Canada Legislation has mixed results by Antoon A. Leenaars dicators are not presently available. For example, alcohol and drug consumption data Single-factor prevention efforts have in Canada have only been available since rarely been shown to impact the homicide 1985. rate, since many factors can lead to the be- Canada’s Department of Justice (1996) haviour. Gun control has been proposed as also isolated a few other social variables that an important component of society’s re- may be associated to homicide, i.e., data on sponse. foreign-borns, which is only gathered every The most popular method for commit- five years and education levels, which ting a homicide differs by country but fire- doesn’t lend itself to similar analysis. arms are preferred in some, including Canada It would also be useful to explore the and the United States. Most of the research impact of Bill C-51 on murder rates broken on gun control’s impact on homicide has down by offender characteristics; for exam- been conducted in the US. It’s a controversial ple, did it have an impact on murders commit- issue there, especially since the right to bear gested that even if this phenomenon, which ted by males versus females or 15 to 24 year arms is enshrined in the American Constitu- criminologists call ‘displacement,’ occurred, olds versus those of other ages? Unfortunately, tion. there might still be significant effects in not all murders are solved and data on offend- The situation is quite different in Canada, subpopulations (e.g., age, sex). ers by sex and age for each year are not avail- which has a long history of gun legislation. A 1997 study by the same authors exam- able. Bill C-51, enforced from 1978 onwards, of- ined the impact of gun control on different ages While controlling access to lethal means fers an opportunity to study the effects of gun and found that, while displacement occurred for murder has been proposed as a sound tac- control laws on homicide rates. The act re- for young adult victims, it did not for old adult tic for prevention (e.g., Lester, 1984), others quired acquisition certificates for all firearms, victims. Their study the previous year showed strongly disagree (e.g., Kleck, 1991). The stud- restricted the availability of some types to cer- that firearms homicides decreased for female ies on the impact of gun control laws in Canada tain individuals, set up procedures for handling victims, with no evidence of a switch to an- suggests that controlling access to lethal means and storing, required those selling guns to get other method, but displacement appeared to for murder may be an effective tactic for some permits and increased the sentences for fire- occur for males. vulnerable targets. arm offences. Leenaars and Lester (2001) showed a fur- Although the main conclusion is in sup- Early commentators on its impact (Mundt, ther positive impact of the law for older and port of the prediction that one can reduce homi- 1990) noted that it had little perceptible im- female victims, even if one controlled for some cide incidents by controlling the environment, pact on homicides, but Mundt provided only a socio-economic variables (i.e. unemployment more research is needed to strengthen the con- few charts and numbers and didn’t test their rate, median family income, birth, marriage and clusion that gun control laws have significantly statistical significance. divorce rates, percentage of young males in impacted homicide. For example, since Bill C- Leenaars and Lester (1994) used a com- the population). 51 involved both additional regulations and plex statistical package. Their results suggested Social changes other than those consid- additional punishments, it might be worthwhile that fewer firearms were used for homicide ered, of course, may also have caused the to address which part of the bill may have been after the law was passed, but they also found homicide rate changes and using a different effective and why. evidence some individuals may have used set of social indicators (such as drug use) Since C-51, there have been two additional other means to murder, since the homicide rate might have changed the estimates of the law’s gun control laws in Canada (C-17 in 1991 and using all other methods increased. They sug- impact, however appropriate data on such in- C-68 in 1995). The first strengthened the

Blue Line Magazine 18 FEBRUARY 2005 screening provision for firearms acquisition (FAC), requiring more complete search of ap- House robbers report grow op in Alberta plicants’ personal and criminal records and longer waiting periods (28 days). Bridges Police in Alberta had a mystery on their brought five friends to beat him with bats, (2004), using the statistical methods of hands when a group of youths showed fists and boots. At one point, the youth Leenaars and Lester’s work, showed that this up at an RCMP detachment in Janu- claimed the female homeowner new bill probably reduced homicides. ary to confess to a break-and-enter. grabbed his testicles and ordered one The Canadian Firearms Act (C-68) was The mystery was that no robbery of the others to fetch a knife. passed in 1995 and called for the registry of had been reported and the Mounties Fortunately for the youth, the visit all shotguns and rifles. It took effect in 1998, couldn’t figure out why the youths were ended there, but he said the group but its licensing and registration provisions so eager to confess. The answer be- promised to return for money to pay were introduced in stages and there was oppo- came clear, however, when police for damage that had been done to their sition, mounting internal problems and further learned the youths had broken into a mari- back door. Police obtained search war- delays. It was implemented July 1, 2003 and it juana grow operation the previous day and feared rants and raided the grow-op, arresting the male will be interesting to see if its impact is similar retribution from the owners for stealing some of homeowner at gunpoint as he attempted to drive to its predecessors. the crop. away. A large quantity of marijuana was found in It is more problematic to study, however Police said one of the youths had already the car and a marijuana grow operation was found been visited by the homeowners, who allegedly and as a lead researcher in gun control, I must inside a hidden room inside the house. confess that I really question whether we can ever show its impact. Much of the discussions to date have been simple charts and numbers, regressing back to the days of Mundt in 1980’s. This is no more acceptable in science as it would be in law enforcement! Of course, homicide is multi-determined and gun control is only one tactic to reduce it. The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics report, Homicide in Canada 2003, addressed the question of why Canada’s homicide rate has declined. They cite my studies on gun control, but also other factors, such as new advances and improvements in medical technology. They also cite one of my new studies (Leenaars & Lester, 2004), which shows demographics, specifically the declining proportion of youth (age 15 to 24 years), even if one controls for other socio-economic variables, reduced the rate of homicide. There are further possible factors, such as improvements in policing, but no Canadian data. Further research is required, but support for it, even for homicide, is at an all time low in Canada, so it is unlikely to occur. Windsor psychologist Dr. Antoon A. Leenaars, Ph.D., C.Psych., CPQ, is a lead Canadian researcher in suicide, homicide and gun control. His new book, Psychotherapy with Suicidal People (Wiley, 2004) provides a unique window to the suicidal mind. He has served as an expert witness in legal cases dealing with wrongful death, suicide and homicide and can be reached at [email protected] or 519-253-9377.

Blue Line Magazine 19 FEBRUARY 2005 The bystander effect by Dorothy Cotton They had previous unpleasant encounters, or expected they would get grief if they called I was driving home the other night when a (you can insert a few hundred words here about car ahead of me slid off the road. It wasn’t a the importance of community policing and why big crash or anything, it just sort of slid. Two people need to feel that all members of the com- or three other drivers in front of me immedi- munity, not just the police, need to be respon- ately pulled over and ran to help; I slowed sible for crime prevention – but I expect you down but it seemed enough people were there know more about that than I do so I’ll leave and besides, it’s not like I have any skills par- you to it). ticularly useful in such situations – I’m not a Mostly though, there was a sense that medical doctor or nurse or anything. ‘someone else’ was taking care of it. The fact I suppose I could have asked the driver is that people in groups are very different from how he felt about being in an accident, but that the need for help would have been very clear people who are alone. Sometimes that is a good didn’t really seem terribly appropriate. As I and I likely would have stopped. I might also thing, sometimes it’s not. drove home, I did feel mildly guilty about not have been more apt to stop if the two cars be- As for me, I lied about driving past the stopping, though. hind me had not sped by without stopping. accident. It just made a good story. I would The incident reminded me of all the stud- When things are unclear, you take your cue never do that – or at least I would never admit ies I read back in my student days about how from others – and the others seemed to indi- to it. That’s what we call social desirability bias people behave in times of emergency, both in- cate that there was no need to assist. Besides, – but that’s another story. dividually and in groups. Those of you who as I noted, I figured there were other people deal with groups probably already know that helping out. This is what we call ‘diffusion of You can reach Dr. Dorothy Cotton, Blue Line’s psychol- the more people around, the less likely any- responsibility;’ everyone thinks someone else ogy columnist , at [email protected] one is to help. It’s called the ‘bystander effect’ will look after things. and has been widely studied. Some of the older folks might remember So much for there being safety in numbers. the famous case of Kitty Genovese, a young Siblings earn award for bravery woman who was repeatedly attacked and even- You’d think that the more people on a scene, CALGARY - Stopping an armed bank robber has the greater the chance there would be a good tually murdered in New York City in the earned a Calgary brother-and-sister team the coun- Samaritan to help, but it’s just the opposite. 1960’s. While a murder in the Big Apple isn’t try’s highest award for bravery. Some 75 per cent of people who witness an exactly news, this case had a profound effect Travis and Jennifer Clarkson received the Gov- emergency while alone provide assistance – because it turned out that there were at least ernor General’s Medal for Bravery after they repeat- but if there’re others around, only about 50 per 38 witnesses to the events that led to Kitty’s edly stopped the gunman’s escape. The siblings were near a Royal Bank on Calgary’s Memorial Drive when cent will offer to help. death, yet not one of them called the police or they saw a man, who had just robbed the bank, beat- You could argue that not everyone needs otherwise intervened. ing another man and stealing his sports utility vehicle. to help – that was my thought as I drove past Why? Most of their reasons were related With his sister in the passenger seat, Clarkson the accident – and it might be true; but frankly, to the issues described above – everyone ex- brought his half-ton truck around and stopped it be- unless you stop, how do you know if they need pected someone else to do something, it wasn’t hind the SUV. The robber leapt from the vehicle and pointed a .22-calibre handgun at the siblings. more help? 100 per cent clear exactly what was going on Travis backed off just for a moment, then blocked The situation tends to be particularly bad and they all thought someone had already taken the crook again. The maddened robber leapt from the if the need for help is ambiguous. If there had care of it. vehicle and fired at least two shots, one striking been a lot of cars off the road and a bunch of There were also a few people who just Clarkson’s truck. screaming children at the accident I passed, didn’t want to get involved with the police. The gunman ran to another vehicle and comman- deered it at gunpoint, but the siblings blocked it as well. The gunman fled when police arrived with guns drawn. The robber was arrested a few blocks away. Joshua McCarthy, 21, was sentenced last July to nine years in prison. Calgary police applauded the pair. “I’m not going to recommend people put themselves in harm’s way, but fortunately this turned out in a good way,” Det. Dave Louie was quoted as saying. The siblings were honoured at a ceremony at Otta- wa’s Rideau Hall in January.

Blue Line Magazine 20 FEBRUARY 2005 BC police will soon patrol from above by Ryan Siegmund

VANCOUVER—The Brit- ish Columbia government will soon announce the acquisition of a helicopter to assist Lower Mainland policing. “No formal announcement has come from the Solici- tor General (Rich Coleman),” says Vancou- ver Police Chief Jamie Graham, “but several local media outlets have run stories that a ‘Lower Mainland of BC’ helicopter is on the way, courtesy of the Province of British Columbia... “I did confirm that Mr. Coleman, whose Durham Regional Police is one of four Cana- ministry oversees police services and the In- dian Police Services currently using helicopters surance Corporation of British Columbia for routine patrol. York Regional Police, Calgary (ICBC), will be announcing soon this acquisi- Police and Edmonton Police are the other agencies. The Ontario Provincial Police and RCMP tion. I also understand that they will be paying have helicopters for special operations only. capital and operating costs and that serviced police agencies will be expected to supply spot- Police, as initiatives are underway with our own ters and some incidental costs.” Vancouver Police Foundation and other sources The news is very welcome, says Graham, to find a way to obtain our own helicopter.” because “the geography of this region, with The announcement shows “great leader- its half dozen municipal police forces and an ship and a true, long lasting commitment to equal number of RCMP detachments, has public safety,” says Graham. badly needed a helicopter for some time.” Funding and the operational breakdown of Coleman has always supported the concept how the helicopter will be used are currently of a helicopter to assist local police agencies, being discussed and “once the formal an- Graham notes. nouncements are made, we understand that we “This kind of an announcement could not will have this eye in the sky fairly soon, which have come at a better time for the Vancouver is just outstanding news,” he says.

Blue Line Magazine 21 FEBRUARY 2005 Brockville helps families in Belarus by Elvin Klassen city on a six week respite visit when the service put on a Risk Developing a safe community Watch program for grade five and was a real community effort for six students. “We had some of Brockville, Ontario, where 86 or- them in the classroom,” says King, ganizations cooperated to realize “and (they participated) through a common goal – making the an interpreter.” ‘City of the 1,000 Islands’ the The mayor provided a profile safest and healthiest community of each Chausy city department, in- in Canada. cluding staffing, budget, equip- Their efforts were recognized ment, calls or patients and the most in 2001 when the World Health common cause of injuries and Organization accredited the city as deaths. Fire was the major concern, a ‘designated safe community.’ To since the city had only a few leaky qualify, cities need partnerships and inadequate Second World War which promote safety, programs Brockville police chief Barry King poses with the chiefs of the police and fire tankers for fire fighting. departments in Belarus. targeting high-risk groups and en- Brockville had already sent vironments and ongoing participa- the city a refurbished ambulance tion in national and international safe commu- International safety initiative and fire truck. When King, Brockville’s nity networks. Brockville reached out to its twin city of mayor, a firefighter and six CAC volunteers More than one quarter of Brockville’s safe Chausy, Belarus, which is just 10 km north of visited Chausy in October, they took along a community organizations have committed to the Chernobyl nuclear station. It received more pumper truck, fully equipped with helmets, work toward ensuring that all children are: than 70 per cent of the radioactive fallout in boots, coats, fire fighting equipment and ra- • born healthy the days following the 1986 disaster. dio system, 100 smoke detectors and a year’s • cared for and safe One of the safe community partners is ‘Ca- supply of multi-vitamins for 2000 children in nadian Aid for Chernobyl (CAC),’ which is • ready for school and orphanages and hospitals. based in Brockville and sends humanitarian aid “We were all billeted in Russian homes, that all children and youth: and two delegations of 10 to 20 volunteers a • are successful at school by choice,” says King. “I stayed with a man year to Chausy. Food, clothing, medicine and who is a driver for the regional government • make a successful transition to young adulthood other supplies – $24 million worth so far – are and makes $25 per month. His wife works at The project’s success depends on the com- hand delivered to ensure they get to the in- the hospital. They and their 11-year-old mitment of the entire community. Schools, tended locations and recipients. daughter have five chickens, a dog, few businesses, councils, parents, youth, police and CAC has also renovated orphanages and clothes and live in a four-room house. They the many agencies supporting children and hospitals, installed laundry facilities and up- have one sink with only cold well water, a youth have developed a collaborative and co- graded kitchens and washrooms, helping wood stove and an outside, stand up only operative network and work for the healthy families and children, especially those who outhouse. Despite their conditions, they are development of all. It’s an invitational chal- lost parents and have no support because of a warm, wonderful and appreciative family.” lenge to make a difference for kids. radiation sickness. Almost all homes in Chausy are heated Each organization has identified what it Brockville Police Service Chief Barry with a wood stove or metal bucket in the can do to promote the Every Kid in Our Com- King has co-chaired the safe community coa- house. Cold water and outdoor toilets are community (EKIOC) concept. lition since its inception and also belongs to mon. Old rugs are used on the walls to cut A ‘council of champions’ was formed, the EKIOC lead team. He recalls helping to drafts. Food is mainly what you can grow from made up of people committed to community bring Chausy’s mayor, fire and police chiefs, seeds in the radioactive soil, which is still 70 improvement for children and youth and will- education and social services directors and per cent contaminated. Everyone over 12 years ing to promote the project and help remove head of hospitals and orphanages to the city old must work for one month on a “collective” barriers to its progress. for a week-long visit. farm to harvest potatoes the size of plums, The coalition chooses clearly identifi- “We planned six ‘themed’ days,” he recalls, which are sold in government stores. able projects to support, with needs identi- where the visitors were able to meet their The Brockville Police Service donated its old fied by partners. Success is indicated when Brockville counterparts and provincial and fed- uniforms and winter parkas to the city last year, community members begin practicing asset eral politicians. They also got a first-hand look along with bags and bags of good used winter building principles. at Brockville’s safety and injury prevention pro- clothes and toys. It also sent 30 bicycles that were grams. Seventy Belarus children were in the found property; instead of being auctioned off, they were distributed to Belarus orphanages. Brockville also donated a laptop computer, complete with Russian/English translation software, printer and Internet access so the two cities can communicate with each other. Brockville is making a difference in Belarus, says King. “The significant thing you note is that children from either country are the very same… eager, bright and loving. What we are trying to do in Belarus is add hope.” Brockville is “seen as an angel of mercy,” Chausy’s mayor says. “We see smiles on faces when Canadians are coming... thank you for everything.” Barry King can be contacted at [email protected] or 613 342-0127. Elvin Klassen, Blue Line’s west coast correspondent, can be reached at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 22 FEBRUARY 2005 Community, family mourn RCMP officer by Danette Dooley Evely’s family — his wife, Annie Accused escaped Lavigne and daughters, Corinne, 7 The accused in the case, 24- “Thank you, but please, no more and Lydia, 4. year-old Michael Douglas O’Brien, flowers!” Lavigne, a teacher in Vernon, was mistakenly released from the Bouquets of flowers were taught the Lacasses’ young son. Kamloops Regional Correctional still piling up in Vernon, BC Lacasse said the Evely children are Centre Dec. 10 after a video court a month after the car crash finding their own ways to grieve appearance. The Crown had laid an that claimed the life of 39- and to remember the daddy they additional theft-related charge, po- year-old RCMP Auxiliary loved dearly. Watching them do so lice said, but when documents sup- Cst. Glen Evely, forcing Cpl. is heart wrenching, he said, particu- porting it arrived at the facility, he Yves Lacasse to ask the community to stop. larly at Christmas. was inadvertently released. “Today (Dec. 10) we ended up having to “Glen used to take his two lit- A Canada-wide warrant was call the city foreman because so many flowers tle girls out shopping and they’d issued and he was re-arrested a were still being delivered to the crash site,” buy little things for (their) mom’s week later in Calgary. Lacasse said. “It was just too difficult for stocking. Today, when I was having coffee with Police had been pursuing O’Brien, who (Evely’s wife) Annie to go downtown anymore.” Annie, she said one thing her daughter said is was allegedly driving a stolen pickup truck, The volunteer officer died instantly Nov. that ‘daddy’s not going to be here to do that.’ but called off the chase when it became too 13 when a stolen pickup truck slammed into So, the seven-year-old feels very sad that she’s dangerous. O’Brien allegedly kept speeding the patrol car in which he was riding. Veteran not going to be able to do that this year.” and ran a red light. RCMP Cst. Frank Grenier, who was driving, Evely’s eldest daughter, Corinne, has He faces charges of criminal negligence was seriously injured. found a way to ensure that the memories of causing bodily harm and death, theft over Some 3,000 people attended Evely’s fu- their time as a family don’t fade anytime soon. $5,000 and flight from police. neral Nov. 20, including 1,500 uniformed po- “The seven-year-old called me this week and lice officers, paramedics, firefighters and for- asked me to come to her home,” Lacasse recalled. Trust fund for family estry workers. “When I did, she wanted to show me that A trust fund for Evely’s family has been “The RCMP has lost one of its own,” she’d removed clothes from her closet and had established at the Royal Bank. Those wishing RCMP Commissioner Giuliano Zaccardelli built a shrine in there with about 30 family pic- to help can make a donation at any branch by told them. “Vernon has lost a remarkable citi- tures and pictures of Glen that she had put on referring to account 07920-5109996 (Evely zen — a man who gave back more than he the wall — and she had different things that Trust Account). could ever receive and who did so for the best Dad had built put on the floor with a little light. of reasons: because that’s just who he was.” It was her special place.” Danette Dooley can be reached at [email protected] Seeing the outpouring of support for their son was extremely emotional for Evely’s parents, both of whom are in their mid-seventies, Lacasse said. “(Police) departments from all across Canada, from Newfoundland to the West Coast, have all shown great support. That’s been tremendous comfort for Glen’s family and also for our members who are going through their grief, too,” Lacasse said. Evely is survived by his brother Christopher and his family. Evely’s parents, John and Daphne are originally from New- foundland, where relatives on both sides of the family continue to mourn his tragic loss. Glen’s uncle, Albert Evely, a retired Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) sergeant who lives in Fortune, says police officers take risks each time they hit the streets. “I was in the force 25 years. There were a few mishaps but nothing like this,” he said sadly. Glen Evely worked as a compliance and enforcement technician with the Okanagan Shuswap Forest District. While he enjoyed his job, “it was his ambition to be an RCMP officer and that was his volunteer work, one day a week,” said Albert Evely. “We’re all very much saddened by Glen’s unfortunate passing,” Mary Butt, an aunt, said from her home in Mount Pearl, Newfoundland. “It’s bad enough for a young person to die a natural death, but to be killed like this, it’s just terrible. He was such a lovely boy.”

Family left to mourn Lacasse has been spending time with

Blue Line Magazine 23 FEBRUARY 2005 Police and street youth Understanding for the better by Thomas M. Sidney Level one - the foundation Remember that all street youth previously As our society and communities transform had a home life. The majority were victimized from close knit friends and families into busy as children and often saw the street as a last urban centres, they become enmeshed in a resort way of escaping the pain. world of vulnerability, fear and violence, with Level two - the present drug dealers, prostitutes, gangs, violence and When a youth leaves home and enters the youth on the streets. street culture, they live in fear, alone and often More and more youth are fleeing their scared. They often see society as mean and homes and families, searching for freedom, unforgiving. Many people believe street youth independence and a life with no rules. They are ‘lazy bums.’ Comments like ‘get a job’ and descend upon concrete hotels, garbage can ‘you’re dirty,’ names such as ‘druggies’ and cafes and ‘employment’ as professional pan ‘loser’ and actions like laughing and looks of handlers. However, what if they’re fleeing heavy hitter when trying to engage an at-risk disgust can have a lasting emotional impact violence and neglect at home and looking for youth, power struggles and conflicts often on them and is added baggage. safety, a way to survive and an opportunity to result. Professionals working with street Level three - response break free? youth must set the standard and constantly This is the way a youth responds to the The majority of youth who find refuge on check for the ‘gym bag syndrome’ – baggage double baggage they carry from level one and city sidewalks often display past experiences like a fight with your spouse, financial is- two. Youth who feel alone and shunned by on their faces. They are cold, wet, tired, hun- sues, a reprimand from a superior or anything society, have no support system, were victim- gry and lonely, with their backs to the wall for else that directly impacts emotional behav- ized as children and haven’t sought or had suc- safety and trust levels ‘below low’ – and now, iour and attitudes, which influences perform- cess with therapeutic support or help often look here come the cops! ance and patience levels. Being aware of for ways to numb the pain – drugs or other self How do police mix protocol, a sense of your own issues and understanding yourself harming behaviour such as cutting. This often duty and obligation to citizens and business makes you better able to meet the needs of briefly limits or masks their personal pain, but owners and yet still get the kids off the streets? the people you come into contact with. the effect wears off. I’m sure most of you have tried talking to a • When an officer is dispatched to an occur- The superficial wounds heal but the deep youth panhandling or loitering by a store front. rence involving a street youth, the actual is- emotional scars are still there and continue to Did you have a calm, quiet, co-operative con- sue or reason for the call may be just the tip heavily impact the youth’s emotional well-be- versation with no physical contact? Not likely of the iceberg; the real issue or behavior is ing. They remember the freedom from pain but it’s possible if you educate yourself and under the surface. Getting to it requires a they experienced and begin engaging more fre- put your learning into action. Here are some good understanding of street youth, who al- quently in the harmful behaviour. things to keep in mind: ways have a reason for being on the streets. • Resist the urge to judge based on past experi- It may be maturity, or lack of it, or a desire Level four - trapped ences and stigmas society places on street to defy their parents and be confrontational. Once a youth becomes familiar with these youth. People tend to reflect on the negative Perhaps they may have been abused, ne- numbing behaviors, they will go to any length rather than positive and be reactive instead of glected or harmed emotionally. to obtain these tools to escape from pain and proactive, making it easy to expect rude talk. The Sidney Model of Understanding reality – crime, drug dealing, stealing and pros- • Don’t automatically put up your guard. Ex- (SMU) is designed to help understand the emo- titution, which is becoming the first choice for perience tells us that if someone acts like a tional breakdown of a street youth. many street youth. ‘Survival sex’ buys hous- ing, food, money and drugs and creates another issue – criminal behaviour, a third emotional hurdle/baggage to overcome. What can be done? Any one of these issues is hard enough for an adult to work through, even with a thera- pist. Consider what it must be like for a youth having to deal with all three issues, with no support system, while feeling worthless, hun- gry, tired and cold. Not to minimize the role and job of police or agree with the youth’s behavior, but it does make it easier to understand why their backs are against the wall. Keep this article in the back of your mind the next time you talk to a street youth. Be- hind the piercings and interesting fashion statements is a child – a teenager – a future. The manner in which you handle the conversation will determine the outcome of the situation. You never know when something you might say may impact their life. Tom Sidney, RSSW, is director of strategic development for Operation Go Home, a national non-profit organization that works with homeless youth. He’s an expert on street and high risk youth, teaches workshops and is a nationally recognized speaker on the interaction of street youth and police. He can be reached at [email protected] or visit www.operationgohome.ca for more information.

Blue Line Magazine 24 FEBRUARY 2005 Act helps protect Alberta’s first responders by Ryan Siegmund into contact with blood and saliva of suspects they’re apprehending. Suspects couldn’t be “Welcome to the world of AIDS,” the hit forced to give a blood sample and some were and run suspect said as he was loaded into the even savvy enough to use this to their advan- cruiser. Cst. Ray Mckenzie had just finished tage, notes Lukaszuk, offering to give a sam- struggling with him for more than two min- ple if a charge was dropped or reduced. utes, leaving his arm with cuts which had come “I found that unacceptable,” Lukaszuk into contact with the man’s blood. says. “I think our judicial duty as government It was New Year’s Eve, 2001 and there was is to protect our front line workers.” no back-up immediately available; when it fi- Proclaimed into law in October, the Al- nally arrived, an angry Mckenzie turned the berta Blood Samples Act covers all emer- suspect over to another officer and went to seek gency front-line workers and good Samari- medical attention. tans. It allows them to demand a blood sam- The doctor was able to convince the sus- ple when a bona fide transfer of bodily fluids pect to provide a blood sample, which con- has occurred and there is reasonable and prob- firmed he was indeed HIV positive – “that able grounds to believe the person may carry caused a huge amount of stress,” Mckenzie an infectious disease. recalls. The doctor put him on a three day cock- “Through my various (media) interviews tail, reassuring him by putting the threat into and newspaper articles, I found that the ma- perspective but also warning that the drugs jority of Albertans were appalled that this law he’d have to take would make him very sick. wasn’t in existence,” says Lukaszuk. Mckenzie became so ill that the scheduled \The law Getting this important legislation passed six week treatment had to be cut to four. “I Incidences like these are becoming more was a combined effort of hundreds of people, was so sick I couldn’t even get out of bed,” he common and prompted Alberta to become the particularly medical experts from the Edmon- says. “I can’t even imagine what it would be second province to draft a law requiring blood ton and Calgary police departments. Lukaszuk like for somebody who actually has the dis- samples to be taken in cases where emergency worked very closely with front line officers but ease – it was just terrible.” service workers may have been infected. also listened to critics. The suspect had been HIV positive for 10 Mckenzie’s traumatic experience was a valu- AIDS, libertarian and civil liberty groups years and had a high viral load, so it was a able source of information for legislators draft- argued that privacy is paramount. Lukaszuk stress-filled six months before doctors could ing the law. says it took about a year and a half to weigh assure him he didn’t have the disease. Edmonton MLA Thomas Lukaszuk, who all the issues and convince colleagues that “That was a long six months – it affected introduced the initial bill, says he worked very making the bill law was the right thing to do. my personal life like you wouldn’t believe,” closely with the Alberta Federation of Police The opposition initially opposed the legisla- he says. “I mean, it’s a fatal disease.” Associations, which told him police often come tion but in the end it was passed unanimously.

Blue Line Magazine 25 FEBRUARY 2005 In drafting the bill, Lukaszuk looked at the form a committee made up of representatives original version of the failed federal bill as well from the city’s police, fire and ambulance serv- as Ontario’s legislation; its only weakness, he ices to look at challenges and work to resolve says, is that it only covers victims of crime. issues Ontario was facing. “That, in my opinion, may subject the bill “It’s been a long haul to get it where we to a constitutional challenge,” he says. A suc- have it. I think it’s going to be very useful if cessful challenge would torpedo the entire law used properly and that’s the big concern eve- and Lukaszuk considered the issue too impor- rybody has – that it be used when there’s a tant to risk that. high risk of potential exposure,” says Paltzat. “Let’s say we actually catch in the act Paltzat is on call 24 hours a day, seven days someone raping somebody and the victim of a week; if an EPS officer is at risk of HIV from the rape wants a blood sample,” he explains. an exposure, she ensures they receive medical “Under the Ontario bill, you as a victim of treatment quickly, because they only have two crime have the right to demand a blood sam- hours to get antiviral medications before HIV ple from the perpetrator. The problem, how- can start replicating. ever, begins from the very presumption that “A lot of the smaller police agencies don’t even though we caught him, we saw him do- have a nurse on staff so by the time the needle ing it, in the eyes of the law he is innocent stick is done and someone reports it, realizing until proven guilty. of crime as a separate stand alone bill, but we they might be at risk – there could be two days “Technically speaking you are demanding do not want to mix them.” missing. That two day gap is huge when you a blood sample from someone who is not the Individual’s who don’t comply with the act look at infectious disease prevention – you guy – he only becomes the guy the moment can be fined up to $2,000 for a first offence and need it in two hours. The educational compo- you convict him.” up to $5,000 for subsequent offences. The act nent needs to go out to all agencies.” That process can take two or three years only comes into force when an individual If emergency workers don’t have someone and by that time, the blood sample is useless. refuses a sample and, upon conviction, a judge to call, Paltzat advises them to get to a medi- “If the person got AIDS from that victim, he may order them to comply. They are served with cal facility for assessment as soon as possible. or she would have died by then anyhow – that’s a warrant and a judge must deem the potential If a person refuses to give a blood sample, she the problem.” exposure appropriate for acquiring a sample. recommends taking them along because some- The Alberta bill doesn’t require charges to “Now they know they have two choices; times a doctor can talk them into doing it. be filed against a person or presumption of they can do it the nice way and provide a “If you are, say, a RCMP officer in a rural guilt. “We took out the criminality aspect of blood sample or they can do it the hard way area, do those facilities carry the drug treat- it,” Lukaszuk says. “It doesn’t matter if you and one will be obtained from them anyhow,” ment? That’s the biggest problem... do they are guilty, not guilty, victim, perpetrator – any Lukaszuk notes. know what to do, do they know how to assess person to whom a front line worker is exposed it? Probably not. Will there be a time lapse? to is subject to that. The procedure You bet.” “Perhaps someone – myself or some other Diane Paltzat, the Edmonton Police Serv- Some doctors may not want to use the medi- member of parliament – will introduce victims ice’s (EPS) occupational health nurse, helped cation because of concerns over a person’s age, liver condition, general health or the risk of side effects. The best case scenario is no risk, says Paltzat, so drugs don’t have to be used. Once she assesses the degree of risk, “we liaise with a doctor or an emergency ward and then we do referrals to infectious disease doctors to take it one step further. I also consult the family because you’ve got a wife or a husband at home who is concerned about potential risk.” It can take weeks to get a warrant and obtain a blood sample, says Paltzat, noting it was one of her concerns with the act. An officer needing a sample applies for a warrant and a judge approves it; the person is then taken to a medical facility to talk to a doctor, a lab tech takes the blood, the doctor gets the results and then decides whether to refer the officer to a specialist. The doctor is the only person who gets that information and dispenses it in a way that is confidential under the health act. “It can take a long time,” says Paltzat, “(and) that’s why there needs to be other things in place, like a nurse or a medical person to do the assessment when it happens, prompt treatment and education… of course you’ve got spouses who need employee and family assistance, because this is traumatic to a family. They think they are going to lose their husband or wife potentially... “I think there are a lot of things involved in terms of developing that program, however the blood samples act is just one more component.” Police have more difficulty than other first responders in acquiring blood samples because, more often than not, people interact with them for less than the best reasons, notes Paltzat.

Blue Line Magazine 26 FEBRUARY 2005 “We end up having the biggest struggle that virus, Val decided not to go on the cock- with people refusing or people using it as a tail, a decision that could only be made based weapon and threatening the officer. Spitting on the blood sample. This was an important blood is probably our biggest concern right decision for the Hoglund’s because they were now because I think we’ve only had two to considering starting a family and were con- three needle pokes per year, but we still have cerned the drug cocktail may hinder Val’s abil- people who intentionally share their blood... ity to have children. “(These people often) want us to bargain “I went through that hour that we did not away charges to give their blood – to me that’s have a sample of blood from my wife’s sus- not policing.” pect – that was a very long hour,” says Andrew. Paltzat says she knows people who con- “To have that security blanket, we won’t have tracted diseases because they didn’t receive to make a decision based on no information. prompt medical treatment after being poked We are going to get information as long as we with needles, bit or spat upon. She stresses the have the person that did the exposure.” importance of education, noting that first re- The wait was all the more difficult because sponders and other non-medical people didn’t the sooner the cocktail is taken, the better the used to know the risks. Paltzat advises police result. “There’re some life changing events agencies to have their members immunized for here in the next couple of hours,” Andrew re- Hep B, because the three diseases she worries calls thinking, “in which we have to make a about most are Hep B, C and HIV. decision and we are making a decision based Edmonton officers now assist bystanders on nothing – and that’s the importance of it who are exposed, says Paltzat. “They are ac- (the legislation).” tually taking their education and using it on Andrew doesn’t believe the bill impacts the street. They’re calling me to say ‘its not average citizens, who would volunteer a sam- me, but it’s a good Samaritan, what do I do ple to put an officer’s mind at ease. The peo- with him?’” ple he’s most concerned about are those who Many groups probably see the Alberta act consider police their enemies. as negative but Paltzat disagrees. “It’s put in “It’s another tool we have in order to com- place to give first responders peace of mind. plete our goal at work and still come home at Whether we get challenged on it, we’ll wait the end of the night... I would think we would and see. We’re looking at if they intentionally use it only once or twice in a year, but for those exposed the officer.” one or two people that have to utilize it, it makes a world of difference.” The victims Ryan Siegmund is a freelance writer and researcher work- Constables Andrew and Val Hoglund of the ing with Blue Line Magazine. You can contact Ryan at Edmonton Police Service are drained from an [email protected] exhausting lobbying campaign to allow mandatory blood samples. Val was exposed in Oc- tober 2000, an ordeal that shook both her and her husband. Chilliwack-Fraser Canyon MP Chuck Strahl, who headed the original federal blood samples bill, asked for their support in a federal lobbying campaign. Although that bill failed, the Hoglund’s gave a key speech to the justice committee in Ottawa, where they real- ized their cause would likely fare better at the provincial level. They became the ‘go to’ people, getting tens of thousands of emergency service personnel and citizens to sign petitions and play- ing a large part in getting the Alberta bill signed into law. The Hoglunds found it difficult to get across to people just how it felt to receive a call from a loved one saying ‘you know what – I was just exposed.’ Val was assisting transit security in making an arrest; when searching the man’s pock- ets, her finger was poked by an uncapped needle. The suspect had told her to “check for yourself” when she asked if he had weapons or anything sharp, and refused to say if he had any diseases. Frustrated, Val phoned Andrew at home. “I said you have to find out if that guy has anything, you need a blood sample from him,” Andrew recalls. Val went to the hospital to be assessed while the suspect was apprehended. Within two hours, after being promised food, the man showed up to give a blood sample; the results showed he didn’t have HIV but did carry Hepa- titis B. Since nothing can be done to combat

Blue Line Magazine 27 FEBRUARY 2005 Vancouver task force processes evidence in Picton case VANCOUVER — Of the nearly 100 police officers assigned to Vancouver’s Missing Women Task Force, approximately 10 are dedicated full time to disclosing evidence to the lawyers of alleged serial killer Robert Pickton, according to a task force spokeswoman. “It does complicate our lives,” said Van- couver police Sgt. Sheila Sullivan. “Just the sheer volume of material (means) you need dedicated staff dealing with it on an ongoing basis, so it does draw away from resources you could be putting into investigative avenues.” By law, the Crown and police must provide virtually all the evidence they have to the processed more than 100,000 swabs. But the charges. Sullivan stressed that finding the DNA accused’s lawyers. In the case of the missing timing is also complicated by the fact that, of a missing woman on the farm does not nec- women, that disclosure is taking place at the unlike in most criminal cases, the court case is essarily mean she has been murdered. With same time as the investigation. At a Dec. 20 taking place virtually simultaneously with the each new DNA sample that is found, said court hearing, B.C. Supreme Court Associate police investigation. Sullivan, investigators have to go back to the Chief Justice Patrick Dohm pleaded with the On Feb. 22, 2002 - less than three weeks case to investigate further. families of the missing women for understand- after police began their search of the accused’s Disclosing evidence in the missing women ing as he once again put off setting a trial date Port Coquitlam farm - Pickton was charged case is complex, said Sullivan, in part because for Pickton. with two counts of first degree murder. By that it takes officers away from investigating and But many family members have made it April, three more murder charges had been laid partly because disclosing some evidence too clear they do not understand why Pickton, who against him. early could hamper the ability of police to do was first arrested nearly three years ago, may Pickton is currently facing 15 first degree their work. not face trial until early 2006. Lawyers for both murder charges and the Crown has said it in- Ravi Hira, a senior Vancouver lawyer who the Crown and the defence have said the pri- tends to lay another seven - bringing the total has worked as both a prosecutor and a defence mary reason is the sheer volume of evidence to 22. However police say they have found the lawyer, said the reason the prosecution has to in this case. DNA of 30 women on Pickton’s farm - mean- disclose so much to the defence is due to a For example, police labs have already ing further investigation could yield even more 1991 Supreme Court ruling. “Before December 1991, there was infor- mal disclosure,” said Hira. “What would happen is the Crown would lay a charge (and) the defence would ask for particulars. They would get the Crown narrative and witness statements and then they would have to make applications (to the court) for more disclosure, and have to show why the disclosure was required.” But in its landmark Stinchcombe ruling, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that wasn’t good enough, that prosecutors had to hand over almost everything. Such a broad ruling means even information the Crown doesn’t plan to use to make its case - leads that didn’t pan out, information on other suspects - has to be disclosed so the accused can defend himself. While so much disclosure can lead to delays, Hira says, in some cases it can actually speed up proceedings - for example, by causing a defendant to plead guilty when he real- izes the strength of the case against him. At the Dec. 20 court hearing, no one was willing to predict exactly when Pickton’s trial may finally begin. And police say they can’t be much more specific about when they will be done analysing material from the Pickton farm. “It could take another year to get through everything if we were going to process everything, and those decisions will have to be made as time goes on,” said Sullivan.

Blue Line Magazine 28 FEBRUARY 2005 Roadside drug testing by Dr. Pierre Beaumier off and is reproducible. To be forensically defensible, findings have Canadian police agencies are increasingly to be confirmed in a lab, as the devices are having to decide whether to include drug test- susceptible to false positives. The lab extracts ing as part of their approach to dealing with the drug from the urine or saliva and obtains a substance abuse issues. ‘fingerprint’ of it on a GC/MS system, which The federal government is reviewing leg- are used to monitor Olympic athletes and have islation to decriminalize marijuana and will been part of forensic toxicology analysis for establish appropriate fines for possession more than 25 years. The samples are sealed and should Bill C16 pass. It will also consider pen- all movements, from collection to analysis, is alties for using the drug in areas where public done with proper continuity of evidence forms. safety may be compromised. Adulterants, discussed and sold on many Road safety will be at the forefront and web sites, can be added to samples to ‘beat’ a there will be regulatory changes to allow road- test, creating an issue with on-site testing de- side assessment for drug impairment based on vices. They’re most commonly used in urine specific observations. Should measurement of collection, which is done in private, rather than breath alcohol not support the impairment ob- with saliva tests, which are supervised. servation, an individual can be taken to the Private Canadian forensic laboratories ac- nearest police station for testing by a properly credited by DHHS/ DOT have developed sys- trained drug recognition expert (DRE). tems to deliver quality results in a very short A DRE will be extensively trained to rec- time. Suspects are either quickly cleared or, if ognize impairment caused by seven drug the test is positive, face a well documented labo- classes. Their conclusion will allow them to ratory process that has withstood years of legal lay charges and suspend drivers on the spot. scrutiny. Negative results are usually reported They will also be able to request biological in three to four hours from receipt by the lab – samples for lab testing to validate their obser- positives are delivered within 72 hours. vations. A major challenge these officers may Dr. Pierre Beaumier is president of Maxxam Analytics, face is that drug cocktails some individuals take an accredited drugs of abuse testing laboratory and has may make definitively identifying the specific more than 30 years experience supplying analytical serv- drugs which caused impairment very difficult. ices to industry and government. Blood would be the fluid of choice for prosecution, as it circulates the drug to the brain, however it must be drawn by licensed Some common drug test misconceptions: professionals. One possible alternative is sa- Inhaling second-hand marijuana smoke can cause you liva; many drugs are present in similar con- to test positive centrations in saliva and blood. Other drugs, People often blame positive tests on this; pas- such as cannabis, are in saliva from the boucle sively inhaling smoke can result in detectable levels cavity because of exposure to inhaled smoke. of THC metabolites (the primary pharmacological That doesn’t indicate blood levels but does es- component of marijuana). However, clinical studies have found it is highly unlikely that a non-smoking tablish recent smoking, which could confirm individual could inhale enough smoke to exceed the observed behavior, since the drug stays in sa- test cut-off levels. liva for only hours, not days. Prescription medications can make you test positive The last fluid available for testing is urine. The majority of day to day medications – antibiot- Again this could be an issue if there’s no pri- ics, antihistamines, anti-depressants, aspirin, insulin, vate area available for collection. Another etc. – don’t show up because the lab only tests for problem is that several fat-soluble drugs stay specific substances – marijuana, cocaine, opiates (e.g. in the system for extended periods and it could heroin) amphetamines (speed, some diet pills) and be argued that the drug detected didn’t influ- PCP. Impairment can occur from using benzodiazepines with alcohol and strong prescription ence the observed behavior. This is especially painkillers containing opiates will show up if they’re true for cannabis, which can be detected in a present at or above the cut-off level. user’s urine for several days or weeks, depend- Eating poppy seeds will make you test positive ing on their metabolic rate. The higher opiate cut-off levels make it highly The transportation industry, which has had unlikely that poppy seeds would cause a positive opi- a regulated random testing program for many ate result, even though they do contain opiates. How- years, requires a medical review officer (phy- ever, any time a sample has a morphine concentra- sician) to review laboratory data. They discuss tion at or above the cut-off level, a special test is done to confirm heroin use (6-AM). The synthetic opiates results with the individual to assess if the drug cannot come from poppy seeds and their presence detected came from legitimate sources, such cannot be caused by any food. as a prescription, and report their results to the company. There is no provision for this medi- Drugs stay in the body for months Opiates and amphetamines can be found in urine cal review in Bill C16. one to two days after use and cocaine up to four days after use. Occasional PCP use can be detected from Roadside application one to eight days and up to a month in chronic users. Reliable methods are being developed to Similarly, cannabis shows up from one or two days up obtain instant drug test results. There are on to seven days after occasional use and up to a month in site detection devices that can identify indi- a chronic user. Opiates in saliva are detectable for 24 vidual drugs or drug classes; one can test a hours while cannabis is only detectable for 12 hours. urine or saliva sample for cocaine, cannabis These are general guidelines only, as retention (THC), opiates (Morphine), PCP and ampheta- times differ among individuals. However, a positive test mines with a reasonable level of reliability. It indicates the drug was present in the body and may gives a reading based on a pre-established cut- have caused the individual’s observed impairment.

Blue Line Magazine 29 FEBRUARY 2005 Alcohol test during probation unconstitutional

by Mike Novakowski condition provides the appro- sonable grounds for believ- priate standards and safe- ing that a person has Police in British guards present in other statu- breached the Columbia now have to tory regimes for similar types condition…(references omit- rely on their own obser- of searches. In the absence of ted, para. 60) vations and other evi- such a regime, the offender dence rather than testing cannot be said to be “secure Another view apparatus when enforcing against unreasonable search Justice Hall took a differ- probation orders with ab- and seizure.” ent view. He agreed that the stention conditions. One of the missing safe- condition, as it stood, was un- In R. v. Shoker, 2004 guards in the probation con- constitutional because it BCCA 643, the accused dition is the requirement that the probation or didn’t require reasonable grounds that the pro- was convicted of break peace officer have reasonable and probable bationer had ingested alcohol or drugs before and enter to a dwelling house grounds for suspecting or believing that the a demand could be made. However, he argued with the intent to commit a sexual assault. He offender has breached the abstention condi- that if reasonable grounds were a requirement had entered the victim’s home, undressed and tion. If amending the condition to add that re- to a demand, the breath and urine tests would tried to climb into her bed but she called 911 quirement would cure the constitutional de- not be constitutionally defective. The blood and Shoker was subsequently arrested. fects, this Court could order that the condition test, on the other, would not be appropriate. His sentence included two years probation be amended in that manner. (para. 55-56) Justice Hall wrote: with several conditions, including to abstain However, simply amending the condition When considering whether the testing re- from possessing and consuming alcohol and so it would require reasonable grounds, in the quirements ordered by the sentencing judge non prescription narcotics and submit to a uri- court’s view, would not make it conform with ought to be found to meet constitutional require- nalysis, blood test or breathalyzer test, if asked s.8, since there would still be no safeguards to ments, it seems to me that the degree of intru- by a peace officer, to ensure compliance. govern how samples are collected or used. Al- siveness of the tests is a very relevant factor to Shoker appealed to the province’s top court though a probationer’s reasonable expectation consider. This order provides for three possi- arguing, among other grounds, that the condi- of privacy is reduced when they’ve been con- ble tests: a breath test, urinalysis and a blood tion was unreasonable under s.8 of the Char- victed of an offence and no longer enjoy the sample. In my view, having regard to the fact ter because a sample demand could be made presumption of innocence, s.8 nonetheless pro- that this appellant has been convicted and is on without reasonable grounds. tects this lower privacy interest, which extends probation, he has a somewhat lowered expec- In a 2:1 decision, the BC Court of Appeal to the taking of breath, urine or blood. Despite tation of interference by state agents…. agreed, holding the condition was unconstitu- the impact this ruling may have on enforcing The taking of a sample of the breath of an tional. Although s.732.1 of the Criminal Code non consumption orders, the majority left it to individual seems to me to not be in any way an allows a sentencing judge to require a proba- government to change the law: invasive procedure or an interference with bod- tioner to submit to tests of bodily substances, I am aware that striking down this com- ily integrity. The taking of a sample of urine for the condition was unreasonable and violated monly used condition may create difficulty in urinalysis is also not an invasive procedure, pro- s.8, because “there are no legislative or regu- the enforcement of abstention conditions in vided privacy is afforded for the taking of the latory standards or safeguards for the protec- probation orders. I consider that there is a gap sample. Many persons do this every day for tion of the (accused’s) privacy in the enforce- in the legislation that is the role of Parliament, medical health testing purposes and it in no way ment of the condition.” not the courts, to fill. Parliament may wish to interferes with bodily integrity… Justice Levine, authoring the majority enact appropriate standards and safeguards These two types of testing required by… judgment, wrote: for demanding bodily samples from offenders this probation order, if conditioned upon the In the absence of standards and safeguards on probation to help authorities determine requirement that such a test can only be de- for the protection of the liberty, privacy and whether such offenders are in compliance with manded upon reasonable and probable safety of the offender, the condition requiring conditions to abstain from the consumption of grounds, appear to me to pass constitutional the appellant to submit to a urinalysis, blood alcohol and drugs. muster. I do, however, consider that the re- test or breathalyzer test on demand has the In the absence of such provisions however, quirement for a blood test found in this condi- potential to be applied arbitrarily. Although probation officers and police officers must rely tion is constitutionally unacceptable. Blood ss. 732.1(c) and (h) may authorize the imposi- on other methods of enforcing conditions of testing is an invasive procedure – the skin of tion of such a condition, neither they nor the abstention, including testimony as to the rea- the subject is broken and a substance not normally excreted by the body under natural processes is obtained by an agent of the state. This sort of procedure is normally performed by someone trained in medical procedures and is done at a medical lab or the of- fices of a medical professional. Such a procedure seems to me very different in kind or ge- nus from the aforementioned breath and urine tests. (references omitted, paras. 76-77) In Hall’s view, a blood test procedure would require a detailed statutory regime that presently is not found in s.732.1 of the Criminal Code. The appeal was allowed and the accused’s probation condition amended so he doesn’t have to submit to testing as verification that he’s abstaining from intoxicants.

Go to www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the complete case.

Blue Line Magazine 30 FEBRUARY 2005 Alcohol odour justifies roadside demand Smelling liquor on a driver’s breath is able suspicion that there was alcohol in his ted. The court adopted the Ontario Court of enough to form a reasonable suspicion, justify- body, therefore there was no valid basis for Appeal’s view in R. v.Lindsay (1999), 134 ing a demand to submit to a roadside screening the roadside demand and no requirement he C.C.C. (3d) 159 (Ont.C.A.), ruling that the test, Saskatchewan’s highest court has ruled. comply. The Crown appealed to the Saskatch- smell of alcohol on a driver’s breath was In R. v. Butchko, 2004 SKCA 159, police ewan Court of Appeal, which decided unani- sufficient to reasonable suspect that they had stopped a vehicle with three occupants after mously to restore the conviction. alcohol in their body. Even though an ex- seeing it leave a liquor establishment, make a Section 254(2) of the Criminal Code al- planation for the odour may be offered, it U-turn, accelerate and fishtail. An officer lows police to make a roadside demand if does not detract from the officer’s reason- smelled alcohol coming from the vehicle, asked they reasonably suspect the driver has alco- able suspicion, the court found. the driver, Butchko, to step out and noted a hol in their body. The legal threshold — rea- strong alcohol smell on his breath. When asked, sonable suspicion — is low and doesn’t re- Go to www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the Butchko denied he had been drinking. He was quire a belief that a crime has been commit- complete case. read the roadside screening demand but refused to provide a sample and was charged. At his trial in Saskatchewan Provincial Court (2003 SKPC 76), Butchko submitted that the alcohol smell on his breath, by itself, was not enough to justify a reasonable suspicion that he had been drinking — and that the officer required additional objective indication of consumption. He filed expert evidence that a person’s breath may smell like alcohol without having it in their body, as they may have eliminated it while still having the chemical that caused the odour. In concluding that the odour was sufficient to provide the necessary level of suspicion, Provincial Court Justice Whelan stated: I accept that the officer genuinely pos- sessed the suspicion and believed it to be reasonable. An objective scrutiny requires that I find the officer’s suspicion was reasonable. I don’t believe that it requires that the officer’s evidence be scrutinized in light of all the evidence before the court. It’s sufficient to ask whether a reasonable person, standing in the officer’s shoes, with the officer’s knowledge, would have had a reasonable suspicion. Butchko was convicted but appealed to the Saskatchewan Court of Queen’s Bench (2004 SKQB 140), which acquitted him. Justice Klebuc ruled that the smell of alcohol on his breath wasn’t sufficient to provide a reason-

Blue Line Magazine 31 FEBRUARY 2005 Re-Charter unnecessary when A senior city police officer who helped prosecute a dozen people on false sexual abuse charges retired in December rather jeopardy understood than face a disciplinary hearing. A lawyer for Brian Dueck tendered the When an arrestee understands their jeop- peal arguing, in part, that police failed to ad- officer’s resignation to Saskatoon ardy, there’s no need to reiterate the right to vise him of his right to counsel when they police Chief Russ Sabo during a counsel before changing course in an investi- changed their questioning – which the accused closed-door meeting. The retirement gation, Ontario’s highest court has ruled. described as a “fundamental and discrete” means Dueck is no longer subject to the disciplinary provisions of the Saskatchewan Police In R. v. Jones, (2004) Docket:C34364 change – from the TD Bank robbery to the Act, the police service said in a written release. In De- (OntCA), Peel police arrested the accused and other robberies in the course of the videotaped cember 2003, Justice George Baynton found that advised him of his right to counsel. He told confession. The appeal court disagreed: Dueck helped maliciously prosecute Richard Klassen them he didn’t want to call a lawyer and was The (accused) was fully aware of his right and 11 members of the extended Klassen family in the again told he had a right to counsel before be- to counsel. He had been told of that right on early 1990s. Dueck was the lead investigator in the sex ing interviewed at the police station. four occasions and declined to speak with a law- abuse case, which resulted in numerous charges being laid based largely on the fabricated stores of three Toronto police officers investigating a TD yer. When he was reminded of his right to coun- foster children. Bank robbery interviewed Jones about three sel at the outset of the videotaped statement, he hours later. He was again told of his right to knew that the police were going to question him The Edmonton Police Service has dis- counsel under s.10(b) of the Charter, again re- about the Toronto-Dominion Bank robbery and missed an officer who went public with fused the offer and subsequently confessed to any other robberies that the (accused) was pre- claims the service had been infiltrated robbing the bank and, when asked, admitted pared to tell the police about. He understood by organized crime. Det. Ron the nature of his jeopardy. He knew that it would Robertson, who went public with his he had robbed others. complaints in 1998, was convicted of Jones agreed to provide a videotaped state- extend to any of the bank robberies that he chose 14 police offences in a closed disci- ment and was told he could discuss the other to tell the police about. The (accused) had suf- plinary hearing in December and imme- robberies then. He was reminded again at the ficient information to permit him to make an diately dismissed. A police hearing officer beginning of the statement that he could speak informed decision as to whether he wished to found Robertson guilty of two counts of breach of con- to a lawyer but declined. He made a full con- speak to a lawyer before talking to the police fidence, three counts of discreditable conduct, five fession to robbing the TD Bank and also ad- about the various robberies he had counts of deceit, three counts of neglect of duty and two counts of insubordination. In 1998, he and now- mitted to robbing several other specific banks committed…(para. 9) retired detective Ken Montgomery alleged police of- when questioned, identifying himself in sur- The statement had been properly admitted ficers who were in regular contact with criminals, in- veillance photographs taken during the robber- and the appeal was dismissed. cluding outlaw biker gangs, had compromised police ies. He was convicted by a jury in the Ontario operations. A lengthy internal investigation determined Superior Court of Justice on seven counts of Go to www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the com- some police or their friends had been in contact with robbery and other related offences. plete case. Mike Novakowski can be reached at criminals, but there was no proof they had broken the [email protected]. law. In 2000, Robertson was suspended with pay while Jones appealed to the Ontario Court of Ap- misconduct complaints against him were investigated. The following year, he was charged with 15 counts of misconduct. Robertson said he isn’t giving up and plans Constable awarded for Search & Rescue to appeal the ruling. Members of the Cape Breton Regional information exchange Municipality police service have voted OTTAWA - A previ- to switch unions. Vote counting was “This information completed in December at the Nova ously unrecognized Ca- has the power to save Scotia Labour Relations Board. One nadian hero, Hamilton lives not just in Canada, hundred and twenty-five of the one Police Constable Rick but also around the hundred and forty-one members of Rozoski, was an- world. Here is a won- the Cape Breton service who voted said nounced on Saturday derful example of the they wanted to join the Nova Scotia Government and January 8th from the leadership of just one General Employees Union. The 169-officer force originally cast their ballots on November 2nd on whether to steps of Parliament Hill person, just not making join the NSGEU. However, an intervention by the Po- as the winner of the To Canada better but the lice Association of Nova Scotia - the union the Cape The Top Canada Award. world we live in,” said Breton officers belonged to - delayed the count. Like police officers Chris Robertson, across Canada, he would founder of the To The Manitoba Justice Minister Gord Mackintosh is calling fight crime by day, but Top Canada Award. on Ottawa to do more to stop Win- nipeg’s stubbornly high auto theft by night on his time off One of the benefits rate. The city’s stolen auto rate is Rick has been a virtual of winning the Award is likely to jump 38 per cent from 2003. superhero working as that a $500.00 donation Figures indicate about 9,000 vehi- the founder and coordi- is made to a registered cles have been stolen in Winnipeg nator of the Interna- Canadian charity of the in 2004. That compares to 6,542 ve- tional Police Diver Symposium (IPDS) the larg- winner’s choice. In a heartbeat, Rick Rozoski hicles stolen in 2003 and 6,190 ve- est event in the world that brings police, fire hicles in 2002. The worst years were asked for his donation to be made to the Tsu- 2001 with 10,662 thefts and 2000 and recovery divers together for training and nami Relief Fund through the Canadian Red with 9,568. Mackintosh said he wrote to federal Trans- educational seminars. It is a massive event with Cross. As the winner of the 2005 To The Top port Minister Jean Lapierre to complain about Otta- people attending from across Canada, and Canada Award, Rick Rozoski also received a wa’s lack of action to make ignition immobilizers stand- around the world. unique plaque that is mounted on an actual tra- ard equipment on all new vehicles in Canada. Mackin- “The rescue divers now working in Asia ditional Huron snowshoe. tosh made the request almost three years ago. The in the region hit by the Tsunami might likely earliest Ottawa may act on the immobilizer plan is for Nominations for the To The Top Canada new cars coming off the line in 2008. An immobilizer have a single Canadian police officer to Award can be made by anyone at the web site arms itself automatically after the ignition is turned off. thank for creating an information exchange www.tothetopcanada.ca. The purpose of this The car can only start again with an encoded key. When of rescue diving best practices,” says Capt. award, is to celebrate a Canadian role model a thief tries to steal the car, the immobilizer cuts power (Ret.) Scott Fuller, a loyal attendee for the who through their personal sacrifice and pride to the starter, ignition and fuel supply. past 15 years. in Canada has made this nation a better place.

Blue Line Magazine 32 FEBRUARY 2005 The Hells Angels are using a billboard to the high ing. Moore says he has reviewed his sleep prob- send a message for Toronto residents. stakes. Van- lems with doctors and further appointments are The biker group put up a billboard near couver scheduled. Lawyers are now looking at whether the Don Valley Parkway that reads, “Still fight- creator Ivan an application for a mistrial will proceed or if a ing for democracy and freedom.” The Hells Solomon new judge will take over the sentencing. Angels say they’ve been maligned, victims of says a re- *** slanted media coverage and of willful police formed pot Crooks in B.C.’s Lower Mainland were and government abuse. dealer being rather courteous to their victims in De- The “motorcycle enthusiasts” have taken known only cember. A woman on an escalator in a Burnaby the initiative to show they’re freedom fight- as the “Rab- mall had her purse grabbed away from her, ers, not gangsters. Gang expert Yves Lavigne bit” came up with the idea in November 2004. police said. says 80 per cent of the group’s members have Players use cards and find out how easy it “At the speed of light, the woman turns criminal records. is to get ratted out by neighbours or go to jail. around, grabs her purse back and basically The public relations campaign is an attempt Solomon says even the police are joining in makes the physical gesture that she is going to to counter the possibility the group will be la- on the fun. Apparently, he says Vancouver po- slug this guy,” RCMP Cpl. Pierre Lemaitre was belled a criminal organization by a judge in lice bought one as a door prize for their Christ- quoted as saying. Barrie, Ontario where two alleged Hells An- mas party. The game sells for about $40 on the “He says: ‘I’m sorry, I’m sorry’ and turns gels are on trial. Board Corp’s website. The Crown wants to establish the group is around and flees. As he tried to flee, he is now *** a criminal organization before trying to prove going down the up escalator - he wasn’t going An Alberta judge has admitted in court that the accused committed a crime for it. A note far very quickly.” The culprit managed to make he fell asleep during a sentencing hearing in on the Hells Angels website says more bill- a getaway. December. Court of Queen’s Bench Justice John boards may follow. In another incident, a robber entered a store Moore publicly apologized to the lawyers in- and demanded money from the clerk. An un- *** volved and to a convicted Calgary drug dealer. disclosed amount of cash was handed over A new board game lets players run their Moore says he fell asleep during testimony before the bandit turned around and thanked own marijuana grow-op. It’s called The Grow- by the accused on December 1st but there’s no both employees and fled on foot westbound Op Game. way of knowing how long he may have been along Kingsway. Creators call it an educational board game out. The defence lawyer has said that when he “At least we have polite robbers and purse that highlights the perils involved in the pot stopped asking questions and the accused snatchers here in Burnaby,” Lemaitre was business and cautions would-be growers about stopped testifying, he could hear the judge snor- quoted as saying.

Blue Line Magazine 33 FEBRUARY 2005 Five weeks after his police cruiser was Retired Mountie a real fighter rammed by a stolen truck, a Vernon RCMP officer came out of his coma. Al Chapman is a cancer sur- tion but doesn’t give up easily RCMP Inspector Randy Kolibaba and feels others shouldn’t either. says Constable Frank Grenier was vivor and no stranger to the dis- conscious on Dec. 21. Doctors weren’t ease. “I suggest we all must rec- able to say at time of publication if the “I was first diagnosed in ognize we cannot change to- officer will make a full recovery. Grenier received a se- 1987 with renal cell carcinoma morrow,” he says. “What will vere brain injury in the same accident that killed auxil- – kidney cancer,” he says. “I un- be, will be. My own personal iary officer Glen Evely. Police say a stolen truck ran a derwent two operations. The philosophy is that I place my red light and slammed into the police cruiser. Kolibaba says the outpouring of community support has been an first, to remove a malignant tu- trust in the professionals, my incredible help to the families involved in the last month’s mour found on one of my ribs faith in God and am determined crash. The 24-year old man accused in the crash, and then a second to remove my to fight. I encourage any cancer Michael O’Brien, was picked up in December on a left kidney, where the primary patient to do the same. What Canada-wide arrest warrant in Calgary after being acci- tumour was located.” more can we do?” dentally released from the Kamloops regional correc- The 29-year veteran of the Chapman is quick to pay tional centre. RCMP and former chief of pro- tribute to his wife and family for The head of an elite organized crime and terrorism tection services for the National standing by him during his long investigators team announced will retire in April. RCMP Chief Superintend- Art Gallery of Canada and the National Mu- fight against cancer. ent Ben Soave, 57, said it’s time to seum of Science and Technology was told that, “They have been so important to me in this plan for a successor to take com- other than the surgical removal of his tumours, battle, as their love, courage and understand- mand of the Combined Forces Spe- there was no treatment for his type of cancer. ing know no bounds,” he says. “Their encour- cial Enforcement Unit - which offic- “After the operations, it became a waiting agement gives me the strength and inspiration ers from the RCMP, Ontario Provin- cial Police and four Greater Toronto game to determine if they were successful,” to fight on. I have thought about the impact my Area forces work alongside immigra- he says. “That was in 1988 and, in my opin- cancer has had on my family and truly believe tion, customs and intelligence agents. Organized crime ion, proves that the diagnosis of cancer does it has been much harder on them than on me. probes by Soave’s team have led to dozens of ar- not mean giving up.” “Sure, I have gone through the medical rests in recent years. One of those probes, into possi- Chapman retired from the museum in aspect and operations and live with it on a daily ble mob links to illegal gambling, resulted this year in basis, but the manner in which they face the criminal charges against four Toronto police officers 1993. In addition to fighting his own cancer, and Police Services Act charges against four more. he has volunteered with the Canadian Cancer reality of this disease and the uncertainty of Society for many years. the future makes me very proud of them. Waterloo Regional Police will continue to ticket bad drivers despite a shortage of justices “My original reason for volunteering was “I think we all would agree that the diag- of the peace, says chief Larry Gravill. to offer help to those who were diagnosed and nosis of cancer can come as a devastating blow In December, provincial police warned let them know that having cancer is not an end and triggers a range of emotions that are felt it may pull officers off the road who of something, but the beginning of a fight to not only by the person involved, but also by target the worst traffic offenders on beat this disease,” he says. “All of us may ap- family members and friends,” says Chapman. area highways if the region doesn’t get “As a volunteer, I tried to give (patients) more justices of the peace. Waterloo’s proach the fight against cancer in different police board agreed later that month ways. The cancer patient must fight with a de- reassurance and support to know how impor- to send a strongly worded letter to Attorney General termination to beat the disease.” tant it is for them to continue living their lives Michael Bryant, asking that the province quickly ap- He says some choose to fight by volun- as close to normal as possible.” This may not point more justices of the peace. From December unteering with the society, participating in be easy, he admits, but there is a lot of support til April, there will only be 14 provincial offences court fundraising events or helping provide the ar- available. He encourages people to contact the dates in Cambridge and 14 in Kitchener. That’s fewer than four court days a month in each city. ray of services offered by the society. society for free information and help. “All aspects are very important,” says “The CCS is made up of volunteers whom Alberta’s highest court dismissed the appeal of a nine- I found to be kind, considerate and compas- month jail term given to a man who vio- Chapman. “Without the volunteer, there would lated a lengthy driving ban that was im- be no Canadian Cancer Society, no way of rais- sionate individuals who worked so diligently posed after he struck and killed a po- ing funds for the research so desperately for the benefit of others,” he says. lice officer in 1993. A three-member Al- needed and no way to conduct the programs “I suggest we should all remember that vol- berta Court of Appeal panel unani- and provide the services the society offers.” unteering is a way of giving and I believe those mously upheld the sentence imposed About eight years after his original diag- who volunteer are giving a most precious gift – by provincial court Judge Heather Lamoueaux on July 26 after Andrew nosis, nodules appeared on Chapman’s pan- themselves,” says Chapman. “I remain motivated Yazlovasky pleaded guilty to driving while disqualified. creas and then one on his adrenal gland. “Two to be a volunteer with the Canadian Cancer So- Yazlovasky, now 28, was convicted of criminal negli- tumours next showed up on my right kidney ciety because of all the fine people I have met gence causing death after he killed Const. Richard and, subsequent to this, five tumours have ap- and because I consider myself very fortunate in Sonnenberg as he tried to lay a spike belt on a city peared on my spinal column,” he says. “All surviving my cancer for as long as I have. I want highway to stop a stolen car Yazlovasky was driving. He received a six-year jail term and a 15-year driving this has meant many operations. The last one to give something back for as long as I can and ban for the conviction. On top of the nine-month term, left me unable to walk and I now spend my hope my volunteering can make a difference.” Lamoureux added another month for a shoplifting charge days in a wheelchair.” This article first appeared on volunteer.ca. and an extra year to his driving prohibition - neither of Chapman is philosophical about his situa- which was appealed. James Cornish has officially started his duties as director of Ontario’s Special Investiga- tions Unit. Attorney General Michael Bryant announced in December that Cornish has been appointed to the post full time. Cornish had been interim director of the SIU since April 26th. Bryant says he brings expertise and professionalism to the challenging position. The SIU is the civilian agency that investigates deaths or serious accidents involving police in Ontario. Cornish has more than 20 years of legal experience.

Blue Line Magazine 34 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 35 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 36 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 37 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 38 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 39 FEBRUARY 2005 CATEGORY INDEX Access Control Computer - Accessories Hazardous Material Handling Security - Penal Institutions Accident Reconstruction Computer - Dispatching Bomb Disposal Security - Perimeter Computer - Software Communications - Base Stations Eye, Ear & Skin Protection Photography Accreditation Computer - Forensics General Police Supply Video - Mobile & Surveillance Addiction Treatment Computer - Hardware Gloves Security - Training Alarm Devices Computer - Laptops Hazmat Equipment Sirens & Emergency Lighting Security Computer - Records Management Helicopters & Equipment General Police Supply Holsters & Accessories Alcohol Detection Devices Computer - Software Vehicles - Accessories General Police Supply Ammunition Computer - Storage Devices Surveillance Weapons - Accessories Architecture & Engineering Computer - Training Binoculars & Telescopes HR Consulting & Support Police Facilities Conflict Resolution Cameras Inert Explosive Devices CCTV, Film Armoured Car Service Cooling Vests Investigative Support Services Security - Perimeter Asset Tracking Counterfeit & Detections/Fraud Forensic Aids & Investigations Video - Mobile Associations Crime Scene Reconstruction Jewelry Switches and Control Systems Audio/Video Aids Data Collection Legal Services Systems Integration & Support Training Aids & Books Data Mining, Data Recovery License Plate Recognition Tactical Team Equipment Automated Finger Printing Defensive Tactics Training Lights - Portable Body Armour Forensic Services Schools & Institutions Loading & Unloading Stations Awards, Badges, Pins General Police Supply Defibrillators Marine Electronics Telemetry Equipment Jewelry Digital Video Marine - Inflatable Boots Pens Telescoping Masts & Antenna Cameras Memo Books Thermal Imaging Batons Motorcycles & Supplies Display Trailers Ticket Holders Weapons - Non-lethal Vehicles - Off Road Distance Education Training Aids & Services Bicycles & Supplies Narcotics Equipment & Drug Tests DNA Testing Services Audio & Video Aids Binoculars & Telescopes Forensic Services & Equipment Dog Training & Supplies Publishers, Books, Printing Night Vision Equipment Night Vision Equipment E-Services Trauma Scene Cleaning Surveillance Cameras Emblems & Decals Uniforms & Accessories Body Armour Office Equipment & Supply Awards, Badges & Pins Clothing & Outerwear Tactical Team Equipment Paging Vehicle & Accessories Emblems Bomb Disposal Pens EMS Software General Police Supply Hazardous Material Handling Photo Identification Evidence/Exhibit Storage Holsters Hazmat Equipment Photography Evidence Notebooks Vacations Boots, Shoes & Footwear Cameras Memo Books Vehicle Tracking Equipment Footwear CCTV, Film Exercise Equipment & Clothing GP Systems & Mapping General Police Supply Forensic Services & Equip- Eye, Ear & Skin Protection ment Vehicles - Accessories Breathing Apparatus Fleet Graphics Bullet Traps Gloves Video Surveillance Hazardous Material Handling Promotional Items Vehicles - Off Road Cameras Helicopters Photography Range Supplies Awards, Badges, Pins Jewelry Motorcycles Security - Perimeter Control Firearms - Simulation Training Video - Training Pens Vehicles - Restoration Surveillance Vehicles - Specialty Firearms - Training Publishers, Books, Printing Video - Mobile & Surveillance Vessels - Accessories Fleet Graphics Training Aids & Services Cases, Duty Bags, Storage Video - Mobile & Surveillance Vehicles - Accessories Radar & Speed Equipment General Police Supply Security - Perimeter Forensic Aids & Investigations Range Supplies CCTV, Film Photography Investigative Support Services Ammunition Cigars & Accessories General Police Supply Video - Training Forensic Services & Equipment Clothing & Outerwear Real Estate, Relocation VIP Protection Form Holders General Police Supply Recruitment & Selection Voice Logging Systems General Police Supply Uniforms & Accessories Restraining Devices Weapons - Accessories Collision Reporting Centres GP Systems & Mapping Riflescopes Weapons - Maintenance Communications - Base Stations Vehicle Tracking Equipment Robots Weapons - Non-Lethal Computer - Dispatching Gloves Safety & Rescue Equipment Batons Telecommunications Hazardous Material Handling Hazardous Material Handling Firearms - Simulation Training Communications - Consultant General Police Supply Schools & Institutions Weapons - Security Communications - Hand Held Graffiti Eradication Defensive Tactics Training Weapons - Training Communications - Mobile Hats & Head Protection Security - Identification Wireless Communications

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Inuktun Services Ltd Integral Designs Symbol Technologies Canada, ULC. Kolder Canada M.D. Charlton Co Ltd TechAlt, Inc. Armet Armored Vehicles Canada Inc. Micro Video Products Martin & Levesque / Blauer Canada Telex Communications Inc. Dupont Canada Search Systems Inc Mawashi Protective Clothing Inc. Time Domain C-I-L/Orion Sonitrol Security Systems Med-Eng Systems Tripod Data Systems HighCom Security Inc TMS Technologies Ltd. Murray Randolph Mfg. Co. Westcan Wireless Instrument Technology Inc TOA Canada Corporation Nine One One Outerwear xwave

Blue Line Magazine 42 FEBRUARY 2005 PRODUCT LISTING Communications - Imagis Technologies Inc. Mobile VoiceGate Corporation Cpal Crime Prevention Analysis Lab Inc InTime Solutions Inc Admit Computer Services, Inc. xwave Crimestar Corporation Institute of Police Technology & Management Bell Mobility Business Solutions Deister Electronics, Inc. Kinetic Solutions, LLC Digital Descriptor Systems, Inc Labcal Dataradio Inc Computer - Forensics Epic Data Epic Data Mapping Solutions Inc BAJAI Inc Motorola Homeland Security Technology Corp British Columbia Institute of Technology JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. NCI Cognitech Inc. New World Systems Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc Recovery Force Inc. LECOR Technologies, LLC Ortivus North America Signalscape, Inc. PPM 2000 Inc. Link Communications Inc Xanalys M/A-COM Prairie Geomatics Ltd Midland Radio Corporation Radio IP Software Inc Motorola Computer - Hardware Formdocs LLC Road Safety Network New World Systems Ascendent Technology Group Inc. Huber & Associates, Inc. SAGEM Morpho Inc PageNet Canada Inc. Huber & Associates, Inc. Motorola Secure Technologies International Inc. Radio IP Software Inc Itronix Corporation New World Systems Signalscape, Inc. Northrop Grumman RediAlert JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Supergravity Incorporated Ortivus North America Route 1 Inc. Mapping Solutions Inc Syscon Justice Systems Positron Public Safety Systems The PERCS Index Inc Sierra Wireless NCI Versaterm Inc V Solutions Symbol Technologies Canada, ULC. Northrop Grumman ViaStat Canada ViaStat Canada Tactical Command Industries Inc. Secure Technologies International Inc. Xanalys Viisage TechAlt, Inc. Stewart Products, Inc, ZyLAB North America Voice Print International Telex Communications Inc. Symbol Technologies Canada, ULC. Xanalys Tripod Data Systems The PERCS Index Inc ZyLAB North America Versaterm Inc Voice Print International Computer - Software Westcan Wireless Accident Support Services Int’l i2 Inc xwave Admit Computer Services, Inc. xwave Computer - Laptops BAJAI Inc DATA911 Systems Canada Law Book Inc Computer - Storage Computer - Accessories Dolch Computer Systems Canada Celayix Inc. Copeland Engineering, LLC Devices Itronix Corporation Civica Software Corporate Security Supply Ltd Goldrich Security Cabinets JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Competitive Edge Software, Inc. Itronix Corporation Mercom Systems Jotto Desk Copeland Engineering, LLC Jotto Desk NCI Corona Solutions Stewart Products, Inc, Mapping Solutions Inc Secure Technologies International Inc. Cpal Crime Prevention Analysis Lab Inc Voice Print International Crimestar Corporation Computer - Dispatching CritiCall Admit Computer Services, Inc. DATA911 Systems Computer - Training Corona Solutions DCC (Dialogic Communications Corporation) Alpha Group Analysis Training Crimestar Corporation DMTI Spatial Athabasca University CritiCall Deccan International eConcordia.com Inc DMTI Spatial Route 1 Inc. Digital Descriptor Systems, Inc Huber & Associates, Inc. Dataradio Inc Secure Technologies International Inc. Diogenes Company John E. Reid and Associates, Inc FDM Software Ltd. Stewart Products, Inc, E Team, Inc. Lethbridge Community College Huber & Associates, Inc. TMS Technologies Ltd. EDP Software Seneca College Motorola EmerGeo Solutions Inc. The Backup Training Corporation New World Systems Epic Data ViaStat Canada Northrop Grumman Computer - Records FDM Software Ltd. Westervelt College Ortivus North America Management Fischer Consulting Inc PPM 2000 Inc. Accident Support Services Int’l Formdocs LLC Conflict Resolution Positron Public Safety Systems Admit Computer Services, Inc. HRSG (Human Resource Systems Group) Conrad Grebel University College Versaterm Inc Competitive Edge Software, Inc. Huber & Associates, Inc. Royal Roads University

Blue Line Magazine 43 FEBRUARY 2005 PRODUCT LISTING Cooling Vests Evidence Notebooks Bullard Lethbridge Community College Dog Training & Supplies Triform Business Systems Limited CoolCop - Body Armor Air Conditioning M.D. Charlton Co Ltd Baden K-9 Southern ON Law Enf’t Training Assoc. Case-Tech Empire Shirt Ltd Exercise Equipment & Mawashi Protective Clothing Inc. The Shooting Edge Hi-Tec Intervention Inc. Idaho Instrument Clothing Counterfeit & bigLeague Marketing Detections / Fraud Defibrillators Jim Korth Agencies K9 Storm Inc. Elbeco Incorporated American Innovations, Inc. Fisher Safety McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Int’l Empire Shirt Ltd SecuriSource Inc Medtronic Emergency Response PolyBrite International Inc Head to Toe Outfitters Xanalys North Safety Products Securesearch, Inc ZyLAB North America Zoll Canada Eye, Ear & Skin Digital Video E-Services Protection Crime Scene Career Investigation Security Search Apollo Video Technology Allsafe Services and Materials PureEdge Solutions Reconstruction Ascendent Technology Group Inc. Cuff Cleaner Inc. The Backup Training Corporation A1 Crime Specialists Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. Gentex Corporation Think-Digital KCS Kidd Cleaning Services DATA911 Systems Mine Safety Appliances Laser Atlanta LLC Decatur Electronics, Inc. Peltor Communications Emblems & Decals Northwestern U’ty for Public Safety EMX Inc. Safety Express Ltd. Impact Imprints Extreme Surveillance The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co Labelnet, Inc. GE Infrastructure, Security Viking Police & Security Co Data Collection Mr. Pin Man Inc. Competitive Edge Software, Inc. GE Infrastructure-Commercial Solutions Our Designs, Inc E Team, Inc. Giga-Tron Associates Limited Polar Pin Firearms - Simulation Epic Data Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital Stokes International Training Formdocs LLC JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. William Scully Ltd. 3M Canada Company IRD (International Road Dynamics) Inc. Kinwood Audio Visual Inc. Advanced Interactive Systems Micro Video Products Mercom Systems EMS Software CAPS Inc. NICE Systems Inc. Recovery Force Inc. Deccan International FATS Canada PI Vision Road Safety Network E Team, Inc. Laser Shot Shooting Simulations Security Products International, Inc. Tripod Data Systems EmerGeo Solutions Inc. Signalscape, Inc. ViaStat Canada FDM Software Ltd. Sonitrol Security Systems Voice Print International Formdocs LLC TechAlt, Inc. Globe Risk International Westcan Wireless Vostek Electronics Xanalys New World Systems White Pine Productions Ortivus North America ZyLAB North America VoiceGate Corporation Display Trailers The Shooting Edge Data Mining, Data Decatur Electronics, Inc. Evidence/Exhibit Recovery RediAlert Storage Firearms - Training White Pine Productions Accident Support Services Int’l Adanac Security & Specialty Services Advanced Interactive Systems BAJAI Inc Crime Sciences Inc. Alasdair Cook & Associates Corona Solutions Distance Education Deister Electronics, Inc. Dalhousie University CAPS Inc. Deccan International Goldrich Security Cabinets Canadian Tactical Northrop Grumman Royal Roads University Int’l Association for Property & Evidence The Backup Training Corporation Crimson Trace Corporation Recovery Force Inc. Identification Technologies University of Guelph-Humber ZyLAB North America KCS Kidd Cleaning Services University of Guelph NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. Phoenix Bio-Tech Corp Defensive Tactics DNA Testing Services TEAM-1 Emergency Services Training A1 Crime Specialists The PERCS Index Inc Alasdair Cook & Associates Maxxam Analytics Inc Tri-Tech Inc. ITTA - Int’l Tactical Training Academy Molecular World Inc. Tufloc

Blue Line Magazine 44 FEBRUARY 2005 PRODUCT LISTING FATS Canada TurtleSkin Gloves by Warwick Mills Heckler & Koch Inc. General Police Supply Viking Police & Security Co Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement ITTA - International Tactical Training Academy 911 Supply Wintron Technologies Valley Associates Inc. Laser Shot Shooting Simulations 911 Unity MilCun Marksmanship Complex ALTAMA Footwear Global Positioning Graffiti Eradication National Firearms Association Alerte Systems International, Ltd. Systems / Mapping 21st Century Coatings Otis Products Inc Atlantic Police & Security Supply ATS Asset Tracking Services Inc. 3M Canada Company Police Ordnance Company Inc. Atlantic Signal LLC Accident Support Services Int’l Artcal Graphics & Screen Printing Inc. Porta Target bigLeague Marketing American Innovations, Inc. D. Vandenheede Enterprises Ltd. Savage Range Systems, Inc. BOA Handuff Company Corona Solutions Goodbye Graffiti Southern ON Law Enf’t Training Assoc. Cuff Cleaner Inc. Cpal Crime Prevention Analysis Lab Inc Q-Star Technology (Canada) DCC (Dialogic Communications Corporation) The Shooting Edge Glen Enforcement Accessories (GEA) Hats & Head Protection Gordon Contract DMTI Spatial Dataradio Inc Allsafe Services and Materials Head to Toe Outfitters Bullard Fleet Graphics Kinwood Audio Visual Inc. Deccan International Homeland Security Technology Corp Gentex Corporation Artcal Graphics & Screen Printing Inc. LECOR Technologies, LLC Helmet House NavLynx Technologies Inc. LSH Lights Kinetic Solutions, LLC Maritime Services Levitt-Safety Limited Think-Digital Law Enforcement Training & Supplies Ltd. NavLynx Technologies Inc. Med-Eng Systems LifeBarrier Ortivus North America Mine Safety Appliances Positron Public Safety Systems North Safety Products Forensic Aids & PVP Communications Inc. Investigations Stokes International A1 Crime Specialists Super Seer Corporation B H Harris Consulting The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co BAJAI Inc Valley Associates Inc. Cognitech Inc. William Scully Ltd. John E. Reid and Associates, Inc LECOR Technologies, LLC Hazardous Material Sierra Wireless Lynn Peavey Company Handling Tripod Data Systems Phoenix Bio-Tech Corp Fisher Safety Versaterm Inc Tri-Tech Inc. KCS Kidd Cleaning Services Levitt-Safety Limited Gloves LifeBarrier 911 Supply Forensic Services & MilArm Co Ltd Phoenix Bio-Tech Corp Best Glove NELMAR Security Packaging Systems Inc. Potomac Protection Products Equipment BlackHawk Products Group British Columbia Institute of Technology NatPat Ltd Safedesign Apparel Ltd Ferno Canada TEAM-1 Emergency Services Carruthers Shaw and Partners Ltd, New Eagle International Kolder Canada Cognitech Inc. O. P. S. Inc. Law Enforcement Training & Supplies Ltd. Hazmat Equipment R. Nicholls Distributors Crime Sciences Inc. Levitt-Safety Limited 3M Canada Company Fitxco SEALS Action Gear MAE International Inc. Allen-Vanguard Lynn Peavey Company Martin & Levesque / Blauer Canada Bright Star Lighting Products Maxxam Analytics Inc Mawashi Protective Clothing Inc. Communications-Applied Technology Molecular World Inc. MilArm Co Ltd Ferno Canada Nelson Wong Architect Inc NatPat Ltd Inland Liferafts & Marine Limited Overwatch Consulting Inc. North Safety Products Levitt-Safety Limited Phoenix Bio-Tech Corp Phoenix Bio-Tech Corp LifeBarrier Savage Range Systems, Inc. PoliceFireAmbulance.com Mine Safety Appliances Smiths Detection Sierra Wireless Rothco NABCO Inc. Tri-Tech Inc. Specter Gear, Inc. Safedesign Apparel Ltd Overwatch Consulting Inc. Super Seer Corporation Safety Express Ltd. Safety Express Ltd. TMS Technologies Ltd. Secure Distributions Ltd Search Systems Inc Form Holders Turboflare Canada Inc Stokes International Smiths Detection NatPat Ltd Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co TEAM-1 Emergency Services

Blue Line Magazine 45 FEBRUARY 2005 PRODUCT LISTING Helicopters & Photography Equipment License Plate Copeland Engineering, LLC Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital Bell Helicopter Recognition Deeley Harley-Davidson Canada Kindermann Canada Inc. Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. (BMS) Helmet House White Pine Productions Dolch Computer Systems Canada LSH Lights Enstrom Helicopter Corp. NoFlat Tire Sealant Ltd Promotional Items Groen Brothers Aviation Inc PVP Communications Inc. Adanac Security & Specialty Services K9 Storm Inc. Stewart Products, Inc, Domtex Marketing Inc Schweizer Aircraft Corporation ThunderWorks Mobile Engineering Impact Imprints Turboflare Canada Inc Lees Motivation Canada Narcotics Equipment Mr. Pin Man Inc. Zaviation Inc. Lights - Portable Drug Tests Pack-A-Cone: Mindspace Inc 911 Supply Crime Sciences Inc. Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) Alerte Systems International, Ltd. Holsters & Accessories davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) Inc. Bright Star Lighting Products A.J. Brooks Inc. Draeger Canada Ltd. Publishers, Books, Current Corporation Bianchi International LECOR Technologies, LLC Printing Footprints International BlackHawk Products Group Lynn Peavey Company Kolder Canada Case-Tech Maxxam Analytics Inc LSH Lights Domtex Marketing Inc Mistral Security, Inc Lightning Equipment Sales Inc. MilArm Co Ltd Smiths Detection MAE International Inc. O. P. S. Inc. TEAM-1 Emergency Services MAR-VEL International Inc. PoliceFireAmbulance.com Tri-Tech Inc. Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) Rogue Modular Combat Systems Inc. PolyBrite International Inc Rothco Night Vision Equipment Canada Law Book Inc RediAlert Specter Gear, Inc. American Innovations, Inc. Institute of Police Technology & Mgmt Secure Distributions Ltd Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. Bock Optronics Kwantlen University College SureFire, LLC Taper International, Inc Bullard LexisNexis Canada Tektite Industries, Inc. Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement Current Corporation MilCun Marksmanship Complex Torfino Enterprises Inc Wolverine Supplies EMX Inc. National Firearms Association UK Products Canada Inc Zaviation Inc. First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc Northwestern U’ty for Public Safety Unity Manufacturing Company General Starlight Co., Inc. Thomson Nelson Wintron Technologies ITT Industries Night Vision HR Consulting & Support Zaviation Inc. Kindermann Canada Inc. Radar & Speed Career Investigation Security Search MAR-VEL International Inc. Equipment CritiCall Loading & Unloading Maritime Services davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) Inc. HRSG (Human Resource Systems Group) Stations Newcon Optik Decatur Electronics, Inc. O. P. S. Inc. PoliceFireAmbulance.com Inert Explosive Devices Pacific Safety Products Inc. SureFire, LLC C-I-L/Orion Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. Securesearch, Inc Marine Electronics Tektite Industries, Inc. Atlantic Signal LLC Valley Associates Inc. Daniels Electronics Ltd Wintron Technologies Investigative Support Dolch Computer Systems Canada Services Footprints International Office Equipment & IRD (International Road Dynamics) Inc. A1 Crime Specialists Identification Technologies Supply Laser Atlanta LLC Alasdair Cook & Associates Maritime Services Adanac Security & Specialty Services Mega Technical Holdings Ltd Alpha Group Analysis Training Mercury Marine Bell Mobility Business Solutions Newcon Optik Corona Solutions Midland Radio Corporation Bramic Creative Business Products Ltd PB Electronics Cpal Crime Prevention Analysis Lab Inc Prairie Geomatics Ltd FLIR Systems Diogenes Company Kinwood Audio Visual Inc. Range Supplies Maxxam Analytics Inc Marine - Rigid Hull Spacesaver Corporation CAPS Inc. Carruthers Shaw and Partners Ltd, Molecular World Inc. Inflatable Boats Paging Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales Inland Liferafts & Marine Limited Daniels Electronics Ltd Porta Target Mercury Marine Jewellery Savage Range Systems, Inc. 911 Unity Blue Line Rings Memo Books Real Estate, Relocation Lees Motivation Canada Niagara Vacation Homes Mr. Pin Man Inc. Our Designs, Inc Recruitment & Selection Pens Career Investigation Security Search Canada Impact Imprints CritiCall Lees Motivation Canada HRSG (Human Resource Systems Group) Motorcycles & Supplies Matte Industries John E. Reid and Associates, Inc 911 Pro inc Kwantlen University College Photo Identification William Scully Ltd. Digital Descriptor Systems, Inc Restraining Devices GE Infrastructure-Enterprise Solutions BOA Handuff Company Legal Services Imagis Technologies Inc. Delmas Manufacturing Ltd. CritiCall Viisage Discount Handcuff Warehouse National Firearms Association Zebra Card Printer Solutions Peerless Handcuff Company

Blue Line Magazine 46 FEBRUARY 2005 PRODUCT LISTING Secure Distributions Ltd SAGEM Morpho Inc Taper International, Inc Instrument Technology Inc Schools / Institutions Sherlock Anti-theft Marking Inc K9 Storm Inc. Athabasca University Viisage Riflescopes LSH Lights British Columbia Institute of Technology Zebra Card Printer Solutions D.T.I. - Law Enforcement Services Division Levitt-Safety Limited Carruthers Shaw and Partners Ltd, Diemaco LifeBarrier Conrad Grebel University College EMX Inc. MAE International Inc. Security - Penal Leupold & Stevens, Inc. MAR-VEL International Inc. Institutions MAE International Inc. Mega Technical Holdings Ltd Deister Electronics, Inc. Newcon Optik Mine Safety Appliances GE Infrastructure-Enterprise Solutions Police Ordnance Company Inc. North Safety Products Lethbridge Community College The Shooting Edge Pacific Safety Products Inc. Metorex Security Products, Inc. Pack-A-Cone: Mindspace Inc Trijicon, Inc. Ranger Security Detectors Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) Wolverine Supplies Recognition Systems Peltor Communications eConcordia.com Inc Smiths Detection Robots PolyBrite International Inc Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies Institute of Police Technology & Mgmt Viisage Allen-Vanguard Potomac Protection Products Kwantlen University College Vindicator Technologies Inuktun Services Ltd RediAlert Safedesign Apparel Ltd Lethbridge Community College Safety & Rescue Safety Express Ltd. McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Int’l Savage Range Systems, Inc. Northwestern U’ty for Public Safety Security - Perimeter Equipment Allen-Vanguard Allsafe Services and Materials Search Systems Inc Royal Roads University STC Footwear Seneca College American Innovations, Inc. Bright Star Lighting Products Delta Scientific Bullard TAC ! Protective Apparel Ltd. Strategic Education and Training McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Int’l Communications-Applied Technology Tac Wear Inc. University of British Columbia Metorex Security Products, Inc. CoolCop - Body Armor Air Conditioning TechAlt, Inc. University of Guelph-Humber Cuff Cleaner Inc. Tektite Industries, Inc. University of Guelph Mistral Security, Inc Draeger Canada Ltd. The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co Westervelt College Pack-A-Cone: Mindspace Inc Ferno Canada Time Domain PI Vision Fisher Safety Torfino Enterprises Inc Security - Identification Q-Star Technology (Canada) Flex-O-Lite Ltd Triosyn Corp. Deister Electronics, Inc. Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects Inc. Footprints International Turboflare Canada Inc GE Infrastructure-Enterprise Solutions RediAlert Gentex Corporation Unity Manufacturing Company Imagis Technologies Inc. Sonitrol Security Systems Hawk Protection Inc Wintron Technologies Labcal Torfino Enterprises Inc Inland Liferafts & Marine Limited Zaviation Inc. Recognition Systems Vindicator Technologies

Blue Line Magazine 47 FEBRUARY 2005 PRODUCT LISTING Security - Training Uniforms & Accessories Advanced Interactive Systems Tactical Command Industries Inc. Specter Gear, Inc. 911 Supply Alasdair Cook & Associates Vindicator Technologies Spike Camp Aero Mode Inc. eConcordia.com Inc Steelite Tactical Gear Alpine Joe Sportswear Ltd Globe Risk International Systems Integration Super Seer Corporation ALTAMA Footwear Gordon Contract Support SureFire, LLC Atlantic Body Armor Inc. John E. Reid and Associates, Inc Cpal Crime Prevention Analysis Lab Inc Tac Wear Inc. Bates Uniform Footwear Lethbridge Community College Deccan International Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. bigLeague Marketing McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Int’l E Team, Inc. Tactical Command Industries Inc. BlackHawk Products Group Northwestern U’ty for Public Safety EmerGeo Solutions Inc. Taper International, Inc Case-Tech PI Vision Gentex Corporation Tektite Industries, Inc. Domtex Marketing Inc Seneca College Imagis Technologies Inc. Tetragon Tasse Elbeco Incorporated Southern ON Law Enf’t Training Assoc. IRD (International Road Dynamics) Inc. The Shooting Edge Empire Shirt Ltd The Backup Training Corporation Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc Time Domain Gordon Contract NCI TMS Technologies Ltd. Head to Toe Outfitters Sirens & Emergency Northrop Grumman Torfino Enterprises Inc Helmet House Lighting M/A-COM Trijicon, Inc. Hi-Tec Intervention Inc. Valley Associates Inc. Alerte Systems International, Ltd. Positron Public Safety Systems Integral Designs davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) Inc. SAGEM Morpho Inc Law Enforcement Training & Supplies Ltd. 911 Pro inc Sonitrol Security Systems Telemetry Eqipment Martin & Levesque / Blauer Canada Federal Signal Giga-Tron Associates Limited Nine One One Outerwear Footprints International Tactical Team Overwatch Consulting Inc. Peerless Handcuff Company Lightning Equipment Sales Inc. PageNet Canada Inc. PolyBrite International Inc Equipment Pride In Service LSH Lights A.J. Brooks Inc. Time Domain Rogue Modular Combat Systems Inc. Mega Technical Holdings Ltd Allen-Vanguard VoiceGate Corporation Rothco Phoenix / PMA Inc ALTAMA Footwear Safariland PoliceFireAmbulance.com Atlantic Signal LLC Telescoping & Masts Second Chance Body Armor PVP Communications Inc. Bates Uniform Footwear Spiewak Turboflare Canada Inc BlackHawk Products Group Antenna Stokes International Unity Manufacturing Company BOA Handuff Company Giga-Tron Associates Limited Tac Wear Inc. Bright Star Lighting Products Lightning Equipment Sales Inc. Uniform Uniforms Surveillance Canadian Tactical Telex Communications Inc. Viking Police & Security Co Aegison Corporation Combined Tactical Systems, Inc. American Innovations, Inc. Communications-Applied Technology Thermal Imaging Apollo Video Technology Crimson Trace Corporation FLIR Systems Vacations Ascendent Technology Group Inc. Current Corporation Security Products International, Inc. Niagara Vacation Homes Bock Optronics Daniels Electronics Ltd Pride In Service Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. (BMS) Dolch Computer Systems Canada Bullard Elbeco Incorporated Ticket Holders Vehicle Tracking Diogenes Company Ferno Canada Glen Enforcement Accessories (GEA) Extreme Surveillance Triform Business Systems Limited Equipment First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc ATS Asset Tracking Services Inc. GE Infrastructure, Security Fisher Safety AutoVu Technologies Inc. GE Infrastructure-Commercial Solutions Gentex Corporation Boomerang Tracking Inc. General Starlight Co., Inc. Training Aids & Hawk Protection Inc Competitive Edge Software, Inc. Giga-Tron Associates Limited Head to Toe Outfitters Services Advanced Interactive Systems Dataradio Inc Globe Risk International Instrument Technology Inc Alpha Group Analysis Training DMTI Spatial I-Vision Systems Technology ITT Industries Night Vision Athabasca University Homeland Security Technology Corp Instrument Technology Inc K9 Storm Inc. Career Investigation Security Search Canada Identification Technologies ITT Industries Night Vision Kinetic Solutions, LLC Cuff Cleaner Inc. IRD (International Road Dynamics) Inc. Maritime Services Link Communications Inc Dalhousie University Mapping Solutions Inc Micro Video Products MAR-VEL International Inc. eConcordia.com Inc NavLynx Technologies Inc. NavLynx Technologies Inc. Med-Eng Systems Ferno Canada Prairie Geomatics Ltd NICE Systems Inc. Natec Inc HRSG (Human Resource Systems Group) Sherlock Anti-theft Marking Inc PI Vision New Eagle International Int’l Association for Property & Evidence Q-Star Technology (Canada) Newcon Optik John E. Reid and Associates, Inc Vehicle Restoration Salient Manufacturing & Security Products Inc Pacific Safety Products Inc. Kwantlen University College Emergency Vehicle Restoration Ltd. Schweizer Aircraft Corporation Peltor Communications Mawashi Protective Clothing Inc. KCS Kidd Cleaning Services Search Systems Inc Porta Target MilCun Marksmanship Complex Signalscape, Inc. R.Nicholls Distributors Vehicles - Accessories Overwatch Consulting Inc. TechAlt, Inc. Rogue Modular Combat Systems Inc. 911 Pro inc Porta Target Time Domain Alerte Systems International, Ltd. VideoComm Technologies Road Safety Network Bright Star Lighting Products Vostek Electronics Savage Range Systems, Inc. CoolCop - Body Armor Air Conditioning Securesearch, Inc Federal Signal Switches and Control Skidcar System Canada Inc. Goldrich Security Cabinets Systems Southern ON Law Enf’t Training Assoc. Jotto Desk Copeland Engineering, LLC Lightning Equipment Sales Inc. Cybermation Systems Inc Safedesign Apparel Ltd Trauma Scene Cleaning NoFlat Tire Sealant Ltd Lightning Equipment Sales Inc. Search Systems Inc KCS Kidd Cleaning Services Phoenix / PMA Inc Positron Public Safety Systems Second Chance Body Armor LifeBarrier Sherlock Anti-theft Marking Inc PVP Communications Inc. Secure Distributions Ltd TEAM-1 Emergency Services Stewart Products, Inc,

Blue Line Magazine 48 FEBRUARY 2005 PRODUCT LISTING ThunderWorks Mobile Engineering Sprinco USA Turboflare Canada Inc EmerGeo Solutions Inc. Metorex Security Products, Inc. Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement EnGarde Body Armor PGW Defence Technologies Inc SureFire, LLC Unity Manufacturing Company Globe Risk International Tufloc Tetragon Tasse Winner International ITTA - International Tactical Training Academy USA Body Armor TMS Technologies Ltd. Trijicon, Inc. Vehicles - Off Road Voice Logging Systems Weapons - Training Wolverine Supplies Mercury Marine CVDS Inc. Advanced Interactive Systems NoFlat Tire Sealant Ltd Mercom Systems CAPS Inc. Wireless ThunderWorks Mobile Engineering NICE Systems Inc. Crimson Trace Corporation Communications Globe Risk International Novo Technologies Apollo Video Technology ITTA - International Tactical Training Academy Vehicles - Specialty TOA Canada Corporation ATS Asset Tracking Services Inc. L&R Manufacturing Co. Armet Armored Vehicles Canada Inc. VoiceGate Corporation Bell Mobility Business Solutions MilCun Marksmanship Complex Copeland Engineering, LLC Wilmac Canada, Ltd. Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. (BMS) National Firearms Association Emergency Vehicle Restoration Ltd. Communications-Applied Technology Police Ordnance Company Inc. First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc Daniels Electronics Ltd Weapons - Maintenance Porta Target Mercury Marine Dataradio Inc Allsafe Services and Materials Southern ON Law Enf’t Training Assoc. NoFlat Tire Sealant Ltd Canadian Tactical Dolch Computer Systems Canada Schweizer Aircraft Corporation D.T.I. - Law Enforcement Services Division Weapons & Accessories EmerGeo Solutions Inc. Sherlock Anti-theft Marking Inc Diemaco Argonaut Armament Homeland Security Technology Corp Skidcar System Canada Inc. Jim Korth Agencies Atlantic Police & Security Supply Itronix Corporation ThunderWorks Mobile Engineering Otis Products Inc Canadian Tactical JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. Sprinco USA Crimson Trace Corporation Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc Vessels - Accessories Cuff Cleaner Inc. Midland Radio Corporation Mercury Marine Weapons - Non-Lethal Diemaco Motorola Moose Boats Combined Tactical Systems, Inc. D.T.I. - Law Enforcement Services Division NCI Crimson Trace Corporation General Starlight Co., Inc. PageNet Canada Inc. Video - Mobile & Defence Aerosols Inc Heckler & Koch Inc. Peltor Communications Surveillance Diemaco Hirsch Precision Inc. Pride In Service 911 Pro inc Police Ordnance Company Inc. Kolder Canada Radio IP Software Inc Aegison Corporation Security Equipment Corporation L&R Manufacturing Co. Route 1 Inc. Apollo Video Technology SureFire, LLC M.D. Charlton Co Ltd Secure Technologies International Inc. Ascendent Technology Group Inc. TASER International, Inc. MilCun Marksmanship Complex Symbol Technologies Canada, ULC. AutoVu Technologies Inc. Tetragon Tasse Otis Products Inc Tactical Command Industries Inc. Bock Optronics Winner International PGW Defence Technologies Inc Telex Communications Inc. Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. (BMS) Police Ordnance Company Inc. TOA Canada Corporation Bullard Weapons - Security R. Nicholls Distributors Tripod Data Systems Danbar Enterprises-Cruisercam Adanac Security & Specialty Services Savage Range Systems, Inc. VideoComm Technologies Decatur Electronics, Inc. EnGarde Body Armor SEALS Action Gear Vostek Electronics EMX Inc. Goldrich Security Cabinets Specter Gear, Inc. xwave Extreme Surveillance Footprints International GE Infrastructure-Commercial Solutions General Starlight Co., Inc. Giga-Tron Associates Limited Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital I-Vision Systems Technology Micro Video Products NICE Systems Inc. PB Electronics PI Vision Q-Star Technology (Canada) Salient Manufacturing & Security Products Inc Security Products International, Inc. Signalscape, Inc. TOA Canada Corporation VideoComm Technologies Vindicator Technologies Vostek Electronics

Video - Training Baden K-9 FATS Canada GE Infrastructure-Commercial Solutions Safariland Securesearch, Inc The Backup Training Corporation White Pine Productions

VIP Protection Alasdair Cook & Associates Atlantic Body Armor Inc.

Blue Line Magazine 49 FEBRUARY 2005 CORPORATE LISTING 21st Century Coatings Allsafe Services and Materials Boomerang Tracking Inc. 284 St. James Street 801 Corporate Centre Drive 9280 boul. de L’Acadie London ON N6A 1X3 St. Charles MO 63304 B Montreal QC H4N 3C5 519-434-0395 636-300-2700 B H Harris Consulting 877-777-8722 fax: 514-385-4719 SEE AD PAGE 44 140 King St W 3M Canada Company Alpha Group Analysis Training Gananoque ON K7G 2G4 Bramic Creative Business Products Ltd 1840 Oxford Street East P. O. Box 8 613-382-3629 6372 Main St London ON N5V 3R6 Montclair CA 91763 Stouffville ON L4A 1G3 519-451-2500 909-989-4366 fax: 909-476-8271 Baden K-9 905 642-2911 fax: 905 642 3911 P.O. Box 106 911 Pro inc Alpine Joe Sportswear Ltd Wellandport ON L0R 1Y0 Bright Star Lighting Products 120 Boul. Industriel 1859 Franklin St 905-562-3095 fax: 905-562-4242 380 Stewart Road Boucherville QC J4B 2X2 Hanover Township PA 18706 Vancouver BC V5L 1P9 BAJAI Inc 450-655-9111 fax: 450-655-9110 604-251-3843 800-788-1696 SEE AD PAGE 28 3575 Revelstoke Dr 911 Supply Ottawa ON K1V 7B9 British Columbia Institute of Technology ALTAMA Footwear 613-731-9069 fax: 613-731-5890 4327A Manhattan Rd SE 3399 Peachtree Rd, NE 3700 Willingdon Avenue Calgary AB T2G-4B1 Burnaby BC V5G 3H2 Atlanta GA 30326 Bates Uniform Footwear 403-287-1911 fax: 403-287-9740 404-260-2888 fax: 404-260-2889 604-412-7539 fax: 604-431-4516 SEE AD PAGE 10 9341 Courtland Dr SEE AD PAGE 11 911 Unity Rockford MI 49351 Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. (BMS) 1108 Birchcliffe Crescent American Innovations, Inc. 616-866-5500 fax: 616-866-5658 12367 Crosthwaite Circle Orillia ON L3V-6H4 383 West Route 59 Poway CA 92064 705-329-1777 fax: 705-329-2777 Spring Valley NY 10977 Bell Helicopter 858-391-3050 fax: 858-391-3049 845-371-3333 fax: 845-371-3885 12,800 rue de l’Avenir Mirabel QC J7J 1R4 Bullard Apollo Video Technology 450-437-3400 fax: 450-437-2006 1898 Safety Way A 1331-118th Ave SE Bell Mobility Business Solutions Cynthiana KY 41031 A.J. Brooks Inc. Bellevue WA 98005 859-234-6616 fax: 859-234-8987 147 West Broadway 425-458-4883 fax: 425-453-0959 5099 Creekbank Rd Vancouver BC V5Y 1P4 Mississauga ON L4W 5N2 604-874-1117 fax: 604-874-0674 905-282-3315 fax: 905-282-3531 Argonaut Armament SEE AD PAGE 4 C PO Box 27020, Tuscany RPO A1 Crime Specialists Bellwood Health Services Inc. C-I-L/Orion Calgary AB T3L 2Y1 1020 McNicoll Avenue 533 Argenteuil 112 Falshire Close NE 403-249-2246 fax: 403-663-8082 Calgary AB T3J 3A6 Toronto ON M1W 2J6 Lachute QC J8H 3Y2 403-280-4809 416-495-0926 fax: 416-495-7943 450-566-0655 fax: 450-566-0677 Armet Armored Vehicles Canada Inc. Accident Support Services Int’l 665 Millway Avenue Best Glove Canada Law Book Inc 111 Toryork Drive Concord ON L4K 3T8 253 Michaud St. 240 Edward Street Toronto ON M9L 1X9 905-738-1320 fax: 905-738-6607 Coaticook QC J1A-1A9 Aurora ON L4G 3S9 416-745-3301 fax: 416-745-5555 800-241-0323 905-841-6472 fax: 905-841-5078 SEE AD PAGE 20 Artcal Graphics & Screen Printing Inc. Adanac Security & Specialty Services 779 Industrial Road Bianchi International Canadian Tactical 40 Lennox Dr. London ON N5V 3N5 27969 Jefferson Avenue PO Box 632 Station Main Barrie ON L4M-4V1 519-453-6010 fax: 519-453-3617 Temecula CA 92590 Calgary AB T2P 2J3 800-461-9610 fax: 705-733-0058 SEE AD PAGE 24 951-676-5621 fax: 951-676-6777 403-277-5184 fax: 403-699-0025 Ascendent Technology Group Inc. Admit Computer Services, Inc. 930 Baker Street bigLeague Marketing CAPS Inc. 500 Bi-County Blvd Cranbrook BC V1C 1A5 100-2700 Lancaster Rd. C.P. 312 Farmingdale NY 11735 250-426-8100 fax: 250-426-8170 Ottawa ON K1B 4T7 Roxboro QC H8Y 3K4 800-871-1244 fax: 631-249-2049 613-521-3328 fax: 613-521-2298 514-696-8591 fax: 514-696-2348 Athabasca University SEE AD PAGE 27 Advanced Interactive Systems 1 University Drive BIO-key International Career Investigation Security Search Canada 665 Andover Park West Athabasca AB T9S 3A3 3349 Highway 138 300 Earl Gray Dr Suite 313 Seattle WA 98188-3321 800-788-9041 fax: 780-675-6437 Wall NJ 07719 Ottawa ON K2T 1C1 800-441-4487 fax: 206-575-8665 800-400-6311 fax: 508-460-4099 613-836-0105 fax: 613-836-0106 Atlantic Body Armor Inc. Aegison Corporation 3005 Matte Boulevard BlackHawk Products Group Carruthers Shaw and Partners Ltd, 4633 Old Ironsides Drive Suite 150 Brossard QC J4Y 2P4 4850 Brookside Court 2345 Yonge Street, Suite 200 Santa Clara CA 95054 450-659-3334 fax: 450-659-3336 Norfolk VA 23502 Toronto ON M4P 2E5 408-496-0190 757-436-3101 fax: 757-436-3088 416-482-5002 fax: 416-482-5040 SEE AD PAGE 58 Aero Mode Inc. Atlantic Police & Security Supply Blue Line Rings Case-Tech 154 Norfinch 99 Rocky Lake Drive, Unit 11 59 Mark Place 1100 Invicta Dr, Unit 6 Downsview ON M3N 1X6 Bedford NS B4A 2T3 Hamilton ON L8W 2P8 Oakville ON L6H 2K9 902-835-1819 fax: 902-835-2470 905-842-8294 fax: 905-842-7065 416-739-7953 fax: 416-739-9266 SEE AD PAGE 60 905-383-2099 Alasdair Cook & Associates Atlantic Signal LLC BMW Motorrad Canada Inc. Celayix Inc. Suite 432, 234-5149 Country Hills Blvd, NW PO Box 5304 920 Champlain Court Suite 2383, 595 Burrard Street Calgary AB T3A 5K8 Topeka KS 66605 Whitby ON L1N-6K9 Vancouver BC V7X 1C4 403-561-9391 fax: 403-374-0218 877-202-0215 fax: 781-846-8485 905-683-1200 fax: 905-428-5446 604-683-7669 fax: 604-683-1335 SEE AD PAGE 45 SEE AD PAGE 33 Alerte Systems International, Ltd. ATS Asset Tracking Services Inc. BOA Handuff Company Ceramic Protection Corporation 243 S. Madison Ave Suite 700 736 8th Ave SW 101 Commercial Street 3905-32nd St. N.E. Loveland CO 80537 Calgary AB T2P 1H4 Plainview NY 11803 Calgary AB T1Y-7C1 970-667-1535 fax: 800-635-1536 403-213-5577 fax: 403-262-7169 516-576-0295 fax: 516-576-0100 866-209-1007 fax: 403-735-1001 Allen-Vanguard AutoVu Technologies Inc. Bock Optronics Civica Software 5459 Canotek Road 300 St. Sacrament 14 Steinway Blvd Unit 7 20101 SW Birch Street Ottawa ON K1J 9M3 Montreal QC H2Y1X4 Toronto ON M9W 6M6 Newport Beach CA 90278 613-747-3590 fax: 613-747-0723 514-843-5212 fax: 514-843-5272 416-674-2804 fax: 416-674-1827 949-851-1600 fax: 949-851-1930

Blue Line Magazine 50 FEBRUARY 2005 CORPORATE LISTING CMI Inc. Crimson Trace Corporation Decatur Electronics, Inc. E 316 East 9th St. 8089 SW Cirrus Drive 715 Bright Street Owensboro KY 42303 Beaverton OR 97008 Decatur IL 62522 E Team, Inc. 866-835-0690 fax: 270-685-6678 503-627-9992 fax: 503-627-0166 800-428-4315 fax: 217-428-5302 21700 Oxnard Street, Suite 950 SEE AD PAGE 35 Woodland Hills CA 91354 818-932-0660 fax: 818-932-0661 Cognitech Inc. CritiCall Deccan International 225 S. Lake Ave. Suite 601 2868 Prospect Park Drive - Suite 110 9860 Mesa Rim Road Pasadena CA 91101 Rancho Cordova CA 95670 San Diego CA 92024 ECCO Shoes Canada 626-796-0326 fax: 626-796-7873 800-999-0438 858-799-7980 fax: 858-799-7990 50 McIntosh Dr. Ste 110 Markham ON L3R 9T3 Cuff Cleaner Inc. Deeley Harley-Davidson Canada 800-358-3226 fax: 905-475-9405 Combined Tactical Systems, Inc. 830 Edgeley Blvd 388 Kinsman Road Box 24 Site 14 RR4 Edmonton AB T5E 5S7 Concord ON L4K 4X1 eConcordia.com Inc Jamestown PA 16134 780-973-6333 fax: 780-973-6340 905-660-3500 fax: 905-660-3372 1250 Guy St 724-932-2177 fax: 724-932-2166 Defence Aerosols Inc Montreal QC H3H 2T4 Current Corporation 514-848-8770 fax: 514-848-4543 Commission on Accreditation (CALEA) 106 Gibraltar Bay Drive 2933 Murray St Victoria BC V9B 6M2 10302 Eaton Place Ste 100 Port Moody BC V3H 1X3 EDP Software Fairfax VA 22030 - 2215 250-472-3869 fax: 250-472-1940 604-461-5555 fax: 604-461-5525 SEE AD PAGE 27 37 Baxter Court 800-368-3757 fax: 703-591-2206 SEE AD PAGE 62 Deister Electronics, Inc. Fredericton NB E3B 6M2 CVDS Inc. 1099 Kingston Road, Suite 212 506-454-7776 fax: 506-453-4510 Communications-Applied Technology 117 Brunswick Blvd. Pickering ON L1V 1B5 11250-14 Roger Bacon Dr. Pointe-Claire QC H9R 5N2 905-837-5666 fax: 905-837-0777 Elbeco Incorporated Reston VA 20190-5202 514-426-7879 fax: 514-426-3511 P.O. Box 13099 800-229-3925 fax: 703-471-4428 SEE AD PAGE 21 Delmas Manufacturing Ltd. Reading PA 19612 Cybermation Systems Inc Box 500 Highway 16 610-921-0651 fax: 610-921-8651 ComnetiX, Inc. 22 - 11151 Horseway Way Delmas SK S0M 0P0 2872 Bristol Circle Ste 100 Richmond BC V7A 4S5 306-445-5562 fax: 306-445-9842 604-448-8829 fax: 604-448-8827 Emergency Vehicle Restoration Ltd. Oakville ON L6H 6G4 725 Richmond St. 905-829-1988 fax: 905-829-1944 Delta Scientific 24901 West Avenue Stanford Chatham ON N7M 5L3 D Valencia CA 91355 519-352-6200 fax: 519-352-6284 Competitive Edge Software, Inc. 661-257-1800 fax: 661-257-0617 4369 S. Howell Ave. D. Vandenheede Enterprises Ltd. EmerGeo Solutions Inc. Milwaukee WI 53207 P.O. Box 824 Diagnostix Ltd. Suite 900 - 555 Burrard Street 866-205-2374 fax: 414-481-3203 Simcoe ON N3Y 4T2 400 Matheson Blvd East Vancouver BC V7X 1M8 519-428-5329 fax: 519-428-5176 Mississauga ON L4Z 1N8 604-443-5025 Conrad Grebel University College D.T.I. - Law Enforcement Services Div. 905-890-6023 fax: 905-890-6024 140 Westmount Rd N EMX Inc. Waterloo ON N2L 3G6 PO Box 33004 Diemaco 315 Stan Dr. Ste 5-6 519 885 0220 fax: 519 885 0014 North Vancouver BC V7P 3H1 1036 Wilson Avenue 604-985-8324 fax: 604-985-8380 Melbourne FL 32904-1078 Kitchener ON N2J 1J3 903-623-3402 fax: 903-623-4013 Constable Cigar Co 519-893-6840 fax: 519-893-3144 Dalhousie University, SEE AD PAGE 7 RR 2 College of Continuing Education EnGarde Body Armor Grand Valley ON L0N 1G0 Digital Descriptor Systems, Inc P.O. Box 17636 City Centre Atlantic 2150 Highway 35 877-229-2247 fax: 519-928-2055 Halifax NS B3J 3T1 Amsterdam 1001 JM Sea Girt NJ 08750 31 255557381 fax: 31 255557797 902-494-6930 fax: 902-494-2598 732-359-0260 fax: 732-359-0265 CoolCop - Body Armor Air Conditioning SEE AD PAGE 5 P.O. Box 578 Danbar Enterprises-Cruisercam Discount Handcuff Warehouse Enstrom Helicopter Corp. Creston CA 93432 13 Riverview Place S E 431 W 22nd St 2209 22nd Street 408-832-0602 fax: 805-239-1409 Redcliff AB T0J-2P0 Norfolk VA 23517 Menominee MI 49858 403-548-3020 888-346-9732 fax: 757-622-5335 906-863-1200 fax: 906-863-6821 Copeland Engineering, LLC PO Box 120036 Daniels Electronics Ltd DMTI Spatial Epic Data Chula Vista CA 91912-3136 43 Erie St 625 Cochrane Drive 6300 River Road 619-575-4600 fax: 601-264-9951 Victoria BC V8V 1P8 Markham ON L3R 9R9 Richmond BC V6X 1X5 250-382-8268 fax: 250-382-6139 877-477-3684 fax: 905-948-9404 604-273-9146 Corona Solutions 3100 WCR 21 Danner Inc Dolch Computer Systems Canada Extreme Surveillance Fort Lupton CO 80621 18550 NE Riverside Parkway 170 Ambassador Dr, Suites 13 & 14 7701 East Gray Road, Suite 5 720-685-9550 fax: 303-637-9570 Portland OR 97230 Mississauga ON L5T 2H9 Scottsdale AZ 85260 800-345-0430 fax: 503-251-1119 905-795-1544 fax: 905-795-1548 800-788-7101 Corporate Security Supply Ltd SEE AD PAGE 62,63 Unit A - 891 Century St DATA911 Systems Domtex Marketing Inc Winnipeg MB R3H 0M3 2021 Challenger Drive 1110 Finch Ave West 800-563-5566 fax: 204-989-1010 Alameda CA 94501 Toronto ON M3J 2T2 510-865-9100 fax: 510-865-9090 416-661-5099 fax: 416-661-0553 SEE AD PAGE 15 F Cpal Crime Prevention Analysis Lab Dataradio Inc Draeger Canada Ltd. FATS Canada Simon Fraser University- Discovery Park 5500 Royalmount Ave 7555 Danbro Crescent 5900 Henri-Bourassa Burnaby B.C. V5A 4W9 Montreal QC H4P 1H7 Mississauga ON L5N 6P9 Ville St-Laurent QC H4R 1V9 888-653-2725 fax: 604-294-2470 514-737-0020 fax: 514-738-7883 905-821-8988 fax: 905-821-2565 514-339-9938 fax: 514-333-3361 Crime Sciences Inc. davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) Inc. Dunlop Architects Inc. FDM Software Ltd. 1874 Hwy 20E 130-A Industrial Avenue 500-477 Mount Pleasant Road 814 West 15th Street Fonthill ON L0S 1E6 Carleton Place ON K7C 3T2 Toronto ON M4S 2L9 North Vancouver BC V7P 1M6 905-892-1800 fax: 905-892-4359 613-253-7000 fax: 613-253-0023 416-596-6666 fax: 416-596-7892 604-986-9941 fax: 604-986-7130 SEE AD PAGE 16 Crimestar Corporation DCC (Dialogic Communications Corp.) DuPont Canada Inc. Federal Signal Corp PO Box 53435 730 Cool Springs Blvd. P.O. Box 2200 Streetsville 2645 Federal Signal Way San Jose CA 95153 Franklin TN 37067 Mississauga ON L5M 2H3 University Park IL 60466 603-352-2906 fax: 408-362-0852 615-790-2882 fax: 615-790-1329 905-821-5858 fax:905-821-5177 800-264-3578 fax:800-682-8022 SEE AD PAGE 66

Blue Line Magazine 51 FEBRUARY 2005 CORPORATE LISTING Ferno Canada Globe Risk International HomeLife/Vision Realty Inc. InTime Solutions Inc 755 The Queensway E Suite 12 Suite 1205 1945 Leslie Street 700-5945 Kathleen Avenue Mississauga ON L4Y 4C5 Toronto ON M5J 2N8 Toronto ON M3B 2M3 Burnaby BC V5H 4L5 800-540-3376 fax: 905-615-1199 416-368-4118 fax: 416-678-8572 416-383-1828 fax: 416-383-1821 604-713-8585 fax: 604-713-8588

First Choice Armor & Equipment, Inc Goldrich Security Cabinets HRSG (Human Resource Systems Group) Inuktun Services Ltd 764 N Main St P.O. 34014 17790 #10 Hwy 13 55 Bank Street 2569 Kenworth Rd. - Suite C Brockton MA 02301 Surrey BC V3S 8C4 Ottawa ON K1H 8K7 Nanaimo BC V9T 3M4 508-559-0777 fax: 508-941-6841 604-574-3572 fax: 604-574-3572 613-745-6605 fax: 613-745-4019 250-729-8080 fax: 250-729-8077 SEE AD PAGE 25 Fischer Consulting Inc Goodbye Graffiti Huber & Associates, Inc. IR Security & Safety 1600 Airport Freeway, Suite 378 222 Gledhill Ave 1400 Edgewood Drive 575 Birch St. Bedford TX 76022 Toronto ON M4C 5L1 Jefferson City MO 65109 Forestville CT 06010 866-486-4867 fax: 817-399-0568 416-421-9008 fax: 416-421-5423 573-634-5000 fax: 573-634-5500 860-584-9158 fax: 860-584-2136 Fisher Safety Gordon Contract 112 Colonnade Road 552 Queen Street West IRD (International Road Dynamics) Inc. I 702-43rd Street East Ottawa ON K2E 7L6 Toronto ON M5V 2B5 I-Vision Systems Technology 877-676-3639 fax: 613-226-8639 416-504-5503 fax: 416-504-6818 Saskatoon SK S7K 3T9 SEE AD PAGE 17 4040 Creditview Roda Unit 11-291 306-653-6600 fax: 306-242-5599 Mississauga ON L5C 3Y8 SEE AD PAGE 47 Fitzco Inc. Groen Brothers Aviation Inc 905-814-1206 5600 Pioneer Creek Drive 2640 West California Ave Suite A Itronix Corporation 801 S. Stevens Street Maple Plain MN 55359 Salt Lake City UT 84104-4593 i2 Inc 800-367-8760 fax:763-479-2880 801-973-0177 fax: 801-973-4027 Spokane WA 99204 6551 Loisdale Court 509-624-6600 fax: 509-626-4203 Springfield VA 22150 Flex-O-Lite Ltd 703-921-0195 fax: 703-921-0196 15 Flex-O-Lite Road H ITT Industries Night Vision 7635 Plantation Road St Thomas ON N5P 3N5 H.D. Brown Enterprises Ltd IAPE Int’l Association for Property & Evidence 800-265-7661 fax: 800-267-3265 Roanoke VA 24019 P.O. BOX 190 23 Beverly ST. E. 930 N. San Fernando Blvd, Suite 4 540-362-8000 ST. George ON N0E 1N0 Burbank CA 91506 FLIR Systems 519-448-1381 fax: 519-448-3159 818-846-2926 fax: 818-846-4543 5230 South Service Road, Ste. 125 ITTA - International Tactical Training Academy Burlington ON L7L 5K2 Hawk Protection Inc Idaho Instrument #9 3500-27St NE 800-613-0507 Calgary AB T1Y 5E2 SEE AD PAGE 13 POBox 150307 624 4th Avenue West Ogden UT 84415 Twin Falls ID 83303-0793 403-274-9005 Footprints International 801-622-7327 fax: 801-622-7325 208-733-5636 fax: 208-733-5658 12777 238 Street Male Ridge BC V4R 1P9 Head to Toe Outfitters Identification Technologies 604-639-6459 fax: 604-463-2936 191 St. David Street, # 15 1495 NW Gilman Blvd J Lindsay ON K9V 5K7 Issaquah WA 98027 Jim Korth Agencies Formdocs LLC 705-878-4319 425-837-1709 fax: 425-837-1770 Box 490,103 Stockton PT. 800 Turnpike St., Suite 300 Okotoks AB. T1S 1A7 North Andover MA 01845 Heckler & Koch Inc. Imagis Technologies Inc. 403-938-3255 fax: 403-938-2722 978-686-0020 21480 Pacific Blvd. 1630 - 1075 West Georgia Street Sterling VA 20166 Vancouver BC V6E 3C9 JLT Mobile Computers, Inc. 703-450-1900 fax: 703-406-2361 604-684-2449 fax: 604-684-9314 6825 W. Galveston St G Chandler AZ 85226 GE Infrastructure, Security Helmet House Impact Imprints 480-705-4200 fax: 480-705-4216 114 West 7th St. 26855 Malibu Hills Road 107 Pineridge Road RR#3 Austin TX 78701 Calabasas Hills CA 91301 Carp ON K0A 1L0 John E. Reid and Associates, Inc 512-381-2760 fax: 512-381-1773 818-880-0000 fax: 818-880-4550 613-839-1101 fax: 613-839-1101 250 S. Wacker Drive Chicago IL 60606 GE Infrastructure-Commercial Solutions Henry’s Photo-Video-Digital Ingo Global Inc 800-255-5747 fax: 312-876-17431 3050 Red Hill Avenue 119 Church Street 57 Schaefer St Costa Mesa CA 92626 Toronto ON M5C 2G5 Waterloo ON N2L 4C4 Jotto Desk 714-427-2000 fax: 714-427-2098 416-868-0872 fax: 416-868-4951 519-884-8180 fax: 519-884-0287 209 W. Easy Street SEE AD PAGE 43 Rogers AR 72756 GE Infrastructure-Enterprise Solutions Hi-Tec Intervention Inc. Inland Liferafts & Marine Limited 877-455-6886 fax: 479-936-8620 791 Park of Commerce Blvd., Ste. 100 889 Marie -Victorin 30 Titan Road Unit 1 Boca Raton FL 33487 St-Nicolas QC G7A 3T3 Toronto ON M8Z 5Y2 561-998-6100 fax: 561-994-6572 888-709-4400 fax: 800-309-4779 416-207-0446 fax: 416-207-0524 K General Starlight Co., Inc. Hi-Tec Sports Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies K9 Storm Inc. 250 Harding Blvd. West 326 Watline Avenue Conrad Grebel University College 3rd Floor 110 McDermot Ave. Richmond Hill ON L4C 9S3 Mississauga ON L4Z 1X2 Waterloo ON N2L 3G6 Winnipeg MB R3B 0R8 416-223-6122 fax: 416-223-2587 800-465-5766 fax: 905-568-8448 519-885-0220 fax: 519-885-0014 204-669-8199 fax: 204-668-2291 Gentex Corporation HighCom Security Inc Institute of Police Technology & Management KCS Kidd Cleaning Services 837 Rowantree Crescent 27 Maiden Lane, Suite 590 University of North Florida 120-2377 Highway 2 Kingston ON K7P 1P6 San Francsico CA 94108 Jacksonville FL 32224-2678 Bowmanville ON L1C 5E2 613-384-5303 fax: 613-384-5303 415-834-0505 fax: 415-834-1155 904-620-4786 fax: 904-620-2453 905-242-7411 fax: 905-623-6317

Giga-Tron Associates Limited Hirsch Precision Inc. Instrument Technology Inc Kenwood Electronics Canada Inc 968 St laurent Blvd 34 Johnson Ave. PO Box 381 6070 Kestrel Road Ottawa ON K1K 3B3 Timberlea NS B3T 1E3 Westfield MA 01085 Mississauga ON L5T 1S8 613-747-4114 fax: 613-747-3474 902-876-8690 fax: 902-431-6326 413-562-3606 fax: 413-568-9809 800-775-0148 fax: 905-670-7248 Glen Enforcement Accessories (GEA) Homeland Security Technology Corp Integral Designs Kindermann Canada Inc. 3 Pell Street 30 Leek Crescent 5516 - 3rd Street SE 3-361 Steelcase Road West Scarborough ON M1N1M9 Richmond Hill ON L4B 4N4 Calgary AB T2H 1J9 Markham ON L3R 3V8 416-264-6444 905-764-3701 fax: 905-764-3680 403-640-1445 fax: 403-640-1444 905-940-9262 fax: 905-479-9755 SEE AD PAGE 43

Blue Line Magazine 52 FEBRUARY 2005 CORPORATE LISTING Kinetic Solutions, LLC LexisNexis Canada McMahon’s Dog Training Academy Int’l Motorola 4227 Earth City Expwy South, Suite 160 123 Commerce Valley Drive East, Suite 700 2574 Garrison rd. 1301 E Algonquin Road St. Louis MO 63045 Markham ON L3T 7W8 Ridgeway ON LOS 1NO Schaumburg IL 06831 314-770-9090 fax: 314-770-9091 905-479-2665 fax: 905-479-2826 905-358-4515 800-367-2346

Kingsway Cash Control Systems LifeBarrier Med-Eng Systems Mr. Pin Man Inc. 13 Scottswood Lane PO Box 6553 2400 St. Laurent Blvd. P.O. Box 3335 Stn D Caledonia ON N3W 2M4 Delray Beach FL 33482-6553 Ottawa ON K1G 6C4 Edmonton AB T5L 4J2 866-553-5573 800-844-3150 613-739-9646 fax: 613-739-4536 780-470-0011 fax: 780-470-0013

Kinwood Audio Visual Inc. Lightning Equipment Sales Inc. Medtronic Emergency Response Murray Randolph Mfg. Co. 125 Traders Blvd., E 2377 Baxter Cres 6733 Kitimat Road 160 St. Viateur Street East Mississauga ON L4Z 2E5 Burlington ON L7M 4C9 Mississauga ON L5N 1W3 Montreal QC H2T 1A8 905-890-0065 fax: 905-890-7084 905-332-7026 fax: 905-336-3916 800-268-5346 fax: 905-826-6620 514-273-4218 fax: 514-273-5640 SEE AD PAGE 2 Kolder Canada Link Communications Inc 21 Granview Cres 1035 Cerise Road Mega Technical Holdings Ltd 6909 76 Avenue N Bradford ON L3Z 2A5 Billings MT 59101 NABCO Inc. 905-775-9191 fax: 905-775-6780 406-245-5002 fax: 406-245-4889 Edmonton AB T6B 0A9 800-700-7937 fax: 780-435-7606 1001 Corporate Drive SEE AD PAGE 36,37 Canonsburg PA 15317 Kwantlen University College Lloyd Libke Law Enforcement Sales 724-746-9617 fax: 724-746-9709 12666 72 Avenue 19 Ingram Drive Mercom Systems 9 Polito Ave Surrey BC V3W 2M8 Toronto ON M6M 2L7 Natec Inc 604-599-2100 fax: 604-599-3065 416 242 4867 Lyndhurst NJ 07071 201-507-8800 11 Arkansas St. Plattsburgh NY 12903 LSH Lights 518-324-5625 fax: 518-324-5627 L 15160 W. Catalina Dr. Mercury Marine L&R Manufacturing Co. Goodyear AZ 85338 2395 Meadowpine Blvd National Firearms Association 577 Elm St. 877-479-2838 fax: 561-431-2618 Mississauga ON L5M 7W6 Box 52183 Kearny NJ 07032 905-816-4708 fax: 905-816-4748 Edmonton AB T6G 2T5 201-991-5330 fax: 201-991-5870 Lynn Peavey Company 780-439-1394 fax: 780-439-4091 PO Box 14100 Metorex Security Products, Inc. Labcal Lenexa KS 66285 250 Phillips Blvd. NatPat Ltd 400 Jean-Lesage 800-255-6499 fax: 913-495-6787 Ewing NJ 08618 3 - 200 Memorial Avenue Quebec QC G1K 8W1 609-406-9000 fax: 609-530-0842 Orillia ON L3V 5X6 418-692-3137 fax: 418-692-1488 866-469-2395 M Micro Video Products Labelnet, Inc. M.D. Charlton Co Ltd One Mill Line Road NavLynx Technologies Inc. 15 Main St. , 2nd Floor. PO Box 153 Bobcaygeon ON K0M 1A0 5800 Explorer Drive Cambridge ON N1R 7G8 Brentwood Bay BC V0S-1A0 800-213-8111 fax: 705-738-5484 Mississauga ON L4W 5K9 877-740-8900 fax: 519-740-8919 250-652-5266 fax: 250-652-4700 905-206-8875 fax: 905-206-8955 SEE AD PAGE 38 Microsurvey Software Inc Laser Atlanta LLC MAE International Inc. 2300 Carrington Road, Suite 110 NCI 2827 Peterson Place 7365 Carnelian St. Suite 226 Westbank BC V4T-2N6 2150 Winston Park Drive Norcross GA 30071 Rancho Cucamonga CA 91730 250-707-0000 fax: 250-707-0150 Oakville ON L6H 5V1 770-446-3866 fax: 770-840-0462 909-466-7577 fax: 909-466-7579 905-829-5579 fax: 905-829-3392 Midland Radio Corporation Laser Shot Shooting Simulations Mapping Solutions Inc 1120 Clay Street NELMAR Security Packaging Systems 12818 Century Drive PO Box 2425 North Kansas City MO 64116 5775 Ferrier Street Stafford TX 77477 Oregon City OR 97045 816-241-8500 fax: 816-241-5713 Montreal QC H4W 2C6 281-240-1122 fax: 281-240-8241 866-895-MAPS fax: 503-723-5014 800-363-2283 fax: 514-342-2823 MilArm Co Ltd Law Enforcement Training & Supplies MAR-VEL International Inc. 10769 99 Street Nelson Wong Architect Inc 48 Talbot St. E. (Rear) 7100 Airport Highway Edmonton AB T5H 4H6 146 Vaughan Rd Unit A Aylmer ON N5H 1H4 Pennsauken NJ 08109-4302 780-424-5281 fax: 800-894-7598 Toronto ON M6C 2M2 888-424-4496 fax: 519-773-8387 856-488-4499 fax: 856-488-4343 416-657-1048 fax: 416-657-8773 SEE AD PAGE 18 LECOR Technologies, LLC Maritime Services MilCun Marksmanship Complex New Eagle International 1802 Pleasant Valley Drive, Ste. 100-300 3440 Bridgeway Street 14 Burnt River Road Hwy 24 and Madore Street Garland TX 75040 Vancouver BC V5K 1B6 Burnt River ON K0M 1C0 Silver Lake KS 66539 972-496-3647 fax: 972-496-5706 604-294-4444 fax: 604-294-5879 705-454-8306 fax: 705-454-8306 800-850-8512 fax: 785-582-5820 SEE AD PAGE 47 Lees Motivation Canada Martin & Levesque / Blauer Canada Mine Safety Appliances New World Systems 223 Mary St 420 3 rd Avenue 33-2800 Skymark Ave. 888 West Big Beaver Road Hamilton ON L8L 4W2 St-Romuald QC G6W 5M6 Mississauga ON L4W 5A6 Troy MI 48084 905-529-9299 fax: 905-522-7988 800-567-0068 fax: 418-839-5220 905-602-0338 fax: 905-238-4151 248-269-1000 fax: 248-269-1020 Lethbridge Community College Matte Industries Mistral Security, Inc Newcon Optik 3000 College Drive South 4 Fortecon Drive Unit 1A 7910 Woodmont Ave, Ste. 820 1183 Finch Ave. West #302 Lethbridge AB T1K 1L6 Gormley ON L0H 1G0 Bethesda MD 20814 Toronto ON M3J 2G2 403-320-3490 fax: 403-317-3500 888 772 2350 fax: 905-713-1690 301-913-9366 fax: 301-913-9369 416-663-6963 fax: 416-663-9065 SEE AD PAGE 22 Leupold & Stevens, Inc. Mawashi Protective Clothing Inc. Molecular World Inc. Niagara Vacation Homes 14400 N. W. Greenbrier Parkway 8815 Ave du Parc 1 South Cumberland Street P.O. Box 1418 Beaverton OR 97006 Montreal QC H2N 1Y7 Thunder Bay ON P7B 2T1 Fonthill ON LOS-1E0 503-646-9171 fax: 503-526-1475 514-906-0556 fax: 514-387-9126 800-665-9753 fax: 807-344-7800 905-322-0550 fax: 514-370-1513

Levitt-Safety Limited Maxxam Analytics Inc Moose Boats NICE Systems Inc. 2872 Bristol Circle 6740 Campobello Rd 274 Sears Point Road 950 Herndon Parkway Oakville ON L6H 5T5 Mississauga ON L5N 2L8 Petaluma CA 95492 Herndon VA 20170 905-829-3299 fax: 905-829-2919 905-817-5700 fax: 905-817-5777 707-778-9828 fax: 707-778-9827 888-999-6423 fax: 703-464-1095

Blue Line Magazine 53 FEBRUARY 2005 CORPORATE LISTING Nine One One Outerwear Ortivus North America Panasonic Canada Inc. PI Vision 1932 St George Ave 2525 Daniel-Johnson Boulevard 5770 Ambler Drive 4370 L.B. McLeod Road Saskatoon SK S7M 0K5 Laval QC H7T 1S9 Mississauga ON L4W 2T3 Orlando FL 32811 800-667-6831 fax: 306 934 6022 450-682-6262 fax: 450-682-8117 905-624-5010 407-540-1252 fax: 407-540-1198 SEE AD PAGE 72 NoFlat Tire Sealant Ltd Otis Products Inc PB Electronics Polar Pin 7803 Progress Way 6987 Laura St 248 W Peaceful Ct 115 Main Street Delta BC V4G 1A3 Lyons Falls NY 13368 Shepherdsville KY 40165 Georgetown ON L7G 3E5 800-663-6090 fax: 604-946-3901 315-348-4300 fax: 315-348-4332 502-543-7032 fax: 502-543-3510 877-765-2734 fax: 905-873-4936 Peerless Handcuff Company Police Ordnance Company Inc. North Safety Products Our Designs, Inc 95 State Street 22 Riviera Drive 10550 Parkway Blvd. 1211 Cox Avenue Springfield MA 01103 Markham ON L3R 5M1 Anjou QC H1J 2K4 Erlanger KY 41018 800-732-3705 fax: 413-734-5467 905-479-2223 fax: 905-479-8558 888-212-7233 fax: 888-879-7233 800-382-5252 fax: 800-347-3367 SEE AD PAGE 21 Pelican Products, Inc. (Canada) PoliceFireAmbulance.com Northrop Grumman Overwatch Consulting Inc. 10221 184th Street RR 2 2411 Dulles Corner Park 2136 Heidi Ave. Edmonton AB T5S 2J4 Peterborough ON K9J 6X3 Herndon VA 20171 Burlington ON L7M 3X2 780-481-6076 fax: 780-481-9586 888-363-7445 fax: 705-760-9542 SEE AD PAGE 69 877-452-2757 905-319-1555 fax: 905-319-9317 Peltor Communications PolyBrite International Inc Northwestern U’ty for Public Safety 546 Bryne Drive, Unit C 1751 W Diehl Road Suite 110 Barrie ON L4N 9P6 Naperville IL 60563 PO Box 1409 P 705-733-3404 fax: 705-733-3565 630-717-6700 fax: 630-717-5646 Evanston IL 60204 800-323-4011 fax: 847-491-5270 Pacific Safety Products Inc. 2821 Fenwick Road PGW Defence Technologies Inc Porta Target 1 - 761 Marion St P.O. BOX 418 Novo Technologies Kelowna BC V1X 5E4 250-491-0911 fax: 250-491-0930 Winnipeg MB R2J 0K6 Grant FL 32949 49, Bel-Air Street 204-231-2976 fax: 204-231-8566 321 725 9911 Levis QC G6V 6K9 SEE AD PAGE 9 SEE AD PAGE 19 888-657-6686 fax: 418-833-6607 Pack-A-Cone: Mindspace Inc Phoenix / PMA Inc Positron Public Safety Systems 28 Silver Oaks Cres 2299 Drew Road 5101 Buchan Markham ON L6C 2Z5 Mississauga ON L5S 1A3 Montreal QC H4P 2R9 O 905-284-1000 fax: 905-284-1082 905-678-9400 fax: 905-678-9406 514-345-2200 O. P. S. Inc. PageNet Canada Inc. Phoenix Bio-Tech Corp Potomac Protection Products 160 4th Avenue 2001 Sheppard Avenue East 6810 Kitimat Road Unit 1 77 Quaker Ridge Road Hanover ON N4N 2B3 North York ON M2J 4Z8 Mississauga ON L5N 5M2 New Rochelle NY 10804 519-364-7901 fax: 519-364-2510 416-490-3131 fax: 416-490-3147 800-701-7450 fax: 905-826-3288 914-738-0400

Blue Line Magazine 54 FEBRUARY 2005 CORPORATE LISTING PPM 2000 Inc. Rogue Modular Combat Systems Inc. Securesearch, Inc Sprinco USA 10088 - 102 Ave., #1307 1040 Martin Grove Road Unit 17 3500 Pharmacy Avenue Unit 4 7804 Danz Blvd. Edmonton AB T5J 2Z1 Etobicoke ON M9W 4W4 Scarborough ON M1W 2T6 Austin TX 78724 780-448-0616 fax: 780-448-0618 416-802-3757 fax: 416-241-3385 416-492-5349 fax: 416-492-3656 800-397-9530 fax: 888-443-8887 SEE AD PAGE 12 Prairie Geomatics Ltd Rothco SecuriSource Inc STC Footwear 5 Bison Drive 3015 Veterans Memorial Highway 800 Steeles Ave West Unit #B10-143 87 Main St. Minnedosa MB R0J 1E0 Ronkonkoma NY 11779 Thornhill ON L4J 7L2 Cambridge ON N1R 1W1 888-444-0302 fax: 204-867-5722 800-645-5195 fax: 631-585-9442 800-866-5166 fax: 416-226-5558 519-621-3182 fax: 519-621-3585

Precision Mounting Technologies Route 1 Inc. Security Equipment Corporation Steelite Tactical Gear 2322 49th Ave S.E. 165 Avenue Road, Suite 401 330 Sun Valley Circle 3016 Bur Oak Ave Calgary AB T2B 3E3 Toronto ON M5R 3S4 Fenton MO 63026 Markham ON L6B 1E3 403-216-5080 fax: 403-216-5088 416-848-8391 636-343-0200 fax: 636-343-1318 905-202-7919 Royal Roads University Stewart Products, Inc, Pride In Service Security Products International, Inc. P. O. Box 705 2005 Sooke Road 1552 E. Cedar St. Victoria BC V9B 5Y2 PO Box 475 Ontario CA 91761 Pickering ON L1V 3T3 Pottstown PA 19464 800-535-9735 fax: 905-576-2714 800-788-8028 fax: 250-391-2522 909-923-7070 fax: 909-923-7070 SEE AD PAGE 59 610-970-5150 fax: 610-970-9540 SEE AD PAGE 20,30 Stokes International PureEdge Solutions Seneca College 5225 Orbitor Drive Unit 6 4396 West Saanich Road S 13990 Dufferin Street Safariland Mississauga ON L4W 4Y8 Victoria BC V8Z 3E9 King City ON L7B 1B3 800-361-2277 fax: 888-333-7064 250-708-8000 fax: 250-479-3772 3120 E. Mission Blvd. 416-491-5050 fax: 905-833-2085 Ontario CA 91761 SEE AD PAGE 15 909-923-7300 fax: 909-923-7400 Strategic Education and Training PVP Communications Inc. Sherlock Anti-theft Marking Inc 83 Hedge Maple 2310 205th Street Safedesign Apparel Ltd 440 Ste-Helene Chatham ON N7L 5E4 Torrance CA 90501 Longueuil QC J4K 3R2 866-222-1800 fax: 866-405-8400 800-584-4119 fax: 310-212-5492 34 Torlake Cres Toronto ON M8Z 1B3 905-466-5207 fax: 450-647-0376 877-253-9122 fax: 416-253-0437 Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc Sierra Wireless 1 Lacey Place Q Safety Express Ltd. 13811 Wireless Way Southport CT 06890 4060B Sladeview Cres. Richmond BC V6V 3A4 203-259-7843 fax: 203-255-5201 Q-Star Technology (Canada) 604-231-1100 fax: 604-231-1109 PO Box 335 Mississauga ON L5L 5Y5 905-608-0111 fax: 905-608-0091 Super Seer Corporation Fairmont Hot Springs BC V0B 1L0 Signalscape, Inc. P.O. Box 700 866-349-5772 fax: 250-349-5773 SAGEM Morpho Inc 200 Regency Forest Drive Evergreen CO 80437 1145 Broadway Plaza Cary NC 27511 303-674-6663 fax: 303-674-8540 Tacoma WA 98402 919-859-4565 fax: 919-859-1098 800-346-2674 fax: 253-272-2934 Supergravity Incorporated R 255 Duncan Mill Road Skidcar System Canada Inc. R. Nicholls Distributors Inc. Salient Manufacturing & Security Products Suite 201 9813 116 Ave Toronto ON M3B 3H9 2475, rue de la Province 160 Main Street S Grande Prairie AB T8V 4B4 416-447-6566 fax: 416-447-2505 Longueuil QC V3W 0R8 Brampton ON L6W 4R1 780-832-8711 604-543-2360 fax: 450-442-9581 905-456-9258 fax: 905-456-9258 SureFire, LLC 18300 Mt. Baldy Circle Radio IP Software Inc Smiths Detection Fountain Valley CA 92708 Savage Range Systems, Inc. 30 Hook Mountain Road 740 Notre Dame St. W 100 Springdale Road 714-545-9444 fax: 714-545-9537 Montreal QC H3C 3X6 Pine Brook NJ 07058 Westfield MA 01085 973-830-2100 fax: 973-830-2200 514-890-6070 fax: 514 890-1332 413-568-7001 fax: 413-562-1152 Symbol Technologies Canada, ULC. SEE AD PAGE 11 5180 Orbitor Drive Ranger Security Detectors Sonitrol Security Systems Mississauga ON L4W 5L9 Schweizer Aircraft Corporation 1161 Pettit Road 11900 Montana Ave 1250 Schweizer Road 905-629-7226 fax: 905-629-9765 El Paso TX 79936 Burlington ON L7P 2K3 Horseheads NY 14845 905-319-1772 fax: 905-319-6545 915-590-4441 fax: 915-592-1043 607-739-3821 fax: 607-796-2488 Syscon Justice Systems 230-8211 Sea Island Way Rebanks Pepper Littlewood Architects SEALS Action Gear Southern ON Law Enf’t Training Assoc. Richmond BC V6X 2W3 402-1491 Yonge Street 4542 Manilla Road SE 5014 New Street, Suite 315 604-606-7650 fax: 604-606-7654 Toronto ON M4T 1Z4 Calgary AB T2G 4B7 Burlington ON L7L6E8 416-964-7163 fax: 416-964-5817 403-723-0222 fax: 403-692-0208 905-320-8093 fax: 905-632-5597 SEE AD PAGE 64 SEE AD PAGE 18 T Recognition Systems Search Systems Inc Spacesaver Corporation TAC ! Protective Apparel Ltd. 1520 Dell Avenue PO Box 80307 266 King Street East 798 Beatty Street Campbell CA 95008 Bakersfield CA 93380-0307 Toronto ON M5A 4L5 Vancouver BC V6B2M1 408-341-4100 fax: 408-341-4101 661-399-7107 fax: 661-399-3284 416-360-1022 fax: 416-360-7290 604-689-4860 fax: 604-689-4076 Recovery Force Inc. Second Chance Body Armor Specter Gear, Inc. Tac Wear Inc. 61 Freshmeadow Way 7915 Cameron St. 1107 E. Douglas Ave. 700 Progress Ave. Unit 7 Guelph ON N1K 1S1 Central Lake MI 49622 Visalia CA 93292 Scarborough ON M1H 2Z7 866-750-3169 fax: 519-767-6779 231-544-5721 fax: 231-544-9824 559-635-1172 fax: 559-553-8835 1-866-TACWEAR fax: 416-289-1522 SEE AD PAGE 31 RediAlert Secure Distributions Ltd Spiewak TacMed Training Inc. 200 9th. Ave. N. PO Box 3271 469 Seventh Ave #222 2570 King George Hwy Safety Harbor FL 34695 Mission BC V2V4J4 New York NY 10018 Surrey BC V4P 1H5 866-710-7334 fax: 727-797-7770 866-828-1557 fax: 604-820-1965 212-695-1620 fax: 212-629-4803 604-535-6419

Road Safety Network Secure Technologies International Inc. Spike Camp Tactical & Survival Specialties, Inc. 45 Sir Williams Lane 1807 St. Joseph Blvd., Unit 301 8003 Argyll Road P.O. Box 1890 Toronto ON M9A 1T9 Ottawa ON K1C 7C6 Edmonton AB T6C 4A9 Harrisonburg VA 22801 416-239-0070 fax: 416-237-0010 613-830-3131 fax: 613-830-5320 877-461-5700 fax:280-461-5700 877-535-8774 fax: 540-434-7796 SEE AD PAGE 45

Blue Line Magazine 55 FEBRUARY 2005 CORPORATE LISTING Tactical Command Industries Inc. ThunderWorks Mobile Engineering Uniform Uniforms Vostek Electronics 1872 Verne Roberts Circle 10729 Wheatlands Avenue 351 Canarctic Drive RPO 60043, 1032 Pape Ave Antioch CA 94509 Santee CA 92071 North York ON M3J 2P9 Toronto ON M4K 3Z3 925-756-7354 fax: 925-756-7977 619-596-1925 fax: 619-596-1909 416-663-6060 fax: 416-663-4484 416-486-7440 Taper International, Inc Time Domain Unity Manufacturing Company 235 East Penn Ave. 7057 Old Madison Pike 1260 N. Clybourn Avenue Southern Pines NC 28388 Huntsville AL 35806 Chicago IL 60610 W 800-628-6863 fax: 910-693-7537 256-922-9229 fax: 256-922-0387 312-943-5200 fax: 312-943-5681 Westcan Wireless 12540 - 129th Street TASER International, Inc. TMS Technologies Ltd. University of Guelph Edmonton AB T5L 4R4 7860 E McClain Dr 1-1680 Lloyde Ave Faculty of Management 780-451-2355 fax: 780-452-2080 Scottsdale AZ 85260-1627 North Vancouver BC V7P 2N6 Guelph ON N1G 2W1 800-978-2737 fax: 480-991-0791 604-904-8664 fax: 604-904-8664 888-622-2474 fax: 519-836-0661 Westervelt College SEE AD PAGE 41 1060 Wellington Road TOA Canada Corporation University of Guelph-Humber London ON N6E 3W5 TEAM-1 Emergency Services 519-668-2000 fax: 519-668-1616 1650 Upper Ottawa Street 6150 Kennedy Road, Unit 3 207 Humber College Blvd Hamilton ON L8W 3P2 Mississauga ON L5T 2J4 Toronto ON M9W 5L7 905-564-3570 fax: 905-564-3569 416-798-1331 fax: 416-798-3293 White Pine Productions 905-383-5550 fax: 905-574-9141 22 Nicholson Crescent Torfino Enterprises Inc USA Body Armor Minesing ON L0L 1Y0 TechAlt, Inc. 705-726-2459 3311 North Kennicott Avenue, Suite A 11924 Forest Hill Blvd 310 N. Indian Hill Blvd. Unit 241 Arlington Heights IL 60004 Wellington FL 33414-6258 Claremont CA CA 91711 561-790-0111 fax: 561-790-0080 866-577-8732 William Scully Ltd. 847-870-2616 fax: 847-398-1692 2090 Moreau Tri-Tech Inc. Montreal QC H1W 2M3 Teijin Twaron USA 4019 Executive Park Blvd. 514-527-9333 fax: 514-521-5942 801 F Blacklawn Road V Conyers GA 30012 Southport NC 28461 V Solutions Wilmac Canada, Ltd. 770-929-0781 fax:770-929-8138 910-457-6600 fax: 910-457-0094 208 S West Street 80 Richmond Street West SEE AD PAGE 57 Waupun WI 53963 Toronto ON M5H 2A4 Tektite Industries, Inc. Triform Business Systems Limited 920-324-4450 416-862-0123 fax: 416-862-1211 95 Doncaster Avenue 309 N. Clinton Avenue Thornhill ON L3T 1L6 Trenton NJ 08638-5122 Valley Associates Inc. Winner International 609-656-0600 fax: 609-656-0063 416-226-6000 fax: 800-563-1666 #3-860 Taylor Creek Drive 32 West State St SEE AD PAGE 26 Orleans ON K1C 1T1 Sharon PA 16146 Trijicon, Inc. 613-830-1880 fax: 613-830-3008 800-527-3345 fax: 724-983-4098 Telex Communications Inc. 49385 Shafer Ave. Land Mobile Group, Wixom MI 48393-0059 Vericom Computers, Inc Wintron Technologies 8601 East Cornhusker Hwy. 248-960-7700 fax: 248-960-7725 Lincoln NE 68507 14320 James Road 276 Spearing Street 800-752-7560 fax: 402-467-3279 Rogers MN 55374 Howard PA 16841 Triosyn Corp. 763-428-1381 fax: 763-428-4856 814-625-2720 fax: 814-625-2725 14163 Labelle Boulevard Tetragon Tasse SEE AD PAGE 65 Mirabel QC J7J 1M3 Versaterm Inc Wolverine Supplies 2378 Dunwin Dr 1-866-466-6099 fax: 450-434-9424 Mississauga ON L5L 1J9 2300 Carling Ave Box 729 800-387-6542 fax: 905-828-6390 Ottawa ON K2B 7G1 Virden MB R0M 2C0 Tripod Data Systems 613-820-0311 204-748-2454 fax: 204-748-1805 345 SW Avery Avenue SEE AD PAGE 23 The Backup Training Corporation Corvallis OR 97330 ViaStat Canada 421 E. Coeur d’Alene Avenue 541-753-9322 fax: 541-757-7439 Coeur D’ Alene ID 83814 45 Sir Williams Lane X 800-822-9398 fax: 208-765-1059 Toronto ON M9A 1T9 TTI Armory 416-239-0070 fax: 416-237-0010 Xanalys 14884 S. Heritagecrest Way, Ste A 400-1 Toten Pond Road The Ontario Glove Manufacturing Co Bluffdale UT 84065 VideoComm Technologies Waltham MA 02451 145 Northfield Drive West 801-545-0174 fax: 801-545-0176 407 Speers Road 877-926-2597 fax: 781-547-5565 Waterloo ON N2L 5J3 Oakville ON L6K 3T5 519-886-3590 fax: 519-886-3597 Tufloc 905-339-0366 fax: 905-339-1776 xwave 1406 Fifth Street SW 65 Iber Road Stittsville ON K2S lE7 The PERCS Index Inc Canton OH 44702 Viisage 535 san Remo Dr 330-452-9132 fax: 330-452-2557 296 Concord Road, Third Floor 613-831-0888 fax: 613-831-1836 Port Moody BC V3H 3S6 Billerica MA 01821 800-328-1388 fax: 604 469-7342 Turboflare Canada Inc 978-932-2200 fax: 978-932-2225 1420-4th ave N.W. Z The Shooting Edge Drumheller AB T0J 0Y1 Viking Police & Security Co Zaviation Inc. 4 510-77 Ave SE 403-321-0127 fax: 403-823-3484 6 Orquel Crt. PO Box 143 Calgary AB T2H 1C3 Dartmouth NS B2W4Z3 Mississauga ON L4T 3B5 403-720-4867 fax: 403-720-8147 TurtleSkin Gloves by Warwick Mills 902-435-8322 fax: 902-435-7427 905-495-8441 fax: 416-946-1509 301 Turnpike Road Think-Digital New Ipswich NH 03071 Vindicator Technologies Zebra Card Printer Solutions 1198 Royal York Rd. 603-878-1565 fax: 603-878-4306 5307 Industrial Oaks 1001 Flynn Street Toronto ON M9A 4B3 Austin TX 78735 Camarillo CA 93012 416-231-6196 U 512-301-8400 fax: 512-301-8401 805-579-1800 fax: 805-579-1808 Thomson Nelson UK Products Canada Inc Voice Print International Zoll Canada 1120 Birchmount Rd., 16652-117 Avenue 975 Flynn Road 5266 General Road, Unit 15 Toronto ON M1K 5G4 Edmonton AB T5M 3W2 Camarillo CA 93012 Mississauga ON L4W-1Z7 800-268-2222 fax: 800-430-4445 780-484-2350 800-200-5430 905-629-5005 fax: 905-629-0575 SEE AD PAGE 41 SEE AD PAGE 29 Thorlo Uncle Mike’s Law Enforcement VoiceGate Corporation ZyLAB North America #150-34 Eglinton Ave., West 1710 Red Soils Ct. 550 Alden Road 1600 Tysons Blvd Toronto ON M4R 2H6 Oregon City OR 97045 Markham ON L3R 6A8 McLean VA 22102 416-484-7386 fax: 416-484-9870 503-557-0536 905-513-1403 fax: 905-479-6999 866-995-2262

Blue Line Magazine 56 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 57 FEBRUARY 2005 You’ve been phished! customers to do their on-line banking. by Tom Rataj In most cases, customers access their As if viruses, Trojan horses, spyware accounts from only a few computers, such and plain old spam weren’t enough to as those at their home or office. Each time annoy and harass Internet users, the they log in, the bank’s system records their growing criminal scam known as IP address; if the customer suddenly starts ‘phishing’ is rapidly taking a logging-in from different addresses, it’s multimillion dollar toll on individuals, possible their access information has been corporations and the banking industry. stolen or compromised. Bank systems alert staff to this and The scam other banking behaviour changes; the bank In its simplest form, the ‘phish’ starts then contacts the customer directly to out as an unsolicited e-mail message, gen- verify that the new and unusual activity is erally appearing to originate from a well- legitimate. known online retailer or bank. It looks of- Challenge-based e-mail filtering tech- ficial and indicates that the business is verify- nologies, which automatically e-mail the ing account, credit card or other banking in- sender of a suspicious incoming e-mail and formation. ask for verification of their identity, also help To assist in the process, the e-mail includes to protect against phishing scams. Other tech- a hyperlink to what appears to be a page on nologies now being developed validate e- the institution’s web site and includes fields that everything is legitimate. It uses much of mails against a list of verified e-mail systems, for the user to enter credit card numbers (with the same technology used by the real corpora- domains or IP addresses. Microsoft is cur- expiry dates) and other associated passwords tion and convincingly steps the customer rently working on Sender ID technology, or personal identification numbers (PIN). It through the data collection process. The data which verifies that every e-mail actually origi- may also request your name, address, phone they enter is used to produce fraudulent credit nated from the domain it appears to be coming number, Social Insurance Number (SIN) and cards. from, again by checking against a list of veri- other personal information. Other personal information collected is fied servers. Once the form is completed, clicking the used in a wide variety of other scams, includ- ‘send’ or ‘submit’ button finishes the transac- ing defrauding welfare and other government Losses tion and generates a thank-you screen. The un- programs and obtaining fraudulent travel docu- Some 200,000 Canadians have been tar- suspecting customer (read victim) has just been ments (such as passports). geted by phishing scams in the last year alone, successfully phished, hook, line and sinker! according to estimates by the RCMP and Visa Detection Canada and at least 13,000 have had their iden- The truth The unsuspecting consumer can very eas- tities stolen, resulting in some $21.5 million in What is really going on is that the e-mail ily be taken in by any of these phishing scams, losses. actually originates with an organised crime however there are some fairly obvious clues The numbers are even higher in the US, organisation, frequently based in Eastern Eu- to look for which suggest something is not where a Sept. 2004 survey found that 76 per rope and Russia. The message is carefully right. One of the most common is poor gram- cent of Americans online reported receiving crafted to look official, while the included mar and spelling, which is often seen both in an increased number of phishing or spoofing hyperlink actually directs the user to a cloned the original e-mail and on the fake web site. attempts. It estimated losses at $500 million web site operated by the criminal organisation. Most up-to-date e-mail software will automati- (US). Another study, released in June 2004, This works because a hyperlink actually con- cally capture inbound phishing e-mails before put the number of Americans victimized at al- sists of two distinct parts; the displayed text, they hit your inbox, because they generally fit most two million and total loses for the previ- which can consist of any words, phrases or within a ‘spam’ profile. ous 12 months at $2.4 billion US. symbols and the programming ‘code’ behind Canadian banks also employ a number of Unfortunately these statistics are only es- it, which contains the actual address. methods to detect fraudulent banking activi- timates. Tracking actual loses is difficult be- The cloned web site, with its official look- ties on customer accounts. One of the simplest cause, as with other frauds, many victims ei- ing address and copied corporate logos, com- involves tracking the Internet Protocol (IP) ther don’t realize that they’ve been took or are pletes the phish by convincing the customer address of the computers regularly used by too embarrassed to report the crime. It’s always interesting to watch criminals and criminal organisations copy the creativity and ingenuity used by legitimate businesses. While the Internet is a fantastic business opportunity for legitimate businesses and con- sumers, it’s also increasingly becoming a fantastic ‘business’ opportunity for criminals. Public education efforts by police, Internet-based businesses and financial institutions will help keep this burgeoning criminal enterprise at bay. Improvements in computer technology, particularly transaction monitoring and analysis, will also help prevent losses and assist in apprehending and prosecut- ing cyber criminals. You can reach Tom Rataj at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 58 FEBRUARY 2005 February 18-29 & February 25-27 Department of Criminal Justice, and the Justice Institute of April 26 & 27 Introduction to Human Osteology British Columbia Police Academy. Contact: Vivienne Chin Officer Safety & Situational Awareness The course concentrates on developing and increasing at 604.859.6640, [email protected] or visit www.fvlec.org . Markham, ON expertise in the identification of human remains. For de- This 2-day training course for security and municipal tails and registration: http://www.arch-research.com/ April 27 & 28 law enforcement officers includes basic handcuffing cer- Forensics.htm or contact Paul at pracher@arch- 9th Annual Blue Line Trade Show research.com . Markham ON tification. Focusing on anticipated new provincial regu- Trade Show for law enforcement personnel from across lations on licensing requirements for security officers, February 21 - 25, 2005 Canada to view and purchase a wide spectrum of products this in depth training will give the officers the necessary “The Forensic Factor: The Invisible Clues” and services of the latest technology in the law enforce- foundation to effectively do their job. Topics include: po- Toronto, ON ment industry. Admission is free by pre-registration. Simul- sitioning tactics, critical distances and personal space, Hosted by Toronto Police Forensic Identification Serv- taneous 2 day conference with 4 training seminars requires distraction methods for slowing attackers and basic ices, the 19th annual training conference will be held at separate pre-registration and fee. grounding and takedowns. Course details and registra- the Travelodge Hotel, 2737 Keele Street, Toronto, ON. See topics below. Registration and information at: tion at: www.blueline.ca or email Early registration rates will be available. For registration www.blueline.ca, email [email protected] or 905 640 3048. [email protected] or 905-640-3048. and contact: www.torontopolice.on.ca/forensics/ seminar.html or [email protected] or call April 26 or 27, 9:30 - 12:30 May 3 - 6 Det/Sgt Dennis Buligan 416-808-6861. Unmasking Urban Graffiti II Markham, ON 7th Annual Int’l Fugitive Investigators Conference March 5 – 6 This new half-day training seminar is an award winning blue- Sheridan Centre Hotel, Toronto Human Remains Recovery – Winter Scene print of how police services and community partners can Co-hosted by the Toronto Police Fugitive Squad and A two-day recovery course will focus on methods for the win the war on graffiti vandalism. Delivered by Heinz Kuck, the United States Marshal Service. Contact and infor- identification and recovery of human remains in a rural internationally recognized as Canada’s authority on graffiti mation: www.torontopolice.on.ca under seminars and winter setting. For details and registration: http:// eradication. Information and registration at: www.blueline.ca conferences; or the Toronto Fugitive Squad 416-808- www.arch-research.com/Forensics.htm or contact Paul or email [email protected], 905-640-3048. 5930; or [email protected] . at [email protected] . April 26 & 27 May16 - 20 March 12 - 15 Investigative Interviewing Composite Drawing Course Fraser Valley Law Enforcement Conference Markham, ON Winnipeg, MB Abbotsford, BC A 2-day intensive training course is a must for profession- Theme: Mass Murder in the Home, the School, and the als who want to take their investigative skills to the next Hosted by the Winnipeg Police Service, the course is Workplace: Spree Killers and Annihilators. Presented by level. Delivered by Gord MacKinnon author of the book introductory level for law enforcement officers and taught the combined police agencies of Abbotsford, Delta, New Investigative Interviewing. Course details and registration by Stuart Parks Forensic Associates. Cost is $650 with Westminster, and Port Moody, British Columbia, in part- at: www.blueline.ca or email travel and accommodation extra. Reply to nership with the University College of the Fraser Valley [email protected] or 905-640-3048. [email protected]. before March 15, 2005.

Thieves turn stolen cars into missiles WINNIPEG — Thieves are turning stolen cars into driv- erless missiles, sending them down streets and into buildings in more than one prairie province, say police. “I can tell you that it goes way beyond what the public sees,” an unnamed police officer told a Winni- peg newspaper. “I can think of 15 cars easily in the past two weeks which I have recovered (that have) had their accelerator pedals jammed and sent flying down back lanes and highways, across lakes and ditches, ending up crashing through homeowner’s fences, garages and property.” On Dec. 27, three vehicles were set running, the first of which caused $50,000 in damage to an apart- ment building when it crashed into a ground-floor suite, landing in a bed that was empty only because the ten- ant had gone to visit relatives for the holidays. Shortly after, someone jammed a snow scraping brush onto the gas pedal of another stolen vehicle and rammed it into a building. About 25 minutes after that, a school parking lot was used as a launching pad to send a flaming vehicle into the garage of a home across the street. On Dec. 17, thieves jammed the gas pedals on four vehicles and launched them onto the Assiniboine River. No one was injured in any of the incidents, but Barry Ward, executive director of the National Com- mittee to Reduce Auto Theft, said that it’s only a matter of time before one of these vehicles crashes into innocent bystanders. Edmonton police have also been searching for thieves who crashed stolen cars into four businesses over the holiday season. On Boxing Day, another empty car, also with the gas pedal pressed to the floor, crashed through the window of a beauty shop. A week earlier, a Dodge smashed through the storefront of a convenience store. A rock was placed on the gas pedal and a plastic Santa was placed behind the wheel. Police believe the same suspects may be responsible for all of the Edmonton crashes.

Blue Line Magazine 59 FEBRUARY 2005 Dealing with workplace violence by Mike Burgess of them. If not, I suggest they now know where their training standard The number of workplace violence needs to be. incidents the security industry has had to deal with have increased significantly New federal law in the past few years, despite the intro- Bill C-45 amended the Criminal duction of zero tolerance policies and Code, particularly section 217.1, which tougher laws. Some individuals are un- now reads: able to control their emotions under Every one who undertakes or has stress, despite the repercussions. the authority to direct how another Security has to deal with these is- person does work or performs a task sues until police arrive, and response is under a legal duty to take reason- times, despite their best efforts, are get- able steps to prevent bodily harm to ting longer. This begs the question of that person, or any other person, aris- how much training security is given in ing from that work or task. dealing with and recognizing the early In light of this change, I strongly signs of escalating violent situations. Photo: Sara Hoffman advise supervisors, senior management and risk managers to not sit back and Risk management risk becoming a test case in federal The old mentality of ‘observe and report’ federal standard for security officers. This will court. Become proactive about training, raise simply is not realistic or practical anymore. become, at the very least, a ‘best practice’ and awareness levels and do all you can to ensure That type of thinking and risk management likely a mandatory minimum standard which the personal safety of your staff! only serves to increase the risks when an un- will be copied by all provinces. trained individual encounters a violent situa- Many have asked me what I consider an Better equipment tions. The direct consequence of this age old acceptable level of training for a general secu- Better equipment can go a long way to- attitude is mandatory training and licensing rity officer – a level that demonstrates due dili- wards increasing safety, but it’s less than half under pending legislation, such as Ontario’s gence by an employer. My answer, not with- the equation and not a good replacement for Bill 159. standing pending mandatory standards, is to proper awareness and skills training. In light of the Shand inquest and rapidly advise them to examine six serious incidents Getting new and more efficient equipment changing role of modern security practition- that have occurred in the last five years or so – without training is a bit like putting bush bars ers, the Canadian General Standards Board met and consider whether their greenest, least ca- on the front of a big four wheel drive truck in November, 2004 to begin overhauling the pable security officer could have handled most and then letting your 14 year old son drive it;

Blue Line Magazine 60 FEBRUARY 2005 the bars add a certain measure of safety, but also give him a false sense of security, and won’t be much help if he rolls it over in the water or gets hit broadside by a train. Workplace Health & Safety Crimes Equipment is not a substitute for good personal safety, situational awareness, appropriate phasis on the Westray mine disaster. proactive violence prevention or non-violent in- Written by: Norm Keith The author then directs our attention to the tervention training. Yes it can help, but it is very Published by: Butterworths Publishing law of criminal negligence in Chapter three, limited and not something to bet the farm on. Reviewed by: Gilles Renaud followed by a detailed analysis of the legisla- Let’s not put the cart before the horse. Only tion in chapter four. The next chapter is enti- 15 per cent of a person’s ability to be effective Police and other investigative agencies tled “Understanding Canadian Occupational on the job comes from a book or policy – the throughout Canada will welcome the publica- Health and Safety Law” and offers a valuable remainder is the ability to handle people – so tion of this valuable 193 page guide to both examination of the various legislative schemes why is so much attention focussed on creating the recent ground breaking and of the philosophies that animate these at- new policies, making public statements about amendments to the Criminal Code tempts to regulate and to protect zero tolerance and academic information ses- touching upon safety in Canadian both workers and Canadians in sions for staff? I’ll bet security companies workplaces and, of no less signal general from preventable injuries spend more on firewalls for office computers importance, to the laws of occu- and deaths. Finally, chapter six than training and improving their officers’ abil- pational health and safety (OHS). sets out a general review of the ity to handle difficult people on the job. The author is an experienced criminal justice system, which litigator who is a well-recognized most experienced police officers Cost effective delivery vs. authority on the question of OHS will have gained by reason of their due diligence and he brings a wealth of practi- training and experience, but They say that ‘to know and not to do is cal experience and academic which is helpful nonetheless. not to know.’ If the potential for violence ex- knowledge honed by two earlier At the end of the day, read- ists in your workplace and nothing is done and successful books to the aid ers will have gained a thorough about it – or you or your employer try to make of those charged with investigat- understanding of the newly-en- excuses about time or money for appropriate ing allegations of injuries or acted law as well as a far bet- training – you need to reconsider the legal and death in work sites in Canada. At ter understanding of criminal civil consequences. If you are doing something a time when the very nature of the potential negligence and corporate crime as those con- to address it, the next thing to consider is cost prosecution of employers for injuries or fatali- cepts are not defined, not to mention Cana- effective delivery vs. due diligence. This raises ties caused to both those employed and the dian OHS laws. more questions. members of the public who are found there has Of interest, one of the questions that will Are in-house trainers better than contract undergone a revolutionary change, with the no doubt come to mind in reading this book is consultants? What are acceptable, minimum hope that no further Westray-type disasters will whether the fundamental nature of police work standards for trainers? Do they have first hand occur in the future, Mr. Keith’s book comes as itself must be re-evaluated in light of Parlia- experience dealing with violent incidents re- a welcome source of guidance and direction. ment’s direction that employers must take rea- latable to your circumstances? Do they have Workplace Health and Safety Crimes con- sonable steps to ensure the safety of workers. the background to teach this subject? tains six chapters and is followed by three ap- Whether this will result in increased staffing In house trainers may be the cheapest ap- pendices notably the text of Bill C-45. Of spe- levels, better equipment, improved training, proach to training, but are they enough to re- cial interest are the first two that serve to in- and superior “after-event” analysis remains to fute a charge that what you’re providing is a troduce the subject matter and provide a back- be seen, but such steps must be considered if ‘marked departure’ from that of other employ- ground to the legislation with particular em- the legislation is to be respected. ers? These questions will certainly come under the legal microscope in civil actions, criminal negligence or labour board investigations. I read recently that much of our knowledge about what goes on in the world is tainted and even untrue. We filter information, compare it to what we think is normal or acceptable and tend not to believe that incidents actually occur unless they happen to us or someone we know. This is a result of living and growing up in our own piece of the world and not asking enough questions to expand our perceptions. We do not see the world as it is but as we are, based on where we came from and our experiences. Consider your options carefully, ask a lot of questions and make an informed decision based on the facts instead of what you or your employers think may work.

Mike Burgess, the managing director of Burgess and Associates, is a recognized authority on use of force, managing violent behaviour and preventing violence in the workplace and has 25 years experience in the law enforcement field. He can be reached at [email protected] . He will conduct an officer safety and situational awareness training course at the Blue Line Trade Show – visit www.blueline.ca/tradeshow to register or for more information.

Blue Line Magazine 61 FEBRUARY 2005 Stencil graffiti – the emerging urban shadow by Heinz Kuck Our urban environment has always been a unique and powerful stage for graffiti writers – a canvas where they continually transmit their personal vi- sions, at the same visual level as corporate or government messages. Various styles and trends have dominated our urban landscapes over the past few years. Em- pirical evidence shows ‘hip hop’ graffiti represents over 80 per cent of the graffiti vandalism we’re exposed to; styles such cil from plastic, cardboard, or aluminum. It is as gang and hate crime graffiti each equate to then held against the target surface and aero- less that five per cent of what we see. Over the sol paint sprayed through it. The end result is past year a new trend and cutting edge style, an iconographic or pictographic representation ‘stencil graffiti, has grown exponentially aimed at provoking thought or inciting reac- throughout Canada. tion from all those who pass by. Who better to describe this new style than Whether used to propagate activism, an- one of its fervent practitioners, ‘Bansky’. archy or aesthetics, stencil graffiti, it should “As soon as I cut my first stencil I could be remembered, is still nothing more than mis- feel the power, the ruthlessness, the politi- chief to property and must be met with both cal edge. All graffiti is low level dissent, but tireless enforcement activity and dedicated stencils have an extra history; they’ve been eradication efforts. used to start revolutions and to stop wars.” Watch the shadows, for it’s coming your way! (Manco. 2002) This new form of vandalism is poised more S/Sgt. Heinz Kuck will be presenting a number of polic- toward using graffiti as a controlled commu- ing theories, including stencil graffiti, April 26 and 27 at the nication tool, rather than using it to self-ag- Blue Line Trade Show. Visit www.blueline.ca/tradeshow grandize the individual tagger. to register or for more information. Kuck can be contacted The writer takes great care to cut the sten- at 416 808-5354.

Blue Line Magazine 62 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 63 FEBRUARY 2005 Auxiliary officers are a valuable resource by Joanne Steventon must have a desire to become a police officer. McKenna says that most of his auxiliaries al- PEI resident Greg McCormick always as- ready have full time jobs, ranging from ac- pired to be an RCMP officer, but when he fell countants to farmers. This is just an exciting just short of the medical requirements due to way to contribute to the community through an eye problem, settled for a position as a 911 volunteering. telecommunications operator. Unlike candy stripers, auxiliary volunteers This didn’t mean he would never get a taste accept some risk, which comes with being a of what it’s like beyond civilian life. For a mini- police officer. McKenna says that while auxil- mum commitment of 100 volunteer hours a iaries are not supposed to be exposed to dan- year, McCormick is given a uniform, passen- gerous situations, sometimes it’s unavoidable. ger seat in a police cruiser and the title of aux- “If you’re on route to a complaint and you iliary constable. get a call on the radio that there is violence “I think it was one of the best decisions involved, the auxiliaries are not supposed to I’ve ever made. It’s the best of both worlds,” Photos: Roxanne Ouellette, RCMP be exposed to it,” he says, “but a lot of times he says. “I guess it’s just given me a better there’s a decision – ‘do we take this person to appreciation for what goes on the other side of growing. S/Sgt. Jerry McKenna, the provin- the call or leave them on the side of the road?’” a police radio.” cial program coordinator, says he hopes that McCormick says he hasn’t been con- Since 1963 the auxiliary program has given number will soon grow to 70. fronted with any violent situations in his five people across Canada the opportunity to vol- “We’ll be training a new batch in the fall. years as an auxiliary officer, but has been the unteer for their local RCMP detachments as We just started the application process,” says first to call backup on some occasions. support for regular members. There are cur- McKenna. “We trained 13 new ones this year “I’ve never been downright scared for my rently auxiliary officers serving in every prov- and 24 new ones last year, so we have a fair life, where I wish I had a gun. No, I’ve never ince except Ontario and Quebec. number of new auxiliaries.” been in one of those scenarios,” he says, “how- These volunteer members are used pre- Many current auxiliaries are really keen; ever, I’ve been in situations where I just don’t dominantly for assisting regular members in a couple have volunteered over 400 hours in feel like something’s right.” crowd and traffic control, during special events the past year, McKenna notes, and McCormick McKenna says that he doesn’t know of any and peacetime emergencies or during searches puts in at least 200 hours. serious incidents involving auxiliaries and vio- for lost persons. In order to find suitable candidates, the lent confrontations in PEI and notes there were Their specific responsibilities vary day to recruiting process for auxiliaries is similar to none in Newfoundland for the 20 years he was day. McCormick says it changes depending on regular members, though not as extensive. stationed there. which member he is assigned to work with. They must go through an interview, security There has recently been some concern that “Basically, I pretty much do what I’m told. If clearance and medical and individuals with a a change in uniforms may make auxiliaries a he needs me to do something, then I’ll do it,” criminal record are not accepted. Emergency target for disorderly individuals. Their uni- he says. response workers aren’t accepted either, to forms used to be nearly indistinguishable from McCormick and a regular member did seat avoid conflicts in emergency situations where regular members but a policy change last year belt checks at a special event on his last shift. auxiliaries are often relied on. requires that there now be a discernable dif- He watched passengers while the member Individuals planning to become regular ference. The yellow stripe on their pants and spoke to the driver and kept his eyes opened members aren’t accepted into the RCMP aux- yellow band on their hat was removed and they for anything suspicious, such as alcohol. He iliary program in other provinces, but PEI now have a large auxiliary patch on the back also ran queries for the officer and communi- changed that policy and readily accepts them. of their jacket and rain coats and a small one cated their location to the comm centre. “It’s going to help them in training and it’s on the front. After completing four days of training, aux- also going to allow us to look at auxiliaries to “It has caused some problems,” says iliaries are given the powers of a peace officer. see if we think they’d be good as members McKenna. “We knew it likely would when the They aren’t allowed to tote a firearm or write a down the road,” says McKenna. uniform was changed because they stand out ticket but they can write a warning ticket, make It also helps the potential member decide that much more now, but it hasn’t been too bad.” an arrest and play a significant role. if they really want to make policing their ca- The bulk of the problems occur late at night In PEI, the auxiliary force is almost two reer. Six to eight PEI auxiliaries have decided with intoxicated individuals, who have a ten- thirds the size of the regular force. With 100 to go to ‘depot’ in the last three years. dency to be a bit more difficult with volunteer front line members, there are currently about McKenna notes. officers, but he says it usually doesn’t go fur- 58 auxiliary members and the group is still This doesn’t mean potential volunteers ther than just a few nasty names. The auxiliary program has been on the island since the ’60s, so PEI residents have had years to get used to the presence of volunteer officers. Many auxiliaries work in small communities, so they are known even without the conspicuous auxiliary patch. McKenna says that most residents are grateful for the auxiliary program, due to the sacrifices that would have to be made without it. During the summer, a group of PEI auxiliaries helped with the Red Cross multi-sport relay event. The Ministry of Transportation required the Red Cross to have police supervised traffic control before it would grant a permit to use the roads. “Without the auxiliary program, the detachment wouldn’t be able to provide that be-

Blue Line Magazine 64 FEBRUARY 2005 CHARLOTTETOWN — Island police offic- 2003 a total of 207 Islanders were sentenced ers were handed new powers in December to to an average of two nights in jail for drunk cap bootleggers. driving. Most other provinces hand out fines The new legislation more than doubles the for first time impaired drivers, which is the fines for first time offences, allowing police smallest penalty allowed under the law. to enter homes of people suspected of selling The PEI policy helps give the island the liquor illegally without a warrant and provid- country’s highest incarceration rate at 58 per ing police with the power to seize anything cent. The national rate is 35 per cent. in those homes. *** Mike Currie, the minister responsible for OTTAWA — A new medal has been created the Liquor Control Commission, said the to honour peace officers province is reacting to concerns raised from employed in agencies residents, police and municipalities across that deal with issues such cause they simply wouldn’t have the man- the Island. as borders, parks, fisher- power,” says McCormick, which might have Fines for selling liquor illegally will increase ies, environment and im- meant canceling the event. from $2,000 to $5,000 for a first time offence. migration. Governor Auxiliaries are also a valuable source of Those charged will now have to appear in court. General Adrienne information for new members to the force, Up until December, bootleggers could pay their Clarkson announced the since they can tell them about community is- fine much like somebody pays a parking ticket. award in December. sues and things they may need to look out for. If a bootlegger refuses to pay his fines, he could “I am delighted that the Peace Officer Ex- McCormick is modest about his personal end up in jail, said the report. emplary Service Medal will be awarded to contribution to the RCMP, saying he’s just The changes will also allow the courts to individuals who contribute to the public good,” doing something he wouldn’t have been able designate a bootlegger’s house or place of Clarkson was quoted as saying. to do otherwise. business as a prohibited premise that will pre- “Together with all Canadians, I offer my “You know, giving up 200 hours for some- vent anybody from delivering, possessing, deep gratitude for their commitment, dedica- thing that I enjoy really isn’t a big deal for me,” selling, purchasing or even consuming alco- tion and caring, for the building of links be- he says. “I think that’s the case with most of hol on that premise. tween the members of their professions and the auxiliaries.” *** the communities they serve.” OTTAWA — A new Statistics Canada report The medal was created to recognize peace This article was reprinted from the Fall 2004 RCMP says nine out of every 10 PEI motorists caught officers employed for at least 20 years in pro- Quarterly. Joanne Steventon is a recent graduate from drinking and driving for the first time go to tecting the safety and security of the public in the Carleton School of Journalism. She currently works jail. Island judges are tougher than their coun- Canada and who have performed their duties as an editor for an Ottawa engineering company and terparts in other provinces. They jailed even in an exemplary manner. It’s the sixth medal freelances in her spare time. Comments can be sent to first time drunk drivers in the 1980’s in an at- in the family of Exemplary Service Medals. [email protected]. tempt to lower impaired driving rates. During The honour may be awarded posthumously. New resources now available on Blue Line website Readers of Blue Line Magazine’s case law case law links page also refines on this tool are receiving a convenient new tool for their re- through pre-linked pages in order by province. search that can be reached through the maga- If a user can’t find the information they seek, zine’s resource-filled website. they can simply visit the public chat forums and Case law, one of Blue Line’s most popular ask for help from over 1,500 registered mem- regular features, has a comprehensive links sec- bers across Canada participating in law enforce- tion on Blue Line’s web site at www.blueline.ca. ment discussions. This new feature allows visitors to conveniently Among the web site’s many other offerings access web sites often used in researching or is detailed information on the annual Blue Line studying case law across Canada. Trade Show. Readers can find out the date and The case law links are part of the web location of the show as well as receive clear di- site’s new design launched in November rections. There is also a listing of which training 2004. The redesigned webpage offers over courses are available and directions are given on 3,700 indexed resource links relating to jus- how to sign up. For people who wish to visit the tice and law enforcement. show, they can register for free online as well. Previews of each new issue are also posted An easy to use section of the website also every month to the homepage where visitors can provides visitors with all the tools they need to read the feature story, a new case law article learn about advertising with Blue Line. The Blue and new commentaries. 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Blue Line Magazine 65 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 66 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 67 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 68 FEBRUARY 2005 Fertilizer for bombs warning issued The publication Vancouver Magazine recently selected Vancouver Police Chief OTTAWA — The Canadian Fertilizer Institute is warning its Alberta RCMP Corporal Wayne Oakes said Cana- Jamie Graham as the 15th most members about a suspicious attempt to buy a large amount dian intelligence officers were consulting with US offi- powerful person in the city. The of a fertilizer chemical that can be used to make bombs. cials. American authorities say the suspect made sev- The institute forwarded an alert that Natural Re- eral Internet e-mail inquiries to vendors seeking to buy Chief submitted the following let- sources Canada received from the US to its 42 mem- between 500 and 1,000 tonnes of the chemical. That is ter in appreciation and recogni- bers in January. US authorities were checking a report a larger quantity than Timothy McVeigh used to bomb tion of the magazine’s reality from a Canadian company that a man with possibly the Oklahoma City federal building in April 1995 but check of community standards. phony construction credentials tried to buy a large smaller than amounts companies typically might buy in “I would like to applaud the cour- amount of ammonium nitrate - the chemical used to blow bulk for construction, explosives or farm work. age you demonstrated recently in up the Oklahoma City federal building. The ATF was asking the US fertilizer and explosives listing Hell’s Angel John Bryce as However, they say there’s no indication yet that ter- industries to help locate the man and to report any sus- the 11th most powerful person in the city of Vancouver. rorism is involved. The institute is asking fertilizer com- picious inquiries for the fertilizer chemical ammonium ni- Writing as Number 15 on your list, I can only presume panies to identify any customers they aren’t familiar with. trate, which is used to make so-called fertilizer bombs. that you recognize the greater power of Bryce’s outlaw Dealers are also being asked to flag any purchases that The International Society of Explosives Engineers, motorcycle gang/organized crime connections. I don’t may be suspicious - like deals where the buyer is in a based in Cleveland, also sent an e-mail in January alert- have to tell you that others in the media who exposed hurry to pay cash, or the amount of chemical requested ing its members and asking them to call the ATF to re- members of the Hell’s Angels have placed themselves seems wrong for the job cited. port any suspicious activity. in great jeopardy of reprisals from people who consider murder and intimidation a normal part of doing business. Your choice was astute and reflects a view of our value systems, society and its problems seldom seen in the Vancouver media. Good luck.” Jamie H. Graham, Chief Constable Vancouver Police Department (VPD)

Chief Superintendent Larry Beechey has been appointed the OPP’s new Eastern Region Commander. Beechey has obtained an extensive background in all facets of policing during his 24-year policing career and has gained extensive experience in First Nations Policing, municipal contracts and finance. He arrived in Eastern Ontario in 1997 as commander in charge of all Ottawa area detachments. In 1999 he moved to Eastern Region Headquarters; his most recent position being the Director of Support Services for East- ern Ontario. One of his many responsibilities included the amalgamation of Provincial Communications Cen- tres (PCCs) within the province. Beechey succeeds deputy commissioner Jay Hope, who was recently promoted to deputy commissioner, strategic services. . The Saskatoon Police Commission has agreed to a request to submit a plan to restore confidence in city police. Justice Minister Frank Quennell made the request in October after a report on how police handled the case of Neil Stonechild, an abo- riginal teen who froze to death in 1990. The judge who headed the inquiry into Stonechild’s death stopped short of blaming officers for abandoning him in a Saskatoon industrial area where his body was found. Justice David Wright con- cluded that police prematurely closed the investigation into the case, likely because the detective leading it was aware that members of the force could have been involved in the boy’s death. The plan calls for more understanding for minorities in the community and to attract more minorities as officers.

Regina’s police chief says gang and drug-related ac- tivities are among the reasons for an increase in the city’s murder rate last year. Cal Johnston says there have been nine homicides in the first 10 months of the year, compared to five in the same period in 2003. Incidences of attempted murders were also up, to 12 cases in the first 10 months of 2004 compared to four in the same period in 2003. While Johnston didn’t quote any specific percentages, he says it is clear that some of the increased murders are related to gang activity and to the trade in illicit drugs.

Blue Line Magazine 69 FEBRUARY 2005 Police use of force What the public doesn’t understand by Mark Bloxham Do we automatically Perhaps they view po- tell a doctor they’re lice use of force the same I am troubled by the media and public’s wrong when they refer a way they observe sport. perception of police use of force. Most people patient to a specialist or We learn about fair play will never be burdened with controlling resis- assume a lawyer is mis- and sportsmanship in tive or violent behaviour; they go about their taken when they make western society and peo- everyday lives without ever having to consider recommendations on a le- ple must learn that this has such a visceral, dangerous situation. gal matter? Do you ignore nothing to do with the re- As a police officer assigned to my agency’s an electrician when he ality of policing. There are training section, nothing makes me more con- recommends rewiring no ‘Marcus of Queensbury tent then the thought of average people safe and your home because it’s a rules.’ When a person secure in their home, away from the violent re- fire hazard? These profes- chooses to resist or assault alities of the street. However, the issues of po- sionals have the educa- police, the officer must re- lice use of force are prevalent in our society and tion, training, certifica- spond in an immediate and frequently seen on television and the movies. tions and experience to decisive manner – and the Police using force is a primary form of know what they’re talking about and we force of their response must be greater then Hollywood entertainment and features promi- should at least consider their advice when that used by the subject. nently in the media’s reporting of incidents. forming our own opinion. If it is not, the officer will not control the As a result, the average person is left with Use of force issues are no different, ex- situation and end the confrontation. The result many skewed ideas about what happens in cept for people’s emotional response when they will be increased risk of injury to the public, real life situations. see violence. Watching one person use force subject and the officer. People should remem- Most people who see a police officer ‘use against another is, in many cases, unpleasant. ber that what they’re seeing is not a hockey force’ will immediately make a judgement Even when the action – firmly grabbing onto game or Australian rules rugby, but actions about whether it was reasonable; this is the someone, pushing, taking them to the ground taken by a professional who’s making life and reality of a good and free society. Police serve or striking them – is legally mandated and jus- death decisions, in a matter of seconds, in vola- the people and, as a result, are accountable to tified, the visual actions will be considered tile, spontaneous and rapidly evolving situa- them for their actions – for me to suggest oth- ‘violent, ugly or undignified’ by portions of tions. Although bystanders are observing the erwise would be inappropriate – but how quali- society. This is the reality of living in a diverse ‘force action,’ the officer is making decisions fied is the average person to judge whether and peaceful community – the average person based on the totality of circumstances, taking force is justified? rarely or never sees these situations in real life. into account all the variables the average person may be unaware of. These may include previous knowledge about the subject, criminal history, the crime involved, circumstances, access to weapons, 21st Century Coatings 44 Integral Designs 43 existence of evidence, drugs, alcohol, size and 911 Supply 10 International Road Dynamics 47 ability of the subject in comparison to the of- Accident Support Services 20 IPA 49 ficer, existence and proximity of other subjects, Alasdair Cook & Associates 45 LETS 18 environment, light and surface conditions and Alpine Joe 28 Maritime Service Police & Security 47 the officers energy depletion. These are just Artcal Graphics 24 Matte Industries 22 some of the factors involved in making deci- Atlantic Police & Security 60 MD Charlton 38 sions to use force. Bell Mobility 4 Medtronic Emergency Response 2 These comments are not made in response BCIT 11 Mega Tech 36, 37 to any particular incident or event. Police of- Blue Line 2004 CD 54 Pacific Safety Products 9 ficers in Edmonton and across Canada face Blue Line Reading Library 71 Panasonic 72 having to make extremely difficult decisions Blue Line Trade Show 12, 67 Peerless Handcuff 21 under the most adverse conditions. The next BMW 33 Pelican Products 69 time people hear or see something about po- CAPS Inc. 27 Porta Target 19 lice use of force, they should ask themselves Carruthers Shaw Architects 58 Pride in Service 20, 30 Corporate Security Supply 15 Rebanks Architects 64 whether they really know about the incident Current Corporation 62 Royal Roads University 59 in its totality — and before being critical, they CVDS 21 Savage Range Systems 11 should contemplate how they would react in a Dalhousie University 5 Seals Action Gear 18 confrontation in the same circumstances. Danner Shoe 62,63 Securesearch 12 What kind of communities would we have davTech Analytical Servcices 16 Seneca College 15 if the men and women of our police services De Armond Management 44 Spike Camp 45 weren’t there to act on our behalf, protecting the Decatur 35 Tac Wear 31 community and facing violent criminals 24 four Defense Aerosols 27 Teijin Twaron 57 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year? Diemaco Law Enforcement 7 Thomson Nelson 29 Remember, the arm chair critic has days Dupont 66 Triform 26 and weeks to contemplate decisions a police FCPO 61 Underwater Kinetics 41 officer had to made in split seconds. First Choice Armor 25 University of Guelph 41 FLIR Systems 13 Wintron 65 Cst. Mark Bloxham is a 12 year member of the Edmonton Gordon Contract 17 Wolverine Supplies 23 Police Service and has been a full-time instructor with the Officer Safety Unit for five years. He’s a court recognized ex- Henry’s 43 pert on officer safety and use of force and a principal of Cana- dian Innovative Protective Solutions Inc. (CIPS). He can be reached at [email protected] or 780-421-2701.

Blue Line Magazine 70 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 71 FEBRUARY 2005 Blue Line Magazine 72 FEBRUARY 2005