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40 000 Years in the Greater Eastern Cape, South Africa
Late Quaternary environmental phases in the Eastern Cape and adjacent Plettenberg Bay-Knysna region and Little Karoo, South Africa Colin A. Lewis Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa Tel: +27 46 6222416, Fax: +27 46 6361199 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Four major climato-environmental phases have been identified in the Eastern Cape, Plettenberg Bay-Knysna region and Little Karoo between somewhat before ~ 40 000 cal. a BP and the present: the Birnam Interstadial from before 40 000 cal. a BP until ~ 24 000 cal. a BP; the Bottelnek Stadial (apparently equating with the Last Glacial Maximum) from ~24 000 cal. a BP until before ~ 18 350 cal. a BP; the Aliwal North (apparently equating with the Late Glacial) from before ~ 18 350 cal. a BP until ~ 11 000 cal. a BP; the Dinorben (apparently equating with the Holocene) from ~ 11 000 cal. a BP until the present. The evidence for, and the characteristics of, these phases is briefly described. Key words Palaeoclimate. Southern Africa. Late Quaternary. Last Glacial Maximum. Late Glacial. Holocene. 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of this paper and use of proxy data The purpose of this paper is to summarise the evidence for, and describe the characteristics of, the major climato-environmental phases that have occurred in the Eastern Cape and adjacent Plettenberg Bay-Knysna region and Little Karoo during the last ~ 40 000 a (Fig. 1). The age of these phases has been established mainly by radiocarbon dating. Events predating ~ 40 000 cal. a BP are effectively beyond the range of radiocarbon dating and are not considered in this paper. -
I Tsonga Musical Performance in Cultural Perspective (South Africa) 771
IM LXX t S-& ' J97~S, f?p I 1 1 Tsonga Musical Performance in Cultural Perspective (South Africa) T h o m as F. J o h n sto n The Tsonga, or Shangana-Tsonga, are a Bantu-speaking people number ing about 1,200,000 in Mozambique and 700,000 in the Northern Transvaal. They grow maize and, to a certain extent, keep cattle, practise polygyny, and worship ancestor-spirits. I studied their musical system 1968-70 in order to fill gaps in the southern African ethnomusicological chart. Previous studies were, in time order, P e r c iv a l K i r b y ’ s study of the instruments 1934, H ugh T r a c e y ’ s study of Chopi xylophone orchestras 1948, D a v id R y c r o f t ’ s study of Swazi and Zulu music 1954, Y v o n n e H u s k is s o n ’s study of Pedi music 1958, A n d r e w T r a c e y ’s study of Rhodesian mbiras 1961, J ohn B l a c k in g ’s study of Venda music 1962, Ch r is t o p h e r B a l l a n t in e ’ s study of Tswana reed-pipe melody 1965, N ic h o la s E n g l a n d ’ s study of Bushman music 1967, D ie d r e H a n s e n ’s study of Xhosa music 1968, and R o b e r t K a u f f m a n ’ s study of Shona harmony in 1971. -
Apartheid's Contras: an Inquiry Into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique
Apartheid's Contras: An Inquiry into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp20005 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Apartheid's Contras: An Inquiry into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique Author/Creator Minter, William Publisher Zed Books Ltd, Witwatersrand University Press Date 1994-00-00 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Southern Africa (region) Coverage (temporal) 1975 - 1993 Rights By kind permission of William Minter. Description This book explores the wars in Angola and Mozambique after independence. -
The Stable Isotope Setting of Australopithecus Sediba at Malapa
Research Article Malapa cave stable isotopes Page 1 of 9 The stable isotope setting of Australopithecus AUTHORS: sediba at Malapa, South Africa Emily Holt1 Paul Dirks1,2,3 13 18 Christa Placzek1 We report δ C and δ O results from carbonate-cemented cave sediments at Malapa in South Africa. Lee Berger2 The sediments were deposited during a short-period magnetic reversal at 1.977±0.003 Ma, immediately preceding deposition of Facies D sediments that contain the type fossils of Australopithecus sediba. Values AFFILIATIONS: of δ13C range between -5.65 and -2.09 with an average of -4.58±0.54‰ (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite, 1Department of Geosciences, VPDB) and values of δ18O range between -6.14 and -3.84 with an average of -4.93±0.44‰ (VPDB). College of Science and Despite signs of diagenetic alteration from metastable aragonite to calcite, the Malapa isotope values are Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia similar to those obtained in two previous studies in South Africa for the same relative time period. Broadly, 13 2Evolutionary Studies Institute, the Malapa δ C values provide constraints on the palaeovegetation at Malapa. Because of the complex DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in nature of the carbonate cements and mixed mineralogy in the samples, our estimates of vegetation type Palaeosciences, University of the (C -dominant) must be regarded as preliminary only. However, the indication of a mainly C landscape is in Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 4 4 contrast to the reported diet of A. sediba, and suggests a diverse environment involving both grassland and South Africa riparian woodland. -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general -
1. Description 1.1 Name(S) of Society, Language, and Language Family: Shangaan-Tsonga Culture, the Tsonga Language, Nguni Language Family, Niger-Congo Languages
1. Description 1.1 Name(s) of society, language, and language family: Shangaan-Tsonga Culture, The Tsonga Language, Nguni Language Family, Niger-Congo Languages 1.2 ISO code (3 letter code from ethnologue.com): Tsonga (tso) 1.3 Location (latitude/longitude): South Africa, Southern Mozambique -23.00/33.50 1.4 Brief history: The name Tsonga comes from the word “Ronga” meaning “from the east”. Some Northern Province Tsonga call themselves Shangana. The others call themselves Tsonga.The Tsonga people have been residing in mostly in regions in southern Mozambique. 1.5 Influence of missionaries/schools/governments/powerful neighbors: The passing of the Bantu Self- government Act (Act 46 of 1959) :The establishment of tribal authorities throughout South Africa; Gazankulu as the homeland of Tsonga-Shangaan. 1.6 Ecology (natural environment):various large rivers, Krugar National Park; the terrain varies between mountainous north and the woodland south. 1.7 Population size, mean village size, home range size, density: About 700,000 Tsongas lived in the rural communal territories in the east of Northern Providence of South Africa by the mid-1990s. The total area is 2,353 square miles 2. Economy 2.1 Main carbohydrate staple(s): not found 2.2 Main protein-lipid sources: not found 2.3 Weapons: Bow and arrow, blowguns?: spears for catching fish 2.4 Food storage: relied on fishing for subsistence, although goats, chickens and cultivation also important. 2.5 Sexual division of production: women play an important role in agricultural labor force and subsistence economy. In the Tsonga community, agriculture is practiced by women. -
Tsotsitaal Special Issue.Indb
This article was downloaded by: [Vienna University Library] On: 31 December 2014, At: 04:40 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rall20 Language and youth identity in a multilingual setting: A multimodal repertoire approach Anthea Bristowea, Marcelyn Oostendorpa & Christine Anthonissena a Stellenbosch University, South Africa Published online: 23 Dec 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Anthea Bristowe, Marcelyn Oostendorp & Christine Anthonissen (2014) Language and youth identity in a multilingual setting: A multimodal repertoire approach, Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 32:2, 229-245, DOI: 10.2989/16073614.2014.992644 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2014.992644 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. -
Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia” Arises out of the World’S First G
copertina2 12-12-2000 12:55 Seite 1 “Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millennia” arises out of the world’s first J. A. Moggi-Cecchi Doyle G. A. Raath M. Tobias V. P. Dual Congress that was held at Sun City, South Africa, from 28th June to 4th July 1998. “Dual Congress” refers to a conjoint, integrated meeting of two international scientific Humanity associations, the International Association for the Study of Human Palaeontology - IV Congress - and the International Association of Human Biologists. As part of the Dual Congress, 18 Colloquia were arranged, comprising invited speakers on human evolu- from African Naissance tionary aspects and on the living populations. This volume includes 39 refereed papers from these 18 colloquia. The contributions have been classified in eight parts covering to Coming Millennia a wide range of topics, from Human Biology, Human Evolution (Emerging Homo, Evolving Homo, Early Modern Humans), Dating, Taxonomy and Systematics, Diet, Brain Evolution. The book offers the most recent analyses and interpretations in diff rent areas of evolutionary anthropology, and will serve well both students and specia- lists in human evolution and human biology. Editors Humanity from African Humanity Naissance from to Coming Millennia Phillip V. Tobias Phillip V. Tobias is Professor Emeritus at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, where he Michael A. Raath obtained his medical doctorate, PhD and DSc and where he served as Chair of the Department of Anatomy for 32 years. He has carried out researches on mammalian chromosomes, human biology of the peoples of Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi Southern Africa, secular trends, somatotypes, hominin evolution, the history of anatomy and anthropology. -
A Bottom-Up Approach to Language Education Policy in Mozambique Henriksen, Sarita Monjane
Roskilde University Language attitudes in a primary school a bottom-up approach to language education policy in Mozambique Henriksen, Sarita Monjane Publication date: 2010 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Henriksen, S. M. (2010). Language attitudes in a primary school: a bottom-up approach to language education policy in Mozambique. Roskilde Universitet. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 RRoosskkiillddee UUnniivveerrssiittyy DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff CCuullttuurree aanndd IIddeennttiittyy Language Attitudes in a Primary School: A Bottom-Up Approach to Language Education Policy in Mozambique Sarita Monjane Henriksen 31-08-2010 LANGUAGE ATTITUDES IN A PRIMARY SCHOOL: A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO 31. august 2010 LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY IN MOZAMBIQUE RRoosskkiillddee UUnniivveerrssiittyy DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff CCuullttuurree aanndd IIddeennttiittyy LLaanngguuaaggee AAttttiittuuddeess iinn aa PPrriimmaarryy SScchhooooll:: AA BBoottttoomm--UUpp AApppprrooaacchh ttoo LLaanngguuaaggee EEdduuccaattiioonn PPoolliiccyy iinn MMoozzaammbbiiqquuee SSaarriiitttaa MMoonnjjjaannee HHeennrriiikksseenn 2 LANGUAGE ATTITUDES IN A PRIMARY SCHOOL: A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO 31. -
Concerning a Cupule Sequence on the Edge of the Kalahari Desert in South Africa
Rock Art Research 2015 - Volume 32, Number 2, pp. 163-177. P. B. BEAUMONT and R. G. BEDNARIK 163 KEYWORDS: Cupule – Age estimate – Palaeoenvironment – Tswalu Kalahari Reserve – South Africa CONCERNING A CUPULE SEQUENCE ON THE EDGE OF THE KALAHARI DESERT IN SOUTH AFRICA Peter B. Beaumont and Robert G. Bednarik Abstract. The Tswalu Reserve in the southern Kalahari is an arid place, the present occupation of which is only made possible by means of boreholes that tap patches of fossil water, while semi-permanent surface sources of ~65 m2 extent are confined to three localities within an investigated area of over 1000 km2. Lithic evidence indicates that this vicinity was abandoned by humans during even drier Ice Age intervals, when rainfall fell at times to ~40% of present values, thereby providing a way to refer petroglyphs there to interglacials of known age and intensity in terms of regional and global paleaoclimatic data. By such means, together with microerosion measurements, it then becomes possible to identify three regional cupule production intervals: the earliest with cupules only at ~410–400 ka bp, the next with cupules and outline circles at ~130–115 ka ago, and the most recent, with cupules, geometric motifs and iconic images, at ~8–2 ka bp. Introduction then, but the later dating of various regional sites (Miller Cupules are manmade, roughly semi-hemispherical 1971; Sampson 1974) placed the artefact level between depressions, not normally more than ~8 cm in diame- ~25 and 13 cal ka ago (Weninger and Jöris 2008), and it ter, that were produced on hard rock surfaces by is consequently considered probable that the Chifubwa hammerstone percussion (Kumar and Krishna 2014), petroglyphs were made at some time within that reportedly supplemented or replaced on softer stones interval (Clark 1958). -
New Ages from Boomplaas Cave, South Africa, Provide Increased Resolution on Late/Terminal Pleistocene Human Behavioural Variabil
AZANIA: ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN AFRICA, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2018.1436740 New ages from Boomplaas Cave, South Africa, provide increased resolution on late/terminal Pleistocene human behavioural variability Justin Pargetera, Emma Loftusb, Alex Mackayc, Peter Mitchelld and Brian Stewarte aAnthropology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States of America and Centre for Anthropological Research & Department of Anthropology and Development Studies University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; bResearch Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom and Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; cCentre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; dSchool of Archaeology, University of Oxford/St Hugh’s College, Oxford, OX2 6LE, United Kingdom and School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, South Africa; eMuseum of Anthropological Archaeology and Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, United States of America and Rock Art Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, South Africa. ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Boomplaas Cave, South Africa, contains a rich archaeological -
Chapter One the Research Question
CHAPTER ONE THE RESEARCH QUESTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION It is estimated that approximately twenty languages around the world become extinct every year. And this, according to Prof Rusandre Hendrikse, Department of Linguistics at Unisa, (interview, 3 February 2004), is a conservative estimate if one takes into consideration the wide range of communication that takes place through dialects (see also Mail & Guardian, 14 August 2003). In their work, Vanishing Voices, Nettle and Romaine (2002:111) use a poem, written in 1916, to illustrate how fast languages are disappearing: Languages die like rivers. Words wrapped around your tongue today and broken to the shape of thought between your teeth and lips speaking now and today shall be faded hieroglyphics ten thousands years from now. South Africa’s indigenous languages are not immune to this phenomenon, they will soon no longer be heard if the speakers continue to expect the government and statutory bodies, like the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB), to maintain and safeguard these languages. The reasons for the extinction of languages, or language death, range from civil wars, self-genocide by a speech community, language shift, and the appeal of the so-called modern languages to younger speakers. However, the main cause of extinction can be found in globalisation and the pressure exercised on mother-tongue speakers of dominant languages, such as English. Increasing numbers of indigenous language speakers adopt the dominant language or employ code-switching every day. The possible extinction of the indigenous languages of South Africa will mean the disappearance of a rich element of the country’s indigenous culture.