IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

PROJECT TITLE : ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor DarulProposed Takzim Development for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Solid Waste Transfer Station on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, : Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim.

PROJECT PROPONENT :

Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan Aras 23 & 24, No. 51, Jalan Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4 62100 Putrajaya

EIA CONSULTANT :

Iktisas Environment Sdn. Bhd Lot 303C Lorong Selangor Fasa 4b, Pusat Bandar Melawati 53100 Kuala Lumpur

LEGEND : Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Institution and public facilities

Infrastructure and Utility

Transportation

Open Space and Recreation

Vacant Land

Water Body

Radius

FIGURE 4.1b : Zoning 2030

North SOURCE : RT Dearah qiblat Pontian 2030 IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 46 Not to Scale (Penggantian) Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

46 PROJECT TITLE : ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste 3Transfer km Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul TakzimProposed Development for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) of Solid Waste Transfer Station on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim. Figure 4.2: Existing Land used within 3 km Radius from Project Site 2 km PROJECT PROPONENT :

1 km Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan Aras 23 & 24, No. 51, Jalan Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4 KAMPUNG 62100 Putrajaya AYER PUTIH

EIA CONSULTANT :

Iktisas Environment Sdn. Bhd Lot 303C Lorong Selangor Fasa 4b, Pusat Bandar Melawati 53100 Kuala Lumpur

LEGEND :

Project Site Locations 1. Kg Ayer Putih (450.00 m) Within 2. Industri (Benithem Sdn Bhd) 1 km (665.00m) 3. Kilang Kayu (Haram) (356.96m)

Within 1. Kem Dayang (1.08 km) 2 km 2. Taman Damai (1.15 km) 3. Taman Seri Sentosa (1.78 km) 1. Taman Sri Kiambang (2.31 km) 2. Taman Hidayat (2.43 km) 3. Pekan Nenas (2.88 km) FIGURE 4.2 : Within 4. Taman Seri Bahagia (2.43 km) Sensitive Receptors Within 3km 3 km 5. Taman Seri Damansara (2.89 km) Radius 6. Kg. Sawah (2.57 km) 7. Kg. Kurnia (2.97 km) North 8. Kem Kaizen (2.94 km) SOURCE : 9. Kg. Ulu Choh (2.82 km) qiblat Google Map IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 47 Not to Scale Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur 47 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN)

Figure 4.3: River Pattern at Surrounding of the Project Site

Legend Proposed Transfer Station Pekan Nenas Landfill River Network

PROJECT TITLE : PROPONENT: EIA CONSULTANT:

SOURCE : Proposed Development FIGURE 4.3 : Google Earth (2018) North of Solid Waste Transfer Station Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan River Pattern at Surrounding of the Iktisas Environment Sdn. Bhd qiblat Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Tempatan Project Site Coordinate system : GCS WGS 1984 Lot 303C Lorong Selangor Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim. Aras 23 & 24, No. 51, Not to Scale IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. Fasa 4b, Pusat BandarMelawati Datum 48 : WGS 1984 Jalan Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4 53100 Kuala Lumpur Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa62100 4B, Pusat Putrajaya Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

48 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN)

Figure 4.4: Catchment Area of Sg. Pontian Kechil

Legend Legend Proposed Transfer Station Proposed Transfer Station Pekan Nenas Landfill Pekan Nenas Landfill River Network River Network

PROJECT TITLE : PROPONENT: EIA CONSULTANT:

SOURCE : Proposed Development FIGURE 4.4 : Google Earth (2018) North of Solid Waste Transfer Station Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Catchment Area of Sg. Pontian Iktisas Environment Sdn. Bhd qiblat Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Tempatan Kechil Coordinate system : GCS WGS 1984 Lot 303C Lorong Selangor Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim. Aras 23 & 24, No. 51, Not to Scale IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. Fasa 4b, Pusat BandarMelawati Datum 49 : WGS 1984 Jalan Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4 53100 Kuala Lumpur Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B,62100 Pusat Putrajaya Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

49 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN)

Figure 4.5: Hydrogeology Map

PROJECT TITLE : PROPONENT: EIA CONSULTANT:

SOURCE : Proposed Development FIGURE 4.5 : Google Earth (2018) North of Solid Waste Transfer Station Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Hydrogeology Mapl Iktisas Environment Sdn. Bhd qiblat Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Tempatan Coordinate system : GCS WGS 1984 Lot 303C Lorong Selangor Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim. Aras 23 & 24, No. 51, Not to Scale IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. Fasa 4b, Pusat BandarMelawati Datum 50 : WGS 1984 Jalan Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4 53100 Kuala Lumpur Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa62100 4B, Pusat Putrajaya Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

50 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN)

Table 4.1: Flood Record in Pontian Early Warning River Date Water Level Station 1. Sg. Pontian Kechil Kg. Sawah 28/12/2001 8.50m Pt. Selangor 28/12/2001 3.80m 29/01/2014 3.53m 20/12/2006 3.69m 2. Sg. Pontian Besar Sg. Air Merah 28/12/2001 3.14m Kayu Ara Pasang 21/12/2006 3.36m 3. Sg. Benut Pt. Hj. Md Salleh 29/12/2001 3.30m Pt. Hj. Ariff 28/12/2001 3.30m 23/12/2006 2.80m Sg. Benut CD 1 29/12/2001 1.90m 23/12/2006 2.80m 4. Sg. Pinggan Sg. Pinggan CD 1 29/12/2001 2.29m 30/01/2004 2.00m 22/12/2006 2.40m 5. Sg. Air Hitam Alor Bukit 29/12/2001 4.50m 20/12/2006 5.00m 6. Sg. Ulu Pulai Kg. Ulu Pulai 28/12/2001 3.02m 29/01/2006 2.18m 7. Sg. Macap Jln Pontian – BP 01/01/1951 11.89m 01/01/1952 11.96m 01/12/1954 12.14m 01/03/1964 11.31m 01/12/1967 11.55m 10/12/1969 12.19m 03/01/1971 10.97m 25/11/1979 10.61m 18/12/1981 10.58m Bt 50 , Jln BP – AH 11/12/1969 12.19m 25/11/1979 10.61m 22/12/1982 10.31m 11/12/1983 9.39m 27/12/1983 10.00m 10/02/1984 10.39m 04/01/1984 10.03m 11/12/1969 12.19m Source: Department of Irrigation and Drainage, 2016

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 51 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Figure 4.6: Access Road

Legend Legend Proposed Transfer Station Proposed Transfer Station Pekan Nenas Landfill Pekan Nenas Landfill River Network

PROJECT TITLE : PROPONENT: EIA CONSULTANT:

SOURCE : Proposed Development FIGURE 4.6 : Google Earth (2018) North of Solid Waste Transfer Station Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Access Road to the Project Site Iktisas Environment Sdn. Bhd qiblat Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Tempatan Coordinate system : GCS WGS 1984 IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. Lot 303C Lorong Selangor 52 Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim. Aras 23 & 24, No. 51, Not to Scale Fasa 4b, Pusat BandarMelawati Datum : WGS 1984 Jalan Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur 53100 Kuala Lumpur 62100 Putrajaya

52 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN)

Figure 4.7: Topography Map

Legend Proposed Transfer Station Pekan Nenas Landfill

PROJECT TITLE : PROPONENT: EIA CONSULTANT:

SOURCE : Proposed Development FIGURE 4.7 : Source: Director of National Google Earth (2018) North of Solid Waste Transfer Station Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara Mapping, Malaysia (1990) on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Topography Map Iktisas Environment Sdn. Bhd Sheet Number: 4451 qiblat Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Tempatan Coordinate system : GCS WGS 1984 Lot 303C Lorong Selangor Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim. Aras 23 & 24, No. 51, Not to Scale IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. Fasa 4b, Pusat BandarMelawati 53 Datum : WGS 1984 Jalan Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4 53100 Kuala Lumpur Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat62100 Bandar Putrajaya Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

53 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN)

Figure 4.8: Survey Map

Figure 4.8 : Survey Plan

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 54 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN)

Figure 4.9: Geology Map

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 55 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

LEGEND

KLI- YPG Kulai-Yong Peng Association: Soils in gently to moderately sloping terrain over mixed sedimentary & acid volcanic rocks.

Steepland: Hilly to mountainous terrain with slopes usually exceeding 25o - STP considered excessively steep for agriculture. Local Alluvium Association: Soils on level or nearly level topography in flood LAA plains of rivers & streams. Harimau-Ulu Tiram Association: Soils in gently to strongly sloping topography (2°- HMU-UTM 12°) over Old Alluvium (Simpang Formation). Batu Anam-Malacca Association: Soils in gently to strongly sloping topography BTM-MCA (2°-12°) over shales, phyllites or fine sandstones. Inland Swamp Association: Organic soils in low-lying, inland swampy areas in ISA flood plains of large rivers. Holyrood Association: Soils developed on a low-lying terrace composed of coarse HYD textured sub-recent alluvial deposits. RAA Recent Alluvium Association: Soils developed in flat swampy areas of the coast.

Source: Soil Map of Southern Johore: Null, Acton & Wong, 196 Figure 4.10: Soil Map

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 56 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

5 OUTLINE OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAME

5.1 Relevant Plans and Policies

During the planning and implementation of the Project, a number of policies, plans and objectives are considered to depict the needs for this development in the area. The policies, plans and objectives referred are as listed below:

5.1.1 Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Pontian 2030 (Penggantian)

“Rancangan Tempatan” is an official document that defines the general policies and recommendations contained in the RSN to a more detailed and practical physical form. The “Rancangan Tempatan Daerah” (RTD) is prepared for identified areas within the Local Authorities area and approved by the State Planning Committee (JPN) and agreed by the State Authority (PBN). It is a detailed plan that translates the general policies and recommendations contained within the RSN.

The previous 2016-2020 projection of solid waste generation has estimated 100 tons/day, however, the existing solid waste disposal site in Pekan Nenas could not accommodate current production of solid waste which has risen up to 134 tons/day. In addition, the disposal site has reached its lifespan and need to be safely closed. Projected infrastructure and utility requirements shows that supply of water, electricity, sewerage system and solid waste disposal site is insufficient to meet the needs based on population and floor space of business and industrial areas in 2030. This projection is undertaken to ensure that the needs are met with the outcome of the proposed infrastructure and utility capacity to support the development which estimate 270 tonnes/day projection of solid waste generation.

Solid waste management is one of the projected infrastructure and utility, focuses on the methods to dispose of solid waste that is increasing yearly while the capacity of solid waste disposal sites is unable to accommodate this increase. There are strategies to achieve zero solid waste by means of this method:

a. The target 30% of the total solid waste will be isolated from the source (housing, commercial and industrial) with a 2 + 1 program where recyclable solid waste such as paper, glass bottle, plastic and so on will be isolated. If the party does not execute, then the penalties will be imposed on such party following occurrence frequency; b. The target 60% of the total solid waste will undergo an integrated separation method namely Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) from a solid waste disposal site or transfer station which will separate most of the recyclable solid waste; and c. The target 10% of the total solid waste will be disposed of or treated by composting or incinerator. This method of treatment can make solid waste a medium such as a burner for incinerator and indirectly generates electricity as well as composting which makes fertilizers for nursery materials.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 57 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

The solid waste management of Pontian District has a proposal to provide a Pontian Transfer station with a capacity of 255 tonnes / day where the station will collect solid waste before being sent to the Seelong Sanitary Landfill Area with a capacity of 1914 tonnes / day. The proposed transfer station should be equipped with the latest technologies such as the preparation of Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) as well as compactor machines to compact solid waste to reduce volume and also load more to the transfer truck (RORO) according to the weight of the solid waste. The proposed solid waste disposal site is at Seelong Sanitary Landfill Area, 65 km from Pekan Nenas.

Hence the construction of Pekan Nenas Transfer Station can be seen as extremely important and relevant with the needs of solid waste management through the construction of MRF and solid waste disposal sites as outlined in the Pontian District Local Plan 2030 (Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Pontian 2030)

5.1.2 Rancangan Struktur Negeri Johor 2030 (RSNJ 2030)

Rancangan Struktur Negeri Johor 2030 provides the spatial physical land use policies to assist in the planning and implementation of new development project in the state. The objective of this plan is to optimize the management of the physical state in Johor. For this purpose, the plan has included Dasar Kelestarian Negeri Johor in its framework which addresses sharing responsibilities of conserving and protecting the environment with all the residences of Johor. By 2030, it is expected that the residence of southern region of Johor will increased by 6.22 million in comparison with 3.61 million as of 2015. The development of Solid Waste Transfer Station is a mandatory in managing the increasing tonnage of solid waste to ensure Dasar Kelestarian Negeri Johor could be fulfilled.

5.1.3 11th Malaysia Plan 2016-2020 (RMK-11)

One of the scopes in 11th Malaysia Plan is to pursue green growth for sustainability and resilience. Green growth is a development trajectory that considers all three pillars of sustainable development; economic, social and environment. In order to achieve this outcome, the government has laid out four (4) key areas, under which the proposed development of solid waste transfer station in Pekan Nenas is related to key focus area B: adopting the sustainable consumption and production concept.

A strategy to manage waste holistically through better coordination between related agencies, encouraging 3R (reuse, reduce and recycle) and using waste as a resource for other industries was set under this key focus area. All seven (7) types of waste namely solid, agricultural, radioactive, mining, sewage and scheduled waste will be managed in a holistic manner based on a life cycle approach. This approach aims to increase recycling and recovery rate of waste and pollution. The National Solid Waste Management Department and the Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing Corporation (SWCorp) will spearhead these initiatives together with other relevant agencies such as DOE, Minerals and Geoscience Department and SPAN. Under the 3R concept, waste will be considered as a

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 58 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

valuable resource and it is expected that by 2020, the rate of household recycling will reach 22%. The proposed built of the transfer station could aid in the 3R activities.

5.1.4 National Physical Plan

The National Strategic Solid Waste Management Master Plan provides various strategies and measures to improve solid waste management. Among the physical aspects of this Master Plan includes the construction of solid waste facilities to enable the proper collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste. Among the facilities that have been constructed include the transfer station at Kuala Lumpur and the sanitary landfill at Bukit Tagar, Selangor and Seelong, Johor. It is expected that additional regional sanitary landfills and other facilities such as thermal waste treatment plants, transfer stations and sanitary landfills will also be built. Upgrading of existing unsanitary landfills will also be carried out. In addition, old unused dumping sites will be properly closed.

5.1.5 Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri Johor (UPEN)

To ensure that the project is in line with the state government planning, Consultant had submitted a letter to UPEN. Response from UPEN will be included in EIA report.

5.2 Civil Engineering Consultant

HLA ASSOCIATES SDN BHD was appointed as the Engineering Consultant to provide Project concept and detail engineering design for this transfer station. The details of the company are as follows:

Contact Person : Ir Hasnizal Bin Hashim Designation: Executive Director E-mail : [email protected] Tel. No. : 03-4142 2525 Fax. No. : 03-4149 2269

The contractors for physical work will be appointed prior to commencement of work by JPSPN. This information will be updated during the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) stage.

5.3 Project Schedule

Project schedule for the Project Development is shown in Table 5.1.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 59 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Table 5.1: Project Development Schedule

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 60 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

5.4 Interaction with Other Projects

Currently no other projects in progress in the vicinity of the proposed Project area except the existing open landfill which is located adjacent to it.

5.5 Project Assessment Timeline

Overall the duration of Environmental Impact Assessment study for this Project will take approximately seven (7) months. The summary of milestone for the EIA study is tabulated in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2: Milestone of S2EIA Study Tasks Tentative Schedule

Approval Design Concept by Government 2nd November 2018

Preparation of TOR and ESI 15/8/2018 - 29/11/2018

Submission of TOR & ESI to DOE 10/12/2018

TORAC meeting and presentation to DOE Johor End of December Expected to receive approval of TOR from DOE based on Second week of January 2019 TORAC Meeting Preparation of EIA 29/11/2018 – 19/3 /2019

Finalization and submission of Final to DOE 20/3/2019

5.6 Proposed Studies

The studies that are proposed for this EIA includes the following:

a. Environmental Baseline Study; - Ambient air quality; - Noise level; - River water quality; and - Odour. b. Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Geology; c. Socio Economic Study; d. Health Impact Assessment Study; e. Leachate Study; and f. Flora and Fauna Study

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 61 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

5.6.1 Baseline Study

Environmental Baseline Study (EBS) will be developed and implemented to establish the existing environmental conditions of the Project. The program will involve site visits to conduct site reconnaissance and environmental quality monitoring. The EBS include as follows: a. Ambient air quality; b. Noise level; c. River water quality; and d. Odour. a. Ambient Air Quality

Four (4) stations for the ambient air quality will be established to measure the existing ambient air quality as shown in Figure 5.1. The proposed locations are designated as A1 to A4. The ambient air quality will present the baseline ambient air quality for the proposed development. The parameter to be analysed for air quality is Particulate Matters 10µ

(PM10), Particulate Matter 2.5 µ (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). The method of sampling for each type of parameter is tabulated in Table 5.3.

Figure 5.1: Proposed Sampling Station for Ambient Air Quality

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 62 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Table 5.3: List of Parameters and Method Sampling for Ambient Air Quality Parameters Methodology Equipment Duration Particulate Matter MiniVolTM TAS MiniVolTM Tactical 24 hours 10 µm (PM10) Sampler Air Sampler (TAS) Particulate Matter MiniVolTM TAS MiniVolTM Tactical 24 hours 2.5 µm (PM2.5) Sampler Air Sampler (TAS)

Sulphur Dioxide Content (SO2) ASTM D 2914, 1993 Tri-gas Sampler 24 hours

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ASTM D 1607, 1991 Tri-gas Sampler 1 hour Carbon Monoxide (CO) APHA 126, 1992 Tri-gas Sampler 8 hours b. Noise Level

Four (4) sampling stations for the noise level will be established to measure the existing noise level as shown in Figure 5.2. The proposed locations are designated as N1 to N4. The noise level will present the baseline noise level for the proposed development area. The parameter to be analysed for noise level are LAeq, LAmax, LAmin, LA10, LA50 and LA90.

The noise level measurement will be carried out for 24 hours duration which is then divided into two (2) periods namely day time measurements (7.00 a.m to 10.00 p.m.) and night time measurements (10.00 p.m. to 7.00 a.m.). Noise level is measured based on LA equivalent (LAeq). The LAeq measurement is recorded using a pre-calibrated precision integrating noise meter. The summary of methodology is tabulated in Table 5.4.

Figure 5.2: Proposed Sampling Station for Noise Level

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 63 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Table 5.4: List of Parameters and Methodology for Noise Measurement Parameters Methodology Equipment Duration LAeq, LAmax, LAmin, Pulsar Nova Sound Level Meter ISO 1996 24 hours LA10, LA50 and LA90 (Model 45) c. Odour

The instrument for measuring odour concentration is the Portable Odour Level Indicator XP- 329 III series (Plate 2). The intensity of odour will be recorded in odour unit concentration as an OU. The Odour Level Indicator has the capacity to measure odour concentration from a minimum concentration of 0 to a maximum of 2000 OU.

This study attempted to measure odour pollution generated by surrounding sources. The analysis will be conducted at different times of day (morning, evening and night) and weather conditions (normal days and after rains). 15 sampling stations will be selected for observations using the Odour Level Indicator. The method for data collection will through the field sampling monitoring of sensitive receivers per location within 3 km radius. The proposed sampling station is as shown in Figure 5.3. The readings will be recorded for 3 minutes at each of the sampling station.

Plate 2: Portable Odour Level Indicator XP-329 III series

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 64 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Figure 5.3: Proposed Sampling Station for Odour d. River Water Quality

Five (5) sampling stations designated as SW1 to SW5 are proposed in suitable location as shown in Figure 5.4. Water samples will be taken for analysis at an accredited laboratory that certified under Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia (SAMM). The key parameters to be analysed for river water include Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand

@ 5 days at 20C (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Faecal Coliform, Ammoniacal

Nitrogen (NH3-N), Heavy metal, Oil & Grease (O&G), Phosphate, Nitrate and Nitrite. In-situ measurement for river water will be taken for pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Turbidity, Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) and Temperature.

The methodology used for collecting water samples is grab sampling technique following the procedures stated in ASTM D 5358, 1993. As for in-situ monitoring, the parameter will be measured using Hydrolab data sonde MS4/DS4. The summary of sampling method, preservation and storage techniques for the collected surface water sample summarize in Table 5.5.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 65 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Figure 5.4: Sampling Station for River Water Quality

Table 5.5: List of Parameters and Methodology for River Water Quality Parameters Storage Container Preservation Biochemical Oxygen Demand @ 5 P Cool < 4ºC, keep in the dark days at 20C (BOD5)

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) P Add H2SO4 to pH <2, cool <4ºC Total Suspended Solids (TSS) P Cool <4ºC

Oil & Grease (O&G) G Add H2SO4, pH<2,cool <4ºC - Nitrate (NO 3) P,G Cool <4ºC - Nitrite (NO 2) P,G Cool <4ºC

Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) P,G Add H2SO4, pH<2, cool <4ºC Faecal Coliform (FC) P Cool < 4ºC Fluoride P Cool < 4ºC Formaldehyde P Cool < 4ºC Phenol P Cool < 4ºC Sulphide P Cool < 4ºC Colour P Cool < 4ºC Heavy Metal: Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium Hexavalent, Chromium

Trivalent, Arsenic, Cyanide, Lead, HNO3 to pH<2, P(A) Copper, Manganese, Nickel, Tin, Cool <4ºC Zinc, Boron, Iron, Silver, Selenium, Barium, Note: P=Plastic, G= Glass, P(A)=Plastic (verified metal free)

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 66 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

5.6.2 Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Geology Study

5.6.2.1 Groundwater and Geology Program

Land within and surrounding the scoping boundary has predominantly been used for agricultural purposes. Ground and groundwater contamination are not anticipated and therefore a preliminary risk assessment for all land within the scoping boundary is not proposed as part of the EIA. It is anticipated that should as yet unidentified contamination be encountered during construction or decommissioning that this would be dealt with via procedures set out within the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).

The investigations may also be required since the proposed development of the in close proximity to a landfill or other as yet unidentified contaminant source. A groundwater risk assessment may be required if construction is planned to extend deeper than the base of the superficial deposits over a designated aquifer. Planning for groundwater and geology, the data of groundwater and geology will be obtained including data relating to the following processes and parameters: a. Downstream hydrological processes; b. Aquifer classification and vulnerability; c. Surface water quality; d. Public and private water supplies; e. Flooding; and f. Contaminated land

5.6.2.2 Hydrology and Hydrogeology

Water percolates through the solid waste and generates leachate. Leachate generated from municipal solid waste dumping sites affects the groundwater quality in the adjacent areas through percolation in the subsoil. The usual and the most neglected cause of water pollution are uncontrolled dumping of municipal solid waste. Leaching of this leachate and heavy metals into the soil leads to the contamination of both soil and groundwater. Infiltration of water by rainfall, water already present in the waste, or water generated by biodegradation, cause the leachate to leave the dumping ground laterally or vertically and find its way into the groundwater thereby causing contamination. Hence, since the proposed Solid Waste Transfer Station Pekan Nenas is located adjacent to the existing landfill, the groundwater samples need to be collected by using subsurface sampling from selected point at Pekan Nenas Landfill.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 67 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

5.6.2.3 Groundwater

The groundwater flow beneath the site can be investigated using MODFLOW modelling approach calibrated in steady state groundwater flow for assessment of the site to fully understand the geochemical settings in which contaminant transport from the existing dumping site and waste station may occur. MODFLOW is the USGS 3D finite-difference groundwater model. MODFLOW considered as an international standard for simulating and predicting groundwater conditions and groundwater surface water interaction. The capabilities of MODFLOW-related program to simulate coupled groundwater and surface- water systems, solute transport, variable-density flow (include saltwater), aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence, parameter estimation and groundwater management.

The integrated model consists of MODFLOW as groundwater flow simulator and MT3DMS for assessing the concentration of Phosphorus leached from the sludge into the pond by groundwater. MODFLOW has been developed for groundwater surveys in the form of modular three-dimensional groundwater flow model (Harbaugh, 2005). It solves the groundwater flow equation by finite – difference method and is designed to simulate aquifer systems in which saturated flow condition exists and Darcy’s law applies. In this method the aquifer will be divided into finite number of cells.

a. Flow Parameters

Three-dimensional groundwater flows equation for a confined and unconfined aquifer use in MODFLOW is: ∂ ∂h ∂ ∂h ∂ ∂h 휕ℎ [퐾 ] + [퐾 ] + [퐾 ] − 푊 = 푆 ∂x 푥푥 ∂x ∂y 푦푦 ∂y ∂z 푧푧 ∂z 푥 휕푡

Kxx, Kyy, Kzz : values of hydraulic conductivity along x,y and z coordinate axes respectively, which are assumed to be parallel to major axes of hydraulic conductivity (Lt-1) h : potentiometric head (L) W : Volumetrix flux per unit volume and represents sources and / or sinks of water (t-1) -1 Ss : Specific storage of the porous material (L ) T : time (t)

where, Ss, Kxx, Kyy, Kzz maybe functions of space (Ss = Ss(x,y,z), Kxx = Kxx (x,y,z), etc.) and W may

be a function of space and time W = W(x,y,z,t) describes groundwater flow under non- equilibrium conditions in a heterogeneous and isotropic medium, provided the principal axes of hydraulic conductivity are aligned with the coordinate directions (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988).

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 68 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

b. Transport Parameters

In MT3DMS, the module will able to simulate advection, dispersion, and chemical reactions of contamination in 3-D groundwater flow as shown in the following equation:

푘 푘 ∂(θ퐶 ) ∂ ∂퐶 ∂ 푘 푘 = [휃퐷푖푗 ] − [휃푣푖퐶 ] + 푞푠퐶푠 + ∑ 푅푛 ∂t ∂푥푖 ∂푥푖 ∂푥푖

퐶푘 : is the dissolved concentration of k 훩 : is the porosity of the subsurface medium

푥푖 : is the distance along the respective Cartesian coordinate axis 퐷푖푗 : is the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient tensor

5.6.2.4 Status of Groundwater Quality

In considering the existing landfill, chemicals can leach into the ground water by means of precipitation and surface runoff. New landfills are required to have clay or synthetic liners and leachate (liquid from a landfill containing contaminants) collection systems to protect ground water. Older landfills, however, do not have these safeguards. Older landfills were often sited over aquifers or close to surface waters and in permeable soils with shallow water tables, enhancing the potential for leachate to contaminate ground water. Closed landfills can continue to pose a ground water contamination threat if they are not capped with an impermeable material (such as clay) before closure to prevent the leaching of contaminants by precipitation.

Water percolates through the solid waste and generates leachate. Leachate generated from municipal solid waste dumping sites affects the groundwater quality in the adjacent areas through percolation in the subsoil. The usual and the most neglected cause of water pollution are uncontrolled dumping of municipal solid waste. Leaching of this leachate and heavy metals into the soil leads to the contamination of both soil and groundwater. Infiltration of water by rainfall, water already present in the waste, or water generated by biodegradation, cause the leachate to leave the dumping ground laterally or vertically and find its way into the groundwater thereby causing contamination. Hence, in the case of proposed TS that is located nearest to the existing landfill, the groundwater samples need to be collected by using subsurface sampling from selected point at the project site.

The ground conditions and contamination approach and methodology will identify whether any environmental effects could derive from the exposure, excavation, mobilisation and disposal or treatment of contamination encountered on site, based on the following:

• Interpretation of site investigation data; • Derivation of site specific screening criteria; • Comparison of soil and groundwater data with appropriate screening criteria; • Construction of a refined conceptual model based on site specific data;

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 69 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

• Generic quantitative risk assessment for the site to establish the risk posed by any identified; and • Contamination risk to human health and controlled waters.

Project site is located between 10 & 40 m above sea-level on western foot slopes of a NNW- SSE trending ridge that rises to 166 m above sea-level. In view of topographic setting, groundwater in the project site will flow towards the SW (southwest). Groundwater levels in boreholes in the project site show this SW flow of groundwater. Groundwater table below NNW-SSE trending ridge is at a much higher topographic level than the project site. Groundwater will thus flow towards the SW, and NE, to the SW, and NE, sides of the ridge, respectively. Bedding planes in the Jurong (Gemas) Formation generally strike NNW-SSE and any preferential groundwater flow will be along this trend. For these reasons, groundwater from the project site will definitely not enter or flow into the catchment of the Pontian Kechil Reservoir. In order to get more accurate information regarding with this issues, the groundwater modelling were needed to be done with more specific data from the borehole. Groundwater flows from recharge areas to discharge areas. Typically, the flow follows curving paths. In the unsaturated zone the region between the ground surface and the water table water percolates straight down, like the water passing through a drip coffee maker, for this water moves only in response to the downward pull of gravity. But in the zone of saturation the region below the water table water ﬂow is more complex, for in addition to the downward pull of gravity, water responds to differences in pressure. Pressure can cause groundwater to ﬂow sideways, or even upward. The shape of water table beneath hilly topography.

Pressure in groundwater at a specific point underground is caused by the weight of all the overlying water from that point up to the water table. If the water table is horizontal, the pressure acting on an imaginary horizontal reference plane at a specified depth below the water table is the same everywhere. But if the water table is not horizontal, as shown in Figure 5.5, the pressure at points on a horizontal reference plane at depth changes with location. For example, the pressure acting at point p1, which lies below the hill in figure above, is greater than the pressure acting at point p2, which lies below the valley, even though both p1 and p2 are at the same elevation. Both the elevation of a volume of groundwater and the pressure within the water provide energy that, will cause the water to flow.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 70 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Figure 5.5: Water Table and Pressure

The potential energy available to drive the flow of a given volume of groundwater at a location is called the hydraulic head. To measure the hydraulic head at a point in an aquifer, hydrogeologists drill a vertical hole down to the point and then insert a pipe in the hole. The height above a reference elevation (for example, sea level) to which water rises in the pipe represents the hydraulic head water rises higher in the pipe where the head is higher. Groundwater flows from regions where it has higher hydraulic head to regions where it has lower hydraulic head. Hence, it is implies that the groundwater regionally flows from locations where the water table is higher to locations where the water table is lower.

Hydrogeologists have calculated how hydraulic head changes with location underground, by taking into account both the effect of gravity and the effect of pressure. These calculations reveal that groundwater flows along concave-up curved paths, as illustrated in cross section (Figure 5.6a and 5.6b). These curved paths eventually take groundwater from regions where the water table is high (under a hill) to regions where the water table is low (below a valley), but because of flow-path shape, some groundwater may flow deep down into the crust along the first part of its path and then may flow back up, toward the ground surface, along the final part of its path. The location where water enters the ground (where the flow direction has a downward trajectory) is called the recharge area, and the location where groundwater flows back up to the surface is called the discharge area (see Figure 5.6a).

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 71 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Figure 5.6: Groundwater flow path (a) from recharge areas to discharges areas and (b) longer flows for a deeper flow paths

Groundwater moves much more slowly than surface water. First, groundwater moves by percolating through a complex, crooked network of tiny conduits, so it must travel a much greater distance than it would if it could follow a straight path. Second, friction between groundwater and conduit walls slows down the water flow. Simplistically, the velocity of groundwater flow depends on the slope of the water table and the permeability of the material through which the groundwater is flowing. Thus, groundwater flows faster through high-permeability rocks than it does through low-permeability rocks, and it flows faster in regions where the water table has a steep slope than it does in regions where the water table has a gentle slope. For example, groundwater flows relatively slowly (2 m per year) through a low-permeability aquifer under the Great Plains, but flows relatively quickly (30 m per year) through a high-permeability aquifer under a steep hillslope. In detail, hydrogeologists use Darcy’s Law to determine flow rates at a location. Groundwater flows faster in a more permeable material than it does in a less permeable material. The rate also depends on the

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 72 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

hydraulic gradient, the change in hydraulic head per unit of distance between two locations, as measured along the ﬂow path. To calculate the hydraulic gradient, we divide the difference in hydraulic head between two points by the distance between the two points as measured along the ﬂow path. A hydraulic gradient exists anywhere that the water table has a slope. Typically, the slope of the water table is so small that the path length is almost the same as the horizontal distance between two points. So, in general, the hydraulic gradient is roughly equivalent to the slope of the water table.

5.6.2.5 Sampling Station for Groundwater Quality

To date, groundwater table of four boreholes as shown in Figure 5.7 and summarized in Table 5.6 has been established in the site investigation activities. A groundwater flow modelling results that generate groundwater flow and expected contamination plume can be used to determine number and location of monitoring wells. It is an extension of the two- dimensional method to site-monitoring wells at landfills for the initial detection of groundwater contamination. In this case, a Monte Carlo approach can be used to generate a large number of equally likely landfill failure scenarios in which the leak location and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of saturated hydraulic conductivity are treated as random variables. A finite difference groundwater flow model and a particle-tracking model such as Visual MODFLOW Flex can be used to generate a contaminant plume for each failure realization. Information regarding which of a large number of potential monitoring wells detect each contaminant plume and at what contaminated volume is passed to an optimization model. It is assumed that the groundwater domain can be represented by a simple rectangular volume with known boundary conditions and that the action of dispersion on the contaminant plume can be ignored. The spatial distribution of isotropic saturated hydraulic conductivity can be represented by a lognormal distribution with a given mean, variance, and correlation structure. A few simulation models could be adapted to include specific information about the site's subsurface.

A reduction in site variability would lead to an expected increase in well network performance. Application of the method to a hypothetical problem illustrated the trade-off among the conflicting of objectives to increase the probability of detecting a plume, either more wells must be installed or the wells must be located further downgradient to the source, hereby increasing the expected contaminated plume of the detected plumes. For a reasonable range of detection limits longer screened lengths consistently over performed shorter lengths. A few located wells can achieve the same probability of detecting a contaminant plume as the downgradient wells. Repeated application of the method to both the hypothetical and actual sites has shown that the common practice of placing at least one well up gradient and three downgradient of the waste area is not a sufficiently large minimum. Even under the best conditions for the parameters, which are typical of relatively uniform, alluvial aquifers, three optimally located downgradient wells have an expected probability of detection of less than 50%, while five optimally located wells can achieve at most a detection probability of 80%. Over 10 optimally located wells are needed to achieve detection probabilities over 95%.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 73 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

BH-4 1.85 m

BH-3 BH-2 1.70 m BH-1 0.30 m 0.90 m

Figure 5.7: Existing Borehole Results Located in the Project Site within 1 km radius

Table 5.6: Summary of boreholes at project site Termination Depth (M)and Final Type of Soil/SPT/ Rock Test Coordinate & Reduce Level (m) Type Terminated depth at 19.95 m Hard, white, light S 56400.333, W 5031.068 BH1 greenish gray, light red, sandy SILT of intermediate plasticity with gravel. Final groundwater table 0.9 m. Reduce Level :17.560 m Terminated depth at 34.95 m Hard, light gray, SILT of S 56368.840, W 4955.374 BH2 intermediate plasticity with gravel and sand. Final groundwater table 0.3 m. Reduce Level :18.768 m Terminated depth at 33.45 m Hard, pale green, white, S 56371.986, W 4893.493 BH3 SILT of high plasticity with some sand. Final groundwater table 1.7 m. Reduce Level :20.867 m Terminated depth at 10.95m Hard, white, reddish S 562303.181, W 4824.859 BH4 yellow, sandy SILT of intermediate plasticity with gravel. Final groundwater table 1.85 m. Reduce Level :24.705 m

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 74 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

5.6.2.6 Groundwater Usage

There is no usage of ground water around 1 km from the project boundaries. In order to get more specific data in residential area for the boundaries in 5 km radius, we suggested that the simple survey need to be done to ensure no resident use the groundwater intake in their daily usage

5.6.3 Socio Economic Study

The main objective of the study is to conduct Socio-economic Impact Assessment of the proposed project development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, Pekan Nenas, Pontian, Johor. In the specific term, the study will focus in;

a. To carry out a preliminary assessment of the existing human environment conditions that are likely to be affected by the proposed project; b. To gather preliminary local public opinions and views on the implementation of the proposed project. Hence, the study is expected to solicit the degree of acceptance and opposition, including the condition set by the local public on the implementation of the proposed Project; c. To identify possible serious social concerns and problems that could develop from the construction and operation of the Project. This will include among others: - Ascertain level of understanding on the impact of the project to the relevant stakeholders; - Identification of current and potential issues and concerns of the affected stakeholders; - The problems and impact of resettlements (if any); - Effects of concerns and misunderstandings about development in the areas around the Project site and safety; - Effects of the construction labour force on nearby communities for both during and after construction; d. To recommend measures for dealing effectively with these problems.

5.6.3.1 Study Method

a. In order to prepare the socio-economic and socio-culture profiles of the selected sites, secondary data from relevant agencies and printed materials deposited in libraries covering demographic and socio-economic aspects of the proposed sites will be collected; b. A set of questionnaires will be used to survey the public opinions and their perceptions of the Project; c. Public consultations and discussions with several focus group and community leaders will be conducted to gauge the feelings and the understanding of the public regarding the need and their perceived worries about the Project; and

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 75 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

d. Interviews with community leaders and non-governmental organisations will also be conducted to gauge their feelings and opinions of the Project. This interview will use semi-structure open-ended questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews.

a. Secondary Data

The secondary data collected from government agencies and libraries will provide baseline information for the key indicators of the socio-economic conditions of the population in the study area. All the data is required to describe current socio-economic and socio-cultural condition of the area. The parameters that need to be considered for socio-economic assessment study are: - Population characteristic; - Community and Institutional Structures; - Individual and Family Changes; and - Community Resources.

b. Primary Data

The survey, focus group interviews, meetings and consultations with stakeholders and targets groups which include community leaders, will explore into their opinions and perceptions about the proposed project. Among their opinions that will be gauged will include their knowledge about the project, their concerns and understandings about the development of the project, their concern about the sites, distribution of project benefits and costs, effects of the presence of labour force on nearby communities both during and after construction, the effect of the project on scarce commodities.

Survey: The samples will include 384 respondents (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970) within 5 km radius within the study area, in order to identify the indirect impact of the proposed Project. A set of Questionnaires will be prepared for the Survey.

5.6.4 Health Impact Assessment Study

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is the process of estimating the potential impact of a chemical, biological, physical or social agent on a specified human population system under a specific set of conditions and for a certain time frame (EnHealth Council, 2001). This HIA study will look into the public health impacts on the population residing in the vicinity of the proposed Solid Waste Transfer Station during its construction and operational phases.

5.6.4.1 Health Risk Assessment Approach

Health Risk Assessment (HRA) is a component of HIA. There are two (2) forms of HRA, namely qualitative and quantitative HRA. Qualitative HRA merely characterises or compares the hazard of a chemical relative to others, or in comparison to reference values or standards, or defines the hazard in only qualitative terms such as mutagen or carcinogen,

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 76 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

which connotes certain risk or safety procedures. In qualitative HRA, only subjective and comparative assessment of environmental hazards will be attempted without generating any quantitative estimate of the risks involved.

Quantitative HRA is a methodological approach in which the toxicities of a chemical are identified, characterised, analysed for dose-response relationship, and the data generated are applied to a mathematical model to produce a numeric estimate representing a guideline or decision concerning allowable exposure (James, 1985). Quantitative HRA generates a numerical measure of the risk or safety of a chemical exposure. The numerical measure of the risk generated is compared against a guideline value or an acceptable risk level. When conducting a quantitative HRA, there are two categories of risks being assessed, namely non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk. Both qualitative and quantitative HRA will be applied in this Project.

5.6.4.2 HIA Objectives

The objectives of the health impact assessment are: a. To identify potential environmental health hazards that may emanate from the construction and operation of the proposed Solid Waste Transfer Station. b. To determine the general public health status as well as selected morbidity patterns within the impacted community through a questionnaire survey to be conducted together with the socioeconomic survey. c. To review the morbidity statistics on waterborne, vectorborne, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and skin diseases of the impacted community in the vicinity of the proposed Project from secondary health statistics to be obtained from the nearest government hospital and health clinic. d. To assess the health effects from diseases from animal vectors and reservoirs which may breed in habitats surrounding the proposed Project area e. To assess the acute and chronic health impacts of human exposures to potential air pollutants from the proposed Project. f. To assess the chronic, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health impacts of human exposures to heavy metals in water receiving effluents from the proposed Project. g. To propose appropriate mitigation measures for the health and safety impacts identified on the community.

5.6.4.3 Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Methodology

The HIA methodology will be based on the HIA Guidance Document on HIA in EIA (DOE, 2012). It will involve both qualitative and quantitative health risk assessment (HRA). The HRA will describe the public health impacts and risks on the population residing in the vicinity of the proposed Project during normal and abnormal operations. It will employ the HRA approach adopted in the Guidance Document which comprises six basic steps, namely issues identification, hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, risk characterisation, and uncertainty analysis. The HRA modelling for non-carcinogenic and

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 77 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING INFORMATION (ESI) Proposed Development of Solid Waste Transfer Station, on 12.474 Acres of Land on Lot 1336 & 1337, Pekan Nenas, Mukim Jeram Batu, Daerah Pontian, Johor Darul Takzim for Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) carcinogenic health risks will be based on the USEPA’s methodology as prescribed in the Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities.

The water pollutants that will be modelled for their health effects will be the heavy metals like lead, arsenic, mercury cadmium, chromium and nickel. Data input into the HRA process will be sourced from the health survey, air quality modelling outputs, water quality modelling outputs, published epidemiological studies on health effects of air pollutants, water pollutants, and toxicological databases like the USEPA’s Integrated Risk Information System and the ASTDR’s minimal risk level.

5.6.5 Water Quality Modelling Model

The water quality model to be used is QUAL2K, a model, supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The QUAL2K model is used for waste load allocations, discharge-permit allocations, and other pollution evaluations. QUAL2K is applicable to well-mixed dendritic streams where the major transport mechanisms of advection and dispersion are only significant along the longitudinal axis of flow for a stream. Streamflow and input of waste loads are considered to be constant i.e. in steady state during the simulation period. The model can also be used to study the assimilative capacities of receiving streams and to identify non-point waste loads.

A river is represented in the QUAL2K model as a linked group of streams and tributary reaches (Figure 5.8) that consist of headwaters (the beginning of a stream reach) and sequential strings of completely mixed reactors, which are referred to as computational elements. Within each reach, all the computational elements have the same average depth, stream slope, channel cross-section, and biological/chemical rate constants. The, QUAL2K model calculates a flow and mass balance for each computational element.

(a) QUAL2K Segmentation Scheme (b) QUAL2K Reach Representation for a River with no Tributaries Figure 5.8: QUAL2K Stream Reach System

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 78 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

The forcing function used for estimating transport is the stream discharge, which is assumed to be constant. Stream velocity, cross-sectional area, and depth are computed from streamflow. The QUAL2K model performs dissolved oxygen balance by including major source and sink terms in the mass balance equation. The nitrogen cycle is composed of four compartments: organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen. The phosphorus cycle consists of dissolved phosphorus and organic phosphorus. Ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (cBOD) is modeled as a first order degradation process. The major source of dissolved oxygen is algal photosynthesis and atmospheric reaeration. The QUAL2K framework includes the following new elements: a. Software Environment and Interface. QUAL2K is implemented within the Microsoft Windows environment. It is programmed in the Windows macro language: Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel is used as the graphical user interface; b. Model segmentation. QUAL2E segments the system into river reaches comprised of equally spaced elements. In contrast, QUAL2K uses unequally-spaced reaches. In addition, multiple loadings and abstractions can be input to any reach; c. Carbonaceous BOD speciation. QUAL2K uses two forms of carbonaceous BOD to represent organic carbon. These forms are a slowly oxidizing form (slow CBOD) and a rapidly oxidizing form (fast CBOD). In addition, non-living particulate organic matter (detritus) is simulated. This detritus materials are composed of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a fixed stoichiometry; d. Anoxia. QUAL2K accommodates anoxia by reducing oxidation reactions to zero at low oxygen levels. In addition, denitrification is modeled as a first-order reaction that becomes pronounced at low oxygen concentrations; e. Sediment-water interactions. Sediment-water fluxes of dissolved oxygen and nutrients are simulated internally rather than being prescribed. That is, oxygen (SOD) and nutrient fluxes are simulated as a function of settling particulate organic matter, reactions within the sediments, and the concentrations of soluble forms in the overlying waters; f. Bottom algae. The model explicitly simulates attached bottom algae; g. Light extinction. Light extinction is calculated as a function of algae, detritus and inorganic solids; h. pH. Both alkalinity and total inorganic carbon are simulated. The river’s pH is then simulated based on these two quantities; i. Pathogens. A generic pathogen is simulated. Pathogen removal is determined as a function of temperature, light, and settling.

5.6.5.1 Modelling Approach and Scope

To develop a representative model for river in question, ambient water quality data and hydraulic characteristics have to be measured on-site, albeit not throughout the entire basin. The model shall also have upper and lower cut-off points relative to the sampling locations. It is recommended that water samples collected be tested for all parameters coherent to the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 79 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Station and Landfill) Regulations, 2009, nitrate (NO3-N), and phosphorous (T-P). In-situ measurements including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, salinity, conductivity and pH also must be done.

Besides the abovementioned requirements, effluent discharge information will also need to be sourced from project proponent, including the design quality and quantity (m3/s). Water quality constituents that shall come under scrutiny for the modeling include; dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrate (NO3-N), phosphorous (T-P), total suspended solids and selected heavy metals. The prescribed scenarios to be modeled using QUAL2K are as follows ;

SCENARIO 1 (BASELINE, NORMAL FLOW) : Current water quality conditions, baseline scenario during normal flow. SCENARIO 2 (BASELINE, LOW FLOW) : Baseline for low flow conditions (same as Scenario 1 except during 7Q10 low flow). SCENARIO 3 (TREATED EFFLUENT DISCHARGE, NORMAL FLOW) : Compliance to Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009 during normal flow. SCENARIO 4 (TREATED EFFLUENT DISCHARGE, LOW FLOW) : Compliance to Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) 2009 during 7Q10 low flow. SCENARIO 5, WORST CASE SCENARIO (RAW LEACHATE DISCHARGE, LOW FLOW) : Treatment system failure during 7Q10 low flow.

5.6.5.2 Data to be Collected

▪ Approximately number of stations : 12 (twelve). ▪ In-situ parameters : DO, %DOsat, temp. salinity, conductivity, pH ▪ Lab analysis : all parameters as per Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations, 2009 + NO3-N + T-P + fecal coliform + total coliform ▪ Hydraulic measurements of depth, width, velocity to derive flow. ▪ 7Q10 data of the area.

6 POSSIBLE IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The proposed Solid Waste Transfer Station project activities are expected to generate impacts which could be both positive as well as negative on the environment. The impact assessment to be undertaken in this study will generally be in terms of project activities during the site clearing, earthwork, constructions and operation phases.

The potential impacts and activities involved are tabulated in Table 6.1.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 80 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Table 6.1 : List of Potential Environmental Impact to be Studied Activity Potential Impact Site Clearing Access road • Ready access available via existing road, thus no potential impact expected. Removal of vegetation. • Site clearing is estimated to clear 150 to 200 of oil palm trees • Soil erosion estimated to be higher during the site clearing is completed • Temporary increase of TSS in tributary of Sg. Pontian Kechil in tandem with the sediment delivery ratio. • Ingress of fill material into waterways. • Dust generation by vehicles and machinery carrying out site clearing. Increase of particulate matter ( PM2.5) in the atmosphere. • Ambient noise level may increase due to heavy machineries usage • Loss of existing ecosystem due to deforestation activity • Deterioration of river water (tributary of Sg. Pontian Kechil) quality due to: - Improper handling of biomass waste. - Waste generated from workers dwelling. • Unsightly appearance. Disposal of biomass • The flora of the proposed site is mainly oil palm and its associated understory of vegetation consisting ferns, herbaceous plants and epiphytes. No endangered or endemic species are found. All oil palm will be sold and the fronds will be disposed to the green area for composting. Earthwork • Cut and fill activities are • Dust generation by construction vehicles and machinery required to achieve the carrying out earthworks. desired platform level. • Air quality degradation due to emissions from machine and vehicles. However, “open” condition of the Project site will ensure that the exhaust fumes are readily dispersed. • Surface runoff generated from the proposed site may subsequently lead to increased sedimentation of tributary of Sg. Pontian Kechil that is located adjacent to the site if appropriate mitigation measures are not taken. • Unsightly appearance. • Slope stability. • Risk of accident. • Soiling of roadways. • Generation of scheduled waste and construction debris can contaminate the soil and waterways if not handled and disposed of properly. • Noise from traffic activity

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 81 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Activity Potential Impact Construction Phase Access road • Deterioration of river water quality (tributary of Sg. Pontian Kechil) due to: Suspension of soil and sedimentation; and • Improper management of site condition. Construction of transfer • Dust generation – by construction vehicles and station machinery carrying out earthworks. • Air quality degradation – caused by emissions from machine and vehicles. However, “open” condition of the Project site will ensure that the exhaust fumes are readily dispersed. • Risk of an accident. • Soiling of roadways. • Spillage and/or leakage of fuel, oils and lubricants, either through improper storage or improper maintenance of machinery/equipment. This can cause oil and grease contamination of the drainage channels leading to the marine and river water. • Ambient noise level may increase due to heavy machineries dan lorries • Improper management of construction waste will contaminate land besides and reduce the aesthetic value of the area. Storm water drainage • Soil erosion during construction of drainage system • Placement of clay and liner could cause erosion if not done properly • Increased runoff can cause flooding to downstream areas. • Dust generation during dry period • Ambient noise level may increase due to heavy machineries usage

Leachate collection and • Liner perforated which lead to leachate contamination treatment plant of surface and groundwater • Flooding if there is leakage in the liners

Ancillary facilities (perimeter • Generation of solid and sanitary waste from the fencing, guard house, workers camp and workers health issue weighbridge, buy back • If foreign workers are employed, it may pose a safety centre, workshop, and social issue with local villagers. composting area and drying • Improper housekeeping and waste management at the bed) work areas provides breeding ground for mosquitoes, flies and rats that will result in health hazard to the workers. Increase in parasitic disease. • Fugitive dust and noise from the movement of construction vehicles • Soil contamination from fuel tanks workshop and machineries

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 82 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Activity Potential Impact Transport of machinery, • Road congestion because of slow movement while material, construction transporting heavy machineries equipment and worker • Increase in traffic flow on the existing road (Jalan J113). • Vehicular traffic on the existing road may encounter inconveniences from the movement of heavy vehicles into and out of the site. • Spillage and/or leakage of fuel, oils and lubricants, either through improper storage or improper maintenance of machinery/equipment. This can cause oil and grease contamination of the drainage channels leading to the river water. Biomass and construction • Generation of construction waste such as sawn timber, waste disposal pipes, concrete pieces and etc. • Improper management of construction waste will contaminate the soil and waterways as well as reduce the aesthetic value of the area. Post Construction Stage Heavy machineries, worker’s • Upon completion of the construction works, the closure base camp, material storage of the work site includes the heavy machineries, area and site office workers’ base camp, material storage areas will decrease the aesthetic value and hazard to the public. Waste management • Wastes generated are mainly construction debris, packing materials, rags, used oil, metal scrap and bulk waste. Improper disposal and management of wastes can result in contamination of water body and soil. Excavated area and exposed • Water ponding area and subsequently caused a area breeding of mosquitoes. • Open area will caused a soil erosion. Operations Stage Transportation of solid • Air pollution from exhaust emission and fugitive dust waste from truck movement • Traffic congestion and safety issue • Road littering from moving trucks • Road surface contamination due to mud/earth from trucks if washing bay not functioning • Road wear and tear • Leachate generation during domestic waste collection and compaction • Nearby local community will be impacted due to noise from movement of RORO trucks to and from the transfer station • Odour nuisance to the surrounding community Tipping operation • Air pollution from exhaust emission from vehicles • Safety and health risk due to skin contact with leachate, gas and odour • Odour nuisance • Floor wear and tear •

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 83 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Activity Potential Impact Composting • Open composting could potentially become mosquito breeding grounds, cockroaches and mice. Maintenance and repair of • Water and groundwater contamination due to structures (equipment and mismanagement of stormwater facilities), slope stabilization, drain, silt, sediment traps and access road

Operation and maintenance • Soil contamination sourced from leaked diesel from of equipment and ancillary equipment or machineries facility • Water contamination from malfunction of Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP) and leachate will be discharged and untreated • Ambient noise level may increase due to equipment and machineries usage

6.1 Mitigation Measures to be Incorporated in the Design

Various mitigation measures will be recommended to minimise the potential significant impacts as a result of the project development during the site clearing, earthwork, constructions and operation phase. It is important that these mitigation measures is implemented and integrated into the overall site development plan for optimal results.

The extent of these mitigation measures will depend largely on the magnitude and duration of the activities. All proposed mitigation measures have to be duly considered and incorporated into the schedule of work to ensure its implementation at the appropriately time.

The summary of proposed possible mitigation measures is listed in Table 6.2.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 84 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Table 6.1: Proposed Mitigation Measures Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures Site Clearing Stage Soil erosion • Soil erosion due to exposed surface • Land clearing to be carried out in phases to reduce too much exposed surface. • Site clearing shall be conducted during dry season. • Stabilize disturbed area within 14 days to minimize erosion.

Ambient Air Quality • Dust generation from vehicular movement at • Site- water spraying shall be carried out to minimize unpaved access road, during palm oil logging fugitive dust emission along the access routes. activity.

Ambient Noise Level • Ambient noise level may increase due to heavy • Need to review Site Investigation and Geotechnical machineries usage Reports before possible mitigating measures. • Regular maintenance and frequent servicing of machineries.

River Water Quality • Sediment runoff from the loosened soil may • Land Disturbing – Pollution Prevention and Mitigation increase the TSS and turbidity levels of the Measures (LD-P2M2) shall be prepared and implemented receiving waterways. on site. • Spillage and/or leakage of fuel, oils and • Best management practices for biomass handling. lubricants, either through improper storage or • Open burning is strictly prohibited improper maintenance of machinery/equipment • Proper workers camp with facilities shall be provided could cause contamination of the drainage • Storage and handling of scheduled waste is to be carried channels. out according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled • Indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes and debris Wastes) Regulations, 2005. by the workers and improper discharge of sewage and sullage from workers dwelling could cause pollution of the rivers.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 85 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures Ecosystem • Change of existing ecosystem due to site clearing • From the viewpoint of conservation, the loss of flora at the site is not a cause for concern as the vegetation is primarily either agricultural or secondary in nature and many of the species were introduced. The removal of this vegetation will not jeopardize the biodiversity of plant species. • During site clearing, the more mobile fauna within the proposed site will migrate to the adjacent agriculture land but the less mobile ones will probably perish. Generally, the impact on the fauna diversity is expected to be minimal as no endemic species were found in the area. Biomass Disposal • Improper biomass management can cause • The oil palm tree trunks will be sold while the fronds and pollution of land and water bodies. other vegetation foliage will be composted at suitable locations within the site that will be earmarked as green areas. • Burning of cut vegetation is strictly prohibited to avoid deterioration of the atmospheric quality. Earthwork Stage Ambient Air Quality • Increase of particulate matter (PM2.5) in the • All vehicles/machinery used for earthwork activities atmosphere. should be checked and maintained regularly to ensure • The emissions from construction vehicles and they are in good condition so that no excessive gaseous construction activity could increase the NOx, SOx pollutants are emitted from the exhausts. and CO levels in the ambient air. • Site- water spraying shall be carried out to minimize • The movement of traffic could stir up dust fugitive dust emission along the access routes. particulates, degrading the air quality • Burning of cleared vegetation, solid waste and/or construction debris is strictly prohibited. • Vehicles transporting construction materials or debris should be properly covered with canvas sheets and secured properly to minimise dust and particulate dispersion to the surrounding atmosphere.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 86 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures • The wheels of construction or transportation vehicles should be washed thoroughly (e.g. in a wash trough) before leaving the project site to prevent the tracking of mud on public roads. • Vehicles should travel at low speeds especially during the dry season to minimize dust turbulence. The construction of speed bumps along access roads will prevent the speeding of trucks. • Wetting of the site (e.g. water bowser) should be carried out as and when needed to prevent dust turbulence. Ambient Noise Level • Ambient noise level may increase due to heavy • Regular maintenance and frequent servicing of machineries and lorries machineries and lorries.

River Water Quality • Surface runoff generated from the proposed site • Land Disturbing – Pollution Prevention and Mitigation may subsequently lead to increased Measures (LD-P2M2) shall be prepared and implemented sedimentation of tributary of Sg. Pontian Kechil on site. that is located adjacent to the site if appropriate • Proper workers camp with facilities shall be provided mitigation measures are not taken. • Waste generated from workers dwelling. Safety and Health • Risk of accident. • Transporter/vehicles to follow the speed limit • Physical hazards from falling and injuries, risks • Safety briefing and awareness to the workers from movement of heavy machinery, physical hazards from contact with disturbances.

Construction Stage Ambient Air Quality • Increase of particulate matter (PM2.5) in the • Regular maintenance and frequent servicing of atmosphere. machineries and lorries. • Release of SO2, NOx/CO due to • Site- water spraying shall be carried out to minimize lorries/machineries used fugitive dust emission along the access routes. • Dust generation during dry period

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 87 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures Water Quality • Soiling of roadways. • Land Disturbing – Pollution Prevention and Mitigation • Spillage and/or leakage of fuel, oils and Measures (LD-P2M2) shall be prepared and implemented lubricants, either through improper storage or on site. improper maintenance of machinery/equipment. • Proper workers camp with facilities shall be provided This can cause oil and grease contamination of • Regular maintenance and frequent servicing of machineries the drainage channels leading to the river water. and lorries. • Deterioration of river water (Tributary of Sg. Pontian Kechil) quality due to suspension of contaminants found in sediment in the water column

Ambient Noise Level • Ambient noise level may increase due to heavy • Regular maintenance and frequent servicing of machineries machineries and lorries and lorries.

Erosion • Soil erosion due to exposed surface • Land clearing to be carried out at develops area only. • Site clearing shall be conducted during dry season. • Stabilize disturbed area within 14 days to minimize erosion. Road Traffic • Movement of heavy machineries/vehicles on • Transporter/vehicles to follow the speed limit public roads may increase the traffic volume. • Safety briefing and awareness to the workers • Risk accident. • Vehicular traffic on the existing road may encounter inconveniences from the movement of heavy trucks into and out of the site.

Safety and health • Risk of lorry collision and accident. • Transporter/vehicles to follow the speed limit • Physical hazards from falling and injuries, risks • Workers to follow the instructions and guidance, safety from movement of heavy machinery, physical and security hazards from contact with disturbances. • provide temporary shoring as appropriate and needed, provide adequate

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 88 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures • required safety personal protection equipment, provide first aid kits on site, provide emergency paths and exits where needed, and wear all proper safety equipment at all times. • Ensure the presence of personnel with the minimum first aid skills at construction site all times Socio-economic • Enhancement of employment opportunities. • Inform residents and the public and commercial areas of • Potential of respiratory or skin diseases schedules as well as with the management plans prepared • Impacts will be occurred on the community by the operators. health in the surrounding area, this may include : • The local community will be shared by the information - dust resulted from movement of heavy about the construction of the transfer station, in addition machinery, to the site visits of the social community committee to - odour and gas emissions would cause monitor the progress of work. nuisance to surrounding community, - impacts of heavy machinery movement, - the presence of pathogens, vectors and insects.

Post Construction Stage Heavy machineries, worker’s base • Upon completion of the construction works, the • All machineries shall be demobilisation from the Project camp, material storage area and closure of the work site includes the heavy site site office machineries, workers’ base camp, material • Septic tank or portable toilet shall be remove from the storage areas will decrease the aesthetic value Project site; and hazard to the public. • Temporary buildings and infrastructure should be demolished and • Oil spills should be cleaned up by scooping it in other container to prevent possible oil contamination to the ground. The contaminated soil should be treated or send to approved licensed facility.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 89 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures Waste management • Wastes generated are mainly construction • All wastes will be segregated into scheduled and non- debris, packing materials, rags, used oil, metal scheduled wastes; scrap and bulk waste. Improper disposal and • All non-scheduled wastes generated during construction management of wastes can result in shall be collected and removed by a contractor to an contamination of water body and soil. approved waste disposal site; • Scheduled waste generated from the construction stage such as used oil, waste of paint and contaminated rags shall be handling in according to the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 2005; - The wastes should be stored in sealed drums, labelled and placed in a designated scheduled waste storage area; - Separate compartments should be provided for different groups of incompatible wastes; - Scheduled wastes will be collected by licensed collector and disposed at approved licensed facility. • Construction debris and bulky waste shall be collected and removed by a contractor to at approved construction waste disposal site. Excavated area and exposed area • Water ponding area and subsequently caused a • Excavated areas should be filled up to reduce problems of breeding of mosquitoes. ponding. Fill areas should be compacted and turfed; • Open area will caused a soil erosion. • The site should also be free from standing water to avoid breeding of mosquitoes; • Exposed areas shall be turfed as far as possible to reduce soil erosion; • Silt traps should be continuously maintained until the land is fully revegetated.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 90 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures Operation Stage Odour nuisance • Odour nuisance to the surrounding community • Efficient process work flow, a regular sweeping and due to leachate leaking at the road side. washing down of the floors and walls. • Odour nuisance to the surrounding community • Install mist system into the ventilation system. due to leachate generation at the transfer station. • Use of vehicle installed with leachate collection and it has to be in good maintenance. • Use of face mask and other PPE for the workers. Road Traffic • Road wear and tear • The trucks should also, as far as possible, avoid using the • Traffic congestion and safety issue public roads during the weekends when more road users • Road littering from moving trucks are expected to ply the road. • Road surface contamination due to mud/earth • Adequate warning signs should be put up at suitable from trucks if washing bay not functioning locations to forewarn road users of the existence of the • Nearby local community will be impacted due to project activities. noise from movement of RORO trucks to and from • During busy times, flagmen should be employed to assist in the transfer station the direction of traffic when site vehicles are converging to the main traffic flow.

Ambient air quality • Air pollution from exhaust emission and fugitive • Regular maintenance and frequent servicing of machineries dust from truck movement and lorries. • Air pollution from exhaust emission from vehicles

Socio economy • Enhancement of employment opportunities. • Inform residents and the public and commercial areas of • Potential of respiratory or skin diseases schedules as well as with the management plans prepared • Impacts will be occurred on the community health by the operators. in the surrounding area, this may include: • A comprehensive compost management and pollution - odour and gas emissions would cause control plan shall be develop. nuisance to surrounding community, - impacts of heavy machinery movement, - the presence of pathogens, vectors and insects.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 91 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Environmental component Potential Impact Mitigation measures • Safety and health risk due to skin contact with leachate, gas and odour • Open composting could potentially become mosquito breeding grounds, cockroaches and mice. River Water Quality • Waste water discharge from leachate treatment • Provide LTP and ensure that the final discharge from LTP is plant (LTP) complying with the Schedule II (Section 13), Environmental • Waste water generated from open composting Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer area Station and Landfill) Regulation 2009.

Ambient Noise Level • Ambient noise level may increase due to heavy • Regular maintenance and frequent servicing of machineries machineries and lorries and lorries.

Leachate • Leachate generation during domestic waste • Paving the ground of the transfer station with a concrete collection and compaction pavement, • Soil contamination sourced from leaked diesel • Separated collection system and leachate tank in order to from equipment or machineries prevent the soil and groundwater contamination by • Water contamination from malfunction of LTP and leachate. leachate will be discharged and untreated • Use of vehicle installed with leachate collection and it must be in good condition and well maintenance. • Install LTP and it must be maintained with regular maintenance schedule.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 92 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

7 USE OF PREVIOUSLY APPROVED EIA REPORTS OR STUDIES

There are no EIA studies conducted at the proposed project site. Other study to be referred is as follows:

a. Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Seelong Sanitary Landfill Development Mukim Senai – Kulai, Daerah Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim; and b. Review of the National Water Resources (2000 – 2050) and Formulation of Water Resources Policy – Volume 17 Johor, Final Report, August 2011 (Environmental Aspect) by Ranhill Consulting Sdn Bhd.

8 LIST DRAWINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

No. List of Maps Figure Number Page Number

1. Location Plan Figure 2.1 3 2. Layout Plan Figure 2.2 6 3. Proposed Access Road Figure 2.10 24 4. Topography Map Figure 4.7 46 5. Geology Map Figure 4.9 55 6. Landuse within 500m Radius Figure 4.1 39 7. Landuse Map (5 km Radius) Figure 4.2 40

8. Photograph around the Project Site Plate 3 – Plate 9 93 - 94

Photographs Around The Project Site

2/NOV/2018 N 1’31’56.71 E 103’30’56.01

Plate 3: View within the Project Site

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 93 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

2/NOV/2018 N 1’31’55.84 E 103’31’5.61

Plate 4: View of the Existing Landfill

Project Site Existing Landfill

2/NOV/2018 N 1’31’55.84 E 103’31’5.61

Plate 5: View Project site and Exiting Landfill

Plate 6: Access Road to the Project Site

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 94 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

Kg Air Puteh Vegetable farm Wooden Factory

2/NOV/2018

Plate 7: View to the North of the Project Site

Project Site

Recycle Centre 2/NOV/2018 Existing Landfill N 1’31’55.84 E 103’31’5.61

Plate 8: Recycle Centre Located 250 m from the Project Site

7/NOV/2018 N 1’31’23.30 E 103’30’54.33

Plate 9: Residential Area Located 1.2 km from the Project Site

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 95 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

9 REFERENCES

1. Burton, C.K. (1973): Geology And Mineral Resources, Johore Bahru – Kulai Area, South Johore. Map Bull. 2, Geol. Survey Malaysia, Ministry of Primary Industries, Malaysia, Govt. Printing Press, Ipoh. 72 p. 2. Department of Environment (2016) Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines in Malaysia. 3. Department of Environment, Malaysia (1996). Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion and Siltation in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Environment, Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. 4. Department of Environment, Malaysia (2000). A Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines (3rd Edition). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Environment, Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. 5. Department of Environment, Malaysia (2005). Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) regulations 2005. Environmental Quality Act 1974 [Act 127]. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Environment, Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. 6. Department of Environment, Malaysia (2005). Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) regulations 2005. Environmental Quality Act 1974 [Act 127]. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Environment, Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. 7. Department of Environment, Malaysia (2009). Environmental Quality (Clean Air) regulations 2009. Environmental Quality Act 1974 [Act 127]. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Environment, Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. 8. Department of Environment, Malaysia (2009). Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluents) regulations 2009. Environmental Quality Act 1974 [Act 127]. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Environment, Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. 9. Department of Environment, Malaysia (2015). Environmental Quality Act 1974 [Act 127]. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Environment, Ministry of Sciences, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia. 10. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (2012). Manual Saliran Mesra Alam. Kuala Lumpur. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Water, Land and Natural Resources 11. Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia (2008). Peta Geology. Department of Mineral and Geoscience. Ministry of Housing and Local Government. 12. Department of Town and Country Planning (2005). The National Physical Plan. Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Ministry of Housing and Local Government. 13. Ghazali, N. H. M. (2006). Coastal erosion and reclamation in Malaysia. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 9(2), 237-24 14. Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127), Regulation, Rules and Orders, 2016, International Law Book Services.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 96 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

15. Government of Malaysia (1920). Water Act 1920. Laws of Malaysia Act 418. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 16. Government of Malaysia (1954). Street, Aboriginal People Act 1954. Laws of Malaysia Act 134. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 17. Government of Malaysia (1972). Protection of Wildlife Act 1972. Laws of Malaysia. Act 76. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 18. Government of Malaysia (1974). Occupational Safety and Health Act 1974. Laws of Malaysia Act 514. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 19. Government of Malaysia (1974). Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974. Laws of Malaysia Act 133. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 20. Government of Malaysia (1976). Local Government Act 1976. Laws of Malaysia. Act 171. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 21. Government of Malaysia (1979). Town and Country Planning Act 1979. Laws of Malaysia. Act 172. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 22. Government of Malaysia (1980). Street National Parks Act 1980. Laws of Malaysia Act 226. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 23. Government of Malaysia (1984). National Forestry Act 1984. Laws of Malaysia. Act 313. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 24. Government of Malaysia (2005). National Heritage Act 2005. Laws of Malaysia Act 645. In: Government Printing Press, Kuala Lumpur. 25. International Law Book Services (2016) Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127) regulation, Rules & Orders. 26. McDonald, M. G., A. W. Harbaugh and o. a. o. MODFLOW (2003). "The history of MODFLOW." Groundwater 41(2): 280-283. 27. Null, W.S., Acton, C.J. & Wong, I.F.T. (1965): Reconnaissance Soil Survey of Southern Johore. Malayan Soil Survey report No. 1/1965, Soil Science Division, Dept. of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, 72 p. 28. Ramli, A. T., Rahman, A. T. A., & Lee, M. (2003). Statistical prediction of terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate based on geological features and soil types in Kota Tinggi district, Malaysia. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 59(5-6), 393-405. 29. Saleh, M. A., Ramli, A. T., Alajerami, Y., & Aliyu, A. S. (2013). Assessment of natural radiation levels and associated dose rates from surface soils in Pontian district, Johor, Malaysia. J Ovonic Res, 9(1), 17-27. 30. Saleh, M. A., Ramli, A. T., Hamzah, K. b., Alajerami, Y., Moharib, M., & Saeed, I. (2015). Prediction of terrestrial gamma dose rate based on geological formations and soil types in the Johor State, Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 148, 111-122. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.019 31. Zafar, M., & Alappat, B. (2004). Landfill surface runoff and its effect on water quality on river Yamuna. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 39(2), 375- 384.

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. 97 Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur

ATTACHMENT 1

IKTISAS ENVIRONMENT SDN. BHD. Lot 303C, Lorong Selangor, Fasa 4B, Pusat Bandar Melawati, 53100 Kuala Lumpur