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The Courses of the Thomas Hutchins

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THE COURSES OF THE OHIO RIVER

taken by Lt. T. HUTCHINS Anno 1766 and Two Accompanying Maps

Edited by BEVERLY W. BOND, JR.

Curator, Historical and Philosophical Society of Ohio, and Professor of History, University of Cincinnati

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Cincinnati HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO 1942

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PUBLICATIONS OF THE HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO

1942

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To the Memory of L. BELLE HAMLIN,

for many years the loyal and efficient Librarian of the Society

Contents Page

Introduction 11

Courses of the Ohio River, 1766, Thomas Hutchins 17

Map of the Ohio River, 1766, Captain Harry Gordon 75

Table of Distances from to the Mouth of the Ohio, 1766, Captain Harry Gordon 77

Map of a Tour from Fort Cumberland North Westward etc. 1762, Thomas Hutchins 79

Explanations and Table from Hutchins^ Map, 1762 81

Itinerary of a Tour from Fort Cumberland North Westward etc. 1762, Thomas Hutchins 85

Illustrations

Frontispiece, A Plan of the Rapids, Thomas Hutchins. Opposite Pencil Sketches, from Hutchins' Ms. Courses of the Ohio River, 1766: Page

1. Mouth of the Little Miami River 45

2. Mouth of the Kentucky River 50

3. To illustrate Course "S26W" : 51

4. Mouth of the Tallow (Salt) River 55

5. To illustrate Course "S79W" 59

6. To illustrate important stretches, Courses "S52>^W" to "S66KW" 62

7. To illustrate channel, Courses "S40W" to "W2i^W" 63

8. To illustrate channel, Courses "S84KW" to "S56W" 65 9. To illustrate channel, Courses "S33KW" to "S13E" 66

10. To illustrate especially difficult channel. Courses "S40W" to "S19W" 71

11. Mouth of Cherokee (Tennessee) River 72

Introduction

The three manuscripts printed in this volume mark an important advance in the cartography of the Old Northwest. Following La Salle's journey in 1669 down the Ohio as far as the Falls at Louisville, there were many other explora- tions, until by the middle of the Eighteenth Century, Lewis Evans' map was able to give the general location of the river.' But there were still many inac- curacies, and it was evident that an exact survey of the twisting channel was

necessary if there was to be really extensive transportation upon the eleven hundred and sixty-odd miles of this waterway from Fort Pitt to the . This need Thomas Hutchins met in his manuscript Courses of the Ohio River, which is now in the Huntington Library.- Based upon it was the Alap of the Ohio River by Captain Harry Gordon in 1766, now in the Library of Congress, and the first known map of the Ohio which gives accurate details.^ Supple- menting Captain Gordon's map, the manuscript map by Hutchins in 1762, gives the geographical outline of the Ohio region and Michigan. The scope of

this map, which also is in the Huntington Library, is sufficiently indicated by the lengthy legend; A Tour from Fort Cumberland North Westward round part of the Lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan, including part of the Rivers St. Joseph, the Wabash and Miamis, with a Sketch of the Road from thence by the Lower Shawnee Town to Fort Pitt, 1762.^ Of Captain Harry Gordon little is known, except that he was an officer in the British army, and was chief engineer of the Western Department in 1766. Thomas Hutchins, however, was one of the most important figures in the post- Revolutionary American occupation of the Old Northwest.^ Appointed geog- rapher of the in 1781, he put the Ordinance of 1785 into effect by his surveys of the Geographer's Line and the Seven Ranges. The successful completion of this important work would have been impossible without Hutchins' earlier experience in the British service. Coming first to the Ohio Valley as a lieutenant of the Pennsylvania militia, in Forbes' campaign against Fort Pitt, at the end of hostilities he made Fort Pitt his headquarters, and probably in

1. Lewis Evans, Map of the Middle British Colonies (. 1755), Map Division, Library of Congress: L. H. Gipson, Uwis Evans (Philadelphia. 1939). 55-72, 171-175, 231.

2. The Courses of the Ohio River taken by Lt. T. Hutchins anno. 1766, Huntington Library. Mss. H M 642.

3. Map of the Ohio River, by Captain Harry Gordon. 1766. Map Division. Library of Congress.

4. A Manuscript Map of a Tour from Fort Cumberland to Fort Pitt, etc. 1 762, Thomas Hutchins. Huntington Library Mss. H M 1091. This map has already been reproduced, but on so small a scale as to be of little real value. William L. Jenks, The "Hutchins" Map of Michigan, Michigan History Magazine, 10. (Lansing 1926). 363; Historical Atlas of the Great Lakes and Michigan, prepared by Louis C. Karpinski (Lansing. 1931).

5. F. C. Hicks, Biographical Sketch of Thomas Hutchins, in reprint of Hutchins, Topographical Description (Cleveland, 1904). 7-66. [ 12 ]

1762 received a commission as ensign in the regular British army. Up to the outbreak of the Revolution, as an assistant engineer, he made many surveys in the Western region, and took extensive journeys upon official missions to the Illinois and Mississippi country, and even to Pensacola. Hutchins had an important part, also, in Bouquet's expedition in 1764 against the Delaware and Shawnee Indians. Altogether, when he drew up his Courses of the Ohio River in 1766, Hutchins was well acquainted with the topography of the valley and the area to the northward. The importance of Hutchins' surveys was appreciated by the British officials in charge of the Western country. General Gage, commander-in-chief of the forces in America for the decade, 1763-1773, commended his work in the highest terms, both as a surveyor and as a confidential agent. His reports, Gage con- sidered, were without bias and to be depended upon. His surveys, Gage had found, after comparing them with those of other officials, were exact, and his observations were judicious and reliable.* Of the work of Captain Harry Gordon, Gage wrote with equal approval. Especially did he mention Gordon's descrip- tion of the country, and his list of the distances between important points, as he had recorded them on his trip down the Ohio in 1766. Altogether, according to General Gage, Gordon's work had been done, "with more accuracy than by any other person."' Hutchins' Courses of the Ohio River, 1766, is the first known hydrographic

survey of the river. Describing each course, it gives the direction, the time re- quired for navigation, the speed of the current, and other important details of these separate stretches. The data Hutchins secured during an expedition down the river which started from Fort Pitt (), June 18, 1766. Its main purpose was to conciliate and to build up trade with the Indians of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and George Croghan, the well-known Penn- sylvania Indian trader, was in command.' Accompanying him were Captain Harry Gordon and Ensign Thomas Hutchins, the two of them under orders from General Gage to map the courses of the Ohio, and to take the latitude and longitude of the important points along the route. George Morgan, of the Philadelphia firm of Baynton, Morgan, and Company, went along too, with large supplies of goods for the Indian trade. Also, there were about one hundred Iroquois and a considerable number of Delawares and Shawnees, the entire party with its baggage filling seventeen canoes.' Croghan and his party reached the mouth of the Ohio, August 7, approxi-

6, Gage to Hillsborough, October I, 1771, and to Dartmouth, March 3. 1773, Correspondenu of General Thomas Cage. C. E. Carter, ed. (New Haven, 1931). I, 309-310. 347.

7, Gage lo Shelburne, February 22, 1767, Ibid.. 121; Post, 77. Trail (New 8, Instrurtions to George Croghan from Thos. Gage, April 16, 1766, C. A. Hanna, Thf Wilderness York and , 1911), 2, 38-39.

II, 9, Gage to Shelburne. November 11, 1766, and February 22, 1767, Gage Correspondenu, Carter, ed. 113, 121-122; A. T. Volwiler, George Croghan and the Westward Movement (Cleveland, 1926), 195. I 13 ] mately seven weeks from Fort Pitt, the leisurely trip affording Hutchins ample opportunity to undertake a thorough hydrographic survey of the entire length of the river. According to Hutchins' usual custom, the Courses of the Ohio River was not a mere detailed survey, but it included many additional items, such as; the depth of the stream, striking formations in its bed and on its banks, the vegetation on the banks, and the mouths of important tributaries, and even the location of good camping sites. Frequently, on the margin of the manuscript, Hutchins scribbled pencil sketches to show in detail the topography of the mouths of important streams, of dangerous channels, and of the larger islands. For the most difficult section of the Ohio, the Falls, Hutchins drew an elaborate map which was based upon the surveys and observations he had made during the four days' stay of Croghan and his party at this strategic point. This map supplementing the many details in the Courses regarding the channel and the river bed at the Falls, was of greatest importance in opening up this difficult stretch of water to navigation.'" Hutchins' surveys were of course the basis of Captain Harry Gordon's Map of the Ohio River, the first really accurate map of the Ohio with its main courses in detail, and its principal tributaries. Supplementing this map, as well as Hutchins' Courses is Captain Gordon's Journal of the expedition down the Ohio which has already been published." George Croghan, too, in a rather elaborate report that was concerned chiefly with the objects of his own mission, incidentally gave interesting details which supplement the Cotirses.^'- Also, a brief journal which Hutchins kept during a journey down the Ohio in 1768, gives much illustrative material." The third manuscript in this volume, Hutchins' map of a Tour from Fort Cumberland North Westward, etc. in 1762, was compiled from varied sources. The route from Fort Cumberland to Fort Pitt, Hutchins doubtless copied from one of many available maps. The route from Fort Pitt to Venango and Presque Isle he doubtless drew from observations during a journey in July, 1760, shortly after he established his headquarters at Fort Pitt." But the most important feature of this map is the route of an extensive tour by Hutchins in 1762.'^ Traveling at first by land, Hutchins and his party took the trail from Fort Pitt to Sandusky. Thence by water they skirted along the shores of Lakes Erie and Huron, past Detroit and Mackinaw. From Mackinaw they paddled along the

10. Post. 54 (note 34); also see the pencil sketches reproduced from Hutchins' manuscript. Ante. 9.

11, Travels in the American Colonies, N. D. Mereness, ed.. (New York, 1916). 464-473. Extracts from Gordon's Journal are found also in , Topographical Description .... of the Middle British Colonies (London. 1776), Appendix IV. 2-6.

12, Croghan to Gag< 197.

13, Thos. Hutchins, Journal from Port Pitt to the Mouth of the Ohio. 1768, Indiana Historical Society Publicatii 2 (Indianapolis, 1895), 418-421.

14, A Journal of a March from Fort Pitt to Venango, and from thence to Presque Isle. July 1760. Pennsylva Magazine of History. II (Philadelphia. 1878). 149-153. 15, Jenks, The "Hutchins" Map of Michigan. Mich. Hist. Magazine. 10, 358-373; Post. 79S. 1 14 1

eastern shore of Lake Michigan, with a side trip to Puans Bay (Green Bay) and Fort St. Xavier (Green Bay, Wis.), and then to Fort St. Joseph on the St. Joseph River. From there, the party travelled again overland to Fort Miami (Fort Wayne), with a side trip down the Wabash Valley to Fort Ouiatenon, just below present-day Lafayette, Indiana. Returning to the main route, they resumed the trail to the Lower Shawnee Town (Portsmouth, Ohio), and then to Fort Pitt. With the accuracy characteristic of all Hutchins' work, this map indicated the chief streams, and often even the width of the crossings. The Remarks which were jotted down on the map were doubtless for use in the Journal Hutchins kept of his tour in 1762. Of special interest is his estimate of the warriors in the Indian tribes on the way. Obviously any such list must be regarded with much suspicion, but Hutchins' well known accuracy lends con- siderable weight to this particular one. Twelve years later, in making up the more extensive list of Indian warriors in his Topographical Description, Hutchins apparently checked this earlier list with the one compiled in 1765 by George Croghan who was in a peculiarly favorable position to make such an estimate."^ Hutchins used the material gathered in his journeys down the Ohio, and in the Ohio and Michigan areas, as well as the three manuscripts in this volume, in the composition of his Topographical Description with an accompanying map. This work, which was published in London in 1778, gained quick recognition as the authoritative guide to the Ohio Valley and the nearby areas. In post- Revolutionary days, along with the different journals, maps, and reports which

Hutchins had compiled in the pre-Revolutionary era, it became of very great importance in the extension of American power and settlement in the Ohio Valley. One of the practical means through which this influence was exerted was Cramer's Navigator or the Trader's Useful Guide in Navigating the Mononga- hela, Allegheny, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.^'' The lengthy title is suf^cient indication of the scope of this early Western Baedeker, which was soon used by the immigrant even more extensively than by the trader. The earliest editions merely gave printed directions with regard to the channel, noting the chief bars and the like and the islands. But in later editions there were detailed sectional maps of the Ohio River which were evidently based directly upon Hutchins' Courses and Gordon's Map. In collecting the material for this volume, the editor wishes to acknowledge his obligation to Dr. Max Farrand, former Director of the Huntington Library, for helpful suggestions, and for permission to reproduce Hutchins' Courses of the Ohio River, 1766, and his map of the Tour from Fort Cumberland, etc., in 1762. Likewise, Colonel Lawrence Martin of the Map Division, Library of Congress,

16, Thomas Hutchins, A Topographical Dtsc (London, 1778), Appendix III, 65-67; Croghan s Jo land, 1926). 167-169; Post. 83.

17, Zadock Cramer, The Navigator (Twelve editions. Pittsburgh, 1801-1824). [ 15 ] has shown much interest in this undertaking, and has given permission to repro- duce Gordon's Map of the Ohio River. The Ohio River Division of the United States Government, also, has given very substantial aid through General E. H. Marks, the former Division Engineer, and Colonel C. L. Hall, the present Division Engineer. Lastly, Miss Eleanor Wilby, librarian of the Historical and Philo- sophical Society of Ohio, and her assistants have given constant and intelligent aid without which the publication of this volume would have been impossible.

Beverley W. Bond, Jr. University of Cincinnati

[ 17 ]

Courses of the Ohio River

taken by T. Hutchins Anno 1766,

Huntington Library Mss. H M 642.

19 . A

[ 20 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slow Hours utes dling

11 N23\V 12 .1... 256. D? All this Course the Land level & Rich o n both sides of the River, for nea M ile back, when they are bound b y Ridg

12 N3\\' .11, .84. D? . . At 1344 Y?' a large Run

on the 1 eft sid e of th Rive r wher e the Ridge close to the bank; on the Right le vel for some distan

13 N9E .39. .392. D? At 1680 Yf' the Logs Town o n the r ight ha nd side of the River, the Land h ere is level, with high banks, o n both sides o ftheR iver fo r 2 or t hree H undred Yards from it. At 6048 Yards a n Islan d on th e left

of 14 NlOW 51 m 208. . D? At 1680 Y?' to End the Isla nd, an d at th e end o f the w hole C the end of and Island that

began J ust wh ere the other ended.

15 , N30W .3. . .64. .

16 NIW .15. 1'4 320. . Atll76Y?' a large Run on the left

17 N40W .13. 424 D? A Small bottom on each side of y! River

18 S85W .64.

19 S67W .24. IK .72. D? At 336 \? to Big Beaver Creek on the right O ne Hu ndred & twe nty Ya rds wide. A Ridge all

this Co urse o n the 1 eft, lev el upla nd on the rig ht wit h high banks

20 S50W ..25 2] D? At 880 Yards a high Ridge cl ose on the Ri ght, at a Mile botto m land on the left, and a Ridge on the

Right, a t 2464 Yards Cree kon th e left t wenty Yards wide, which runs thr'o level ric h bott om

8 Min. high Red 21 S70W . .19. 264 D? At

Steep B anks o n Righ t. Tim bered withO aks. A t Ten Minutes Small Island on

Right c overed with Bushes &Sma 11 Tim ber— high R idge on L^—At 14 Min. End of Island Rich Lando n Righ t

French captured 18 . in French Chininguf. was the most important EngUsh trading post on the upper Ohio, until the 1941), 110. 142. It In 1754. B. W. Bond. Jr.. The Foundations of Ohio. vol. I. History of the Stale of Ohio (Columbus, .

[ 21 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Mil Yards Swift Slow utes dling

S53W 264. D?

S38W d?, Bottom on L' on R! a Ridge

S70W d?. At 5 Min. Small Island

on L! at 8 Min utes th eend o f it. he ry Stro ng Wa ter. Level Land on R! a Ridge o nV.

N79W 264. d?

N35W 17. ,352. . At 12 Min. Small Island on R! A t end o f this Course is low er end of Isla nd. S mall Bottom on R' High Ridge o nV.

West 176. Ridge on R' Level Land on V.

S62W 10. ,1, d?. At 8 Min. Little Beaver Creek 4 Y?'o n R! hich R uns th r'o a L arge B

Encam ped he

Thursd ay the 19^*" E mbark edfive Minut es befo re Six oClock A.M. and went

S35W d?. .. Bottom on both sides of the River

S81E .6.. 176.. d?. To a small Island on L' Bottom onR! of Riv er, a R idge on Left

S50W 23. . 2K. .d?. .. At 4 Min. End of Island, low Lan don R URid ge on U at Eight Min. a n Islan d on R! well Timbered, Atl6M in. larg e Run on L' a nd end of the Island onR! level land on Li and small Bottom on R[ bound ed by a high Ridge, At 21 Min. Run on L! at end of the course Run o left which goes th r'o lev el Rich Land

N78W .4 .264. .d?... to a large White Rock on L! le vel Ric hLand on R'. and a Ridge onL^

N33W d?. At 5 Min: Run on R\ low lan don R ight& a Ridg e on L'. At Si X Min Run on Left. At end of Course Rocky Ridge onRi Low L and on Left H . —

22 Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

34 S88VV ...5.. d?... At 4 Min. three White Rocks o n R!at foot of highS teep R ocky R at end of the Course a Run on Left

35 S69W 14.. ..IK. 264. . At 4 Min. Run on R'. level R ich La nd on L^— ills on Right

36 S35W 21. . 176 .D? .. At 4 Min. Run on R! At Ten Mi n: aSp ot of cl eared upland onRi a Ridg eon Ri ght }4 Mile from the

River, s mall B ottoms on left , level upland on Ri ght

37 S25W .5 d?. . At three Min: an Island

on R\ 2 00 Y?' long, a 11 this Course level Doyed [sic] u pland and high Steep banks o n R!

38 S22E 352. .d?. . At 5 Min. Yellow Creek on R! 3 Y? wide a small b ottom below the mo uth, H ight upland on left of River a ndaR idge o n Righ t—

39 S45E . .10 1. . At one Min. a Run on L' for two Minut es fro m begi nnmg of this Course a Wall of Rocks 12 feet High in

which is a smal 1 Cave with Cemic ircular entra nee at the foot of high Ridge on

Right le vel Ian d on L eft. At 7 Min. an I si and on V. 100 Y?^ Long covered with Bushes, AtN ine Mi n. ano ther Is land n left. High Ridge on Right and a large R ich Bo ttom o n the Left

40 S40E . .13 ..i'4. .d?. .. At 8 Min. End of the Island with S mall T imber, At Te n Min aCree k on le ft 25 Yf' wide, running

thr'o le vel Ric h Land , a Qua rter of a Mile from t he Riv er on each side is a Ridge

41 S30E . .14. .264. .d?. At 5 Min. Small Island

about t he Mid die of the Ri ver wit h Smal ITimb er. At 9 Min. End of the Island,

Doy [s c] upla nd on Riand V. of he Riv er — t end o f Course another little Is- land in Middle of Riv er—lev el upla nd on R^ > Milew ide, High Ridge on Left

42 S27E . .14. 264. .d?. . Small Bottom on each side of River

43 S50E .11 .176 .df. large bottom on L' all this Co urse th ree Qu Mile w ide, an d at th e begin ning on R\ a high Ridge [ 23 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slov Hours utes dling

S32E 264. d?. High Ridge on L' large Bottom on R'.

. this course SIE . .9 .^4 264. d?. large Bottom

on Righ t and a Ridge on Le ft

S15W .14. •IK 264. d?. All this Course large Bottom onR! and a Ridge on Lef t,AtEi ght Mi n. Cree k on Left 20 Y?' wide very

Strait f or Thr eeHun dredY ards u p it, w ith a h igh Ri dge close on each side of it

in S5W 264. . At 2 Min. an Island Middle of the River, with S mall T imber, a Larg e Rock opposite Head of the Is-

land on Right of Riv er at f 00 1 of high R idge, A Ridge on L' of River

S18E 264. d?... Bottom on left. Ridge on Right

S5E 11. 176. Narrow bottom on L'. Ridge on R'

S25W ...7 352 d?. At 3 Min. End of Island,

and beg mning of anot her a li ttle ne arer Ri ght Ha nd Sho re, which continues to

end of t heCou rse

S60E .D? Opposite a large high Rock on left he the Curren remely Stron g, bott om land on R'

S77W .3. . D?

Hill on R'. S35W .6. . 176. D? Level on L^ a

S30E .4. . 264 D? Opposite a large Run on

R!onR i [sic] with a Small Botto n

565 E D? Bottom on L' Ridge on R\

S40E ...6K 264 D? . At 5 Minj Small Creek on Left Runni ng thr' oaBot tom, B ottom on the Right

SIE . .11. . 176. D? .. large Bottom on R' Ridge on L' . —

I 24 1 Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slow Hours utes dling

58 S3E 9 264. . D? At 5 Min. Large Run on L' ru nnmg thr'o a Botto m, Ric h Bott each si de of the River

59 S30E 11 1. 176.. D? All this Course high Ridge o n R^ a nd Ric h Bott om on V.

6(J S6E 10 D? At 2 Min. Small Island

on left a t five Min.E ndof I sland, At Sev en M in The Mingoe Town on R! Situ-

ate on a large 1 evel R ich Pie ceof G round, near t he Ban k of the River,'' a Ridge

on the 1 eft

61 S9W .4 264 ,D? . Level land on R! on left

a small Botto m that . Cree k Runs thr'o

. . . Creek 62 S24W . ..4. 264 .D? At one Minute a on Righ t Twen ty five Y?' wi de wit h high Banks, & ano ther on L' the same Width running thr'o RichB ottom, Ridge half a Mile o n the Right

63 S18W D? level on right

64 S12W 10.. 1 D? Bottom on R\ & V. at

end of t heCou rse hig h Ridg eonR!

. . on L! 65 S2E .12. . .1. .352. D? Large Bottom high Ri R! At nine Min. B ottom begins on R'.

2 Min. Creek on L' 66 S32W 5. . D? At 20 Y^' At fou r Min. high R idge o nL!th is Ridg e Runs Parrallel with the Creek as well as the River Rich Botto m on Right 14 Mil e wide

67 S52W .17. 352. D? . Ridge on L'. Bottom on R\

68 S37W D? At 5 Min. Bottom be- gins on Left

10 Min. Ridge close 69 S13W . .11 176. D? At on right Rich Botto m on L eft

70 S5W 16 .1! 176. D? Bottom on R\ & V. yi Mile wide

History 19 Mingo Town, just below modern Steubenville. was a village of about 70 to 80 renegade Iroquois. J. A. Caldwell. of Btlmont and Jegerson Countits (Wheeling. W. Va. 1880). 526-527. o —

[ 25 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Swift Slow Hours Yards dling

. close S31W 17. . ..VA. 352. D? At 3 Min. Ridge yds on Left, at Te n Min. Creek onRU wenty de, lev el Rich Land on each side

of it, S mall B ottom on Lef tof Ri ver At fourte en M i n. Run on L' Just below

which, t he Rid ge com es clos to th Rive

. S22W 20. . 2. . . D? Bottom Land on right this Co urse a nd a s mall B ottom about half th Coui se on L' at end of Course an Islan din M iddle o ftheR iver

S15W 6. 176.. .D? At 5 Min. End of the Island, this C ourse Botto m on R'. aR idge o nL!

S2E 16. ..IH. .176.. .D? At 6 Min. Small Island near Ri ghtHa nd Sho re. At nineM in. the Lower end of Island. At 10 Min. Is- land in Middl eof Ri ver— pposit e this I sland b ottom on R' ends at 15 Min. the

end of t he Isla nd Pre tty we 11 Tim bered Bott om on left a Ridge on R!

SlOE .3. .D? to M! Morgans Encamp- m'}" and Enca mped

Fryda y 20!'' JuneE mbark ed Sixt een Mi n. afte r 10 oClock. Sailed

Slow .6. .176 D? large Bottom on R'., on left a small one

S28W 264 .D? Bottom on R\ & V. at half the course botto m thre e Quar ters M ile wid e on R ight, Ridge on L' at end of Cour se Bot torn on the R\

S14W D? At one Min. Head of an Island o n R'. la rge Bo this C nR!& V.

S19E ...7 .352 D? large Bottom on each side

Slow . . .3 .D? At 2 Min. Creek on L' 30Yf'w ide, w hich y ou see up it f or four Hund red Ya rds to where a Ridge borders close o n the Lower side"' Large Botto m on R! & v. of the River

S15W . . .5 .D? . . At 3 Min. End of the Island /ith mall T imber. at end of this Course Ridge on R! bottom on L'.

20. This probably was a trading post established by George Morgan, of Baynton, Morgan & Co. of Philadelphia, who accompanied Croghan"s expedition. 21, Probably Wheeling Creek, which empties into the Ohio River at present-day Wheeling. [ 26 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766 27 E —

[ 28 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

105 S2W 10 290 .d? Bottom on L! a Ridge on R! A t Si> Min. a Botto m on t he Rig ht.

106 S20W 123 d? Bottom on V. & R\

Encam ped on the R ight of River

Sunday 22?'' mbark ed one Min. a fter 12 oCloc

107 S5W 23 88 D? .. large Bottom on L' nar- row on R'. At Eight een M in. & o ne half Creek onL! 30 Y?f Ridge on R\ 300 \rds

108 S27\V 6 176 D? . Ridge on R! Continues. Bottom on L! Botto m wid ens on R\ Bottom widens on Right

109 S65VV 352 D? At 5 Min. Ridge close on L! at five M in. & o ne half a Run onR!

110 N85W . .21. 2 176 .D? . At 9 Min. River 300 Vr Broad itfi fteen Min. L ow I si and on L! Bo ttom widens on L!, Log Run

out in a Min. and ha If aQu arter Ridge close o nRiat end of Course

HI S54W .4. . 264 .D° .. At 3 Min. End of Island Bottom widen s on L' Ridge close o n R\

112 S49W At 1 1 Min. large Run on

R\ at T welve Min. Head of Isla nd on v.. Bo ttom o 1 L\, narrow Bottom on R! Bott om wi dens o nR'. A t Twe nty Si X Min. end of Island, Narrow Bott? on

V. Bott om Wi dens o n R! h ere Lo Line Run o ut ii minute. Strong Water along th e Islan d—At 36 Mi n. Rid ge clos e on L! Atfo rty three Min. bottom

begins o nL'. A t48 M in. Ru n on R ^ Botto m wid ens on v., at 59 Min. Log Run out in O ne Mi n., At Sixty Min. I sland o n L! R idge c n Rig' bottom on L', Strong Curren t.AtO ne Ho ur & 7 Min. E nd Isla nd. At One Hour & thirteen Min. R idge cl ose on Left Water 4 Path om De ep

113 S49W . .1 22 252 D? At one Hour & 16 Min. Bottom begins onL'. Narro w Bott om all this C on R\

14 S45W 38 .D? . At 4 Min. an Island on

L'. and a very la rge Ru n on R '. At E ight M in and a half End of Island, At 15 Min. Island o n R! A t Twe nty M in. & o ne half end of Island —Bottom on R! At O A

[ 29 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

Thirty t wo Mi n. Rid ge clos e on L! At 26 Min & a half a Small Creek on R! Bot- torn beg ins on L' End of Cou rse lar ge Bot torn on L^

S30W 36 23- 418 D? At 8K Min. Bottom

very Na rrow o n R! A t Twel ve Min . and o ne half a Run on L^ At 19K Min. Ridge ne Hu ndred Yards on R\ At 22 M Bot torn be gins on R' At Twenty Eight Min.& one ha If a la ge Ru n on L '. At 3 3K M in. Ridge One Hundred Y^^ on R\

S80\V 28 2 176 D? Beginning of this Course

a Ridge close o n L^ B ottom on R; Pretty Large — Atl 3 Min. Run on R\ At fif- teen M in. Bot torn be gins on V. At end of thisC ourse River Seven Hundred Yards B road And a Ridge Close on Rig ht—

S30W lOM 375 D? At 2 Min. Island on R^ Pretty Large Botto m on L eft— t Seve n Min End o f Island, and Encamped

Mond ay 23^^^ June Embar ked for ty five Min. a fter Si X oClock

S39W 16 ..IK 376 .D? Bottom on Left. At 2>^ Min. I si and on LiRid ges clo se on R!&L

Log Ru n out i n half a Min.

S14W . .15 1 220 Df Small Bottom on R' At 2K Run o nR! At five Min Ridge on R! one H undred Y?'At 10 M n. End of Island, on L' narrow Botto m. Bo ttom o nR^R idge cl ose on L; Riv er 350 Yf' since past the Island

N80W . .17 40 D? At 12 Min. large Run on R\ B widens onR! &V.

S70W 29 2 208 D? At 7^4 Min. Run on L' Ridge c lose on R\ Bo ttom o n L! L Ru n out in ^ o f Min. At 9>^ Island close on V. Ha nd sho re. At 13 Mi Isla nd on R'. At fifteen Min. End of Is- land on L^ Riv er 600 Yff Bo ttom o n R!& L^ At Twent y One Min. End of Island o nR!,R iver 40 Y?f n ear en d of C ourse Water Seven Feet, At end of Course an Isla nd on R^

S71VV lOH 1 d? At 8 Min. end of Island,

here the Wate fifteen feet, n Botto R'. larg ; on L' I 30 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift utes dling Slow

23 S58W 36;^ 3K 264 d? Ridge close on R!, Bot-

torn on L'., at Eleven Min. &half Large Run n L! L og Run out in yi a. Min.

Bottom iden s on R\ , Botto m on L Pret ty larg e, Wat er 19 feet, at 28 Min.

Ridge t wo Hu ndred '^ on L' Wa ter 20 feet.

24 S8')W 17 IM 352 d? Bottom on R\ & L! at 12 Min. Large Run o n L! L arge B ottom on R!,

25 N45W 9 264 D? Bottom on R\ & V. The Hills ap pear S mall

26 N15W 31 3 176 D? Log Run out in yi a

Min., Water Twent y feet, Narro ' Bott om on L'. larg e Bottom on R\ where the

Creek Runs t hr'o A t Twe nty On e Min. Creek onR! 25 Y?^

27 N40W 20>^ 2 D? beginning of Course Is- land on R'. W ater S ixteen feet an d half,

28 N74W D? Bottom on R^ & V.

29 N82W 8> 176 D? At one Min. End of Island At Eig ht Min the M usking um Ri ver on R^ Be ars N20W 400 Yf' up— This Ri ver is 250 Ya rds wi de and is in L atitud e39°:l 9' at Eleven Min. & a half Rid ge clos e on R'. Botto on Ll"

130 S45W 30 > 3 D? Water 23 feet. At 22K Min Bo ttom b egins o n R'. A t Twe nty ni ne M; n. & h alf an Island on L'.

31 S58W 39 3H 264 D? Bottom on R\ & V.

At 6 M in Wa ter Tw enty f eet De ep. At Twen ty Min . End of Island. At Twenty fou Min. Ridge on L At Tw enty O ne Mi n Run on R' At Twenty nine M in. Isla nd on R\ At 36 Mi n. end of Isl

32 S8W 26K 2H 264 D? At 10 Min. Water 20 feet, Bo ttom o n L: R idge o n R! A t Twe nty M Island on L'. Level on R! & V. A t Twe nty S X Min. Large Run o nR!

33 S6W 14 264 D? At 6 Min. end of Island- Encam pad-'—

22. Fort Harmar was established in 1785 on the west bank of the at its junction with the Ohio. On the east bank of the Muskingum. Marietta was settled in 1788. Captain Gordon was strongly impressed with the strategic importance of the mouth of the Muskingum. Journal of Captain Harry Gordon. 465. 23. This camp was probably at the site of Belpre, settled in 1789, and opposite the mouth of the Little Kanawha and modern Parkersburg. Just below was the famous Blennerhasset's Island. — B

[ 31 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Swift Slow utes Yards dling

Tuesd ay the 24!" of JuneR d in C amp al 1 Day-

Wedne sday t he 25!" Emba rked fi fty tw o Min. after 5 oCIock

S16W D? Bottom on R! & V. with high nks En th is le Ba dof Cour se Litt Kan hawa [ Kanaw ha] River on V. 100 Y9 Ridge c lose on Lower side o f it Bo ttom o n R!

N83W 33 3 33 D? At 3 Min. Rocky Shore on L; t wo Hu ndred Yf' Ion g—Wa ter Tw elve fe et, Rid ge on V. at 8 Min. Bot- torn beg ins on L^atS ixteen Min.& a half Island on R! on R! side of River one Quarter of a Mile b elow h ead of Island is Neal mac c ollins Cabbin on high

Bank-* — Wat er Twe Ive fee t, (At 27 Mi n. Isla nd on R! Ridge close on L!)

N77W 20 y2 IK 220 D? At 3j4 Min. End of last

Island ( at five Min. a n Islan don R !at nm e Min. end of Island) at III/2 Min. End of the fir St abo ve me ntione d Isla nd— ottom on R! Narrow bottom on

L^ At Eightee n Min . Botto m wid ens on V.

16>2^ S47W 1> 17 D? . Water 20 feet, at 7>^

Min. R idge cl ose on R! at f ourtee n Min. large Run o n R! 1 2 Y?' large Rock on R\ of th e Entr ance

SHE 23 2 183 D? . . Water 18 feet, at 7 Min. High R ocky S hore, a t thirt een M in. Ro cks en ds— lo w Ridge close on R! Bottom on L! at Eig hteen min. R un on V. Bot torn be gins on R!

S61W 6 176 D? At 3}4 Min. Island on L: 200 V^' bo ttom o n R! R idge cl ose on L!

S70W 14 1K_ 264 D? Water 19K feet, Bottom on R! at 7 Min Botto m begi ns on L!, Na n R!, End of the Course Island on R!

S37W 10 D? Water 17 feet, at 8 Min. End Is! and Ridge onR!

S33W 10 Bottom on L\, at 6 Min. Bottom on R\ Ridge on L!

24, This is an interesting bit of evidence that squatters had already begun to settle on the rich bottoms along the west bank of the Ohio. Bond, The Foundations of Ohio. 2SS. A B a

[32 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slow Hours utes dling

43 S55W lOK .D? . Water 5 Fathom, at 5 Min. B ottom on L' a t Eigh t Min. Creek on R\ Sixty Y?^ Hockhocking [Hock- ing] you see up it K Mile, Botto m on R!&L

44 SUE 25> 145 D? At 2 Min. Ridge on R^ At 8H Min. Run o nRM vides t he Rid ge — on L' at 23 Min. Creek Ten Yf wide o nL!,R idge o n Ri, Botto m on L

45 SIE 33 D? .. Water 163^ feet, very

narrow bottom on R\ at Sixt een M in. Rid ge in li nes off the River on Right, level up land & high b anks o nR!at Twen ty One Min. Island on L' At 24 Min. End of Island, Ridge on V. Botto m on R!&L ' at en d of Course

46 S42W 17"^ 178 D? Water 19 feet, at 4 Min.

Large R un on LlTen Y?' w ide— 11 this Course very narrow Bottom on L' & large B ottom on R\ at Th rteen Min. L arge R un on R^

S82W 10 H 290 D? Water 18 feet. Ridge on L' la rge Bo ttom o n R; a 11 the Course

N73W 17>^ 13 177 D? Water 20 feet. Ridge on L^ Bott R\ at Thirte en Min & one half a large Run on R\

S3W I3yi 22 D? Water 21 feet. Ridge on R! B ottom on L^ at fou Min& one ha If two Remar kable large Rocks on R' atThirt een & a half Min. a Creek on R^ 20 Y^'

S32E 18 13 176 D? Water 23 feet. Ridge on R'. b on L' a t Four teenM in. Ru n on R

S47E 27> 23 127 D? Water 23 feet. At 13 Min. bo ttom b egins o nR^ A t Seve nteen Min.R R\

S5W ilH 13/ 44 D? Water 20 feet. Ridge begins o n Left, at Sev en & a half M in. Small Ru n on L ', large bottom on R' at fourteen Min. & ahal f an Isl and on R! a s pit of Land Runs out 70 Yards Water her[el v ery Sw ift:

feet. S25W 22 2 352 D? . Water 20 Ridge on L! B ottom R! at Nine Min. E nd of the Isl and— t 6 Min Bottom begins on

L'. at Ei ghteen Min. 1 arge R un on R\ 33 [ 34 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

N601 iW lOK 1 D? At 3 Min. Small Run that div ides th e Ridg e. Wa ter five fatho ms, lo w land on R' Narrow bottom on L!

N42}2W 163^ 1> 264 D? .. Water 17 feet. At 3 Min. Isl and on v. Bo ttom b egins o nL^ A t Seve n Min. and half end of Island. good pi ace for Trade rs to E ncamp on.-'' At5M in. an Island begins nearer the L! Shor e at T welve Min. e nd of Island. all thi s Cour se low land on L'

N39E 29K 2 407 .D? Water 15 feet. Ridge close on V. Ba nk on R! low &Con tmues the sta tion, t 9 Min. Bottom begins

on L'. at Sixtee n Min. Small Run o nR^at Twen ty Min . small Run on L! at Twenty fou Min. S mall R un on R^Rid ge clos e on R

N25I2W 47 K 4% 127 D? Water 29 feet. Bottom on L! Rid ge con tinues on R\. at Twe Ive Mi n. Riv er 300 Y?'—Water 5 Fathom, at 17 Min Botto m begi ns on R! at Ninete en M n & on e half large Run on L' at 22 Min. Run o nR!at Thirt y Seve n Min & }i Water 21 feet, at 40K Min. small R un on L'.

N761 2W lOK 1 D? .. Bottom is Narrow on R!

Water fi fteen f eet—la rge Bo n L' at fiveM in. Bot torn widens on R'

S76KW 151/^ .D? .. Water 5 Fathom, at 5}4 Min.lar ge Ru n on L! Narro w bott R! at lO'A Min. Bottom widens on R!

N15W 30 2H .D? .. Water no bottom with y?= 7 fatho m Line . Rive r two Hundr ed and twent y Ridge close on L\ —At Ten Mi n. Bot torn on V. No Botto m with 7 fath om Li ne. At 18 Min. small Run on R!& a Run o n L! N arrow bottom on R!

N54^^W 12K 1 253 D? . . Water Gyi Fathoms, Ridge c lose on R^at Thn R/Iin. s mall R un on R! tha t Divides the Ridge at 91^ Mi n. Run onR!

S76MW 13 D? Water No Bottom , Ridge continu R! Bo nLith e end of this Course is in Latitude 38?:40'

S50W 12>^ 1 253 D? .. Water 7 Fathom, At 4^ Min. R R^ Ri re set s in th

26, Note 25, ante. a

[ 35 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

S14j^W 203X 2 132 D? Water 7 Fathom. Bot- torn on V. Rid ge on R! At Twelv e Min Botto ns on R!

S55HW 31K 23/; 272 D? .. Water 41 feet. Ridge Sets in on V. at Nin &thr ee Qua rter M in. Bo ttom b egins on L' & Continues Narrow atTh irteen Min.& three Quarte rs Run L!— At 20 Min very Large

Run on R! Bot torn wi dens o n L;— At 27 34 Mi n. sma II Run on K\

S14W ..83< .D? .. Water no Bottom with 7 Fatho mLine Narr ow Bo ttom o nR^at fiveM n. sm all Run on V. at 6 Min.

Bottom widen on R asmal 1 Run on R! at end of the Course

38 176 D? . . Water 7 Fathoms. At U% M in. Isla nd on L!atT wenty two M in. En d of Isl and. At 27^ Run on V. Bott om on R'. & V.

S35W 19 IK 419 D? Water 21 feet, at 6K

Min. an Island lying i n the Course ofL!h and si deofR iver—at UK Min. end of Islan d—

S38W .6 176 D? . Water 5 Fathom, at IK Min lar ge Ru n on R Narr ow bot tom on R!

S8E 9 129 D? .. Water 5K Fathoms, at 6 Min. Botto m wid R!. at end of Course large Run on R!—

S15E 18 IK 358 D? . Water 5 Fathom, Nar- row Bot R! At Eight Min. V ery lar ge Ru n on L' Bottom on R! & V.

S16VV 17 IK 177 D? At One Min. large Run

onRiW ater fi ve Fat hr— t end o f th Course Great Kanhawa River" on Li Course up it is S80E for 400 Y^'^ At its Co nfluen ce wit h the Ohio, the Banks

are high , with a long botto m on b oth sid es at le ast >2 Mile Broad-

Fryda y the2 7!'' Ju ne Em barked 54 M n. Aft er 7 oClock

S42W ..\0% H 371. . .D? . . Water 18 feet, at 7 Min. bottom onL! Water fifteen feet, B ottom on R! all the Course

27. i.e. the Kanawha River. Father Bonnecamps. the Jesuit chronicler of Celeron's expedition, was much impressed by the "Illinois cattle" (buffalo) at the mouth of the Kanawha, and Captain Gordon noted them also on the upper Ohio, although he found them more numerous below the Scioto. Jesuit Relations. R. G. Thwaites, ed.. vol LXIX (Cleveland, 1900). 177-178; Journal of Caftain Harry Gordon, 465; note 30, post. [ 36 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

S58W 35> 3K D? .. Water 15 feet, at 11 Min. B ottom widens onL^ fourtee n Min & a ha If Islan d on R^ at 20 Min. End of Islan d— at Thirty two M in & o neQua rter R un on R!

S15W 16K IH 36 . d? . . . Water 6K Fathom, at 6 Min. Botto m Nar rows o nR!

S32KE 9 H 129 d?.. . Water 6K Fathom, Narrow botto m on R!atfi ve Mi n. bott om Wi dens o n R! at 8K Min Small Run on RUte nd of t his Co urse N umber of Roc ks near Shore on K\

S50E 220 .D? .. Water 4 Fathom, at 1 Min. N bottom on R! at five Min. B Widen s on R'.

S15KE 34 3K 264 D? . . Water 29 feet. Bottom

on R\ a nd L^ At Eig hteen Min. I sland o n RUl 1 Sand y with bushes At Twenty two Mi n. end of Isla nd, W atenlS feet, A t 23 M in. sm all Creek on R' at Twenty four Mi n. larg e Run on L!

S13KW . 22 2 352 d?. Water 19 feet, at 4 Min. Ridge o n L' on e Quar ter of a Mile, at Twe nty M all Run on R' Narrow Bottom onRi Botto m on L

S15HE 46K 220 d?. Water 4 Fathom, at 12

Min. R un on V. Rid ge on Riand Botto m on L ! all th is Course, at thirty Six Min. la rge Ru n on L!

S13>^W 44 D? Bottom on R^ & V.

SllW UK 1 51 d?. Water 4 Fathom, at 5 Min Ru n on L !-at Nine Min. Botto m Nar

S59W 163^ IK ..57. Water 3 Fathom, Ridge on L' at 100 Y ?' Bot torn C ontinu es on R! At 7 Min. Bottom widens on L! At Thir teenM in. Na rrow B ottom on L^

N82W 5 D? Water 4 Fathom, ARun on R\ B widens onL! at begi nnmg of Cou

N80W 34 3K 264 .D? .. Water 17 feet, at 4 Min to a Cre ek on V. fifte en Yai ds wid e Ridg e on L'

[ 37 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Swift Slow Hours Yards dling

Ridge o nR^ A t 29 M Sm all Ru d of C ourse bottom widens on R^— lar ge bott om on

S45W 23 2 183 d?. .. Water 19 feet, Bottom on v. th ree Qu arters of a M le Wi de— nd of t his Co urse Ridge on R'

S6W 34 3 194 .d?... Water 29 feet, At 19 Min. bo ttom b egins o n R\ B ottom on V. K Mil e Wide At 31 Min. Run on Right —at en d of C Ridge close o n V.., 200 fee t high,

S15W 13 1 333 .d?. . Water 5 Fathom, Bot- tom on R\ at e nd of Course botto m begi ns on V.

S6VV 27 2 44 .d°. Water 5 Fathom, Bot-

tom on R\, at one Mi n. Sma 11 Run on L! a t 10 M in Run on R^ Bottom 400 Y?' wide on L!—at end of the C ourseb ottom begins on V.

S17KW 2K 402 .D? .. Water 5 Fathom, Bot- tom on Righ[t] andLe ft— at end of t his Co urse B ikof River on L' 50 feet high here we Enca mped

28^" Sa turd ay J une E mbark ed Eig ht Min after

S15W 37 3K 237 d?. .. Water 5 Fathom, at 8 Min. R un on V. Nar row B ottom on R'. at Sev enteen Min. bottom widens on R\ at ni neteen Min. Run o n V. all thisC ourse Botto m on L'

S73MW 29 2H 269 Water 19 feet. Narrow Bottom on V. at fifte en Mi n. Bot tom W idens o nL! B ottom on R5 & L'

N82W 21H 2 .308 .d?. .. Water 11 Feet, at 12J< Min Big Guya ndotC reek o nL^Si xty Y ^' wide 28— for 7 Min. below the Creek

high up right B ank on V.& t Eigh t Min. Run o n R'.

S69W 1 253, 27 K 186 .d?... Water 3 Fathom, Nar- row Bot tom on R\ fro m begi nning of Cou rse low land o n L' at 12 Min. Bottom begins o n R' atThir ty One Min. & K S mall C reek n R\ at fifty one Min.

Ridge yi Mil eonR! at 55 J^Min . large Run o nRiat One Hour & two Min. Run on R\ Rid ge 'A Mile o nR!at one H our an d Elev en Min. small Run on L! Bottom widen s on R\ at One Hou & Twe nty fiv e Min Water 12 feet. All this Course Botto V.

28, The Guyandot River. Just below its mouth is the modern city of Huntington, Weat Va, —

[ 38 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water NVof Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Miles Swift utes Yards dling

N89i^W 26X 2K 220 d?... at 5 Min. Small Creek on L^ E ight Y wide —Bott om hal f Mile wide o nLUh ere, at 15 Min. Water thirteen feet, a t Twen ty Min Narr ow Bot tom on R\ All this Course very Narrow bottom on R\

N51W 22 2 22 D? Water 2K fathom, at 7 Min. B ottom widens onR! at Nin eteen Min.C reek o n L! 60 Y?' wide Running thr'olar ge Bot tom. Big Sa ndy C reek.

N13W 43K 4V^ 132 d?. Water 2 Fathom, at 9

Min. Ri dge Th ree Hu ndred Yf ' on L!atT welve Min.B ottom widens on L! Bot- tom Co ntinue son R! Allth Cou rse Bo ttom o n R!& L! at Twenty four Min. Run on V. at 3 Min small Run o nR!

N56W 39M 199 d?. Water 3 Fathom, for 31 Min Ridge on R! then B ottom begins All th Course Bottom on L! One Hundre d Y?^ b efore y ou com e to en d of th e Cou R un on L! at End of the Course Encam ped on L! ver y high Banks on bot h sides of y! River this Encamp- ment is in Lati tude 3 8°:03'

Su ndav t he 29!' June Embar ked 6 14 Mi n. Aft er 5 oClock

N32W 39>-, 3H 308 d?... at 2}4 Min. Run on R! Water Eighte en feet & one half, a t 19 M 1. Rid ge200 Y?' on V. At 28 Min.

Bottom widen s on lef t. At 3 9V2 M in larg Run on R! Bottom this Course on R!

N60}-^W 26y, _2K 266 .d?. Water 4 Fathom, at 25>

N89W 37 35 352 D? River 200 Y?' for 4^

Min a Rocky Shore, with 1 arge R ocks n ear the Water —at 9 Min. Bottom wid-

ens on R^ at Tvvelv ; Min Rocky Hill 4 00 Y? on R! at 23 Min. Sholes on L'.

for 300 Yf^of Gravel and S and Botto m on R!&L ! both this and the last Course above it—

N58W 40 3'^ 280 .D? Water 3 fathom. Bottom

on R\ a nd V. this CO urse— at Twe ntv Ei ght Mi 11 RunonL!at 35>< Min.

small C reek < nV.— — Ba —

[ 39 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Dlstance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Swift Hours Yards dling

N18HW 20K 2 44 d?. . Water 4 Fathom, Ridge on V. 20 yard s at Ei ght Mi n. Roc ks on V. Sho re at e dge of Water 150 Y?'— at 15 M in. Bot torn wi dens o n V. ottom on R\ &L!at end of Course Run on L'

NS.i^W 36 76 Water 19 Feet Bottom on R\& V. thi s Stati on— at Twen ty thre e&M Min. mall Run on R'

N27'.jW 253/< 2K 185 Water 5 Fathom, at 5

Min. R L! Bot tom on R\ & L ; this S

NllE 39 33-4 264 d?... Water 3}4 Fathom, Ridge o n L! at Twent y four Min.B ottom begins onL! t 35 Min. very large Rur on R! B ottom on R! this C ourse

''2 N201 oW 18 1'2 339 d?. . Water 5 Fathom, Bot-

torn on L! at Thirte en Mi n. sma 11 Run on R! Botto m on R\

N65W H 330 .d?... Water 5 Fathom, nar- row Bot torn on R!at Two & one ha If Min Botto m wid ens on Ri Bottom on L'. at five Min. S mall C reek o n R!—

S68W 35 2' 220 d?. .. Water 4 Fathom Ridge

on R! V ery Ro cky on part o f theF ront, f or 10 Min. t he shore on R\ intirely a kind of Brown ish Col oured flat St ones Narro w bott om on R' two Hundred Y?^ Bro ad—at Twen ty One Min. s mall R un on R\ Bot tom on R' widens here at 30M in. Ro cky Ri dge 30 Y?' t the R^— ottom on L' all the Course

S65W 40 3 d?... Bottom on L' Rocky Ridge t hree H undred \"^' on R\ at fourtee n Min. Botto m widens on R' Low land — on L! al 1 theC ourse. Subje ct to Over[fl ow] At 21 Min. small Creek on L'

Water t wo fat horn, b eginni ng of t he Cou rse — t end o f Course Small Run on L^ Bott om on R\

N72W 24 2 344 d?. Water 3 fathom. Ridge on L' w ith nar row B ottom to end of Stat ion an d Bott om on R!—here we en- camped and s tayed Mond ay, Tu esday, Wedne sday a nd Thursday

Fryda y the 4 July embar ked 15 Min. a fter 12

S64i'^W 16K 418 D? . . Water 4 Fathom—Bot- torn on R!Bot torn wi dens la rge on V. At 14 Mi n. S[c]i oto River on R^ 120 Y?' wide in Latitu de 38°. 22', Ri dge on R!bet ter tha n Ma Mile 40 — — —

[ 41 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

S57W d° Water 12>2 feet, beech on R! 7 Y?= wide at 6 M in. hig h Ridg e 100 Y°' on R! very Rocky

S36W 111 d?. Water 3 fathom at 6

Min. Be ech 60 y^' wi de on R'. a R ft on L\ run ning 1 00 Y?' in, & the River 300 Y?' wide at Eig hteen Min. B ottom widens onR^ Bottom on L' all this Course

N81W 15K 1 353 d?. . . Water 3 Fathom, Ridge begins c lose on L^ at Nine Min. S mall b ottom on L\, and at the End of the

Course the Ri dge 10 Yf ' o n L! B ottom on R! all the Course

N37W 176 Water 4 Fathom, nar- row Bot tom on L! and wide o nRiat Eight Min. E ncamp ed on the L' at a Pretty Cove at the en d of a Stony Shore here th e River 300 Y ^' but at the Cove it is 30

Y?' wid er, nea raMil e from where we en campe d is a Buffaloes Lick at which

our Indi ans Ki ll'd us 15 or 1 6 Buff aloes

Wed nesday the 9'} JulyE mbark ed Tw elve M in afte r 6 oClock and continued Six Min utes fu rther o n last Course at 3 Min. Run o n L' which takes its rise in the L ick ab ove me ntione d—

N8>^W 24 344 d?. Water 2 Fathom, Bot- torn on R! and L! th is Cou rse — t he US hore in tirely Slate Stone

N58W 38 398 ,d?. Water 19 Feet at one Min. S mall R un on R! Bot tom on V. this Cours e. Bott om on R' three Hundred

Y^' at S evente en M i n. Bot tom wi dens o nR^at 23 M in. small Run on L' at thirty f our M in. sm all Ru n on R at en d of C ourse River 500 Y?'

NSlioW 1 1 5K 161 .d?. Water 2 Fathom, at 16 Min. sm all Ru n on L! at Tw enty O ne M n. Run onR Bottom on R\ 200 Y?'—

All this Course Botto mon L '.—a fi ne Gra velly S hore o n both sides all this

Course —at 3 9 Min Narro w bott om on R\ at f orty S .X Min. Water Ten Feet,

At 54 Min Botto m Wid ens on RUt6 1 Min a larg e Gravelly flat Island Channe lonRi 3 Fat hom d eep, ve ry stro ng Wa ter—

NSli^W Conti nued f our M in. to Creek on R! and 2 Min further to erld of

Island i n all ne Ho ur& 7 Min. t o end of Cou rse — t hese last Six Min. very swift he two togeth er mak e 6 Miles & 352 Y?'

30, Note 27. ante. —

[ 42 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift utes dling Slow

N55\V 46 4 366 .d?. Water 2 Fathom, at 7 Min. Ri dge on Left. LogR un out in half a Min ute, at 19 Min. Bottom begins on L! B ottom R: all t heCou rse at 32 M n. Wat er Ele ven feet, at end of Course River 5 50 Y?= in Lati tude 3 8° '30' 20"

S87W 15 215 Water 11 Feet Bottom on R! a nd V. to end of Stat ion

S67\\ 22 2 22 d? Water 3l4 Fathom, Ridge o nR!at Eight een Mi n. Bot tom be gins on R!

S86W 12 1 352 d? Water 4 feet at 6 Min.

Narrow botto m on L ' and t o Hea d of a Wide I sland the Channel on L! this

Island 2 50 Y?^ wide t hro hich is a Gra velly b eech \ hich divides the Island in two — the largest half o n R!

S74W 22 2 352 d?. .. Water 6 feet at one Min. Small R un on R! Ch annel 100 Y ?= wide the I sland here high banks and small T imber which overflo ws—at 22 Mi n. End of Isl and—from end of the Island more t han ha If way over t o left Shore is the Channel 8yi feet deep

S79W 12 . .1. 352 d?. .. Water 8 feet, from be- gin^ of t he Isla nd to End of this S tation a Ridg e on L! & Bottom on R!

Thu sday t he 10!" July Embar ked 13 K Mi n. after 8

S40W 17 VA 97 d?. Water 3 Fathom, at 6^ Min. R R! Bot tom on R! an dUth isCour

S12KW 41 J^ 33X 82 .d?. .. Water 10 Feet. Ridge on R' w ith nar row bo ttom atTwe nty Se ven M n. Bo ttom Widens on R! Bot-

torn on L' to e nd of Course At 32 Min. 1 arge R un on

S73W 9 129 .d?. Water 5 Fathom. At 5 Min. la rge Ru n on L

N67W 46 4 366 d?. Water 4 Fathom, Ridge begins o n U— Botto m on R!—at 29 Mi n. bott om be gins on L! at thirty Min. to alarg e Grav elly be ech on R!Wa ter tw o Path om Be ech 120 Yf' wide at 38 Min. en d of be ech — — —

[ 43 1 Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slov utes dling

N85W 26 H 2^2 264 d?... Water 2 V< fathom, Bot- torn on L! nar row bo ttom o nR!at 20 m: n. Bot idens on R!

N31W 20 1< m 220 d?. .. Water 3 fathom, Nar-

row Bot l:& 1 arge B ottom on R! to end of Stat ion

N13i,^W 12 1 172 d?... Water 4 Fathom, Ridge

on V. B onR!t oend o f Stati on. Ri ver 52 8 Yf here we Encamped

Fryd ay the 11!" Ju ly Em barked 29 Mi n. afte 7 oC lock

"2 N20W 27 2 320 d?. . Water 3 Fathom, at 5 Min. B ottom begins on L! a t Seve nteen Min. s mall R un on R! which Runs thr'o a Ridge and N arrow bottom

N69I 2 VV 28 14 2>2 188 Water 2yi Fathom. Ridge o n R^ a tThirt een Mi n. Wa ter Tw elve fe et Mid St of Stream—at Twenty four Mi n. Bot torn be gins on R! At end of Cours aGra velly flatt Island on L! with nei th[er] bush n or Tim ber on it—

N52W 11 1 11 d?. .. Water 10 Feet. Bottom onR! R idge be gins on L! at Six Mi n. End of the Island vhich is two Hundred Y?' wide. R idge o nL!& Botto m on R! toe nd of s tation

N22W 28K 2K 188 d?. .. at one Min. Creek on R! r on R! at Forty Y wide , Wate Two fathom &aha If— Ri dge on U Bottom

Sevente en Min . Botto m begi V. at 2 2 Min small Run on R! River here 550 Y^^ VVa ter 3 F athom

N59W 16 1 352 d?. at 9>^ Min. Ridge on R' Water Two F athom and a half — Ridge on R\ &Bott om on L! to end of Sta- tion

N73W 57 44 d?. at 9 Min. Shallow on U

Shore O ne Hu ndred & fifty Y?" ou t. at21 Min nd of t he shoal. Ridge on R! at 46 Min Botto m begi ns on R! at Forty Eight Min. L arge Run on R! Ridge sets in o nV.W ater T welve Feet, Ridge on left at end of Course & Bottom on R!

N58W 25 d?. .. Water 10 Feet, at 9 Min. Bottom begins onL! Bot R!all the Co 44

1. Ilutchms, rt'iicil Sketch, Month ,if Ihe Utile Miami Rive — t —

[ 45 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Miles Yards Swift utes dling Slow

At Fort y five Min. Run o n U, a t end of Stat ion W ater 5 Fathom, within a few Y?^ of Sho re on

N48W 45 3 'A 220 .d°. .. At 15 Min. Water 2

Fathom Mid. Stream —AtT wenty Min. 1 arge R un on R! At 31 Min. Water 8 Feet M id. Str earn. S hallow Water onR! Shore near 1 50 Y^" out—At Thirty

four Mi n. sma 11 Run on R: at 38 Min. Ridge begins on R' Bottom on L! to end of S tat?—

N80W 1 4>^ 66. . .d?... Water 2 Fathom. At 33 Min. la rge Ru n on R !andB ottom /idens onR^ Botto m on h\ all the Course at fifty six Min. Run o nL!

N26W 14 1 d?... Water 12 Feet, very Narrow Botto m begi ns on L^ Bot R^at 5 Min small Run on L!

N6MW 19 419 d?. .. Water 19 Feet near Mid Stream, Ridge pretty close o n U- at Sixt een M in. & one half Little Miamie River 1 00 Yf' wide on R! Narro w Bott om on L^ Bot tom on R! & Encamped here

Little Miami River Runs t hr'o a very E xtensiv Rich Bottom and has opposite its mou th a G ravell y Beec h whic h cont inues c lose on L! Shore for 300 Y?' below t he mo uth— his Ri ver ha s high Banks The Ohio here runs pretty swift on Usho re opp osite t he mo uth of River abu ndance of Lime Stone.

Sunda y the 1 3!" Jul Em barked forty nineM in. aft er 5

N4W 16K 16 d? Water 3 Fathom, at 6 Min. Be :ch be gins on R! wh ich is S eventy Y^' wi de. At thirteen Min. Water 2yi Fathom MidS tream. end of Beech —Narr ow Bo ttom o n L' & large Bottom on R: this Course

N33HW 18 l'< 339 d? Water lyi Fathom, at 8 Min. B ottom widens on L! Botto R! toe nd of Stat? at 17 Min. Beech begins o nV.

N54I2W 6^A 264 .d?... Water 2 Fathom, all Strong Water the Course , River Two Hundr ed Yf at 5^A Min. Water 2 Fathom opposi te the widest Parto f theB eech hich is about 200 Y?' wide.

N8814W 9K 396 d? Water 9 Feet near R*: Shore Curren t very Swift t his Co lirse Botto R! & L\ to end of Stat? [ 46 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

S43MW 40K 3> 400 ,d?. Water 2H Fathom, Ridge s ets m on R\ at Thr ee Min End of san dy Bee ch—at 12 Min. River 400 Yf= Wa ter Six Feet n ear L! Shore, but th eChan nel is o n R!—at 28 Min. Bottom

begins o n R: B ottom on L! t o end of Stat ?~At 38 Min . Creek on L^ 50 Y?= Called Lickin g Cree

11 Water 2 Fathom, Bot- torn on R!&L ' to en dof St at?

N68W 21.54 381 d?. .. Water 2}4 Fathom, very narrow Botto m on L !atTe n Min. Botto m wid L! at 17 Min. Run on R: Bott om on R\ toe nd of S tat?

S43KW 28K 188 .d?. .. Water 4 Fathom. Ridge

Sets in on R! at Sixt een M in. sm all Ru n on L ! Botto m begins on R! at nine-

teen Mi n. sma 11 Run on R! Narro w Bott om on l:

S76>^W 44 3K Water 5 Fathom. Ridge on U B ottom on R! at five Min.B ottom on U, narrow bottom on R! at 15 Min. Ridge o n l:— AtThi rty Mi n. aGr avelly Shoal three Quarters of a Mile long on R! a nd ext end to within 50 Y?" aCross the R iver to the Channel Ten feet deep At 32 Min. Narro w Bott om on R! and Left

37K 2H 110 d? Water 3 Fathom. Mid Stream, at Te n Min. Botto m wid R: at Thirty four Min. bottom widens on L! n arrow botto m on R!

N69J4W 28 2,'-2 108 Water 8 Feet 150 Y9 from L! shore Ridge & narr ow bot R! at Twent y Min. bottom widens on R!

N39W 55 4 220 .d?. .. Water 2 Fathom. Mid Stream Ridge & narr ow Bo ttom o n L! A t Twen ty Mi n. Bottom Widens on

U—At 37 Mi n. Rid ge thre e Hun dredY ^'onL ! at Fo rty three Min. Run on R\ Bott Rlall the Co urse

N71W 29 2 308 .d?. .. Water 5 Fathom, nar- row Bot tom & Ridge on R! at Sixt een M in. Bot tom wi dens on R' Bottom on L! to en d of S tat?—

3 Fathom, nar- S34W . .3M. Water row Bot tom & Ridge onR! Botto v.-

32. The mouth of the Licking River is directly across from the bottom on which the first settlement at Cincinnati was made in 1788. 47 B — —— —

[ 48 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slow Hour utes dling

on L! a bout m iddle o f theR iver, a t 31 M in. end of Isla nd which is almost level with th e surfa ce of t he Wa ter, & has no thing g rowing on it. At Forty two Min.

Bottom begins on L! — bott om on right a 11 the Course . At end of Course Run on R'—

S32E 20 IK 140 d?. Water no Bottom with 7 Fatho m Line — Nar row bo ttom a ndRid geonR I and bottom on L! all the

Course At 17 Min ery lar ge Ru n on R \ Ten Y!"' w de at mouth. The Bot-

tom it Runs t hr'o ne ar ami e wide

S87HE 46 4 366 d?. Water 5 Fathom—near Mid Str eam at Twen ty min botto m wid ens on R!, Ri ver 550 Y?% bottom on U all th e Cour se— at Thirty three Min. Water Eighte en Feet

S70KE d°.... Water 10 Feet near L'

At 5 Mi n. Sma 11 Cree k on L ! Ten Yards wide. The C urrent very rapid

Here Encam ped in Latitu de...3 8°—33 oppos ite a large Lick four Miles S74E fr om fro m [sic] here at which Eleph ants b ones ar e—" This is the Nine- teenth Encam pment Halt ed her e Tues day

16!'' Wedne sday t he July Embar ked. 44 Min . after 9—

S43E 15 IK .d?. The Course of the Reach

above a nd bel ow th: s Stat? at Si X Min. Water 8 Feet . At 9 Min. Run on V. and na rrow B ottom and Ri dge set s in on U— ottom on R! all the Course

S13W 23 2}i d?. Water 7 Fathom near Mid Str eam Narro w bott om an d Ridg e on L and Bottom on R! all the

Course At 2 1 Min a larg e flat Bow Id Island in Mi ddle of Stream

S51KW 37y: 3K d?. Water 3 Fathom, from U to th e Islan d 150 Y?' Cu rrent v ery Ra pid. A Min. the Great Lick

Creek 1 Y^ wide o n L! w hich R uns th r'o a s mall B ottom at 9 Min. end of

Island a t Twe nty M in. Na rrow B ottom widens onU Bottom on R! all the Course

S20E lOK 370 d?. Water 3 Fathom near RUt 6 Min. n arrow bottom &Rid ge on R!— B on L! all the Course

33. At Big Bone Lick in Boone County. Kentucky, members of this expedition found the bones and tusks of mastodons, as well as the remains of other prehistoric animals. Croghan sent Lord Shelburne and specimens which aroused much scientific interest. Volwiler. George Croghan. 196; Cramer, The Navigator (ed. 1814), Appendix, 156-157. —

[ 49 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Miles Yards Swift utes dling Slow

S30E 31 2K 151 Water 5 Fathom Mid Stream, at Sev enteen Min. small Run 1 L! nd bot tom widens on R!—bot- tom on L: all the Co urse—

S22>^W 14 54 .d?. . aCross the Bend which is on L! Water Thirte en Fee t— Riv nd of Course 380 Yards

S83W 110 d?. Water no bottom with 7 Fathom Lir Ridge sets m on l; & Con to end of Course

N80W 5K 123 d?. . . Water no bottom with 7 FathT Line t Twe nty tw o Min. Botto m wid Li Bottom all the Course on R! at fifty f our M in. a R un on R!-

SeS'i'W 46M 418 d?.., Water 2 Fathom—Nar- row Bo ttom& Ridge on R: Botto m on L -Riv er 500 Y.^ at Twenty Seven Min. W ater T en feet near t he R! Shore At 8 Min. Bottom widens on R! At Thir ty Sev Mi n. Run on L! Botto m on

SSQi^W 40 d?... Water 10 Feet Mid Stream Narro \v bott d Ridg e on L! at Fo urteen Min. Bottom widens on L^—Bot tom on R: all the Co urse— At end of Co urse R un on Ri

S57W 57 4>4 44 .d?. Water 6 feet Mid Stream

Narrow botto m and Ridge sets in on R! Botto m on L !, The Channel on R!, at Seve nteen Min. Water Eleven F"eet Mid S tream —At 30 Min. Bottom widens on R! Water fourte en Fee t. Mid Strea m—At 38 Min. River 600 Yards —AtFo rty Mi n. aG ravelly beech on Rig ht at b eginni ng of an Island—At 45 Min. la rge Ru n on R !at57 Min.B anks o f the I sland Pretty high & Timbered with sm all Ti mber "Bott om on r:&l !— Her e we E ncamped on the Island being th 20^ Encam pment

Emb arked Thurs day th e IT} July

S57W 45 4>^ Water 3 Fathoms near Mid Str earn, a t Elev en Mi n. End of Isla nd—at Thirt y four Min a large Shole almost aCross theRi ver the bestC hannel s clos e on R Bottom on R! & L! all the Cou

S53W 11 7 176 d? Channel on R\ at 20 Min. N arrow botto m& R idge o n R!& Creek 20 Y?= on R! at Forty Min.

Water t hirteen Feet —At 4 2 Min. aGrav elly fla : Bow Id Island about Middle of — — A — —

I 50 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow dling

the Riv er cov ered w ith the smalle St Floo d. Ch annel on R! & L' at 3>^ Min.

end of I sland. Botto m wid ens on R!— t65 M . R[y er 450 Y?' Bottom on R! & V.

S74W 33y2 3 113 d? Water 13 Feet near Mid Stream, at Tw enty t hreeM n. Rid ge on R! nea half a mile—At End of Course Kentuc ki Riv er on L !100Y '= wide opposi te the River on Rl Bottom widens

N67,V2W 34 d? Water 5 Fathom— at 12 Min Cr eek on L! 20 Yards -atT wenty Min. Narro w bottom & Ridge on L!

N34W 53 171 . d? . . . Water 12 Feet near L! at Twe nty On e Min. Botto m wid ens on V.—G ravelly beech on L' at Thirty

three M in. end of bee ch —at 4H Min. s mall C reek o n R! Bottom on R! all the Cou rse

N831/2W 40 3 d? Water 3 Fathom near R\ Nar row bo ttom a ndRid ge on R! Bot tom on L!all the Course

S77W 493/ 4K 50 d?. Water 14 Feet Mid Stream Rive r 680 Yards Nai row bo ttom& Ridge on R! and bottom on L!

all the Course — He e we E ncamp ed at t he 21!' Encam pment

Emba rked F ryday 18!" J uly 44 52 Min after 6.

S77W lU 1 91 d?. Narrow bottom & Ridge on R! b ottom on L!

N78\V 40 3H 280 d?. Water 12 Feet Mid Stream —Bottom wi dens o nR^N arrow bottom & R idge on V. River 600 Y^=

At 35 M in. bot tom be gins on V. Bo ttom o n R! al 1 the C ourse

S69J4W 19 IK 308 Water 15 Feet, bottom on R!& Uall the Co urse

S32W 34 2>^ d?. ., Water 3 Fathom, high Ridge s ets in on R! which contin ues wit h bott om on L! to end of Stat? at 25 Min. G ravel ly beech on L! which occasio ns aSh oal al most a cross the River. At end of Cou rse the Shoal ends

South 22 2 352 d? Water 2 Fathom near R!—hig h Ridg e sets in on L! Bot tom wi dens o nR!at 15 Min. bottom begins on L!—

[ 51 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Swift Slow Hours Yards dling

S27E 40 >^ 3 66 d?. Water 7 feet Mid Stream, but th eChan nel is o nR!H igh Ri ts in o n R! and continues with

bottom on L' t oend o f Stat?

S3KE 10 5K d?. Water 10 Feet. High Ridge S ets m on L! a t fifty Min. b begins on V. —Bottom all this Course R!R iver 70 Y^'

4l2 S3l}4E 1 d?. Water 10 Feet near R\ High R idge o n R! a nd bot L!all the CO urse-

S3W 35 2'2 220 d?. Water 10 Feet near L]— Bottom onL! and Ri dge on R: At Thirte en M n. bott om begins on R!—At 30 Min. sm all Ru n on L

S55W 1 5 176 ,d?. High Ridge Sets in on v. at Twelv Min. Water Twelv e Feet Mid S tream —At 27 Min. large Run yds on L' th at divi des th e Ridg J—Riv er 700 At 64 Min. bottom begins on L! bott om on R[ all the Co urse At 67 Min Run o nR!

S26W 1 d?. Water 16 Feet, High

Ridge o n r:& botto m on L : all th Cour 47 Mi n. Run on L! Water 4 Path? a t 58 M in. Isla nd clo se on L!400 oad wi th bushes and small Tim- ber

Enca mped on the Island the 22 •!'^ Enc ampm

Satur day th e 19!'' July E mbark ed. 24K Min. after 8

S76KW 1 3234 5K Water 10 Feet near L!— Ridge o n L! B ottom begins on R! —AtE leven Min nd of Island—At 38 Min.

Water f ourtee n Feet Mid St ream —AtF orty fi ve Mi n. Run on R' At 56 Min. Ridge s ets in on R! —Log Run o ut in % of a Min., at 81 Min. bottom widens on V- Wentt his Co urse at the R ate 33 Miles an Ho

S41W 41, 2K Water 4 Fathom Mid

Stream — Rid ge on R^&B ottom on L! i 11 th Course — at end of Course Run on R: th at divi des the Ridge Wen t this Course at the Rate of 3K Miles an Hour

S7W 11 3-2' 5K 198 .d?... Water 5 Fathom, Ridge on R: b on L! at Thi rty tw o Min. River 800 Y ?' Narrow bottom on R!

j^^^*" UNWERSl-n Of — — .

[ 52 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Mile Yards Swift Slow utes dling

at 393/^ Min. I sland n ear Mi ddle of River —Cha nnel n ear the Island—a Shoal on L^— bottom on V. all the Cours «—At 65 Mi n. Wat er 4 Fathom Mid Stream At Si xty ni ne Mi n. end of Isla nd—

S22,;^W 18K 1. . . .400. Water 12 Feet near U- bottom on U all the Course —Rid ge on R\-

S24W 19 IK 267 d?. .. Water 5 Fathom near L!—At end of Course Creek on L: 15 Yf -Bott r: & l:

S33'AW 18M VA 338 Water 5 Fathom near Mid Str earn At Te n Min. small Run o nRi R iver '2 Mile wide—At Sixteen Min. lar ge Ru n on L !—At end of Course an Isl^ near RJ of River—Island 200 Yf' fro mR!S ho re

S333^W 22 2 22 d?. At 16 Min. small Run on Ri- at 20 Min. a beech begins on L' o f Islan d the widest part of which is se Yf'

S22}4W 39 IK Water 12 feet Mid

Stream At 9 Min. e ndof I sland o n the 1 eft Ha nd ban k, Pretty high well Tim- be red. level la nd on R! and

S57W 1 10 Water 3 Fathom. River i^ Mile wide

N80W 4 204 d?... to the shore on R! at

the end of this Cours e (we e ncamp ed at t he 23:' Enca mpment) I began my Survey of the Falls a nd we nt alon g the Right Hand side of the River as follows

S63M\V 272

S74KW 323

N79KW 357.

N65i^W .340 at beginning of Course Creek o n oppo site sid e of R iver be ars S2 8KW, Upper end of Island bears S49.10 W—at end o f cours e Cree k bears S12W -Upp er end of Island bears 834.28 W— ——

[ 53 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

N62KW 476 At 340 Y?' the Rapid begins a Steep bank o f lime Stone on R! all the Course

N55^;(W ,274 At 170 Y?= the Rocky bank on Right loosse s it self and a bank o f earth 12 fee t high begins—at be- ginning of Co urse lo wer en dof th e abov e Islan d bea s S70W, and at the end of the C ourse t he low er end bears S32.45 W-

N43.30W .189 At 255 Y?= the Water Ripples with g reat Vi olence over R ocks b elow t he Sur face of the Water—At 510 Y?' a wide openn ng in t he Roc k that form an Isla nd in the River—at end of this Course theVi oleni of the Rapid ends, b ut the Stream continues to Run with gre at S ftness for up wards of a M le furt her

N45ME 170

N26!^E 153 At 102 Y9 a very small Run & Spring onRl

N24KW .85 At 34 Y!"' a Pretty large Spring

N6I.33W 153 At end of Course very Swift W

N70>^W 374. At 119 Y?= a Run cas- kading over R ocks-

N50E 68 high bank 20 Y?^ on R!

N16E 136 Over Sandy low land with Ti mber

N27W 51. .

N36W 208 Rocky bank on R'

N66VV 144'/^ bank close on R'

S88W 289. . At beginning of this Course an ope nnmg in the Island that I brough tmy B attoe thr'o—which bears S36KW and at end of Cours e open ing be ars S9 W— —

[ 54 1 Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow- utes dling

N833^W .221 high Rocky bank close on R! to where our B attoe was. T he end of this Course is in Latitude Thirty

Eight D egrees & Eigh t Minu tes

N58KW .297> At beginning of this Course aCross theRi ver to the ot her sid e is S4 2W an d at end of the Course at whic h is ad eep Ru n—Th e Cour se aCr OSS the River to Intersect the one at beginni ng of t heCou rse is S 16KW —The n same Cours e as above

N58KW 255 further The upper end of the Lower I sland f rom th Run at begi nning of this Course bears S47W—A Tree aCross t he Riv er bear s S30,4 W—an d at th e end o f thi Course The Tree aCross the Riv er bea rs S14 3

S78MW 306 At beginning of this course Tree the Ri ver be ars S46 MW a nd at end of Course same Tree bears S 38KW

STQl^W 87. At end of Course a Creek o n R!T wenty yards wide. all this Cours flat Rock-

Sunda y, Mo nday, Tuesd ay and Wedn esday remained at the Falls'''

Thu day th e 24!" July e mbark ed 57 3^Min after 9 oClock at end of Rockey

Island t o Righ t of th e Cask ade

S61W 6>^ 264 d?. . At end of Course the

Island 60 Y! on R: Left S hore 1 80 Y'

N82W 17 352 d? At 6 Min. end of Island

a little below the Mi ddle of this Is land t he ban k is pr etty high, and Timbered all this course shoaly and C hannel deep o n R! le vel Ian d on K\ & L!—

S34W 13 IK d?... Ridge a little way to the

R! Rive r 700 Y^^ at Ten M in. Ru n on R ! Rippl ing ov er a Rocky shore—Water 4 Fatho m Mid Strea m, at 1 Hi M in. Ro cky sh ore on R! end—low land on L! and Lev el on R

34. During these four days at the present site of Louisville Hutchins secured data for a detailed map of the Falls, which became the authoritative one. Hutchins. Topographical Description. 10 (note); Gilbert Inilay. Topographical Description of the IVestern Territory (London, 1793), 50-51; Ante. Frontispiece. George Morgan, doubtless experienced in the difficulties of navigating these rapids, unloaded a third of the cargo in order to get the boats safely through. Captain Gordon, with a prophetic if somewhat limited vision, strongly recommended the establishment of a "Serjeants Post" here. Journal of Captain Harry Gordon. 467-468. Croghan, still cautious, dispatched additional Indian deputies, this time to the mouth of the Wabash, to find out whether the emissaries he had already sent had successfully counteracted French inuigues. Croghan to Gage, January 16. 1767, III. Hist. Coll. XI. 488; note 29, ante: note 36, post.

"' •

SLCLC/at^ ^i^4je^i/

l lll l| '*'•*•" il|IM»»«liM

4. Hutchiiis, Pencil Sketch, Uoulh of the Tallow (Salt) River — — a —

[ 55 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Miles Yards Swift Siow utes dling

S5M\V 16 1> 376 At 10 Min. Rockv Shore on R'. VV ater 12 Feet Mid S tream

S53^W 14 54. At 10 Min. end of the Rocks o n r: w land all the Cour

S43KW 4. Water 14 feet Mid

Stream —At 1 7 Min Water 10 Fee t 150 YT fro m R!, River 660 Y?'—Level on

R\ and L^ all the Co urse At 57 Min. ; mall R un on L!— all this Course at 4 Miles a n hour

S16W 25 \y, 220 d? Water 16 Feet near R' At 12 Min mall R R!— high R idge nd Na rrow bottom Sets in on R!— level la nd on L! all t heCou rse- nd Na rrow b ottom and Ridge on R' all the Course

S4E 58 5K 98 Water 16 Feet Mid Stream —At f ourty f our M in. Bot tom wi dens o n R! A t 55 Min Water 10 Feet

Mid Str earn Level 1 and on Liall the Co urse

S163^W 21]. 2 110 d?. At 18 Min. Ridg a little

to the R ight wi th narr ow bo ttom. Water 14 fee t, The Ridge hear appears lower —Level land with h igh ba nks all the C ourse o nV.

S7i^W 41 .d°.. Water 10 Feet Mid Stream Nar row bo ttom& Ridge on K\ At Te n Min bottom widens on R'

River 4 60 Y^f level 1 and wi th hig h bank s on le ft—

S40W 20>^ 220 d?... Water 18 Feet near V- River 5 50 Y' Level land o n R! a nd L! all the Cour

S68MW 1^ 59 d?. . . Water 14 Feet Mid Stream this C ourse a Cross the be nd on L!-At 12 Mi n. a River on L! 75 Yf' iver wide cal led Ta How R hi gh Rid ge on 1 eft bel ow the River % Mile from the Ohio—

S80W 22 352 d?. At 6 Min. beech on R'

Channe I on L! at 14 Min. Ridge close on R! b ottom on L! a 11 the Course Her e we Encam ped— at 24!** Encamp- ment A Rid ge 120 Y^^ on R! Bo ttom o n U- with h igh banks

Fryda y the 2 S!" Jul y Emb arked 5K M in. aft er 10 o'clock — —

[ 56 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slow Hour utes dling

S71W 37y, 3X 317 d?. At 5 Min. bottom wid- ens on R!atl 7 Min a low Rocky Ridge close o nV. at 20 Min. bottom widens

on L! at end o f Cour se pret ty hig h Ridg e close on R! at 34 >4 Min Run on R!—

Slj^W 26 226 d?... Water 4 Fathom. Mid

Stream River 370 Y "^f Roc ky flat Shore on R: with h igh banks—At 17 Min.

Rocky s hore ( nds, a nd bot tom w idens o n R!- at 22 Min. small Run on L!

S54W 11 132 d?. aCross a bend Thebend on L! 4 00 Yf' 'ide Water 22 Fee Mid S — Bottom on R' all the Course, at 6 M in. Rid ge clos e on h\

N46i-iW 11 1 11 Water no bottom with 5

fathom line, R idge o n Left and bo nR!al I theC ourse Rocky shore on left the Cou

N31W 42 3K 162 d?. Water 18 Feet Mid Stream at 2 3 Min. botto m wid U—at end of Course Ridge Sets in on R!—at 34 Mi Riv er 500 Yds

N51J-iW 11 132 d?... Water 22 Feet Mid Stream -Rid ge on R! all the Co urs, T imbere d with some Cedars and other

Timber -bott L! all t he Cou

N77W 23 2K d?... Water 21 Feet near R!

Steep R idge nR!al 1 the c ourse —At 3 Min. s mall R un on L! bottom on L!

all the Course —At 1 Min. Rocky Shore on R!

S80W 4154 3K' 81 d?. Water 12 Feet. The Channe Ion R! Ridge on R: and bo ttom o n l: At 14 Min. beech on V. At 24

Min. be ech on R:at3 2 Min . end o f beech on L!a t whic h is a small Run on L! At 35 Min. nd of Beech on R! —Bot tom on R! an d Ridge on L!—

N64W 1 37 44 d?... Water 12 Feet on L!—

At 8 M in. sm all Ru n on R ! River 550 Y ards, At 34 Min. bottom widens on

V. At 4 4 Min. Narro w bott om an d Ridg e on R : At 65 Min. Run on L! at 70 Min. bo ttom widens onR! at 76 Min. Narro w bott om and Ridge on L!

N14HW 42 3 264 d?. .. Water 14 Feet near L! Ridge c lose on UBot tom on R! at 28 Mi n. Wat er lOF eet Mid Stream, bottom widens on L! —

[ 57 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

N2KE 16 iy2 176 .d?... Water 9 Feet Mid Stream —at S ix Min a Rid ge 100 Yards on R\ -At 8 Min. bottom widens on R!

NllE 11 176 d?. .. Water 1 1 Feet near R'- bottom on R! Narro w bott om an d Ridg e on L!

Enc amped on R\ at 25!'' Enca mpme nt

Sat urday 26'.'' Ju ly Em barked 45 Mi n. afte r 7 oClock

NllE 25 IK 220 .d?. .. At one Min. small Creek onR! A t three Min. botto m wid L! bot tom o n R! all the Course

N40W 23 396 d?... Water 17 Feet on R!, narrow botto m & St eep Ro cky Ri dge on R!&b on L! all the Course

N51W 1 7 6 247 d?. Water 10 Feet near L! Bottom onU Narro w bott om an dhigh steep Ridge on R! At 7 Min. a low Gravell y Islan d close onR! with b ushes on. Str ong wa ter here, at 12 Min Water

on v. 1 5 Feet at 2 3 Min. end of Island —at 3 2 Min. an Island near Middle of Rive r-Hig h Ridg e on L! and b ottom widens on R! this Island 150 Yf^ from

Shore o n R! a t 42 M in. end of Isla nd. T his Isl and is Timbered, has high banks and is a Good Spot t o Enca mp on -Opp osite t he end on R! is a Creek 15 Y^' wide— The R iver sh allow a great way be low th e Islan d—Channel near R' & L! Shores at 6 Min beech on L! Ridge a little distan ce on R! bottom begins on L^—

S87W 6> 166 .d?... Water 12 Feet Ridge close on R\ thi s Cour -At end of Cours e Seve ral lar ge Rocks at edge of Water o n R\

S4SKW 14 ,d?. Water no bottom with 5

Fathom , beech on lef t end —a N umber of pre tty lar ge Stones along Shore on

R! and Ridge all this Cours ^Riv er 400 Y^f fi ne san dy shore on L!

SIKE 17 176 at thre e Mile s an H our Water no bottom with 5 fatho m Riv er 350 Yff Ri dge on R\ all the Co urse and a number of large St ones o n Shor e. fine Sandy Shore on L\ At 14 Min. end of Sand>' Shore

S39E 11 at 3 M iles an Hour. Water 20 Feet— Ridge on R! al ItheC ourse, River 400 Y R —

[ 58 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Swift utes Yards dling Slow

S79KE 28 2H d?. Water 20 Feet Mid Stream River 300 \ at 1 8 Min. botto m wid R^ At 15 Min. High Steep 'f Rocky Ridge sets in on U —bott om on r:

S47KE 5 d?. .. Water 18 feet Mid Stream —high steep Rocky Ridge on L! —bott R!-

S3E 169 d?. Water 18 feet Ridge on U bott R!

S22W 12 1 172 d°.. No bottom with 5 Fathom -Stee pRidg e on L! and b on R! all the Course

S43VV 12 H 264 Water no bottom with 5 FathT Ridge on Lef t, bott om on R!-

S83VV 48 33^ 176 d?. Water no bottom, High Steep R idge o n L! b ottom on R! -Rive r 500 Y^f at 38 Min. High Ridge sets in on R! botto m begi ns on V~

S49VV 327 d?. Water 12 Feet Mid Stream —Ridg eonR! and b ottom on V. all the Cours

S17KW 24 J^ 2 424 d?... Water no bottom Mid

Stream -Ridg e on R ! botto m on L!—At 19 M! n. bott om begins on R\ large Run on l:-

S82W 7 H 352 d?. Water no botto m- Ridge o n L! b ottom on R!

N53W 39 119 d?. Water 26 feet Mid Stream -Ridg e on L ' botto m on R5— ocky s hore o n L'all the Course—At 20 Min. bo ttom b egins o n L! S mall C reek o n Rl At 30 Min. River 600 Y^,' Ridge a little distan ce on R'. bee ch on V.

N80W 14 IK 54 Water 10 Feet near R!- Ridge o n R! b ottom on U

S54W 16 VA 376 d?. Water27 Feet near R!- Ridge o n R^ b ottom on U

/

\

Conrse "STfJlV" 5. Hutchins, Pencil Sketch, lo illustrate — B — —

[ 59 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

S12>^W 14 1> 54 d?. Water no bottom on R! —Ridge on R! botto monL !-At end of Course Nu mber of Rocks close on R!

S27KE 11 1 11 d?. .. Water no bottom—River 480 Y?" Ridge on R! botto mV- Rocky shore Rf all the Course

S65E 25> IK 286 Water no botto m Ridge a nd Ro cky sh ore on R!—bo ttom o n U- River 380 Yf'—At 20 Min. bottom begins on R! At 22 Min mall R un on V. At 25 Min. Ridge little dis- tance o n L!—

S42>^E 365 Water no bottom near r:-

Here we enc amped on L: of the River at 26 Encam pment

Sund ay the 27!" Ju ly Em barked 11>< Min. a fter 6 oClock

S42KE K .d?. . Ridge on L! Bottom on

22 2 22 d?. . Water no bottom 100 Y?' fro l:r ocky s hore o n left -At 2 Min. botto m widens on L!—At 20 Min. sm all Ru n on L

S54>^W 251. 2M .d?. Water 20 Feet near 11 left—at 7 Min • Ridg e 400 Yf on L! evel la nd on R' At Min. bottom

widens on V. At end of Co urse . n Islan d on L !Timb ered, & with high banks

S79W 39 3H 264 d?. Water 14 Feet Mid Stream —from Island to sho re on R! 420 Y^ Ridge sets in on L!—at 15 Min.

end of I sland at 17 Min. River 600 Y ?% at 2 1 Min sandy beech begins on R' At 17 Min. Gravel ly Isla nd beg ins on left an d Cont inues 4 Min. At 26 Min. end of beech on R: botto m wid ens on L!— ottom on R! all the Course, at end of Course Run o nR!

S26W d?, Water 14 Feet Mid

Stream -Ridg e sets in on R^and contin th leve 1 land on L! to end of

s t a t? Rocky Shore on R!

S5E 1 6 408 .d?. Water 23 Feet Mid Stream -Ridg e and Rocky shore onRM evel la nd on L!— at 6 Min. small Run a —A 1

[ 60 1 Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Swift utes Yards dling Slow

on R! w th aS tone b ridge o ver it —runn ing thr o sma 11 bottom—at 14 Min. level la nd on R! and Rocky shore ends At 22 Min. Water 10 Feet 100 Y?' from L! At 40 Min. a Shoal 100 Y^'from Shore on R! At 65 Min. Run on R\

S26KE 37 3K 237 d?. . . Water 14 Feet Mid Stream -level land o n R! a nd V. At 5 M in. San dy bee ch on U—At 10 Min. Narrow botto m and Ridge on R: at 1 5 Min. beech on L' ends—at 25 Min. bottom widens on R:

S28W 10 290 Water 28 Feet on L! Ridge s on U —Rive r 500 y^f Ri dge on Ubot tom on R! all the Course

S59W 25 2>4 65 d?. .. Water no bottom—at 1 Min. bo ttom b egins o n L!— at 18 Min. s mall C reek o n L' bottom on R!

N86W 49 409 Water 16 Feet Mid Stream at 2 Min. Rocky shore, narro w bott om & Ridge on V. At 20 Min. bottom widens on L! and R ocks e nd— t 30 M in. Ru n on R!—level all the Course on R!

S2412W 9K 209 d?. . . Water 13 Feet near R!— Ridge & w bott om on R!— R ocky s hore o n R; le vel land on L!

South 402 Water no bottom near Rl—nar row bo ttom a ndRid ge on R!—at 33 Mi n. bott om begins on R!—at 37 Min. en d of R ocky s hore o nRUt 56 Mi n. Rid ge on Li-

S52>^W 43 323 d?. . . Water 18 Feet. Bottom

onR! A t 21 M in. bot tom w idens o n l: At 34 Min. 1 arge Run on L!— River 600 Y^'

N72W 20 2. d?. .. Water 11 Feet close on V. this Course a Cros s the b nd— t 13 M in. bee ch on R'—At end of Course Ridge o n V. bottom on R! all the Course

N8KW 18 1^2 258 d?. Water no bottom near L! — Na rrow b ottom and R idge o n v.- at 5 M in. end of the beech which is in the mid die 10 Yf= broad —bott om on R!—

N12E 1 1 41^ 132 d?. Water 24 Feet Mid Stream -narr row bo ttom & Rid ge on L: lev el land on Ri-at 15 Min. bot- —— —

[ 61 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow dling

tom wid ens on Li—at 50 Mi Riv er 650 Y?f B on R' all the Course Run on Rl a t end of Cou

N74HW 24K 23 352 d?. Water 10 Feet close on R! At 6 Min. Rocky shore — narr ow bot tom an d Ridg e on R!—at 18 Min bott? widens on R! At 23 Min Run n R! e nd of Rocks —bott" on v. all the Course

S55VV 46> 4> 264 d?. Water 22 Feet near R!—

' At nine mm. a Numb er of 1 arge R ocks o n Shor e on R (Ridge sets in on R!) These R ocks a re mos tly in a Clus ter an d Jut out 10 Y9 in the River and are 15 f eet ab ove th e Wat er—on Top o f whic h grow s afew low bushes At 23 Min. Se ven la rge Ro cks on R!sho re 3 of which are do se together— at 32 Min. a Small Rock and a Remar kable large o n[e] in theWa ter near the Edge of Shore onR^B ottom on R! —at nd of Cou Ridge on v.

N64W 13> . .1. ..22. .d?. . Water 14 Feet Mid Stream — Rive r 420 Y?f Bo ttom o n R! a ndRid ge on L! all the Course—at end of Cour se Nu mber o f Rock 8 on L' Shore

N45I2W 2 264 d? Water 16 Feet near Mid

Stream — at e nd of Course Ridge on V. Level 1 and on R'. River about 400 Y?'— here ab outs t he low lands begin — Enc amped at the 27''' Encampment

Monda y the 28!" J uly em barked 3WM in. aft er 5 o Clock

N45i'^W 24K 2 424 d?. .. At IIM Min. bottom begins on v., here t he low lands begin. Water 22 Feet, Mid Str eam— River 550 Y t 21 M in. Sm all Ru n on Ll

N30W 1 22 . .20 .d?. .. Water 10 Feet 150 Y^ from L! at 15 Min. low H ill on R! At 20 Mi n. bott om begins on R!—At 31

Min. R ocks o n shor e on R ! At36 Min. Water 8 Feet Mid Stream, River 600

Y?' At 43 Min . a sma 11 Flat Gravel ly Isla nd clos e on R !—at 47 Min. end of the

Island —at nd of t his Co urse 1 arrow bottom and R idge on R! level land on U all th e Cour s^Ch annel on R! all the Course —at nd of Course Rocky shore on R!—

N653^W 23 2 183 d?. Water 14 Feet Mid Stream -at 5 Min. bottom widen sonR! —at 6 Min Small Creek on R'

S69KW 23 396 . d?. Water 15 Feet Mid

Stream -Cha nnel o nRiat begin nmg o f Cour se San dy beech on V. 100 Y?' — ; — —

I 62 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow- utes dling

wide Ro cks, na rrow b ottom and Ri dge on R!At 16 m: n. bottom widens on R!

level la nd on L!, at end of Course Water 23 Fee t Mid stream

S42MW 10 6K 290 d?... At 23 Min. Sandy beech on L! R iver 65 Y?= Chann el on R —At 62 Mi n. end of beech which is in the widest p lace 2 00 Y?' —Riv er 700 Y!",' L evel o nR! & L! the Course

S713/2W 1 3U 6^^ 198 . d°... Water 8 Feet Mid Stream Cha nnel o n R: A t 30>2' Min.L atitude is 38! 00'—at Middle of a Grav-

elly bee ch on R! — A t 65 M in. San dy bee ch on L!-

S52VV 45 3>< 220 d?. .. Water 15 Feet 200 Y^' from R! At 2 Min. end of the be ech wh ich is n the widest place 200 Y?' level on R! a nd L! all the Cours

siyiw 56 4 352 d?. . Water 8 Feet Mid Stream Chann el on R\ At 10 Mi n. Run on R! At 15 Min. a Remarkable high

perpend icular Rock i n the bank o f River on R! which extends to Edge of the

Water, has se veral s mall R ocks t its fo ot. and Top o f this Rock grows Timber

which a t some little distan ce app ears 1 ke a S mall h ill

S16W 1 1 4>2 132 d?. Water 16 Feet 200 Y^^ from Ll level on r; and L! all the Cours e—Riv er 700 Y?' At 41 Min. Island

close on R!— la rge Ru n on L ! At 4 Min. h igh ba nks on Island Timbered—at 54

Min. en d of Is land at 62 Min. i n Islan don R

S52^'^W 30 2K d?. Water 10 Feet Mid Stream —At 5 Min. b ank of Island with Timbe r begin s, here we Encamped at 28!'' En camp m e n t

Tuesd ay the 29!'' E mbark ed 12 Min. a fter 5 oClock

S52KW I5J2" .1. .286 d?. .

NyiJaW 24M 2 424 d?. Water 22 Feet close on yds U—fro 1 V. hore to beech of Isl; nd 400 beginn ing of this Course the bank & Timb er of I sland e nds— t 7 Mi n. end of beec h of Island—River 720 Y?'— le vel on R! and L!

N22HW 33>^ 3K 176 d? Water 14 Feet Mid Stream —at 1 2 Min the ba nk of River on L! a Sollid Rock for 308 Y^' at H Mile on L! a lo w Rid gt^At end of Cours e an Is land c lose on L! p^^

/ - fp

6. Mutchiiis. Pencil Sketches, to illustrate important stretches, Courses "S52}/ilV" to "S66}4W" ,-^

.••^ -M

llulihiiis, Pencil Sketches, to illustrate channel. Courses "S-IOW" lo "AVi^.^U' 63 64

/'V '"''^K-}xT.'-''^k ^ /

.*

\^^:i "

lo .S5t>U' S. Hiitchins, Pencil Sketch, to illustrate channel, Courses '.S'WHir" [ 65 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Tir Distance Water N?of Cour Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hour Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

S74>^W 36 76 .d?. Water 10 Feet Mid Stream —At 7 Min. an Isla nd clo se on L!— th is Isla nd is Timbered, but has low ban ks. At 20 Mi n. low er end of Isla nd-

N63W 20K IK 220 Water 6 Feet 200 Y^

from L! a wid e beec h on R ! this Cour

NlOi^W 1 '2 338 d?. Water 10 Feet 200 Y?' from L! a wide beech on R: all the Course

N14E 503.4' 2H 285 At 3 h Mile an Ho ur Water 16 Feet 200 Y^= from L!

N29W 19 1,54 308 d?. Water 6 Feet Mid Stream Cha nnel o n R!- from R toU shore River 750 Y?^— large beech on V. all th e Cour d?

S81KW 15^ 13< 335 Water no bottom with 5 Fath? 2 00 Y^' from R! At 8 Min Run o n R[ beech on L! this Course

S66W 14 d?. .. Water 22 Feet 150 Y^'

from R! alow Hill cl ose on R! wit h a Nu mber o f Flat Lime stones along shore

At en dof th is Cou rse Lat itude i s37?43

S74MW 347 d?. Water no bottom 100 Y?= fro r:

S84KW 35 3 355 d?. . . Water 22 Feet 100 Y?' from R! At 14 Min. a large Island in Mid die of River —At 17 Min. to where the Tim ber an d bank of Isla nd beg ms— fr om Isl and to Shore on R! 300 Y?'—

S56W 35 d? Water 12 Feet 100 Y?' from R! the Is land o n L! h as high banks and is well T imbered— at 24 Min. end of bank and T imber on Isla nd At 32 Mi n. end of beec h that goes out from lower e nd of Island

N86W 34 2H d?. Water 16 Feet Mid Stream —At 1 2 Min. River 850 Y At 3 Min. ning of a Gravelly flat within 2 00 Y?' of the L! and exten ds in S hoals a nd litt le Island almost aCross

the Riv er to t heR! A ——A — —

[ 66 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow utes dling

N52W 32 2> 264 d? Water 8 Feet 100 Y?'

from Ll for 11 Min. z long th s Cou rse litt le Gra velly fl ats & Shoals— in Middle of River —at 2 8 Min end of large beech on R\ at 31 Min. an Island close on

N39\V 13 396 d?. Channel towards R!

Encam ped on this Is land at the 30 !" Enc ampm ent

Thui sdav t he 31! July Embar k'd57 Min fter 9 oClock

N39W 26 326 River 800 Y?=—from Is- land to R!the Island 200 \ ?' wide —with small Timbe r and pretty high banks

but sub ject to over fl ow— t 16 M in. end of Isla nd— t 19 Min. large beech begins o nV.

S85W 16 13 376 d? Water 16 Feet Mid

Stream -At 1 1 Min. end of beech

S33KW 58 43 i 176 d?. Water 22 Feet 130 Y9 from R! At 40 Min. a large Island about the Mi ddle of River—Strong Current

all the Course , from Island toR!3 BO Y?' —At 4 8 Min. a Shoal goes from the Island 3 00 Y? aCross tow a rds r; -Cha nnel cl ose on R!

S17E 14 1 d°. .. Water 16 Feet 50 Y^' from R'. beech Runso ut fr( m Isla nd 250 at 12 Min. end of beech

S38E 52 112 at 5 M ile an Hour Water 16 Feet 80 Y?' from R! At 20 Min. e nd of Island

S13E 17K IK 110. . d? Water 6 Feet close by a beech o n L! th at com es fro m end of Isla nd- small I sland with Timber on

beech — a fine place t o enca mp on it has high b anks this beech runs quite

aCross the Ri ver an d Join s the L I shore at 15 Min— from beginning of Course -large beech begins on R! here

S27W Ui 110 d?. Water 18 Feet 100 Y° from L' -beec hon R

S64KW 30 234 d?. Water 14 Feet 150 Y?' from L! —beec hon R -at 2 6 Min. end of beech at a la rge Run on R' \ •-, V

9. Hutchins, Pencil Sketch, to illtistrate channel, Courses "S33}4^V" to ".SUE"

— a ——

[ 67 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Slow- utes dling

South 26 152 d? Water 24 Feet 150 Y?' from L! aRoc ky sho re on RUor 12 Min 100 Y broa d & flat without Trees At 20 M in. Lar ge Ru n on L

S57W 23 V 263 Water 12 Feet 200 Y?' from L'

N57W 521 3) 330 d?. Water 12 Feet mid Stream. At Ten Min. a Gras sy bee ch on L!200 Y?' br oad & 300 long—At 16 Min. a Numb erof R ocks in bank on L^ At 33 M alarge Island Situate a little t o left o f Midd of R iver— At 38 Min. b ank an d Timber begins on Is- land his Isl and is called the O uabach e Islan d

S86W 408 .d?. Water 18 Feet 100 Y? from R!

S68W 13 1 333 d?. Water 14 Feet Mid Stream from Island to sho re on R! 500 Yds_ At 7 Min. a small Island close

by the big on whic h the River divide when high— at end of this Course is

Ouabac he [W abash] River onR ! 350 Y wide Oppos ite to which the little

Island J ust me ntione d ends June tion of Ouaba che wi th Ohio is in Lat.37?41'3«

Encam ped on Ll of Ohio. at the 31f E ncamp ment

Fryda y halte d—

Satur day th e2°'^A ugust Embar ked 35 li Min after 5 P.M.

Slow 42 4 352 Water 15 Feet Mid Stream at 11 Min.R iver 70 Y?' At 24 Mi n. end of the Ouabache Island At 27 Min. e nd of beech that g oes fro m end of Isla nd—a Run on R'— at 36

Min. a s mall I sland very cl ose on L!— 12 Y?' I ong— beech between it and edge of Water 100 Y vide

S33MW 9 129 Water 5 feet 100 Y?^ from Le ft. bee ch of I sland o nR!

S51W 18K IK 238 d° Water 14 Feet—ARidge on Left near h alf a Mil^ at3K Min.T imber and ba nk of Island begins from L[ to Isla nd on R^Riv er 800 Yf' At 9KM in. end of Timber & bank of

36, Indian runners reported that the warriors who had collected at the mouth of the Wabash had dispersed. Croghan sent a depu- tation, from the Indians who had accompanied him from Fort Pitt, overland to Kaskaskia to apprize the principal chiefs there of his mission. The remainder of the voyage down the Ohio, and up the Mississippi to Kaskaskia. was now made without fear of the Indians, Captain Gordon was especially impressed by the herds of buffalo which he described as. "Extraordinary large and frequent," Croghan to Gage. January 16, 1767, JU. Htsl. Coll. XI. 489; Journal of Caplain Harry Gordon, 469; note 34, ante. A h —

[ 68 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Swift Slow Hours Yards dling

Island o n r: t his Isl and low— ere an other I sland begins immediately be-

tween e nd of t his Is and an d shor e on R whic h is als o low and has small Timber At 17 >< Mi n. end of the Island whic h is fro m R; shore 100 Y?'—

Encam ped at the 32 '^^ Enc ampm ent

Sunda y the 3 of A ugust Embar ked 6 Min. after 7

S51W 30— d? Channel on L! beech on Ri 100 \T br oad Water 12 Fee t 150 \9 fro m L! ( River from L! to beech on R! 5 00 Y?' at 8 M in.-) At 21 Min. ery sm all Isla nd on beech 50 Y?^ from

R[ At 2 6 Min to beg inning of sma 11 Islan d near er the Water on R'

S77W 242 d? Water 12 Feet Mid Stream

'4 17,'; . 10 S54\V . 1 177 d? Water Feet 100 Yf'

from Is! and on R! at end of beech -At 1 OMin. end of Island next the Right

River 1 ,000 Y

S35\\' 18 1'4' 176 .d? Channel on L! —At 12

Alio, s mall G ravelly flat Is and 3 00 Y! from L ! whic h over Hows with the

least f^o od— t 18 M n. a R ocky s hore

S26\V 42 3H 162 d?. Water 8 Feet 50 Yf from R!

SlS'-iE 1 91 6'A 209 Water 14 Feet 200 Yf from R! -near end of Cours e on L! a beec h runs out 30 ^'?'

S32E 11': 1 91 Water 12 Feet Mid Stream -large beech on R! 500 \ broa

S20E 15M IK' 295 .d?. Water 16 Feet. 120 Yf' 7 bottom Ridge on Rl from L! , from U tob eech 4 50 Y* At Min. a w and a la rge Cr eek on R! 50 Y^^ wi de"

S48E 433^ 3i4 403 d?. Water no bottom 200

V?' fr m R^ River 600 Y ?,' narr ow bot tom an d Ridg e on R!—At 15 Min.

small R un on R!— th at divi des the Ridge —At 1 9 Min Rocky shore on R\ At 30 Min. bo ttom w idens o n R! A t 40 M in. Rid ge and w bottom on R! then bottom widens imme diately

ettled later, to become the chief pioneer trading center for 69 ] — — — —

[ 70 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Miles Yards Swift Slow Hours utes dling

a beech going f rom R ! At 8 Min. b eech b egms o n R!R ocky Ridge on R! this Course and C ontinu es as a bove c lose to Island on L! and of beech at end of this Co

S55W 11 132 .d? Water 9 Feet 400 Y?' from L! At 9 Min. a Rema rkable large a nd hig h Perp endicular Rock in the Ridge o n R! w ith the Front bare a nd Tre es gro wing a Top—at 11 Min. begin- ning of Island 100 Y ^^ from L! at this Is land is Nu mber of drifted old Trees and Lo

S72W 173^ IK 217 d?... Water 14 Feet on left of Island — Rive r K M ile, Isl and on R! 50 Y?" Sh U 50 Yf'

S76>^W 29 K 341 d?. Water 6 Feet. At S^^ Min. a Run o n V.-

S72>

N8IV2W 6 Water 8 Feet

N63W 204 d?.

88 7W At 5 Min. end of Island—

845 KW 55J^ 4 286 Channel on R! this Course begins 100 Y ^' from beech on L! Water 12 Fee t—At 7 Min. a Run on R! Rocky Ridge on R! all the Course and fr om the above mentioned big Rock to

beginni ng of t his Co urse At 44 Min. Ridge close o n R! and Rocks of Lime Stone

West 10 290 d?. . Water 14 Feet 300 Y?= from R; a larg e beec h ends on L! -At 6 Min. Run o n L! beech begins on R!

N61W 30 119 d? Water 3 feet Mid Stream, Chan nel on L!—Ri dge set s m on L! ver y Roc ky with large Rocks on shore At 18 Min. b eech o n R: e nd s — At 32 Min. b ottom on left widens Ridge yi Mi e on R !—Just above end of this C a low flat bald Island

close on R! ab out 40 Y?' 1 ong

861 HW 19 419 d?. Water 10 Feet 100 Y?' from R! very s trong Curren t—Roc ky Rid ge clos on R beech on L! River 900

'J.: m

ii'

ilifficult channel, Courses "S/OH"' to ' -SWII" 1(1. Ilui.'hm-.. IV-ni ii Sketch, to illusii.iK- e^^pei i.illy [ 71 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766 [ 72 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766 \>

11. Iluuliiiis, Pencil Skelch. Mouth of Cherokee (Tennessee) River

—— —A

( 73 1 Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Slow Hours Miles Yards Swift dling

N671 oW 1 48 9K 248 .d?... Water 20 Feet 300 Y?' from L! Flat s hore o n each side t his Co urse At 26 Min. Run on R! At 30 Min. a parcel of Roc ks at e dge of Water on R: At 68 Min. Water 7 F"eet Mid

Stream —At 7 5 Min. Run o n r;- a Shoa 1 about MidS tream—At end of this 37?0'.30"'" Course is the Remai ns of F ort M asswic kon R ! of Ri ver in Latitude The River here is 990 Y ards \\' ide, T his Fo rt was Situate on a high bank er of small springs in whic h appe ars a g ood de al of Ir on Ore , and a Numb

S83HW 22 VA 264 Water 22 Feet 60 Y?' from R! At 10 K Mi n. Run on L!

N64W 19 308 d?. No bottom Mid Stream, At 69 Min. a flat G ravelly beech Surrou nded w ith wa ter a little to the R! of Mid Str earn at 74 Min. e nd of b eech

N64W 1 58K 8^ 275 Water 14 Feet 300 Y?' from R! a flat Gravel ly beec h in M id Stre am— t 9 Mi n. a Number of Iron Ore

Rocks a t edge of Wat er on R! At 61 Mi n. end of beec h in Mid Stream the lower e nd of which Joins L: sho re—At I mi Min. Run on L'—At end of Course encam ped on R!at the 36 !" Enc ampm ent

Thurs day th e 7'." e mbark ed 57 Min. a fter 4

S78>^W 3 41 < 396 a 100 Y?' from R'.—

At 13 Min. L ime St one R ocks a t edge of Wa R! At 42 M in. Lime Stone

Rocks o n R! s hore at edge o f Wate

S45 '/^W 1 29 269 d°. Water 8 Feet Mid

Stream —At 1 5 Min. four o r five Pretty large Rocks in the River 100 Y?' from R\ they appea r to be Lime S tone— At 32 Min. t hree la rge lime Stone Rocks two feet abo ve the Water Mid S tream —At 4 4 Min. beech on L! At 75 Min. beech

on L! I nds— A low Ridge on R! all this Cours

300 S23W 1 17 5H 44 Water no bottom. Y?' fro mUR iver 8 00 Y? —At 3 9 Min Run o n V. lo w land on R! and L! all the Cou rse

S57KW 23 359 At 2M Miles an Ho ur—Water 12 Feet Mid Stream this C ourse partly aCross theRi ver to within 150 Y?= of shore on R!

4t. Fort Massiac. founded by the French in 1757. was named after a French minister, but was commonly known as Fort Massiu or Fort Massacre. Its strategic location on the lower Ohio, made it an important post and also a trade center. C. W. Alvord, The . I763-1SI8. Cenlennial History of Illinois, vol I (Springfield. 1920). —

( 74 ] Courses of the Ohio River, 1766

Time Distance Water N?of Courses Remarks Courses Min- Mid- Hours Miles Yards Swift Sic utes dling

S42'/^W 14 142 At 2> Miles an Ho ur. Water 18 Feet 200 \'?' fro m R!a n Islan d on L ! At 4 Min. b eginni ng of a Cove on R' At 9 Min. a flat G ravelly beech in Cov e surro unded with Water —Run on R!

S37V2'W 64 2'2 176 At lya Mil an hou r. Channel on L! At 16 Min. en d of be ech an d Cove —the Island ends a t24M in. At 37 Min. Run on R! At 5 Min small Creek on R:

S15E 40 d?.

S45E 36 2^2 352 .d? down Middle of Ohio

River t o June tion w th th< Missi ssipi, Water no bot tom with 5 Fathom

Encam ped at the Ju nction at the 37!" E ncamp m e n t —Halted here Fryday, Saturda y and Sunda y— This Fo rk of t he Mis sissipi is in L atitude 36°43' Ohio River is 1060 Y^' wide and the Missis sipi 10 30 Y?' [ 75 ]

Map of the Ohio River, 1766,

by

Captain Harry Gordon,

Map Division, Library of Congress.

F/>/£ /' ^^//'i

I '"'"'^^mm?^'^.'-'-- : ^

77

DISTANCES FROM FORT PITT TO THE MOUTH OF THE OHIO

Distances from Fort Pitt in Latitude 40° 26' to the Mouth of the Ohio, in Latitude 36° 43', taken by Captain Harry Gordon, Chief Engineer in America, on his Passage down the River Ohio, undertaken by Order in 1766; together with the Latitude of some of the most remarkable Places which he took at the same Time, viz.

(Thomas Pownall, A Topographical Description . . . of the Middle British Colonies, dfc. (London, 1776). Appendix, 5; also reprinted in Mereness, Travels in the American Colonies, 488-489.) Latitude. Miles. Miles. Logg's Town — 18^ Big Beaver Creek — * 10^ 29^ Little Beaver Creek — 12^ 42 Yellow Creek — lOK 52 Mingo Town — 19^ 71>^ Two Creeks — 72>^ Long Reach — 51 123X End of Long Reach — 14K 138 Muskingum Run — 39° 16' 23 161 Little Kanhawa River — 12^4 17234 Hockhocking River — 13}4 126 Big Kanhawa River — 80^ 266 >^ Big Guyandot — 41^ 308 Big Sandy Creek — 13 321 Scioto River — 38° 22' 45 366 Big Buffalo Lick, one mile eastward of the Ohio— 24 390 Large Island, divided bv a gravelly beach .... — 203/2 410j/^ Little Mineami River. .' — 81^ 492>< Licking Creek — 8 500^ Great "Mineami River — 26^ 527>^ Theplace where theelephant's bones were found— 32^ 560>^ Kentucke River — 44X 604H The Falls — 38° 8' 77>-2 682 Where the Low Country begins — 155^4 837^ Beginning of the Five Islands — 37 875)4 Large river on the east side — 27 902 }4 Very large island in the middle of the river.. . — 58 690}4 Wabash River — 38^ 999^ Big rock and cave on the west side — 42^ 1042>^ Shawana River — 52>^ 1094K Cherokee River — 13 1107^ Fort Massiac — 11 1118K The mouth of the Ohio River - 36° 43' 46 1164

79

Map of a Tour from Fort Cumberland

North Westward round part of the Lakes

Erie, Huron and Michigan, including part of the Rivers St. Joseph, The Wabash and Miamis, with a Sketch of the Road from thence by the Lower Shawnee Toivn to Fort Pitt, 1762,

by

Thomas Hutchins.

Huntington Library Mss. H M 642.

81 ]

EXPLANATIONS AND TABLE FROM HUTCHINS' MAP, 1762.

Explanations and Table on Map of a Tour from Fort Cumberland North Westward, etc., 1762, Thomas Hutchins, Huntington Library Mss. H M 1091.

REMARKS.

About a Dozen French famiHes Compose the Settlement of Michilimak- inak, about which the Land is so Extreamly barren and Sandy that the Inhabi- tants are obliged to bring Earth for their Gardens some Miles, and depend intirely on the Indians for the Meat they use; The Streight they are Situate on yields them Fish in abundance Particularly Trout of which they seldom Catch any less than two feet long and often upwards of three feet.

The Land on the shore of Lake Huron to Michilimakinack is very poor

and mixed with sand and small stones so that it produces Scarcely any thing more than Pines, Birch and Oaks; The Water in many places along the shore is so shallow and full of Rocks that in a brisk Gale of Wind blowing on Shore, the Traders are obliged to keep a great way out in the Lake for fear of bashing their Canoes to pieces. The Land at some little distance from the .Shore of Lake Erie is very good and level all the way to Lake St. Clair.

From Fort Pitt to big Beaver Creek the Country is made up chiefly of broken Land, except in some few places where the Road touches near the River: To little Beaver Creek the Land is much the same and Timbered with Chesnut and small Oak: To the Beavers Town the Path Leads still over broken and

poor ground for a great way, but as you approach nearer to it, it appears Richer and freer of Hills: To Sandusky you pass through very Extensive level Savanna's and a Rich Country well Watered & Timbered: From the Miamis Fort to the

Lower Shawanoe Town the Country is entirely level, very Rich, plenty of Water and fine Timber, and in many places the Path takes through large Savan-

na's: To Licking Creek the Land is level and very Rich except in some places where the Path takes over small stony Ridges: To Waukatamikee the Road Crosses a Number of Steep Ridges: To the Delaware Town on Muskingum the

Land is good and pretty level, you then Cross several little Hills of indifferent Land badly Timbered and in some places Stony, the Path also leads through small Savanna's: The Country in General from the Delaware Town to the I 82 1 partings of the Road near yellow Creek is poor; except in places where the Creeks run through, and there the Land is Rich & well Timber'd

[Explanations in the lower left corner of the map.]

The Wabash is Navigable for Canoes in the time of a Fresh to within nine miles of the Miami Fort, but at any other time not within forty Miles of it: The Bottom of the Channel mostly Stony, and the Stream through a fine firtle Country very Gentle, but where you meat with Shoals: The french Traders haul their Canoes over a level Portage of nine Miles to the Miami River which they go down with a Rapid Current into Lake Erie: The Settlement of Ouiatanon

Consists of about fifteen french families Situate in a pleasant firtile Country which would produce all kinds of Grain Natural to the Climate were the Inhabi- tants to turn their minds to Cultivate the Lands which they seem Intirely to neglect, except some small Gardens and raising Indian Corn which they chiefly make their Bread of: Their whole Genius seems to be turned to the Indian Trade which they carry on very largely with the Natives: This Country abounds with very Extensive Natural Meadows which makes it very fitt for raising Stock.

The River Wabauche Runs through it and affords a Navigation to all the Towns on the Mississipi as far as the Gulf of Mexico:

The Land between St. Josephs and the Miamis Fort is level and Rich and the Road Crosses a Number of Delightful Savanna's but has been Carried a good way round between the Miamis Fort and the Small Town, by reason of a Number of little Lakes and drowned Lands of both which there is often to be found in this Country: Fort St. Josephs Stands within a few Yards of Navigable Water Commanded by two very high banks one on each side of the River, and from its situation appears to have been intended more as a place for Traders to put their Effects in, than a Work of Defence to keep the Natives at a Proper distance; it is in- habited by about a Dozen French families, who chiefly support themselves by the Trade they carry on with the Indians, and Notwithstanding the Country is very Rich about them, they raise nothing more than some Indian Corn and make a little Hay to support their Horses and Mules, and a few Milch Cows which seems to be all the Stock they have.

[Explanations on map (proper) just below Saguinam Bay]

From Michilimakinak along the East side of Lake Michigan to St. Josephs

River the Land is made up of Sandy barren Ridges Scarcely Producing anything but Pines, Oaks and Cedars, the Rivers that empty themselves into the Lake are Many of them Navigable a Considerable way up for Canoes, and some distance from the Lake the Country is very good and affords great Plenty of BufTaloes, Deer, Bears, Bevers and Turkeys &c. &c. I 83 1

Number of Indian Warriors:

At Tuscarawas Delawares 80

At and near Sandusky Wyandotts & Mohickons 200

At and near D'Troit Ottawas 200 Cheapwas 200 Poutewatamis 150 Wyandotts 200

At Saguinam Bay Ottawas and Cheapwas 200

At and near Michilimackinak Ottawas 250 Cheapwas 400

At Puans Bay Menomines 110

Some distance to the Westward of the Bay Puans 360 Sax or Sawkes 300 Reynards 320 Poutewatamis 200

At and near the Miamis Twightwees 230

At Ouiatanon Wauweoughtanoes 200 Kikopoes 180 Muskittons 90 Pyankashaws 100

At and near the Lower Town Shawanoes 300

At Waukatamikee Shawanoes 100

At a Town on Muskingum Delawares 70

[ 85

Itinerary of A Tour from Fort Cumberland North Westward round part of the Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan, including part of the Rivers St. Joseph, the Wabash and Miamis, with a Sketch of the Road from thence by the Lower Shawnee Town to Fort Pitt, 1762, by Thomas Hutchins, from Jenks, The "Ilutchins" Map of Michigan, Mich. Hist. Mag., X, 365-373.

April 4, 1762, left Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh). April 4-7, at Beaver Creek. April 7-19, across country to Mohickon Johns. April 19-21, on way to Sandusky. April 21-30, at Sandusky.

April 30-May 8, by water to Detroit. May 8-15, at Detroit. May 15-June 2, by water from Detroit to Michilimackinac (Mackinaw). June 2-7, at Michilimackinac. June 7-24, on way Michilimackinac to "the Bay" (Green Bay). June 24-28, at "the Bay." June 28-July 7, on return passage from "the Bay" to Michilimackinac. July 7-11, at Michilimackinac. July 11-August 6, by water Michilimackinac to St. Josephs. August 6-9, at St. Josephs. August 9-12, across country to the "Fort at the Miamie" (Fort Wayne). August 12-14, at Fort Miami. August 14-18, on way to Ouiatanon (Ouiatenon). .August 18-22, at Ouiatanon. August 22-26, on way to Fort Miami. August 26-30, at Fort Miami.

August 30-September 8, across country to the Lower Shawnee Town (Ports- mouth, O.) September 8-September 13, at the Lower Shawnee Town. September 13-24, 1762, across country to Fort Pitt.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOISURBANA

RIVER CINCINNATI the"COURSES OF THE OHIo"

3 0112 025317030