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FULLTEXT01.Pdf ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Uppsala Studies in Economic History, 95 Omslagsfoto: Vy över Sjuntorps bomullspinneriers fabrik vid Lilla Edet. Illustration nr. 51 (LI) i Sveriges industriella etablissamenter. Litografierade och tryckta hos A.L. Normans boktryck- eri-Aktiebolag. Andra serien. Stockholm 1879. Uppsala universitetsbibliotek. Omslag: Karin Ågren. Vetenskap och politik Bo Gustafsson 1931–2000, en minnesskrift på 80-årsdagan av hans födelse Redaktörer Lars Magnusson, Klas Nyberg och Lynn Karlsson Magnusson, L., Nyberg, K. och Karlsson, L. (red.). 2012. Vetenskap och politik. Bo Gustafsson 1931–2000, en minnesskrift på 80-årsdagan av hans födelse. (Research and politics. Bo Gustafsson 1931–2000. A memorial publication on the 80th anniversary of his birth.) Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Uppsala Studies in Economic History 95. 204 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-8401-9 . Abstract This book is a commemorative publication, with annotated, posthumously published material, in honor of Professor Bo Gustafsson on the 80th anniversary of his birth. Gustafsson was a professor at the Department of Economic History 1977−2000 at Uppsala University and one of the discipline’s most prominent figures during the late 20th century. The title “Research and Politics” refers to his political and publishing activity in 1960- and the 70’s left-wing movement and to his academic legacy up to the time of his death. His life and work are presented initially in an essay by Lars Magnusson, and thereafter for the first time Bo Gustafsson’s unfinished autobiography is published. The bulk of the book, however, is made up of his posthumously published essay, “The Transition from Domestic Industries to Factories” on the emergence of mechanized cotton spinning in the 18th century. It is a weighty contribution to the debate on the origins of the factory system in England and is presented in an introduction by Klas Nyberg. Finally Bo Gustafsson’s bibliography, compiled by Larisa Oldireva Gustafsson, is published. Keywords: Mechanized cotton mills, factory system, economic history, Lancashire, England, Industrial Revolution, cotton, scientific biography, scientific bibliography, the left movement, social movements, 1960s Department of Economic History, Box 513, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden © The authors 2012 ISSN 0346-6493 ISBN 978-91-554-8401-9 Printed in Sweden by Universitetstryckeriet, Uppsala 2012. Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala www.uu.se, [email protected] Innehåll Lars Magnusson, Ekonomihistorikern Bo Gustafsson – en inledning ............ 7 Bo Gustafsson, Jag flög med ett rött hallon i näbben. Några minnes­ anteckningar ................................................................................................. 17 Klas Nyberg, Introductory Comments to Bo Gustafsson’s “The Transition from Domestic Industries to Factories: With Special Reference to the British Cotton Industry” ............................................................................... 49 Bo Gustafsson, The Transition from Domestic Industries to Factories: With Special Reference to the British Cotton Industry ................................. 61 Part I. A Preliminary Narrative and Explanatory Sketch .................... 63 I. Abstract ..................................................................................... 65 II. The Transition from Domestic Industry to Factory Production .. 68 III. Some Problems of Meaning and of Research .......................... 70 IV. An Overview of the Problem ................................................... 75 V. The Structure of Domestic Industries and the Putting-out System ........................................................................................... 83 VI. The Rise of the First Factories in the Cotton Industry ........... 97 VII. Suggestions for future research ........................................... 123 Literature .................................................................................... 124 Appendix 1: Some suggestions as to how the problem of the transition from putting-out industries to factories may be ap- proached ..................................................................................... 127 Appendix 2: A note on the concept of factory and on factory employment in England 1840. ..................................................... 138 Appendix 3: Why were wages lower in domestic industries than in factories? ......................................................................... 141 Appendix 4: Notes on Marx and the transition to the factory system .......................................................................................... 144 Appendix 5: Three reviews ........................................................ 155 Part II. Preliminary steps towards modelling of the transition ......... 163 I. Introduction .............................................................................. 165 II. Definitions ............................................................................... 165 III. Properties of the Economic Organizations ............................ 167 IV. Putting-out and Factory Organization Compared .................. 169 Larisa Oldireva Gustafsson, Bo Gustafsson – bibliografi 1931–2000 ........ 177 Lars Magnusson Ekonomihistorikern Bo Gustafsson – en inledning Bo Gustafsson var professor i ekonomisk historia från 1977 fram till sin död 2000. Hans engagemang vid institutionen sträcker sig emellertid mycket längre tillbaka i tiden. När han först kom till Uppsala i början på 1950-talet hade han nog tänkt sig att bli lärare eller möjligtvis pröva möjligheterna att ta en kandidatexamen i juridik. Men istället fångades han tidigt av den fria och öppna atmosfär som rådde inom det nyspirande ämnet ekonomisk histo- ria under ledning av preceptorn och från 1959 den förste professorn i ämnet, Karl-Gustaf Hildebrand. Ekonomisk historia var då ett nytt universitetsämne. Som ett separat lärämne hade det inte många år på nacken – i starkt motstånd från ledande historiker som Erik Lönnroth hade Eli F. Heckscher under nästan kuppartade former år 1947 förmått den dåvarande ecklesiastikministern Josef Weijne att etablera det nya ämnet inom samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet. I Upp- sala började Hildbebrand undervisa i det nya ämnet på höstterminen 1948. Trots övergången till den samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten huserade dock den nya föreståndaren eller preceptorn Hildebrand tillsammans med en halv amanuens till att börja med i ett litet rum i dåvarande Historiska institutens Ekermanska hus invid universitetsparken. Först 1957 flyttade den nya institu- tionen in i några rum på första våningen i det så kallade Skandalhuset bredvid universitet. Etablerandet av den självständiga institutionen hade inte skett utan spänningar. Vissa historiker uppfattade det nya ämnet som en gökunge vars självständiga ställning man inte förstod vitsen med. Hildebrand var ju i botten först och främst historiker. Det hans studenter sysselsatte sig med var väl någon form av historia? Hildebrand hade främst kommit i kontakt med den ekonomiska aspekten av historien genom sitt avhandlingsarbete som utmynnade i ett arbete om Falu stads historia som han disputerade på för doktorsgraden på 1946. När det gällde Faluns utveckling spelade förstås koppargruvan en central roll vilket ledde honom in i studiet av den svenska järn- och brukssektorns historia. Men till sin läggning och med sin humanis- tiska inriktning var Hildebrand främst en historiker med en ovanlig förmåga att på ett inlevelsefullt sätt återskapa äldre tiders sociala och kulturella tankar och miljöer samt framhäva de enskilda aktörernas aktiva roll i den historiska utvecklingens myller. När Bo Gustafsson i början av 1950-talet knöt sina första kontakter med ämnet var det fortfarande ett oskrivet blad. Den historiska och aktörs- orienterade bakgrunden fanns redan – kunde en sådan även förenas med en 7 Lars Magnusson samhällsvetenskaplig och rent av nationalekonomisk inriktning? Gustafsson var beredd att pröva den möjligheten. Det var visserligen fråga om en marx- istiskt präglad nationalekonomi som stod i motsatsställning till den gängse neoklassiska analysen. Redan under 1950-talet skrev Bo kritiska artiklar både i Sverige och internationellt mot den förhärskande nationalekonomin – som förutsatte jämvikt och att människor på marknaden var rationella aktörer – och han korresponderade med ledande marxistiska ekonomer i Storbritannien, i synnerhet Maurice Dobb och Ronald Meek i Cambridge. En av hans husgudar var även den polske-amerikanska marxistiska ekonomen Oskar Lange vilken utifrån en grundläggande kunskap om neoklassicismen samtidigt kunde er- bjuda ett alternativ. Sådant gillade den unge Bo Gustafsson. Med ekonomisk analys och djupborrande analytisk samhällsvetenskap kunde ordning och struktur skapas i de historiska skeendena. Samtidigt fascinerades han av den historiska skildringens must och kraft. I detta fanns förstås också ett spänningsförhållande som han inte alltid lyckades överbrygga. Som samhällsvetare kunde han ibland hänge sig åt en stark kritik av historicismens försök att ”förstå” gångna tiders aktörer mot bak grund av den tid de levde i. Det var strukturerna och de ekonomiska krafterna som gällde. Men i praktiken var han samtidigt djupt skeptisk till anakronismer och genuint fascinerad av den enskilda människans möjlighet att påverka det historiska förloppet. Han var mycket kritisk till vad han uppfattade som re- duktionism eller ekonomisk determinism. I hans omfattande produktion
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