Studies in South American , and Hernandiaceae, especially of Surinam

BY

A.J.G.H. Kostermans (Utrecht).

INTRODUCTION.

Acknowledgments.

The present investigation has been carried out in the

“Botanisch Museum en Herbarium” of the University of

Utrecht. I wish to render to Dr. A. Pulle, the Director of

the sincere thanks for the facilities afforded Institute, my most

to and for the interest in the of this work. me progress

I indebted to of the Berlin- am also greatly the Directors

Dahlem, Brussels, Göttingen, Leiden and Paris Herbaria and

to the members of their staff for the opportunity of studying

in these Institutes the collections entrusted to their care and

advice. words of thanks due to for their helpful Special are

Dr. O. C. Schmidt (Berlin-Dahlem), Dr. R. Benoist

(Paris) and Dr. Exell (South Kensington). To Mr. Wilmott

for the information he (South Kensington) I am obliged gave

me with to the Persea, and to Dr. Hochreutiner regard

(Geneva) for the loan of the type specimen of Ocotea vernicosa.

To the Brussels, Berlin-Dahlem, Göttingen, Kew, Leiden

indebted the of and Paris Herbaria I am for loan specimens

which I needed for the solution of various special problems. 2

Scope of work.

It in the first Surinam which in this are place to paper

has been In attention paid. various instances however it was found advisable revise of and then of to a part a genus, course species not occuring in Surinam had also to be taken into consideration.

Material studied.

I have done my best to make the enumeration of the specimens

in collected Surinam as complete and reliable as possible. For this I have verified all the older determinations. The purpose

Surinam collections preserved in the Herbaria of Berlin-

and Dahlem, Brussels, Gottingen Leiden are entirely included.

It doubtless that other herbaria is true too possess specimens

but of Surinam , as the greater part of these are merely duplicates of sheets belonging to the herbaria mentioned above, these collections are not of great importance. Those of Daniel

Rolander, presumably in the Copenhagen Herbarium, could

is not be found; this a great pity, because the study of these

is for the solution of several plants absolutely necessary problems of identity. The Surinam material preserved in

Utrecht consists for the greater part of collections made by

it the ,,Boschwezen” (Forestry Bureau); was collected mainly

in the localities indicated on the the end of this map at paper.

In the of the in the a method 1924 numbering forest, which to that date had been the Bureau up applied by Forestry with such a great succes, was unfortunately stopped. Especially in the this method is the utmost a family like Lauraceae of

it is the for importance, as practically only way establishing

various the specific identity or non-identity of the fruiting and

in flowering branches, which their vegetative characters are often similar. A of these collections has been very survey given by Pulle in his ,,Enumeration of the Vascular Plants known

from Surinam and in a in the (1906)” paper published ,,Rec. 3

d. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 22 The Utrecht Her- (1926), p. 324”. barium also number of flowers and possesses a jars containing preserved in alcohol. As they belong to the herbarium specimens collected by the Forestry Bureau they are not mentioned separately. Information with regard to habit and

colour and of flowers and fruits taken to fragrance were from the labels supplied by the collectors and from the card catalogue

Bureau. made by the Forestry All other particulars were

studied on herbarium material.

ABBREVIATIONS.

Herbaria: Vernacular names:

B Brussels Ar. Arowaccan (Indian) D Berlin-Dahlem Car. Caribbean, Caraibic, Galibi (Indian) G Gottingen N.E. Negro English L Leiden Sar. Saramaccan (Negro) K Kew S.D. Surinam Dutch

P Paris

U Utrecht CHAPTER I.

NEW AND CRITICAL SPECIES.

MALPIGHIACEAE.

Niedenzu in his monograph o£ the Malpighiaceae includes the

diagnostic characters of the varieties in his description of the

this however species. In paper the description of the species

is based on the var. The or absence exclusively typica. presence

the has been used Niedenzu of glands on sepals by as a varietal

him diagnostic and before even new species had been based

it on this character. In the course of this study appeared

however that and be found glandular eglandular sepals may

the flowers of the even in same (see: Byrsonima coriacea).

taxonomic value be attached Consequently no great can to

the absence of these and in the enumeration presence or glands

of the specimens I have indicated the two forms therefore

and merely as: glandless gland bearing.

Mascagnia anisopetala (Juss.) Griseb. in FI. Bras. XII,

i( i858), p. q5.

In r M. macrodisca et Niedenzu is m3 opinion (Tr. PI.) a

variety only of M. anisopetala. The sole difference lies in the

tomentum, which is sericeous in M. macrodisca and tomentose

in M. anisopetaLa. The difference in the form of the , to

which Niedenzu draws the attention, viz. usually

obtuse- cuspidate-acuminate in M. macrodisca, acuminate or

in M. of apiculate anisopetala are fluctuating nature. Of still 5

less importance is the diameter of the wings and I have not been able to confirm his statement that the glands of the sepals

than of M. macrodisca are less free those of M. anisopetala.

not macrodisca. Niedenzu did see flowers of M. A specimen with flower buds from Bolivia (Buchtien n. 1799) shows that the flowers the those of M. too are exactly same as anisopetala.

Mascagnia anisopetala (Juss.) Griseb., var. macrodisca Kosterm. (Tr. et PL) nov. var.

Frutex scandens. Pube sericea Folia appressa. ovata apice

6—8 pleraque cuspidato-acuminata. Samarae ala cm diametro.

Mascagnia multiglandulosa Niedenzu, var. surinamensis

Kosterm. nov. var.

Ramuli teretes, dense lanuginosi. Folia oblonga vel elliptica basi rotunda vel subcordata margine subrevoluta apice brevlter

vel acuminata apiculata supra glabrescentia nervis majoribus exceptis subtus dense persistenter lanuginosa. Inflorescentiae floresque ferrugineo-lanuginosi.

Emden fl. Surinamo, Brownsberg (v. s. n., m. Sept.; typus in Herb. Utrecht).

Cav., Diss. IX Tetraptcris mucronata (1790), p. 434, emend. Kosterm.

I have united the two species T. mucronata Cav. and

T. because into each other. The crebriflora Juss., they merge

dubia Griseb. var. of T. crebriflora can hardly be distinguished

from T. To better of the different mucronata. get a survey

varieties I have divided the species into two subspecies:

T. eumucronata, covering mucronata s.s. and crebriflora, consisting

of T. crebriflora.

F. Tetraptcris discolor (G. W. Meyer) Niedenzu, var.

Kosterm. brownsbergensis nov. var.

Folia glabra obovato-oblonga vel oblonga basi acuta apice

breviter acuminata obtusa ad i5 petiolls usque mm longis.

Inflorescentiae ad (fructiferae) usque 20 cm longae. 6

Surinamo, Brownsberg (B. W. n. 658, £r. m. Sept.; v. Emden £r. in Herb. s. n., m. Sept.; typus Utrecht).

This variety links T. discolor with T. ovalifolia Griseb. from which it differs by the thinner and smaller leaves.

Tctrapteris puberula Miq. in Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. X id. in Linnaea 18 56. (i8q3), p. 84; (1844), p.

The type specimen of this species: Focke n. 33o, lower

Suriname R., is identical with T. discolor (G. F. W. Meyer)

Niedenzu. The be the fact that this error may explained by specimen consists of an only, the inflorescence leaves always being smaller and somewhat different in shape

from the normal ones.

in FI. Bras. Hcteroptcris nervosa Juss. St. Hil., mer. Ill

26. (i83a), p.

According to Macbride in Field. Mus. Nat. Hist. VIII,

this H. suberosa 2 (iqSo), p. 120, name must supplant: (Willd.)

I Griseb, the name of Willdenow being a nomen nudum. have combined this species with H. anoptera Juss. Neither the length of the inflorescence, nor the thickness of pedicels and peduncles,

of nor the shape of the top the styles of H. anoptera are

In sufficiently distinct from those of H. nervosa. the shape and the of of is length the wings the samaras there no difference at all.

Hcteroptcris multiflora (D. C.) Hochreutiner in Bull. N.-York Bot. Gard. VI, (1910), p. 277.

This species has first been described by Poiret as Malpighia reticulata In Flora Bras. I Grisebach (1816). XII, (i858), p. 71 described another species as Heleropteris reticulata Griseb.

Niedenzu altered the name illegally into H. Grisebachiana.

has be for the described The name H. reticulata to kept species by Grisebach and M. reticulata Poir. should be altered into

H. multiflora, the name of D.C. being the oldest synonym. 7

Banisteria Juss. (non Linn.).

De FI. Bras, merid. Jussieu (St. Hil., Ill, i832, p. 27) and after him several other authors, including Niedenzu, have employed the name Banisteria in another sense than Linnaeus

As did. the name; Heteropteris Kunth, based on the type specimen of Linnaeus’ to the nomina conservanda genus Banisteria, belongs and Banisteria Linn, has been rejected (Intern, rules, ed. 3,

it advisable to make Banisteria igSS, p. i35), appears Juss.

conservandum and Robinson (non Linn.) a nomen Banisteriopsis

Small Amer. FI. ex (N. XXV, 2, 1910, p. i3i) a nomen

In this the of the rejiciendum. way renaming numerous species

in his under the mentioned by Niedenzu monograph name:

will be avoided. See for the discussion Banisteria sensu Juss.

of the generic names: Heteropteris Kunth and Banisteria L.:

Pfl. reich IV Fawcett and Niedenzu in Engl., (1928) p., 386;

FI. IV and the scheme: Rendle, Jam. (1920), p. 232, following

Banisteria in Linnaea 18 53 calocarpa Miq. (1844), p.

Niedenzu’s monograph merely refers to the diagnosis given

by Miquel. Miquel did not describe the flowers. He stated

that this species is nearly related to B. lucida Rich., but that

7 2 8

it differs from the latter in the shape of the leaves, in the inflorescence and in the flowers. Of this species I have only the Focke seen specimen: n. 329, which bears the determination of The Miquel. same specimen was labeled: B. lucida by

Niedenzu. It is very incomplete, having samaras only, the latter are not different from those of B. lucida, and a few

the leaves, one of leaves has a slightly cordate base, the others do not differ in the least from those of B. lucida.

Banisteria leptocarpa Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. VII i3. (1848), p.

B. Tr. PI. is elegans et a very polymorphous species. By

its it some of forms is connected with B. leptocarpa. I have removed the var. ciliata Ndz. of B. elegans to B. leptocarpa. But it is better perhaps to unite the two species. In both the underside of the leaf is with provided glands on either side of the midrib and in both Niedenzu calyx glands occur. points rightly to the following differences: B. leptocarpa has pseudo-alternate leaves, differing in shape from those of B. elegans and with glands along the margin. The tomentum too of this species differs from that of B. elegans.

Banisteria cristata Griseb. in Linnaea 16. 22 (1849), p.

The specimen: Wullschlagel n. i83, mentioned by Niedenzu in Enumer. Pulle, PI. Surin. was collected in Venezuela.

Brachyptcrys Juss.

This genus is closely related to Stigmaphyllon, but differs

in its so widely general habit, its inflorescence and its , that there is no sufficient reason for uniting it with Stigmaphyllon, as Niedenzu has done.

crassifolia L. Byrsonima (L.) Rich, ex A. de Jussieu in Ann. Mus. Paris XVIII (1811), p. 481.

A. L. de in Ann. Mus. Paris XVIII Jussieu (1811), p. 481

. . M. . telles les says: ,,D’autres. (Malpighiacees), que spicata, 9

lucida, etc formeroient un crassifolia, verbascifolia, , second

Mr. Richard As the nomme . . genre que Byrsonima , . name

of Richard is there is Byrsonima accepted, no reason why the names of the species, above mentioned, should not be accepted

valid himself as combinations, though Jussieu was not convinced,

that they belonged to the genus Byrsonima. The combinations of Richard should therefore have the priority above thoseofKunth.

Small includes B. cotinifolia Kunth also in this species. This

be advocated the the may on ground of polymorphy of this species, but the shape of the leaves and their tomentum make it preferable to keep them separated. The forms: Kunthiana

less Niedenzu, ferruginea (Kunth) Griseb., and more or cubensis

(Juss.) Niedenzu are merging into each other. The differences in the pilosity of ovaries, anthers and leaves are of little value,

this character often in the of as changes process maturing.

Byrsonima coriacca (Swartz) Kunth in H.B.K., Nov. V gen. (1821), p. n3 (col. ed.).

Kunth in in V states a note H.B.K., Nov. Gen. (1821), p. n3 (col. ed.): ,,(Byrsonima Rich.) Hujus generis sunt:

M. crassifolia Aubl., M. moureila Aubl., M. spicata Cav.,

M. altissima Aubl., M. verbascifolia Aubl., M. lucida Swartz,

M. coriacea et M. Poir”. I consider these Swartz, rufa names, for far had not so as they yet been published by Richard, as

valid combinations made by Kunth. Sandwith (Kew Bull. 5,

3 is of different The is rather ig55, p. 12) a opinion. case

but in can arise as what dubious, my opinion no difficulty to was the meaning of Kunth.

Byrsonima Aerugo Sagot in Ann. sc. nat. 6e ser. XII

(1881), p. 178.

According to Sandwith (Kew Bull. 5, iq35) this species is identical with B. altissima Auct. (not of Aubl.). The name

altissima Aubl. Guia. I is of Malpighia (1776), p. younger 10

date than Malpighia altissima Jacquin, Observ. Bot. I (1764),

and must therefore be I for p. 40 rejected. propose Malpighia altissima Aubl.the Kosterm. name Byrsonima Aubletii nom. nov.

densa Prodr. I Byrsonima (Poir.) D.C., (1824), p. 58o.

I have united this species with B. amazonica Griseb. The differences according to Niedenzu are: Leaves glabrous (or

B. amazonica puberulous at the margin) and shining beneath; :

but in leaves glabrous, dull beneath the latter species the var. lucidula Niedenzu has (Huber) a shining lower surface. Poiret

that the leaves of (Enc., Suppl. IV, 1797, p. 7) states

B. amazonica both but less beneath. are shining on surfaces, so

The is in shape of the leaves both practically the same. I could not confirm Grisebach’s statement, that the lower leaf surface is sparsely covered with black dots: in Grisebach’s material the leaves have been infected It is may by fungi. possible, that B. punctulata Juss. also should be included in the above mentioned the of accords species: description Jussieu very well with this there difference in supposition, is only a slight the shape of the leaves. Unfortunately I could not find this specimen in the Paris herbarium.

Kosterm. Byrsonima densa var. emarginata nov. var.

Folia oblanceolata apice emarginata, apice ramuli brevissime

•—5 congesta. Internodia 1 mm longa.

fr. Surinamo, Dalgerberg (Pulle n. 3g5, m. Sept.; typus in Herb. Utrecht).

Alcoceratothrix Niedenzu.

In Arb. Inst. Braunsb. I Niedenzu Lyc. (1901), p. founded Alcoceratothrix the a new genus: on 2 species: Byrsonima

Benth. and B. The of the rugosa stipulacea Juss. name genus is derived from the antler shaped hairs (the author introduces

under the here the name Elk-horn shaped hairs, probably

of his influence of the Elk reserve in the vicinity residence; 11

I did use this as it a false of not name, may give impression the shape of these hairs: the branches of the latter namely

not flattened those are like of the antlers of the Elk; usually they are more or less stellate or antler-shaped). Antler shaped hairs however also in occur Byrdonima Poeppigiana Juss., B. nitidissima Kth. and B. where be laurifolia Kth., they can even

6-branched. Other species of Byrsonima moreover show hairs

from the B. differing ordinary compassneedle type, e.g. verbascifolia

Rich, where to be of the branches (L.) they appear simple, one being reduced. Therefore not too much significance should be attributed to this character. On the other handthe large stipules, the sepals already recurved in bud and the rectangular

the nervation of leaves also serve to distinguish Alcoceratothrix from Byrdonima. In the opinion of Sandwith and myself, however, these characters are not so important as to necessitate the

of the because the separation two genera, especially general

of the various is similar, also appearance species very (see

Gleason and Smith in Bull. Tor. Bot. Cl. 36i and 60, p.

Sandwith in Kew Bull. Other differences, ig55, p. 3xi). mentioned Niedenzu are still the bullate by more dubious, e.g.

its leaves of Alcoceratothrix and climbing habit. More or less

in bullate leaves also occur other species of Byrsonima and

to Alcoceratothrix stipulacea Juss. is, according v. Emden (on

tree. label), a

I have combined and B. Byrdonima rugosa stipulacea Juss.

The principal difference, according to Niedenzu and already

mentioned by Bentham in Lond. Journ. Bot. VII (1848),

is the of in B. As p. 118, presence glands rugosa. previously

remarked, this character has no specific value. Neither could

I confirm the of difference in the of the presence a shape

indicated viz. the hairs, as by Niedenzu, presence of trimorphous

hairs B. and of hairs of hind B. in stipulacea one only in rugosa,

that the in B. nor tertiary nerves are parallel rugosa only.

The sole difference I could find lies in the stipules, which 12

in B. and with rugosa are longer provided longer hairs; the

of the poor state specimens of B. stipuLacea makes it however

doubtful, whether this difference is of value. very anj-

LAURACEAE.

Persca Mill.

Mr. A. J. Wilmott from the British Museum of Natural

has been kind in the infor- History very giving me necessary mation with to the of this in regard publication genus Miller’s

Gardener’s Dictionary. The 8th edition of this work follows the Linnean nomenclature, the other editions do not and consequently they figure on the list of works to be rejected according to the proposal of Mr. Wilmott (Kew Bull. ig35).

As Mr. Wilmott the Persea pointed out to me genus was

is in properly described and the name therefore valid the usual sense. It therefore Mr. Wilmott seems necessary to and the Mill, me to change name Persea Gaertn. to Persea in the list of nomina conservanda. Otherwise we should have

curious the fact that the species name; Persea americana Mill, is of older date than the Persea Gaertn. genus name:

Benthamiana Meissn. in Persea D.C., Prodr. XV, i (1864),

P- AA-

sericeous The leaves of this species are densely beneath; the adult and leaves of Persea nivea Mez are nearly glabrous

but the leaves have the sericeous pruinose beneath, young same

those of P. Benthamiana. In the tomentum as my opinion two species are identical.

Persea coriacea Kosterm. nov. spec.

Arbor Ramuli sulcati i5 m. sparse pilosi glabrescentes.

Rami laeves Petioli distincte cylindrici glabri. tenues glabri supra

canaliculati ad 2 cm Folia alterna coriacea usque longi. elliptica vel lanceolata basi breviter acuta apice breviter 13

acuminata vel acuta veteriora rotundata vel emarginata margine

1 recurva (5 —)io —12( —i3) cm (i y / longa, 2 —)3 2 —4 1/2<—5) cm lata nitida dense tenuiter supra glabra punctiformi-areolata

mediano costis vix infra nervo impresso prominulis glabrescentia

sub brunneo-lutescentia lente granulata nervo mediano prominente

costis —i o curvatis utrinque /• patentibus subprominentibus venis prominulis dense areolatis. Inflorescentiae in axilli sfoliorum

floribus late ad superiorum paucioribus pyramidales usque

10 sulcato ad cm longae pedunculo graciliore glabro usque

6 incluso ramulis alternis ad y cm longo usque i 2 cm longis.

Floris tubus subnullus attenuatus in pedicellum sulcatum extus dense breviter cinereo-pilosus intus glaber. Perianthii lobi sub-equales ovato-orbiculares i% mm long! concavi carnosi extus dense cinereo-puberuli exteriores intus eodem indumento vestiti interiores intus cinereo-sericei. Stamina exteriora 2 mm longa filamentis extus dense sericeis antheras sub-aequantibus sub-gracilioribus applanatis antheris ellipticis apice rotundatis margine plerumque constrictis cellulis introrsis, seriei tertiae

mm filamentis extus i%—'2 longa i— 1% mm longis cinereo- tomentosis intus basi glabris tertia parte a glandulis parvis sessilibus ellipsoideis compressis praeditis antheris ellipticis

cellulis extrorsis. extus glabris Staminodia i mm longa fere

ad dense cinereo-sericeo-tomentosa intus usque apicem glabra apice sagittata incrassata atra. Seriei quintae staminodium

adest. Ovarium i mm singulum saepe glabrum cylindricum % longum stylo crasso % mm longo. Bacca globosa laevis i cm diametro diametro cupula subplana parva margine integra 4 mm

alta. 2 mm Pedicellus fructifer crassus obconicus 1 cm longus apice 3 mm latus.

Emma Hendrik Surinamo, Range, top; 1080 m. (B.W

n. 5748, fl. m. Mart.; typus in Herb. Utrecht).

Species Perseae Lanceolatae (Meissn.) Mez simillima sed

magnitudine et forma loborum perianthii ovario glabro aliisque

notis differt. 14

Ocotca Aubl.

O. rubra Mez, O. Rodiaei (Rob. Schomb.) Mez and O. bar- cellensis (Meissn.) Mez differ from the other Ocotea species in the shape of the outer stamens. But for the position of the anther cells the latter show a striking resemblance with those of Nectandra I with that many species. agree Mez, for the

of the Ocotea and the separation genera Nectandra, position of the cells is of primary importance and the shape of the anthers

The in secondary. cells the species mentioned above are inserted

vertical and these therefore in two rows species are to be reckoned the Ocotea. to genus

Ocotea rubra Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V (1889),

p. 268.

of material My description the flowers based on Surinam shows deviations that Mez. important from given by There can be doubt that the no however, type specimen (Melinon s. n. in Paris the Herb.) and the specimens from Surinam are con- specific. The flowers of the type specimen are badly preserved and rather moreover young.

Ocotea Rodiaei (Rob. Schomb.) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart Berl. V 236. (1889), p.

and Trimen Ill, a Bentley (Med. pi. 1880, p. 219) give very of this species. It has been mixed good drawing repeatedly up with other species, but can easily be recognised by the elongated- triangular form of the outer stamens with their basal cells.

The in the Kew Herb, is the specimen Schomburgk n. 1004 same as Schomburgk n. i/o3 in the Brussels and Oahlem

Herb., the former bearing in addition the number i/o3. It is curious in that most flowers of this species are abnormal

increased possessing an number of stamens.

Ocotca barcellensis (Meissn.) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart.

Berl. V (1889), p. 23/.

This species was erroneously described by Ducke (Arch. 15

Rio de a Nectandra. He led Janeiro V, ig3o, p. n3) as was astray by taking the shape of the outer stamens, instead of the position of the anther cells as a generic criterium. The type

O. barcellensis specimen of (Spruce n. 1926) has immature fruits, still included in the cupule. But the cupule shows already the

double same margin as that of the two specimens of Nectandra

Barb. Rodr.: Ducke and elaiophora n. 23g63 [D.] n. 19966 [U.], which I had an opportunity for studying. The flowers of the latter specimen are abnormally enlarged.

Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Benth. et Hook.f., Gen. Ill

i58. (1880), p.

According to the description of Gymnobalanus Fendleri Meissn.

from which is M.ez Venezuela, given by as a synonym, the berries of this is species are 2 cm long and the fruiting pedicel

and to mm and diam. This sub-cylindrical up 7% long, 5% mm species can not belong therefore to O. glomerata.

Ocotea Aubl., PI. Guia. II guianensis (177.6), p. 781.

Aublet III (Guia. II, 1776, p. 781, t. 3io) gives a description and a drawing of a fruit, which do not belong to this species.

He mistook the valves of the anther cells for the anthers

themselves and described the filaments as bearing four anthers,

of each the latter with a cavity underneath. A specimen in

the in Sprengel Herb, Berlin, determined as Laurus surinamensis

Swartz is Ocotea Mez the is Lauracea. floribunda p. p., rest not a

Ocotea guianensis Aubl., var. subsericea Kosterm. nov. var.

Differt a specie foliis subtus indumento indistinctiore sub-

sericeo vestitis.

Fluv. Surinamo super, prope Goddo (Wilhelmina Exped.

n. fl. Herb. io5, m. Jan.; spec, femin.; typus in Utrecht).

Ocotea Wachenheimii R. Benoist in Bull. Mus. Hist. nat.

Paris 3o 5io. (1924), p.

The the rudimentary ovary in male flower is sometimes 16

and with minute, stipitiform provided an inconspicuous stigma, but shows all to distinct gradations a quite ovary, provided with a conspicuous style and stigma. The shape of the

is of rudimentary ovary consequently no importance as a species character.

Ocotea caudata (Meissn.) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V

(1889), p. 3/8.

This species shows a great variation in the shape of the

which sometimes leaves, are obovate-cuspidate and sometimes oblong-cuspidate. Both forms of leaf occurred on the same

O. Mez is . urophylla (Meissn.) perhaps also a mere variety of this species.

Necsiana Ocotea (Miq.) Kosterm. nov. comb.

This first Nectandra species was validly published by Miquel as

Neesiana in Linnaea 18 afterwards (1844), p. 748; Miquel

himself into surin. altered this name Oreodapbne fallax (Stirp.

the 1860, p. 202), name adopted by Mez. O. florulenta (Meissn.)

of which I could the Mez, study type specimen (Spruce n. 812,

in Ocotea n. 1 the Dahlem Herb.) does not differ from

O. Neesiana. Mez however confused his O. florulenta with other

Nees Linnaea species. Oreodaphne dispersa (Syst., i836, p. 427;

620, cit. Sello n. is O. Hilariana 21, 1848, p. quoad spec. i36i)

Mez. Meissn. in Prodr. Oreodaphne confusa D.C., XV, 1 (1864),

126 and in FI. Bras. cit. p. V, 2 (1866), p. 221, quoad spec.

Sello n. i38i, is O. Hilariana. It remains doubtful, whether

Meissn. Neesiana Gymnobalanus Sprucei belongs to O. or to

O. Hilariana. With the aid of the leaves alone they can not be I distinguished and had no opportunity for studying fruiting

of O. The latter specimens Hilariana. can easily be recognised

the flowers which be and by larger seem to hermaphrodite not

in dioecious, as they are described by Mez: the so called male

flower a well with and developed ovary, provided style stigma

is present. 17

Ocotea Nees, pubcrula Syst. (i836), p. 472.

This widely distributed species has been described under

Martiniana several names. O. (Nees) Mez differs from O. puberula

Mez the filaments. The latter according to by are said to be united with the perianth segments. Pilger (Engl. Jahrb. 3o,

could confirm this could I. 1902, p. i53) not statement, nor

Ocotea vcrnicosa Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V (1889),

p. 33i.

555 in Mez mixed a flowering specimen (Melinon n. the

Paris Herb.) of O. globifera Mez with the fruiting specimens of O. vernicosa The label of the (Melinon s. n.). specimen in the Geneva Herb, bears the words and I therefore nov. spec, consider this specimen as the type of O. vernicosa. Neither the

the leaves resemble those of Ocotea cupule, nor an species.

In it is that this my opinion more probable species belongs to the Acrodiclidium. genus

Ocotea subglabra R. Benoist in Arch. Bot. T. 5 (Jan.

and in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1929), p. 10 yS (1928),

is identical with Ocotea Mez. p. 979, oblonga (Meissn.)

Ocotea Tessmannii O. C. Schmidtin Notizbltt. Berl.-Dahlem

identical with Ocotea X, 93 (1928), p. 233 is cuneifolia (R. et P.)

Mez. I do with Macbride Mus. not agree (Field XI, 1, ig5i,

that the of the in Ruiz p. 18) names species published et Pavon,

FI. Peruv. IV invalid. The and are drawings are very good

in they are provided with flower details. Nothing the rules

to consider these compels us species as invalidly published.

Ncctandra Nees grandis (Mez) Kosterm. nov. comb., non

Klotsch Karst in in Linnaea 21 mscr. ex et syn. (1848), Endlicheria Mez in Bot. Gart. p. 5o5; •—• grandis Jahrb.

Berl. V — Nectandra Sandwith (1889), p. 124; praeclara

in Kew Bull. — Nectandra dioica Mez in 1932, p. 224; 16 3o8. Fedde, Rep. (1920), p. 18

The fruiting type of this species in the Paris and Dahlem

Herb, from French Guiana is identical with the flowering

type of N. praeclara Sandwith. Flowers, collected at various

times from the Surinam show deal same tree a good of

variability; the tube, at first infundibuliform, increases at the

end of the flowering period rapidly in bulk and becomes sub-

with distinct the the globose a contraction at top; in specimen:

B.W. n. the tube is in 5546 extremely, my opinion more or

less the but abnormally, enlarged; perianth segments vary

little in and The 6 between shape tomentum. outer stamens vary

ovate or ovate-rectangular and transversally elliptic, the top

of the anthers rule is as a truncate or emarginate and incurved,

but is In an obtuse top not rare. young flowers the anthers of

third the row of stamens are as broad as the filaments, after

the the flowering period they give impression of being narrower.

Nectandra dioica Mez to is, according Sandwith, a distinct

species, the principal differences with Nectandra grandis being the indumentum of the branches, in N. dioica tomentose and

not in N. However Surinam appressed as grandis. specimens

of N. show to tomentose. grandis a tendency become The tomentum of the adult leaves shows no difference and the

of N. dioica have no leaves. The of the specimens young top

adult leaves of N. dioica varies between mucronate and cuspidate,

in this there difference with consequently respect is no

N. The flowers it is grandis. of both species are identical; sure that the dioica glands of N. are as a rule somewhat smaller than those of N. small the grandis, but glands occur also in latter The rudiment is stated species. ovary not pilose, as by

Mez, but in both species glabrous. The only difference lies in the of the which is short in N. but length pedicel, very dioica, it has not been proved, that this character is constant.

Karst Nees in Nectandra Laurel Klotsch et ex Linnaea 21

5o5 (1848), p. and N. rigida Nees can easily be distinguished 19

from N. reticulata (R. et P.) Mez by the glabrous inside of the flower tube; in N. reticulata the tube is densely sericeous- hirsute character not Mez in inside, a mentioned by his

As the three are otherwise much monograph. species very alike, it is comprehensible, that Mez mistook several specimens of N. reticulata for specimens of the other two species and vice versa. N. Laurel and N. rigida are closely allied and it is often difficult to decide to which of these two species a specimen

In both species the of the leaf is variable belongs. shape very and the leaves different from the adult young are moreover ones. The following differences could be found: in N. Laurel the leaves are as a rule alternate, but now and then, especially

the of the branches become sub- at top they may opposite or

in N. the leaves this opposite; rigida are usually opposite, but holds true for the the lower often only upper ones, ones being sub-opposite. N. Laurel has elliptical or ovate leaves with obtuse base; the latter showing the typical ,,auricle”, i.e. the

has are reflexed; N. rigida lanceolate leaves with acute

but the older leaves base, of N. rigida are rigidly coriaceous, those of N. Laurel coriaceous with distinctly impressed nerves

on the surafce. In the flowers difference could be upper no found; in both species the size of the flowers and the length

of the The of a difference in pedicels vary strongly. presence the length of the style, as mentioned by Mez, I could not confirm.

Nectandra Kunthiana (Nees) Kosterm. nov. comb.

Mez male of this The female saw a specimen only species.

ones from Surinam show that this species does not belong to

Ocotea but to Nectandra and that it is closely related to Nectandra grandis (Mez) Kosterm.

Nectandra Pisi Surin. Miq., Stirp. (i85o), p. 199.

This identified Mez his species was by in monograph as

N. Guia. I globosa. Aublet, (1776), p. 36q, gave no description 20

of his Laurus but referred to Gen. globosa, Plunder, 4. According

to Urban Beih. V, Plunder's (Fedde, Repert., 1920, p. 49), plant, figured in Descr. Amer. ed. Burm. pi. (1776), p. 5o, t. identical with Nectandra 60, is antillana Aleissn., a species

closely related to N. Pisi, but known from the West Indian islands only, not from Surinam. The name: Nectandra globosa

(Aubl.) Mez must be reserved therefore for N. antillana Meissn.

Laurus Diet. based globosa Lamarck, Ill, p. 461, on a specimen

collected Martin in S. be identical with by Domingo, may this Ocotea lineata Nov. Gen. II i3i species. H.B.K., (1817), p. is treated Mez identical N. Pisi. I could by as witn not study

the type specimen; the description however does not correspond

with tnat of N. Pisi.

The conclusion is that the Surinam species should bear the

name: N. Pisi Miq. But there remains another unsolved

N. Rol. in difficulty: sanguinea ex Rottb. Act. Hafn. (1778),

is based of collected p. 279, on a specimen Rolander, in

Surinam. The type specimen could not be found in the Copen-

and Mez did it. The hagen Herb., apparently not see locality

makes that Rolander’s be either it possible plant may identical,

N. Pisi N. with Miq. or with guianensis Meissn. If the first

should to be true the N. Rol. supposition prove name sanguinea

the N. should supplant name Pisi. The species, interpreted by Mez as N. sanguinea, has not been found in Guiana.

In Surin. of Stirp. (i85o) Miquel gave a description

N. leucantha Nees based, as he remarks, on the description given by Nees, but he recognised already that there were

differences between the various specimens described under this name by Nees himself. However he did not draw the

conclusion that it desirable the was to split species up, though he mentioned N. Rodiaei Schomb. as a possible constituent, but not as a distinct species. According to Miquel the specimens

235 N. Pisi Hostmann n. and Kegel n. ig3 (both Miq.) connect

of N. Rodiaei with N. Leucantha. Miquel gave a good drawing 21

the specimen Hostmann n. 2 35 and he stated also that there exsists a difference between this specimen and the specimen

Schomburgk n. (N. of the latter he 29 ambigua Meissn.); gave short differential a diagnosis.

The in specimen; Kappler n. 1827 the Leiden Herb, has much longer, lanceolate leaves with acute base, of the same shape therefore as those of N. ambigua. The leaves however

in N. are alternate and not opposite as ambigua. The type

of N. i3o5 specimen Pisi: Focke n. bears abnormal, gall-like berries; the cupule is badly developed, flattish, irregular instead of hemispheric.

Meissn. in Nectandra ambigua D.C., Prodr. XV, 1 (1864), 168. p.

The n. in the Leiden Dahlem specimens: Schomburgk 29 en

Herb, with the agree description given by Mez. Schomburgk

in the Brussels n. 29 Herb, is different and belongs to N. Pisi.

Nectandra cuspidata Nees, Syst. (i836), p. 33o.

The type specimen of N. Pichurim (H.B.K.) Mez in the

in Kunth Herb, Dahlem is identical with N. amazonum Nees.

The leaves sericeous while those possess a tomentum beneath, of N. The and cuspidata are puberulous. many primary nerves the hemispheric cupule exclude the possibility that Ocotea

Pichurim H.B.K. should be identical with N. cuspidata Nees.

N. amazonum Nees is Ocotea Pichurim = only a synonym of

Nectandra Pichurim Mez The (H.B.K.) (excl. descript.). young

leaves of N. Pichurim and the adult are different. ones very

A beautiful Krukoff and also the specimen: n. 2077 type

of N. of Martius show the specimen amazonum young, narrowly lanceolate cuspidate leaves, densely sericeous beneath and

whereas puberulous above, the adult leaves are ovate or

and N. ovate-lanceolate, shining, glabrous on both sides. urophylla

Meissn. does not show the slightest difference from this species and therefore be considered The must as a synonym. type 22

has the lanceolate leaves but it shows specimen young only, the same kind of panicle as N. Pichurim.

The leaves and cupules of N. pallida Nees of which I could

two are in identical with study fruiting specimens my opinion those of N. urophylla, except that in N. pallida the older,

coriaceous leaves remain sericeous beneath and have the same

the leaves of N. Pichurim have. The shape as young usually

type specimen of N. Pichurim however has the same kind of

leaves. It is questionable whether N. ambigua Meissn. should

be considered as a distinct species or merely as a variety of

N. Pichurim. The base of the adult leaves is different, usually

leaves with rounded bases acute, but there occur also resembling

those of N. Pichurim. The cupule and flowers of both species

the tomentum the The leaves of are, excepted, nearly same.

of N. N. ambigua are usually opposite, those Pichurim alternate

but the latter has sometimes sub-opposite leaves.

Meissn. in Prodr. Nectandra guianensis D.C., XV, x 160. (1864), p.

Mez cites as a N. Neesiana in Linnaea synonym: Miq. 18,

teste Nees. This is based Hostm. et p. 746, species on Kappl.

Ocotea Kosterm. n. 1433, which is Neesiana (Miq.)

The description of Nectandra sanguinea Rol. ex Rottb. shows

as out Nees. The many controversies, already pointed by shape

of the leaf: oblong and the description of the nerves make it

possible that this species is identical with N. guianensis. See

also under N. Pisi Miq.

Nectandra kaburiensis Kosterm. — Nectandra nov. spec.;

surinamensis Mez in II nec Urban, Symb. (1900), p. 262, in alibi; —• Aniba sulcata R. Benoist, nomen, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75 (1928), p. 976.

Arbor ad 3o m alta. Ramuli crassissimi angulati usque

sulcati dense fulvo tomentosi vel sericei. Rami cylindrici leaves

grisei. Gemmae dense sericeae. Folia alterna rigide coriacea 23

late vel oblonga raro elliptica oblongo-lanceolata (9.—)i3—19

F basi ( —21) cm longa, (4 —)5 —6(—8) cm lata acuta vel cuneata

vix acuminata acumine ad margine recurva apice usque 1 cm longo acuto, juniora interdum lanceolata puberula, adulta

mediano supra glabra nitida nervo costis nervisque secundariis

infra hirsuta vel mediano valde impressis sparse puberula nervo

—16 rectis prominente costis utrinque 10 prominentibus adscen-

dentibus margine arcuato-connectis inferioribus exceptis nervis

secundariis subhorizontalibus —5 distantibus parallelibus 4 mm subprominentibus venis fere inconspicuis, petiolis crassis latis

xo—x5 mm Paniculae glabrescentibus supra planis longis. multiflorae axillares in ramulis pyramidales dense fulvo-tomen- tellae ad 18 crassis usque cm longae pedunculis compressis

ad ramulis strictodivaricatis crassis usque 7 cm longis com-

ad floribus pressis usque 7% cm longis cymis pluribus pseudo-

1 1 mm umbellatis. Bracteae lanceolatae acutae — 14 longae

extus tomentellae intus glabrae deciduae. Pedicelli graciles tomentelli Flores vel flavescentes 2% mm longi. fragrantes albi rotati 5 —6 mm diametro tubo 14 mm longo apice paullo con- stricto extus tomentello vel subglabro intus glabro. Perianthii

ovatis extus segmentis vel oblongis 1 % —214 mm longis glabres-

centibus intus dense lanuginoso-papillosis. Stamina seriei ex- terioris 1 mm longa filamentis brevibus latis tomentellis antheris transverse ellipticis vel suborbicularibus truncatis incurvis

extus interdum subemarginatis 14 mm longis dense papillosis loculis serie paullo curvata dispositis magnis introrsis exterioribus

saepe sublateralibus, stamina seriei tertiae paullo longiora

antheris cuneatis apice truncatis gradatim in filamenta lata

brevia transeuntibus intus canaliculatis loculis inferioribus

extrorsis superioribus lateralibus glandulis basalibus maximis

depressis globoso-polygonis magis minus filamenta amplectentibus.

Staminodia seriei quartae 14 mm longa subclavata pilosa vel

diametro glabra. Ovarium glabrum globosum 1 mm stylo brevi

vix discoideo Bacca vel 14 mm longo stigmate parvo. globosa

3 23 2 4

12 mm diametro sublibera. 6 mm diametro Cupula plana parva

obconico 12 mm pedicello crasso longo apice 5 mm diametro insidens.

arbor Surinamo, Kaboeri, n. 649 (B.W. n. 4888, ster. fl. m. Oct.; n. 6901, m. July, typus in Herb. Utrecht).

Mez reckoned (Urb. Symb. 1. c.) material of this species

it from Trinidad to N. surinamensis, but can easily be distinguished from the latter species by the broadly elliptic, rigidly coriaceous leaves with their thick, broad petioles.

Aniba R. Benoist sulcata was published as a nomen nudum;

in there can be no doubt that the type specimen the Paris

Herb, is identical with N. kaburiensis.

N. kaburiensis is closely related to N. myriantha Mez, from

which differs the and the it in distinctly impressed nerves secondary nerves which are prominulous on the lower side.

A specimen from Peru (Weberbauer n. 6027) determined by

Mez N. is in N. the as c issiflora Nees, my opinion myriantha ; however are tomentose.

N. Kuntzeana Mez in O. Ktze. Rev. II, 2 (1898), p. 277 is identical with N. myriantha. Not the least difference could be discovered in leaves and flowers.

Aniba Kosterm. — Aniba salici- Koumaroucapa nov. spec.; folia (Nees) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V (1889), cit. Melinonis in Herb. p. 71, p. p., quoad spec. Paris; — 1

Laurus koumaroucapa L. C. Richard, mscr. in Herb. Paris.

Arbor. Ramulis rectis gracilibus cylindricis subnitidis glabris rubro-brunneis vel cinereis plerumque lenticellis pluribus magnis internodiis ad ramis cinereis sub- usque 10 cm longis gemmis

Folia glabris. sub-verticillata obovato-lanceolata, (6—)io—14

basi subcordata vel ( —20) cm longa, (2 —)3%—5 cm lata, rotundata acuminata obtusa apice breviter vel acuta saepe

vix recurvulo satis mediano margine supra glabra opaca nervo et costis prominulis vel planis venis inconspicuis areolatis FIG. 1. Aniba Koumaroucapa Kosterm. 26

infra rubro-brunnea mediano subimpressis opaca glabra nervo

costis subprominente utrinque 7—10 prominulis subcurvatis margine evanescentibus venis inconspicuis. Petioli breves crassi

ad 6 Paniculae glabri usque mm longi. pseudo-terminales glabrae

ad cm vix ramosae ramulis inferioribus usque 4 longae usque ad 1 cm longis pedunculo brevissimo cylindrico gracile glabro.

PedicelH florum defloratum tenues ad glabri cylindrici usque

Flores deflorati tubo 4 mm longi. subglabri 1 mm longi ellip-

constrict© soideo 2 mm longo glabro apice perianthii segmentis

mm exterioribus ovatis obtusis 1 longis aequalibus anguste interioribus orbiculato-ovatis duplo latioribus margine fimbriato incluso. Stamina inclusa exteriora antheris triangularibus obtusis glabris connective cellulas brevissime superante filamentis antheris subaequilatis dense lanuginosis seriei interioris antheris ovatis obtusis glabris minoribus filamentis lanuginosis apice excepto

antherae basalibus sessilibus quam angustioribus glandulis minutis. Ovarium ellipsoideum glabrum in stylum inclusum conicum stigmate majusculo sublaterale attenuatum. Bacca

laevis lutea 3 ellipsoidea apice depressa mucronulata cm longa

diametro 1 14 cm cupula subhemisphaerica ferrugineoverrucosa subtenue 14 cm diametro 1 cm alta in pedicellum crassum conicum sensim transeunte.

Guiana gallica ad amnem Kourou, leg. L. C. Rich. s. n.

in (typus in Herb. Paris); Melinon s. n. Herb. Paris; collect, ign. in Herb. Paris.

Nomen vernac. caribaeum: Ayououy.

Anibae hracteatae (Nees) Mez forma foliorum proxima petiolis

autem tenuioribus foliorum lamina subtus rubescente baud reticulata diversa est.

natives According to Richard the make use of the berries

for fishing.

Aniba Muca (Ruiz et Pavon) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V

(1889), p. 57.

The et Pavon Andinum nemoribus type specimen: Ruiz s. n. (in 27

ad in the Dahlem is Pozuzo, Cuchero) Herb, a fruiting one.

The of the leaves induced shape Mez to place it in the same

A. Mez. Weberbauer collected group as firmula (Nees et Mart.)

a La Mezzed in flowering specimen (n. 1919* Chamayo

of which the leaves well vale, Dep. Junin) agree very with those of Ruiz’ The however specimen. flowers are quite different from the A. firmula type. Here follows the description:

Narrow, small panicles, densely rusty-tomentellous, few- flowered, clustered the of the up to 4 cm long, at top branchlets;

to branchlets peduncle compressed, up 2% cm long, up to

1 cm Flower tube long. nearly cylindrical, 1 mm long, con- stricted at the top, tomentulous inside. Perianth segments ovate- triangular, slightly acute or obtuse, concave, tomentulous, inner row broader, orbicular-ovate, obtuse, V2 mm long. Outer

6 stamens % mm long, filaments hirsute, broader than the anthers; anthers transversally oblong, 3 X broader than long.

Inner stamens % mm long, filaments narrower than those of

outer the ones, slightly narrower than the anthers, canaliculate,

twice glabrous inside, as long as the glabrous, small, depressed-

oblong anthers, densely pilose outside; connectives not protruding beyond the cells; glands large, touching each other. Ovary

into ellipsoid, nearly glabrous, 1 mm long, merging the slender,

minute. conical, glabrous, 1 mm long style, stigma This species

differs from A. firmula in its minute flowers with their cylindrical

tube, in the indumentum of the filaments and in its nearly

glabrous ovary.

Aniba Burchcllii Kosterm. nov. — Aniba spec.; firmula (Nees et Mart.) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V (1889),

cit. Burchell n. p. 58, p. p., quoad spec. 9620.

Arbor. Ramuli angulati, striati, dense ferrugineo-puberuli; ramuli cylindrici laeves cinerei. Folia alterna chartacea oblonga

vel l i3— — f elliptica, iy( 20) cm longa, 4—-5%( —’6%) cm a a 28

basi breviter acuta acuminata recurvulo apice margine supra viridia nitida laevia nervo mediano costis et venis reticulatis plerumque planis, subtus glabra nervo mediano puberulo flavida sub costis lente papillosa nervo mediano prominente prominentibus

arcuatis connectis utrinque 10—14 patentioribus margine baud

dense reticulatis. Petioli crassi venis prominulis striati 1—1 % cm longi ferrugineo-puberuli. Paniculae axillares et pseudo-terminales

laxae dense ad pyramidales ferrugineo-puberulae usque 14 cm

striato ramulis longae, pedunculo compresso breve, paucioribus

ad 5 Flores 2 % mm patentibus usque cm longis. longi puberuli

mm tubo breve mm pedicellis crassis 1 longis subcylindrico 1 longo apice paullo constricto perianthii segmentis aequalibus concavis obovatis apice subtriangularibus margine pilosis extus puberulis 1 mm longis interioribus angustioribus ovato-oblongis

exteriora subacutis puberulis. Stamina sex 1 mm longa filamentis

incurvatis dense gracilioribus % mm longis hirsuto-lanuginosis antheris parvis subglabris cellulis parvis introrso-apicalibus connectivis cellulas distincte superantibus. Stamina interiora paullo breviora antheris minoribus filamentis latioribus dense

cellulas haud lanuginosis cellulis extrorsis connectivis super- antibus glandulis basalibus magnis filamentis sub-aequantibus globosis sessilibus. Ovarium ellipsoideum puberulum glabrescens

in vix 1 mm longum stylum gracilem 1 mm longum puberulum stigmate minimo transeuns.

herb. Brasilia, Para (Burchell n. 9620, typus in Leiden); in planitie alta inter Hum. Livramcnto et ium. Ipixuna (Krukoff

n. 7060, fl. m. Nov.).

Anibae firmulae (Nees) Mez affinis sed staminum 6 exteriorum forma differt.

Aniba firmula (Nees et Mart.) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V 58. (1889), p.

The differences between A. Panurensis Mez, A. firmula and A.

Mez Mez in his the laevigata given by Monograph are following: 29

A. Panurensis A. firmula A. laevigata

Petioles to i5 to to up mm Up 8 mm long; Up 10 mm long; long; leaves subcoriaceous; chartaceous-coriaceous; chartaceous;

obovate- elliptical- or broadly elliptical- or elliptical- or oblong- sublanceolate-oblong; lanceolate; lanceolate; top acuminate; top shortly acuminate; top very shortly and obtusely acuminate;

— 16 i3 — —18 cm long; 4 5% —17 cm long; 3% 6 10—18 cm long;

cm wide; cm wide; 2,8 —4% cm wide; beneath distinctly pro- minutely,obscurely reti- nearly smooth;

minent-reticulate ; culate ;

mm long mm mm pedicels 3 —8 2—4 long 1—2 long —3 Flowers 2 mm long; mm long; 1 mm long; glands very large. small. very large, Ovary densely strigose; sparingly strigose- densely strigose ; pilose; style rather thick slender conical

These characters are hardly sufficient to distinguish the

3 Panurensis I 26o3 species. Of A. could study; Spruce n. (type),

Glaziou Glaziou n. 7809; of A. firmula: Sellow n. 36g (type),

Moura of Glaziou n. 17193, n. 1001; A. laevigata: n. 8104,

Pohl s. Schwacke The the n., n. 6608, III 434. length of

of A. is of petioles firmula (Sellow n. 369) up to 12 mm,

A. n. i5 Not the least laevigata (Glaziou 8104) up to mm. difference could be found in the thickness of the leaves. The

is that this shape and the length of the leaves so variable

all. character has no value at The specimen Sellow 369 shows in contradiction with Mez’ statement the reticulation of the lower leaf surface better than the type specimen of A. Panurensis.

The length of the pedicel depends on the stage of development of the flower: in the same specimen lengths varying between

and mm be found. The holds true for the 1 7 may same length

and of the flower. Flowers with small with large glands occur in Surinam specimens on the same tree. The ovaries are densely tomentellous in youth, but in the end they become glabrous.

A. Gardneri Mez also this is a synonym only of species, though

the distinct reticulation of the lower leaf surface seems a

but it in rather characteristic feature, also occurs A. firmula 30

(Glaziou n. 1793). I have studied the specimens Glaziou

Schwacke Gardner 5i56 n. 12118, n. 6664, n. (type), Mexia

Raimond n. 5i63, Jelski n. 2o3, 192; n. 3764, 4o55. According to Mez the difference lies in the length of the leaves, the latter being shorter and more distinctly elliptic than those of A. firmula; however the 2o3 shows short leaves specimen Jelski n. among also some 18 and 6 wide. Another reaching up to cm long cm difference should He in the broader filaments, but I could not

confirm as broad filaments there this, among very are also

in narrow ones, even the same flower. A. fragrans Ducke

(specimens studied: Ducke n. 18349 and 19978) differs from

A. firmula in the denser tomentum of branchlets, lower leaf

and flowers. A A. surface specimen of laevigata (Pohl s. n.) has the same tomentum, whereas the specimen Glaziou n. 12118

and (A. Gardneri) is intermediate between the more glabrous the tomentose type. The type specimen of A. firmula (Sellow n. 369) too has a denser tomentum. The shape of the leaves and of the flowers is the same as in A. firmula.

Aniba Canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V

53. (1889), p.

The stamens of the third row are fertile and not sterile as stated The of the flower by Mez. shape changes very markedly

when the fruit begins to develop: the tube becomes constricted

at the top, the ovary, at first ellipsoid, pilose and gradually

merging into the style becomes globose-ellipsoid, glabrous and

distinct from the style. A. elliptica A. C. Smith differs only in the shape of the leaves, the latter are more distinctly elliptical.

Aniba Kosterm. mas nov. spec.

Arbor. Ramuli paulo angulati ferrugineo-tomentelli. Rami

cylindrici brunnei glabri. Gemmae ferrugineo-tomentosae. Folia

alterna tenuiter chartacea obovato-elliptica vel elliptica,

—8 basi (11 —)i4—i8(—22) cm longa, (4 —)5—6( y2 ) cm lata, lato obtuso cuneata vel acuta apice acuminata acumine usque 31

ad subnitida mediano sub- i % cm longo supra glabra nervo prominulo vel piano costis vix prominulis venis obliteratis, subtus flavido-viridia mediano valde glabrescentia nervo pro- minente tenuiter costis —13 tomentello utrinque 10 prominentibus

curvatis connectis venis patentibus quodam spatio a margine reticulatis prominulis vel indistinctis. Petioli valde canali- supra culati dense ferrugineo-tomentelli glabrescentes, i—1% cm longi. Paniculae permultiflorae, ferrugineo- vel cinereo-tomen- tellae ramulorum ad apice congestae pyramidales usque 9 cm

sulcato ad 3 longae pedunculo subcompresso gracile usque cm

ramulis ad 3 longo patentioribus compressis usque cm longis

ad mm deciduis. bracteis ovatis carinatis usque 3 longis,

Pedicelli 1 —3 mm longi sulcati dense cinereo-tomentelli. Flores

cinereo- — vel ferrugineo-tomentelli, 114 2 mm longi; perianthii

ovatis segmentis vel ovato-orbicularbus, 1 mm longis margine paullo ciliatis apice obtusis. Stamina inclusa, 6 exteriora antheris glabris ovatis vel depresso-ovatis filamentis villosis

tria seriei filamentis dilatatis tria seriei secundae quorum primae filamentis antberis aequilatis praedita sunt. Stamina seriei tertiae antberis aequilatis basi tantum hirsutis. Ovarium ellip- soideum praeter basin tomentellum in stylum conicum praeter apicem tomentellum stigmate minimo transeuns. Fructus ignotus.

arbor Surinamo, Brownsberg, n. 1024 (B.W. n. 633/, fl. in herb. m. Nov., typus Utrecht).

Anibae firmulae (Nees) Mez valde affinis sed foliorum magni-

filamentis diversa. tudee crassitudine et forma angustioribus

Aniba Gonggrijpii Kosterm. nov. spec.

Arbor. Ramuli angulati crassi dense ferrugineo-tomentosi.

Rami cylindrici laeves cinerei. Folia alterna chartaceo-coriacea

elliptica vel magis minus obovato-elliptica, (7 —12(—15) cm longa, 3— 5(—7) cm lata basi breviter acuta apice breviter

recurvulo laevia venis vix acuminata margine supra glabra

conspicuis subtus flavida sub lente papillosa glabra praeter 32

nervum medianum prominentem, costis utrinque 6 —10 prominen-

arcuato-connectis tibus patentioribus superioribus quodam spatio a

margine distantibus venis

vix prominulis dense reti-

culatis. Petioli dense fer-

rugineo-puberuli supra

distincte canaliculati, i —>

i cm Flores Y2 longi. ignoti.

Paniculae fructiferae axil-

lares ad 10 usque cm

longae. Bacca ellipsoideo-

ovoidea flava laevis mu-

FIG. 2. Left: and mature fruit of cronulata ad Young usque 2 cm

Aniba rosacodora Ducke; right: young longa 1 % cm diametro. fruit and cupules of Aniba Gonggrijpii Cupula crassa ferrugineo- Kosterm.

verrucosa maculis albidis irregularibus verrucosis, hemispherica, i5 mm alta, 17 mm diametro margine integro sub-tenuo in pedicellum fructiferum crassissimum obconicum verrucosum sensim transeuns.

Surinamo, fluv. Suriname Wane- sup., Parwa-Kreek, prope Kreek fr. herb. (B.W. n. 369, m. Oct.; typus in Utrecht).

Ambae rosaeodorae Ducke affinis sed folds et cupulis tenuioribus diversa.

Aniba A. C. Smith Krukoff is identical opaca (type: n. 1760) with Mez A. affini s (Meissn.) (type: Spruce n. 3769). Both specimens show a remarkable resemblance to A. Trinitatis M.ez

In (type: Crueger n. 69). the shape and nervature of the leaves

difference could be found. The same be said of the no may

that the is tomentellous in flowers, except ovary densely

A. opaca, tomentellous in A. affinis and nearly glabrous in

A. Trinitatis. This be due however the may to circumstance that the latter older. A. Trinitatis has slender are very panicles, but and its peduncles and branchlets have the same tomentum 33

the same form as those of A. and A. compressed opaca affinis.

As the type specimen of A. Trinitatis gives the impression of

I doubt whether being very poorly developed, these differences are of value. The three be any species may easily recognised from other Aniba the thick and species by very large, truncate anthers of the stamens of the third row, with minute cells and by the strongly protruding connectives in the large anthers of the with outer six stamens their distinct, narrow filaments.

The label of the of type specimen A. affinis (Spruce n. 3769) in the Brussels bears Herb, the name: Goeppertia Sprucei Meissn.; this is the an error: description of Goeppertia Sprucei refers to Spruce n. 2769. It is strange however that Meissner in FI. Bras. V,

182 cites the number of 2, p. Spruce n. 5y6g as p. p.; probably

in a mistake has been made the numbering of Spruce’s specimens.

Aiouca densiflora Nees in Linnaea 21 268and5i3. (1848), p.

The cells of the outer introrse and anthers are not extrorse

Mez This as erroneously states. can best be seen before the cells after dehiscence the thick open: cells give the impression of But being more or less lateral. for the climbing habit,

A. scandens Ducke looks almost exactly like A. densiflora. The

A. scandens petioles of are somewhat longer, the staminodes of the fourth row are longer, but not broader than those of

A. the and densiflora: anthers the staminodes of the third row are of identical form.

Aiouea Aubl., PI. Guia. I guianensis (1776), p. 3n.

The cells of the outer anthers are extrorse and not introrse

Mez This as erroneously states. applies also to the type specimen of Aublet in the Paris Herb.; the description of Aublet is right therefore. for size all But the of its parts A. rubra A. C. Smith

does (Phytologia I, 3, 1935, p. n5) not differ from A. guianensis. The filaments are not glabrous, but sparingly puberulous. As it Is difficult very to distinguish the closely allied Aiouea 34

Schomburgkii Meissn., A. brasiliensis Meissn., A. guianensis Aubl.,

and A. densiflora Nees, I will give here a key.

1. a. Anther cells introrse 2

b. Anther cells extrorse 3

2. a. Staminodes of the row triangular, sessile, not divided at the top. Filaments long. Staminodes of

not the the 3rd row long, but so long as style,

truncate at the A. brasiliensis Meissn. top .... b. the Staminodes of 4th row ovate, sub-stipitate; incised. Filaments of the fertile top stamens very

short. Staminodes of the 3rd row long and as long

as the style; top clavate... A. densiflora Nees. fertile 3. a. Filaments of the stamens short (in youth).

Staminodes of the 3rd row 2 X as long as the

glands, somewhat clavate at the top .1 A. Schomburgkii Meissn. b. Filaments of the fertile stamens long. Staminodes of the 3rd than the row very short, hardly longer glands A. guianensis Nees.

Acrodiclidium Canella (Meissn.) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V (1889), p. 90.

Mez stated erroneously in his monograph that the fertile anthers had extrorse cells; in the abundant material I could

of study the cells however were introrse. The cupules the

from Surinam n. with fruiting specimen (B.W. 4961) agree those Hemsl. of the fruiting specimen of Aniba megacarpa (Bot.

Gard. Herb. Trinid. n. 6786). The cupules of the Surinam specimen are somewhat smaller, probably owing to their youth.

A Brit. fruiting specimen from Guiana (Forest Dep. n. 2299) has Leaves and flowers as large cupules as Hemsley’s specimen. of A. identical with those of A. the megacarpa are Canella, small size of the outer staminodes made it difficult for Hemsley to not. decide whether they were sterile or

— Licaria Acrodiclidium Aublctii Kosterm. nov. spec.; Aubl. Guia. I III, t. guianensis (1778), p. 3i3, 121; 35

Lamarck, Ene. 3 (1789), p. 470; Nees, Syst. (i836), Meissn. in Prodr. p. 344 et 658; D.C., XV, 1 (1864), id. in FI. Bras. 281 in p. 259; V, 2 (1866), p. adn.; II Mez Baillon, Hist. (1870), p. 466; in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V Hallier in Meded. Herb. (1889), p. 220 et 378; Leiden 35 in de Indische Mercuur (1918), p. 20; Gonggrijp Benoist Bull. Soc. Bot. France 23 Apr. 1920; in y5 (1928), Ducke in Arch. Rio de V p. 979; Jard. Janeiro (igSo), 108. p.

Arbor. Ramuli graciles, subcylindrici, dense ferrugineo- tomentelli. Rami glabri cinerei. Petioli graciles ferrugineo-

tomentelli canaliculati 1 Folia glabrescentes supra cm long!. alterna chartacea elliptica vel lanceolata breviter acuta apice caudato-acuminata acumine ad basi 5 usque 1 % cm longo mm lato margine recurvula, (5 —)y—q(—i3) cm longa, (2 —)2% —3

dense areolata infra sericea ( —4) cm lata, juvenilia supra adulta nitida medio canaliculata mediano supra glabra nervo prominulo costis impressis nervis secundariis subimpressis infra brunescentia sericeo-tomentella glabrescentia nervo mediano prominente costis utrinque 3—4 prominentibus arcuatis adscen- dentibus distincte connectis quodam spatio a margine separatis nervis secondariis prominulis laxe reticulatis venis inconspicuis.

Paniculae pyramidales in axillis foliorum vel bractearum usque

8 ad cm longae dense ferrugineo- vel rubro-tomentellae pedunculis

ad 3 ramis gracilibus cylindricis usque cm longis sparsis

ad Pedicelli tomentelli patentibus usque 1 % cm longis. graciles

3 mm longi. Flores 2 mm longi tubo conico apice constricto tomentello !•—114 mm longo perianthii segmentis extus tomentellis intus glabris crassis concavis depresso-obovatis apice acutis.

Staminibus serierum 2 exteriorum sterilibus glabris perianthio brevioribus foliaceis ovatis acutis seriei secundae basi paulo constrictis perianthio brevioribus seriei tertiae fertilibus vix

y mm antheris obtusis cellulis terminalibus filamentis 2 longis pilosis antheras sub-aequantibus et iis subaequilatis glandulis basalibus parvis foliaceis seriei quartae nullis. Ovarium pilosum 36

vix Y mm in dimidio ellipsoideum 2 longum stylum angustum

breviorem attenuatum stigmate indistincto. Bacca ellipsoidea

laevis mm mm diametro i5 longa 9 apice depressa tertia partem

a cupula hemisphaerica subcylindrica tenue sparse ferrugineo-

verrucosa margine Integra tecta. Pedicellus fructifer obconicus

apice 2 mm crassus.

Surinamo: arbor Zandery I, n. i56 (B.W. n. 4365, fl. m. in Herb. July, typus Utrecht; n. 162.4, ster m. Dec.); Zandery I

(B.W. n. 6424, £r.; Samuels n. 536, fl. m. July [L.]); Watramiri, arbor i663 fl. fl. n. (B.W. n. 1923 m. Juny; n. 4706, m. July).

Guiana gallica: Aubl. s. n. (in Herb. Juss. Paris).

A Acrodiclidio guianense Nees cui valde affinis foliorum

forma et nervatura floribus minoribus differt.

establish. The identity of Licaria guianensis Aubl. was difficult to

Nees (i836) reckoned it to Dicypellium caryophyllatum Nees,

but mentioned it also under his species incertae sedis (Syst.,

In the latter he that it p. 658). publication suggested might

belong to Mespilodaphne. Meissner (1848) does not accept

L. of and guianensis as a synonym Dicypellium caryophyllatum

puts it under the dubious species. Gonggrijp (De Indische

Mercuur 1. who studied the c.), rose wood species from a technical point of view, comes as a result of an anatomical

investigation to the conclusion that the real rose wood belongs to the Aniba and that which to Aublet genus Licaria, according

also called that is rose wood, is not the real one. It is strange

he that the leaves of Licaria he says are glabrous beneath;

must I have based this opinion on a description because do

not believe that he saw the type specimen of Aublet. Mez in

his monograph concludes, after studying the Aublet specimen

in Paris, that Licaria is identical with Ocotea caudata. Hallier

in Meded. Herb. Leiden reviews all the Rijks 3i, 1918, p. 20 different opinions with regard to the identity of Licaria guianensis. R. Benoist (Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1. c.) states rightly that the tomentum of Aublet’s specimen differs from that of Ocotea caudata and remarks that Licaria belongs to a 3 7

hitherto undescribed species. The abundant Surinam material of A. Aubletii of which the leaves look exactly like those of

Aublet’s in the Herb, in Paris that type Jussieu proves it is this Acrodiclidium species which is identical with Licaria guianensis.

the the leaves In comparing drawing of one may see that there exists a certain resemblance between the Licaria leaves

Aubl. Fig. 3. a. Leaf of Licaria guianensis (type

specimen); b. leaf of Ocotea caudata Mez; c., and

d. respect, older and young leaf of Acrodiclidium

Aubletii Kosterm. The lower surface of

the leaves is drawn.

and those of Ocotea caudata: the base of the leaves however is different. The leaves of Licaria and of A. Aubletii are sparingly puberulous beneath, while those of Ocotea caudata are glabrous.

As the used i5o genus name Licaria has not been for years and the renaming of the about 3o species of Acrodiclidium would cause much confusion, I that the Licaria Aublet, propose name as this is based sterile material should genus moreover on only, be be retained. rejected and the name Acrodiclidium Nees should 38

Kosterm. Acrodiclidium — Acrodiclidium rigidum nov. spec.; in guianense Auct., non Nees, Mez Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V

cit. Melinonis n. 601 in (1889), p. 97, p. p., quoad spec. Herb. Paris.

60 diametro Ramuli Arbor, cm (teste Gonggrijp). graciles

subangulares dense cinereo- vel ferrugineo-tomentelli. Rami

cylindrici glabri cinerei. Gemmae dense cinereo-sericeae. Petioli

tenuiter canaliculata tenues pubescentes glabrescentes supra

6( —11) mm longi. Folia opposita coriacea lanceolata basi breviter acuta apice acuminata vel acuta margine recurvula

lata (S'—)6 —8( —11) cm longa, 1%—a('—2%) cm supra glabra

nitida medio canaliculata nervo mediano filiforme subprominulo

costis vix distinctis vel infra brunnea tenuiter impressis sparse

costis pubescentia (in nervo mediano prominente densius)

5 satis arcuato- connectis utrinque —10 prominulis patentibus

venis vix distinctis. Flores quodam spatio a margine separatis

ignoti. Inflorescentiae axillares oppositae. Fructus ignotae.

maxima crassissima ad 28 mm alta 35 mm Cupula usque

diametro hemisphaerica maculis magnis ferrugineis margine

triplice intimo tenue 1—2 mm alto erecto extimo 8 mm crasso

magis minus patente lobis magnis irregularibus biseriatis verosi-

militer valde auctis ortis. e perianthii segmentis

Surinamo, Sectie O, arbor n. 862 (B.W. n. 4682, fr. m. in Herb. ster. Maio, typus Utrecht; n. 4269, m. Febr.; n. 4249, Guiana Melinon Herb. ster. m. Febr.). gallica: n. 601 in Paris.

Foliis oppositis ad Acrodiclidium Meissneri Mez et A. debile

Mez accedens sed ab utraque specie foliorum forma et crassi-

tudine diversa. Habitu A. sericei Griseb. quae species cupula

differt. simplicimarginata et foliis sparsis a nostra

Mezilaurus O. Ktze. ex Taubert.

fl. The name Silvia was first published by Vellozo, FI, (1826),

The S. curialis Veil, is p. 55, t. 149 (1827). only species

Pav. universally reduced to a species of Escobedia Ruiz et

in (Scrophulariaceae ). Silvia Benth. D.C., Prodr. XV, 1 (1846), Fig. Kosterm. 4. Acrodiclidium rigidum

II 4 40

5i3 Pennell his p. was changed by (1928) in revision of the

Scrophulariaceae to Silviella Pennell. As Miss Green points out it is therefore not advisable to put forward Silvia Benth. for conservation (Kew Bulletin Silvia Fr. ig55, p. 492). Allem. in Diss. Rio de Janeiro (1848) (See Bot. Ztg. XII,

Mez in his 1864, p. was accepted by monograph (1889) and he described under this 6 species name. O. Kuntze in Rev.

Gen. I the Silvia a later (1891), p. 5/3 rejected name as homonym and changed it to Mezia O. Ktze. Pax (Engl.-Prantl.,

Nachtr. II—IV, out, that a of 1897, p. 174) pointed genus the Malpighiaceae had already been named Mezia by Schwacke and he therefore changed the name Mezia to Neosilvia. Mean- while however Mez had already changed his Mezia into

Mezilaurus in Bot. Cntrlbltt. 5o, In (Taubert 1892, p. 21).

Arb. Bot. Gart. Breslau I Mez an (1892), p. 112 gave enumeration of the which he transferred this species, to genus,

of Mezilaurus He adding the description a new species. renounced his authorship of the new combinations of Mezilaurus in favour of Taubert. For the same reason as in the case of Silviella

it is Pennell not advisable to keep Silvia Allem. as a nomen conservandum. Neither Sampaio (Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de

Sandwith Bull. Janeiro IV, 1928, p. 39), nor (Kew ig55,

Ducke Woods to p. 338), nor (Trop. 42, 1935, p. 18) seem have known Mez’ publication in Arb. Bot. Gart. Breslau.

and The 2 new species described by Ducke: Silvia subcordata

S. decurrens should be changed into: Mezilaurus subcordata

Kosterm. (Ducke) nov. comb., and Mezilaurus decurrcns

Mez into (Ducke) Kosterm. nov. comb.; and Silvia synandra

Kosterm. Mezilaurus synandra (Mez) nov. comb.

Arb. Mezilaurus Itauba (Meissn.) Taubert ex Mez in Bot. Gart. Breslau I (1892), p. 12.

I with Ducke Woods 18), fully agree (Tropic. 42, ig55, p. that Silvia be treated distinct polyantha Mez can not as a 4 1

species; the only difference lies in the larger inflorescences and pedicels, I had no opportunity to study the type specimen of Silvia Rondonii Mez, but according to Ducke this species too is identical with Mezilaurus Itauba.

the dehiscence of the anther cells in the Concerning genus

Mezilaurus I should like to add the following remarks: The normal Lauraceous type of dehiscence, viz. from base to top is found in M. oppositifolia (Nees) Taubert and M. Sprucei

Taubert. cells (Meissn.) However the are in these species not but oblong, more ovate, moreover they are not parallel, but the cells but less convergent: are not vertical, more or horizontal. In M. crassiramea (Meissn.) Taubert and M. synandra

Kosterm. the minute and (Mez) cells are nearly orbicular: the valves dehiscing horizontally in the direction of the centre; if consider the we might cells as horizontal, there would be

no difference with the normal type of dehiscence. In M. Itauba

the dehiscence in the and and begins upper outer corners

proceeds from there towards a point somewhat below the

base. centre, which gives the impression of a dehiscence from top to

Silvia Duckei A. Sampaio (Misanteca Duckei A. Sampaio

in Comm. Linh. Telegr. Matto Grosso Amaz. 56, Ann. 5,

which I could the Ducke 1917, p. i5) of study specimens

n. 17596 and Ule n. 7878 does not differ from Mezilaurus

Mez Lindaviana Schwacke et of which I have seen the type

in specimen (Schwacke n. 19798) the Dahlem Herb. Apparently

Ducke did not know the description of this Brazilian species

in Bot. Gart. Breslau I There is (1892), p. 112. some discrepancy

in the with the indumentum of the description regard to ovary.

According to Mez the latter is glabrous: the type specimen

has buds and the however very young only consequently

of the could not be pubescence ovary safely judged.

Endlicheria Nees has been published in Linnaea 8 (i833),

with E. hirsuta Nees and E. sericea Nees. p. 5y 2 species 42

Nees himself altered this name into Goeppertia (Syst. i836,

when he discovered the of Presl p. 365), publication in Symb.

Bot. I where the latter described Rubiaceous (i832), p. 73, a

Endlichera Presl. The however had genus name Goeppertia already

been as a the Scitamineae published genus (genus spurium) of

Nees in Linnaea 6 also by (i83i), p. 55y (see Nees, Syst.,

365 in In: Introd. Nat. 2nd ed. p. adn.). Lindley, Syst.,

202 in Nees if Endlichera Presl. (i836), p. adn., suggested that,

(Rubiac.) was to be retained, the name of the Lauraceous

should be altered into: Schauera Nees. that genus Supposing

be this conditionally given name should valid, Schauera Nees

should be for the Lauraceous The kept genus. consequence

will be, that the name Schaueria Nees (Acanthaceae) in Linnaea i3

Lit. be (1839), Ber., p. 119, must rejected.

Endlichera Presl has an older Emeorhiza (Rubiac.) synonym:

in 8 in Pohl Flora (i835), though a nomen nudum (Mez his

monograph erreonously quotes the name Endlichera Presl as a nomen nudum). Endlichera Presl (Rubiac.) has one species

is and only, whereas Endlicheria Nees (Laurac.) a large genus

3o it includes already about species. Therefore seems advisable to keep the name Endlicheria Nees (Laurac.) with E. hirsuta

Nees as type specimen and to reject: Schauera Nees (Laurac.); consequently Emeorhiza Pohl (Rubiac.) should be kept (type specimen: E. brasiliensis (Presl) Walp.) and Endlichera Presl

forward (Rubiac.) rejected. A motion in this sense has been put

the Vlth Bot. at Congress (Prelim, opinions etc., p. 25).

Endlicheria pyriformis (Nees) Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V 116. (1889), p.

The Triana from Colombia differs in its specimen: n. 1069 cupule and in the nervation of the leaves from E. pyriformis

and does not belong to this species.

Endlicheria multiflora (Miq). Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V i3o. (1889), p. 3 4

is The type specimen (Hostmann n. n63) a male one. The female plant is rather different from the male one in the form

latter less and of its panicles. The are more or spicate rather short. The type specimen of Endlicheria villosa Mez should be in the Gottingen Herbarium, but I could not find it there;

a few leaves and flowers however were available from the

Mez Herb, in Dahlem. This specimen shows that the only difference lies in the narrowly lanceolate leaves, but a Surinam

of E. and from specimen multiflora (Voltz s. n.) specimens

French Guiana have the same narrow leaves. The locality of

villosa is E. doubtful. The species has hitherto never again

in been found Jamaica, the locality indicated on the label;

I that the Guiana but the suppose specimen was a one, as collector of this March has collected the specimen: never on continent, it must erroneously have been inserted by Grisebach

of March. among specimens

Endlicheria cndlicheriopsis (Mez) Kosterm. nov. comb.;

— Ocotea endlicheriopsis Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. V

Benoist in Arch. Bot. V (1889), p. 3oo; (igSi), p. y5.

6o5 in Paris The female type specimen: Melinon n. the

Herb, is rather defective and consists of a few flowers and

some leaves only. The abundant material of male specimens

is does not leave the slightest doubt that Melinon’s plant an

Endlicheria. The rudimentary, sterile state of the anthers in

the female flowers made it difficult for Mez to decide to which

it be reckoned. genus ought to

Cassytha filiformis L. (non Thunberg), Spec. pi. I (1/53),

— Volutella FI. Arab. p. 35; aphylla Forsk., Aeg. (1776), Gaertn. I p. 84; —■ Cassytha zeylanica Fruct. (1788), in I p. 184; — Calodium cochinchinense Lour, FI. Cochinch.

— Nomencl. (1790), p. 247; Cassytha aphylla Raeusch.,

ed. 3 —- R. Prodr. (1797), p. 116; Cassytha paniculata Br.,

— Schum. Thonn., (1810), p. 404; Cassytha guineensis et

Beskr. Gui. PI. — americana (1827), n. I, p. 219; Cassytha 44

•— brasiliensis Mart, Nees, Syst. (i836), p. 644; Cassytha

ex Nees, 1. Syst. c., p. 648; •—• Spironema aphylla Raf., FI. IV Tell. — (i836), p. 92; Cassytha remotiflora F. Muell.

in D.C., i Meissn. Prodr. — ex XV, (1864), p. 266; Cassytha capillaris F. Vill. (non Meissn.), Nov. App. (1880), 182 Enum. p. ex Merr., 2 (1923), p. 204; —• Cassytha timoriensis in Bull. Bot. Gandoger Soc. France 40 (1913),

p. 419.

in 26 Cassytha pondoensis Engl, Engl. Jahrb. (1899), p. 392 is identical with C. rubiginosa E. Mey. in Drege, Zwei Pfl.

and with C. E. Doc., p. 171 pubescens Mey. (non R. Br., non

Schlechtend). This species differs only from C. filiformis by the rusty tomentum of the peduncles, the outer perianth segments

the the inner I and base of ones; consider it therefore as a

of C. variety only filiformis: var. pondoensis (Engl.) Kosterm.

comb. Meissn. in D.C. 1. 262 nov. Cassytha capillari s c., p. differs from C. its thin and filiformis by very stems capittate flowers. A specimen of C. filiformis from Flores shows the

but of same slender stems, the spikes are the same as those

also after all to be C. filiformis. Cassytha capillaris may prove a mere variety. Cassytha paniculala R. Br. 1. c. differs from

but C. filiformis by the clustered spikes, these occur now and then also in C. filiformis; Bentham in FI. Austr. V (1870),

3i 1 out that the two p. already pointed species are probably identical.

HERNANDIACEAE.

wonotoboensis Kosterm. Sparattanthelium nov. spec.

Liana. Ramuli crassi striati Rami cylindrici sparse puberuli. glabri laeves striati. Folia alterna subtriplinervia chartacea

lata basi ovata, (4 —)5 —6(—8) cm longa, (2 —)s*4'—'3(- —4) cm

subcordata breviter vel rotunda margine recurvulo apice acu-

minata nervis secundariis tomentellis supra glabra primariis et

subtus tomentosis mediano sub- planiusculis sparse nervo prominente nervis primariis binis lateralibus ad dimidium vel 45

folii adscendentibus costis 3' duas partes utrinque —4 sub- prominentibus superioribus arcuato-connectis nervis secundariis

laxe reticulatis. Petioli prominulis graciles glabrescentes usque

x ad i cm Paniculae densae /2 longi. permultiflorae corymbiformes axillares ad usque 10 cm longae pedunculo cylindrico usque ad ramulis ad cinereo-tomentosis. 4 cm longo usque 4 cm longis

Pedicelli cinereo-tomentosi ad Flores graciles usque 1 cm longi.

x rubescentes tubo 1 mm 4 mm longi cylindrico-ovoideo puberulo / 2 longo perianthii segmentis 4 oblongo-linearibus obtusis extus tomentellis intus Stamina filamentis mm glabris. 4 y 2 longis glabris filiformibus contortis antheris oblongo-linearibus 1 mm longis glabris connectivis cellulas paullo superantibus. Stylus crassiusculus puberulus stigmate capitellato. Paniculae fructiferae divaricato-dichotomae albae ramulis gracilibus nodis incrassatis.

Pedicellus fructiferus ad 6 Fructus usque cm longus gracilis.

acutus 16 mm mm diametro ovoideo-ellipsoideus longus 7 dehiscens.

fluv. in saxis Wonotobo Surinamo, Corantijne prope catar. in herb. (B.W. n. 3iao, fl., fr., m. Oct.; typus Utrecht).

S. Botocudorum Mart, valde affinis sed foliorum forma tomento nervatura et pedicellis fructiferis longis gracilibus diversa.

Hernandia sonora L.

I will here of the literature: give a survey

Hernandia II — sonora L., Spec. pi. (1763), p. 981; Hort. Cliff. t. 33; Hernandia, foliis peltatis (1737), p. 486, Plum. 6 — Hernandia amplo hederae folio umbilicato Gen.

— Nux vesicaria umbilicatis (1737), p. 374, t. 40; oleosa, foliis insula barbadensi Pluk. t. 208 ex Almag. (1696), p. 266, Beaumont. f. 1; — Nux zeylanica umhilicatis foliis Kigg., Hort. 3i Thes. Linn. (1690), p. ; Burm., Zeyl. (1737), p. 171;

Fl. ■— Arbuscula exotica umbilicatis zeyl. (1748), p. 199: foliis

Prodr. — Hernandia arborea etc. Breyn. 2 (1689), p. 20?;

etc. — Hernandia foliis cordato-peltatis Browne, Jam. p. 373; Amer. Piet. sonora L., Jacq. Stirp. (1763), p. 246 et (1780), Buchoz Hist. Dec. X p. 120; Regn. Veg. IX, (1776), 6 4

t. Aubl. Guia. II Gaertn. Fruct. I 9; (1776), p. 862; Lam. Diet. 3 excl. (1788), p. 194; (1789), p. 123, syn. Arbor regis Rumph.; Willd., Spec. IV, 1 (1806), p. 327; FI. Pitt, Med. Ant. Descourt., et 2 (1822), p. 143; Blume,

2 Blanco, FI. ed. 1 Bydr. (1826), p. 55i; Filip, (1837), ed. Enum. p. 689; 2 (1846), p. 478; Twaith, Zeyl., p. 258; Hassk., PI. Ic. V Jav. rar. (1848), p. 217; Wight, (1862),

t. i855; FI. Ind. bat. I excl. Arbor Miq., (i855), p. 887, regis

Meissn. Prodr. 1 Rumph.; in D.C., XV, (1864), p. 263; id. in FI. Bras. 3oo; Hist. II V, 2 (1866), p. Baillon, Hernandia Stickman (1870), p. 449, 460; —• ovigera L., in Am. Acad. IV Arbor (1769), p. 126; ovigera Rumph. Amb. Ill t. Lam., Diet. 3 (1743), p. igS, 123; (1789),

1 Enc. p. 123; Willd., Spec. IV, (1806), p. 327; Poir., 3 PI. f. FI. Ind. Suppl. (i8i3), p. 46, t. 755 2; Roxburgh, Ill Ic. (1832), p. 677; Schnizlein, I (i85o'—1856), t. 109; Meissn. in D.C. 1. id. in FI. Bras. 1. c., p. 262; c., p. 299; Baker, FI. Maurit. Greshoff, Nutt. (1877), p. sg3; pi. Koorders VII (1896), t. 21; en Valet., Booms. (1900), id. Atl. IV Exkurs. FI. p. 110; (1913), t. i85; Koorders, 2

Enum. Phil. 2 (1912), p. 281; Merrill, pi. (1923), p. 206, id. in Phil. Sc. Nutt. I Journ. (1926), p. 370; Heyne, pi. Alston in FI. VI (1927), p. 674; Trim., Ceyl. (igSi), p. 248; Hernandia Aubl. Guia. II III guianensis (1775), p. 849, 1. Enc. 1. t. 329; Willd., Spec. c., p. 328; Poir., Suppl. c., PI. f. Meissn. in D.C. 1. p. 46; IV, t. 755 1; c., p. 262; id. in Fl. Bras. 1. Pulle, Enum. surin. c., p. 299; pi. (1906), Benoist in Arch. Bot. V p. 187; (1931), p. 76; Standley in U. S. A. Herb. 23,2 id. in Field. Mus. X (1922), p. 298;

— Hernandia Meissn. in D.C Prodr. (igSi), p. 202; peltata , 1. For. FI. Br. Burma c., p. 263; Kurz, II, p. 5og; Beddome, Fl. sylv. (1873), t. 3oo; Benth., Fl. Austr. V

Fl. — (1870), p. 314, Seem., Vit. (i865 73), p. 206, t. 62; Fl. Maurit. 1. Intr. Fl. Baker, c., p. 293; Vidal, Filip. (i883), Atl. t. 78 f. G.; Hook., Fl. Brit. Ind. V (1890), Bot. Mitt. HI p. 188; Schimper, (1891), t. 7; Greshoff, t. 1. c., 21; Reinecke in Engl. Jahrb. 25 (1898), p. 366;

Pfl. Ost-Afr. Koorders et Valet. 1. EngJ., C, p. i83; c., id. Exkurs. Fl. 1. id. p. 106; c., p. 281; Atl., t. 184;

v. Houts. Ned. O. Ind. Eeden, (1906), p. 43; Bailey, Compr. Cat. t. in Fl. Queensl. pi. (1909), p. 439, i3; Sprague Trop. 47

Afr. i FI. Indo-Chine IV, (igiS), p. 191; Lecomte, V, f. Hattori in Coll. Sc. 2 (1914), p. 169, 14; Journ. Tokyo As. Soc. 23, X, p. i3; Gamble, Journ. Beng. 76, 1, p. 204; FI. Pen. Ill 1. Ridley, Malay (1924), p. i38; Heyne c.,

— Hernandia Sess£ et Moc., FI. Mex. 2na p. 676; peltata

ed. —- Hernandia subcordata (1894), p. 2i3; • peltata, var. Hochr. in Candollea II — Hernandid (1926), p. 365; II catalpifolia Britton et Harris in Torreya (1911), p. 174;

Fawcett and FI. 1 f. Rendle, Jam. Ill, (1914), p. 221 90.

Asia Linnaeus enumerated under this name specimens from and from America. The type specimen being the American

the H. used for this plant name sonora was exclusively species.

Stichman in Am. Ac. 1. c. described the closely related Asian

Meissner H. H. ovigera, whereas distinguished a peltata. Merrill,

in that Enum. 1. c. discovered studying numerous plants the supposed differences between H. ovigera and H. peltata break

down absolutely.

the H. is H. guianensis, belonging to same group as peltata

fully identical with it: Surinam and Brasilian specimens show

not that peltate and peltate leaves occur on the same plant.

male H. sonora differs according to Meissner by the flowers

base of being 3—4-merous and having one gland only at the

each filament. In studying the abundant material from America

and Asia I came to the conclusion that neither of these

differences holds true. The specimens of Meissner which I

could study had 3-merous male flowers. The number of the

is glands a character of no value. On the same (American)

plant I have found flowers in which the filaments bore 3 glands

and flowers which the filaments basal in one of bore two glands.

In the Asian I have found flowers with specimens up to 9 glands.

The glands are often only partially divided and the conclusion

be drawn that the in the number of the may variability glands

is due to union and to division of the normal 6 ones. The

shape of the flowers and other characters too of the American

plants are the same as those of the Asiatic ones. 48

H. is sonora, as already suggested by Hooker, a pantropical

The has not been found hitherto the West species. species on coast of Africa; the species found there: H. beninensis Welw. however I. allied is, according to Sprague, c., very closely to

H. and identical with this sonora may prove one day species.

Hernandia Kunstleri King ex Heyne, Nuttige Ind. PI. I

no Hernandia. from the vernacular (1927), p. 674 is Judging name the plant might be a Podocarpus. CHAPTER II.

GEOBOTANICAL REMARKS.

MALPIGHIACEAE.

The geographic distribution of the Malpighiaceae shows but few interesting points. By means of their flying apparatus

the they are easily transported by the wind and consequently

Of species cover as a rule very large areas. the 42 species occuring in Surinam one only: Dolichopterys surinamensis Kosterm. is Hiraea endemic; 4 species: affinis Miq., Tetrapteris fimbripetala

Juss., Diplopterys rosea (Miq.) Ndz. and Byrsonima Aerugo Sagot

in occur the Guianas only.

Malpighia coccigera L. is endemic in the Antilles: the Surinam

is most cultivated Outside Surinam specimen probably a one.

Mascagnia multiglandulosa Ndz. has been found hitherto in

but there is that this Paraguay only every reason to suppose

be found in district too. species will one day the Amazonian

The 35 that is 83 extensive remaining species, %, occupy areas, often reaching from Central America to Argentine.

the of this Heteropteris africana Juss. is only species genus

occuring in Western Africa. The explanation given by Niedenzu,

that have either namely its samaras must been transported by

wind after the latters from by or sea to Africa, separation

is it America, though a simple one, not convincing: is, for

curious instance, that a species like Brachypterys ovata (Cav.)

not have wandered Small, a plant living on the coast, should

to Africa in the The that the migration same way. supposition 50

of this species to Africa will have taken place in the Eocene period, when there existed according to Wegener (Die Ent-

der und stehung Kontinente Ozeane) a narrow connection

is between Guiana and Guinea, more satisfactory.

LAURACEAE AND HERNANDIACEAE.

The of the Lauraceae representatives are usually very large trees with minute flowers and they are therefore difficult to collect. As this family therefore is rather badly known and as

will I restrict myself to a small area: Surinam, the following remarks should be The distribution regarded as preliminary. of the with the of a few verified species was, exception ones, by myself.

two not Of the 67 species of these families we need discuss the Persea cultivated ones: americana Mill., Cinnamomum zeyla- nicum Breyn. and Laurus nobilis L. Only the first one is a real

American plant, Cinnamomum has its representatives mostly in it in Asia, though has been recorded as growing wild the

Amazone nobilis its native in Minor area; Laurus has country

Asia and the Mediterranean. Of the remaining species, two

L. are pantropic: Hernandia sonora L. and Cassytha filiformis

It is remarkable that both have been distributed species seem to

viz. Australia and from about the same centre, Polynesia, as both have the number of in those genera greatest representatives

is in regions. Cassytha filiformis Guiana a typical savanna plant,

and and herbs. Hernandia climbing on over minor sonora is a coast plant, though it has often been found farther inland.

Its wide distribution be due the circumstance that the may to seed is protected against the influence of sea-water by several

the will That layers; moreover cupule give it some buoyancy. the wood is used for also be ship-building purposes may one of of wide The the reasons its distribution. remaining 52 species

divided are into 10 genera as follows: 51

Persea 2 Aiouea 2

Ocotea Acrodiclidium 14 7 Nectandra Mezilaurus 9 1

Aniba 1 o Endlicheria 4

Systemonodaphne x Sparattanthelium 2

One that the less in may see genera are all, more or

accordance of their size, well representated in Surinam.

Of the other in South America, it is genera, occurring

of been curious that not a single species Phoebe has found

in its in hitherto Surinam. This genus has largest distribution

Central America; its area extends eastwards over the West

Indian islands far where few have as as Trinidad, a species

been found; southwards it reaches over the Andes region to

Southern Brazil; the Hylaea and the Guianas however are

Persea its limit in avoided. The area of the genus reaches the

the Guianas, the greater part of the species occur in Andes

region, Mexico and the Campos of Southern Brazil; its

is distribution, though somewhat more extensive, consequently

less the that of the related more or same as closely genus

Phoebe. Cryptocarya has been found in French Guiana only

(two species) but in view of the similarity of the flora of this

with it in Dutch country that of Surinam, we may expect

Guiana too. The reaches its limit in British genus Hufelandia

where is its Central Guiana, one species found; area covers

America and the West Indies. The Litsea does genus not

in occur the Guianas; a few species are known from Central

and Southern Brazil, the others occuring chiefly in Mexico ;

the centre of this is found in Asia. The genus tropical

distribution in America is similar to that of Phoebe, though not

so evident.

Of the 62 Surinam species of the Lauraceae and the

Hernandiaceae, 6 are endemic:

Aniba Kappleri Mez Aniba Hostmanniana (Nees) Mez 11 ! i J

Peru. Indian America. & Brazil. SPECIES. Venezuela, Guiana. Guiana, (X denotes, that the species occurs in the region). Islands. Hylaea.|Trinidad. Andes. Paraguay, Argentina. West Southern Central Eastern Colombia, Brit. French Eastern

Persea Benthamiana 1. Meissn X X X

— Ocotea rubra Mez — — 2. X X X X

5. Ocotea Rodiaei — — — (Rob. Schomb.) Mez X X

— — Ocotea barcellensis Mez — .— .— _ __ 4- (Meissn.) X

Ocotea canaliculata — — — 5. (Rich.) Mez X X X X

et 6. Ocotea Benth. Hook. f. — — X X — — X glomerata (Nees) . . X

Ocotea Aubl — — 7- guianensis X X X X — — — —

8. Ocotea Wachenheimii — — — — R. Ben X X

Ocotea — — — — 9- globifera Mez X — — — —

io. Ocotea Mez — — — .— — — — — splendens (Meissn.) X .—

11 . — — Ocotea caudata (Meissn.) Mez X X — X —

Ocotea Neesiana — — — — — — — 12. (Miq.) Kosterm X X X

— 13. Ocotea Nees — __ puberula X X X X X X X

Ocotea et — — — M- Schomburgkiana(Nees) Benth. Hook. f. X

15. Ocotea Petalanthera (Meissn.) Mez — — X

16. Ocotea — — — — — Mez _ oblonga (Meissn.) X X — —

Mez — — — *7- Ocotea punctulata X X — — — — —

— 18. Nectandra — — — — — — — grandis (Mez.) Kosterm X X

— — >9- Nectandra Kunthiana (Nees) Kosterm — X X

20. Nectandra et — X — — Laurel Kl. Karst X — X —

Pisi — — 21. Nectandra Miq — X X X —

Nectandra — —, — 22. — ambigua Meissn X — — — — —

Nees — 23. Nectandra — — — cuspidata X X X X X X

2 Nectandra Meissn — — — 4- guianensis X

— — 25. Nectandra surinamensis Mez — X X — ,— .— — —

26. Nectandra kaburiensis — — — — — — — — — Kosterm X

2 — — — — 7- Aniba rosaeodora Ducke .. . X X — —

28. Aniba firmula et — — — — — (Nees Mart.) Mez X X — — X

— — —. 29. Aniba Canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez X X X — — — —

3o. Aniba Taubertiana — — — — Mez X

— — — — 3i. Aniba riparia (Nees) Mez X X X — — —

32. Aniba — — — Jenmani Mez X

33. — — Systemonodaphne geminiflora Mez — — X

Aiouea densiflora — — — — — 34. Nees X X X X —

— — 35. Aiouea guianensis Aubl X X X X — — — —

36. Acrodiclidium cayennense (Meissn.) Mez X

Acrodiclidium Canella — — — — — — 37- (Meissn.) Mez X X X X

— — — — 38. Acrodiclidium debile Mez X X — — — —

Acrodiclidium Martinianum — — — — — — — — 3g. Mez X X

— — — — — 40. Acrodiclidium guianense Nees X X X — —

Acrodiclidium Aubletii Kosterm — — — — 4i. X

2 4 -

Mezilaurus Itauba Taubert 43. (Meissn.) X X X Endlicheria 44- pyriformis (Nees) Mez

45. Endlicheria sericea Nees X — X X X — X — — —

46. Endlicheria multiflora (Miq.) Mez

Endlicheria Kosterm. 47- endlicheriopsis (Mez) . . .

4». Sparattanthelium Botocudorum Mart — — — X X X — — — — 53

Aniba mas Kosterm.

Aniba Gonggrijpii Kosterm. Persea coriacea Kosterm. Sparattantbelium wonotoboensis Kosterm.

The remarkable that of them the fact, most belong to genus

Aniba, be that this has its may explained by assuming, genus

of distribution it is the centre here; unfortunately one of worst known genera.

The distribution of the other species is given in the table

As Ocotea and page 5a. punctulata Mez Ocotea oblonga (Meissn.)

M.ez in occur both French and in British Guiana, these species

be in Surinam too; for this may expected reason they are inserted in the table.

The number and percentage of the species occurring in the

different regions runs as follows.

0/ Region Number /o

West Indies 1 2

Central America 3 6

Eastern Venezuela, Colombia, Peru 10 21

British Guiana 3i 65

French Guiana 34 7 1

Hylaea !9 40 Trinidad 8 1 7 Andes i(?) 2(?)

Southern & Eastern Brazil 6 i3

Paraguay, Argentina 0 4

Surinam has of course most species in common with French

British and Guiana, but there exists also a relation between

Dutch Guiana and the Amazonian district. It is a curious fact, that only one Surinam species occurs also on the \Vest

to Indian Islands; according M.ez’ monograph there were

other in several species common with Wbst India, but they 5 4

all proved to be different though closely related species. With the Andes region Surinam shows but little similarity. It is rather dubious whether the specimen of Nectandra Laurel Kl. et

Karst, to this With really belongs species. Trinidad, as was to has in be expected Surinam several species common.

Ocotea.

It is curious that the Surinam of this among iq species genus three the which the of the belong to group, by shape outer

6 link the Nectandra and Ocotea. Mez described stamens, genera

6 of this of which 3 in Central species only group, occur

America and one on the West Indian Islands; the 3 Surinam species have their area restricted to Guiana or to Guiana and the Amazone district. In view of this distribution and with regard to the different character of the anthers it is probably advisable to this from both Nectandra and Ocotea. separate group

Of the Surinam Ocotea species: O. puberula Nees has the widest distribution: its area extending from Mexico to Argentina.

In view of the localities where it has been found, we must

it drier and A few assume that prefers the higher regions.

of Southern Asia and species Ocotea occur in Eastern and on the Mascarenes, they differ from the American species by the large staminodes.

Nectandra.

Nectandra Pisi Miq., described by Mez as N. globosa Aubl., is not Mez The so widely distributed as supposed. species

has hitherto been found only in the Guianas and in the Amazone district. Other specimens from Southern and Central America described by Mez belong probably to the closely related:

N. lucida Nees; in the West Indies it is supplanted by:

N. antillana Meissn. (= N. globosa Aubl.).

Nectandra ambigua Meissn. This species has been found in

limit in British Guiana only and its area seems to reach its

Western Surinam, the plant has not been found eastward of 55

the Nickerie river; in the Amazone district it is replaced by

the closely related N. Pichurim (H.B.K.) Mez.

Nectandra Nees has a extensive cuspidata very area, reaching

from Mexico to Argentina.

Aniba.

The o£ the of this lie in the centre area genus seems to

Guianas and the Of the about Hylaea. 40 species, 17 occur in the Guianas and about 10 in the Amazone district.

Acrodiclidium.

The be said of this Of the about 3o same may genus. species:

11 are Guianean, 5 Amazonian.

Mezilaurus.

its centre in This genus has of distribution the Amazone

district. A few extend however species as far as Eastern

Venezuela and Guiana and southward a few are found in

Central and Eastern Brazil. Mezilaurus Itauba (Meissn.)

has it to Taubert a large area, seems prefer dry, rising ground and does not in marshes. grow

55 & CHAPTER III.

USEFUL PLANTS.

On the is brief of the useful following pages given a survey

As the literature this is the plants. on subject very scattered, list does not claim to be in is any way complete. Everybody warned of the medicaments mentioned against applying any here without medical advice.

A list of the principal works from where the data have been taken, is given at the end of this chapter; all authors moreover are mentioned between brackets.

MALPIGHIACEAE.

Malpighia punicifolia L.

In the West Indies the fruit is much eaten, either raw or it is and it used for jellies tarts; has a sour flavour. The bark is to The fruit is used reported yield a red dye (Standley). against obstipation and inflammatory and adynamic diseases; the and diluted it is used in of sap is purgative in water case scorbut as a refreshment (Descourtilz).

Bunchosia glandulifera (Jacq.) Kunth.

of in water soluble An incision the bark furnishes an gum, named: ,,Ciruela gum” in Caracas, it is employed against diseases of the and catarrh of the respiratory organs against bladder (Hartwich). , 57

Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Rich.

The fruit is eaten mostly by children and birds although occasionally in Central America it is offered for sale in the markets. It is used for preparing a kind of lemonade; in some

drink localities it has been fermented to produce an alcoholic

(Standley). The bark is used for tanning leather and for painting paddles, arrowpoints, etc. (Bentham). It is said to yield a strong fibre (Guzman). The plant is astringent and various parts have been used in domestic medicine for fevers, colds, diarrhoea and snake-bites (Standley, Poiret, Schomburgk). The

and and has dark red-brown wood is rather heavy dense a

used for charcoal and colour (Wiessner); is is burning purposes, now and then for building.

Byrsonima coriacea (Sw.) Kunth.

The wood is said to be used for tanning leather (Poiret).

Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich.

A decoction of wood and roots is used as vulneral, detersive and astringent, It gives a red dye (Poiret). The trunk furnishes timber (Niedenzu).

Byrs onima densa (Poir). D.C.; B. stipulacea Juss.

These large trees furnish timber for building purposes.

LAURACEAE.

Laurus nobilis L.

Leaves and berries and stimulant possess aromatic properties

have narcotic. The to and been reported leaves are also said

be diaphoretic and in larger doses emetic. Both leaves and

in fruits were employed formerly flatulent colic, hysteria,

amenorrhoea and other never affections but they are rarely or

used internally at the present time either in Europe or elsewhere.

The called a berries, commonly Bay-berries, yield green or

extracted in minute yellow-green oil, by boiling, though quan- 58

titles. Externally this commercial oil of bays is sometimes

external stimulant and in employed as an application sprains,

hemorrhoids bruises, etc., sometimes against or against vermin.

But its is in principal use the veterinary medicine. Now and then it has been used for The leaves making soap. are frequently

the used by cook and the confectioner as a flavouring agent.

The volatile oil is also sometimes employed in perfumery. The

itself is cultivated for ornamental plant purposes.

Persea americana Mill.

horticultural Two principal forms of Persea americana are recognised: the West Indian type with smooth fruit and leathery skin and the Guatemalan the type also called Mexican or

avocado highland (P. Americanai, var. drymifolia) with rough and

warty fruit and membranous skin, the leaves when crushed

is dissipating an anise-like odour. There great variation in size and shape of the fruit (Standley, Popenoe). In Surinam two forms are cultivated: one with pink and one with whitish

the skin of the fruit reddish It is pulp, being or green (Sack).

used table fruit and eaten it is rich commonly as a raw; so and mild that most people make use of some spice or pungent substance to it and for this give a poignancy purpose some make of of of but use wine, sugar or lime-juice, most people add and salt and the is eaten salad pepper berry as a (Browne); in is the Dutch East Indies usually brandy or coffee added; it is used further in bread. The seed is used soups or spread on

for marking linen: one method being to hold the cloth over the fresh stone and into the seed with pricking through a

needle, the milky juice becomes dark-red and is practically

A indelible. large number of therapeutic uses are reported.

The pulp is credited with hastening the suppuration of wounds

and is have and reputed to aphrodisiac emmenagogue properties

The (Duss, Standley). seed contains an astringent milky juice

reputed against diarrhoea and dysentery (Bocq.-Limousin). 59

Ground and mixed with cheese, meal, etc. the seeds are used to poison rats and mice (Standley). An ointment of the pulverized

is sometimes seeds employed as a rubefacient and a decoction

the in the is of them or a piece of seed, put cavity of a tooth believed to cure tooth-ache (Standley). According to Sahagun the seeds for powdered are employed as a remedy dandruff;

in they should have a soothing influence case of intercostal

for neuralgia (Hartwich). The seeds are also used manufacturing various trinkets (Standley). The rind is used to expel intestinal

Hernandez states that parasites (Standley, Peckholt). by pressure oil obtained from the seeds and used was in curing eruptions of the skin. According to Britton the valuable oil contained

the seeds is used for and for The leaves in burning making soap.

the and bark are employed in domestic medicine because of pectoral, stomachic, emmenagogue, resolutive, antiperiodic, antihysteric, antidysenteric, anthelmintic properties ascribed to them. These due to the of properties are probably presence

tannin a large quantity of (Duss, Standley). On the West

Indian Islands the leaves are used as pectoral, balsamic and

carminative (Bocq.-Limousin). According to Bisschop Grevelink the buds are employed in the Dutch East Indies against con- tusions and against syphilis. A decoction of flower and leaf

buds is used as aperitive. An infusion of leaves and seeds is

administered for diarrhoea and chronic catarrh. For building

the wood has little value. purposes or no

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn.

Cinnamon bark has generally the properties of the spices,

being aromatic, carminative and stimulant. It is also somewhat

It is alone but astringent. rarely prescribed chiefly as an

addition to other medicines to improve their flavour or to

check tonic their griping qualities. As a cordial, stimulant and

it is indicated in all and cases characterised by feebleness atony.

As astringent it is employed in diarrhoea, usually in combination 60

with chalk, the vegetable infusions or opium. As a cordial and stimulant it is exhibited in the latter stages of low fever, In flatulent colic, flatulence, in spasmodic affections of the bowels and irritation it often efficient carminative gastric proves a very and antispasmodic. It checks nausea and vomiting. It has also

in uterine been used haemorrhage as a stimulant of the uterine muscular fibre and in tedious labour depending upon insufficiency of uterine contractions. The oil of cinnamon the possesses

cordial and carminative properties of the bark without its astringency and is a good deal used as an adjunct to other medicines stimulant in and also as a powerful local paralysis of the of the toreleave headache tongue, cramp stomach, etc.

An oil of dove-like odour and taste is also destilled from the

of leaves the plant in Ceylon and occasionally exported as

it in and ,,clove oil”; resembles medicinal properties uses closely the oil of cloves. A substance called cinnamon suet is also

expressed in Ceylon from the ripe fruit (Lindley). From the root is extracted a yellow oil which has a strongly camphoraceous flavour (Watt).

Ocotea rubra Mez.

Furnishes one of the best and mostly widely distributed timber woods of Guiana. The wood is rather light, rather soft,

not coarse and somewhat splintery but does burst as a rule, yellowish-brown, useful for indoor constructions, furniture and

cabinet light work. It is said not to be attacked by worm

(Pfeiffer, Sack, Stone and Freeman). This species furnishes the so called: ,,suikerkisten-hout” (sugarbox wood) according

to v. d. Speck Obreen.

Ocotea Rodiaei (Rob. Schomb.) Mez.

Dr. Rodie the Bibiru bark solution prepared from (Bebeeru) a

of the sulphate of its alkali, which he has administered with

success in intermittent fevers. Maclagan succeeded in procuring

two vegetable alcaline bodies: bibirine and sipirine (according 61

to other investigators identical with the already known buxine;

Rohst. effective see Wiessner, p. 38). Bebeeru, though not so

is used it as quinine, as a substantive for as antiperiodical,

but it head-ache never causes nausea, or other unpleasant

effects, which so frequently follow the use of quinine (Bentl.

and Trimen). According to Merrill it is used in various uterine

diseases as dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, leucorrhoea, also

useful in affections of the kidneys and bladder and inblenorrhoeal

(Bentl. and that it discharges Trimen). Bocquillon states may

in be used case of periodical neuralgia. Externally it is employed

inflammation of the There against eyes (Dragendorff). is %

starch in the fruit and the aborigines use it in times of scarcity

as a substitute for bread. The seeds for that are grated purpose

and immersed in when white starch water, a precipitates itself

which is repeatedly washed to deprive it of its bitterness. It

is afterwards mixed with decayed wood, chiefly that of Eperua

Aubl. and baked cakes. The Indians falcata into are sometimes

to obliged live on it for months (Schomburgk, Martius). The

hard, heavy, coarse-grained wood of a more or less pronounced

or greenish-brown colour with green prominent light-green pores (Stone and Freeman) is much esteemed for luxurious furniture,

constructions of ships and docks, especially for keelsons, beams,

engine bearers, planking, dock and lock gates, piers and piling

(Record), but in Europe only it proved to be resistent against

the attack of marine borers; for Central and South America

this reputation is wholy lost: constructions for which it has

been used in Panama, San Francisco and Surinam were

destructed within a of year by a species Teredo (Pfeiffer).

The wood tends to check and splitter in drying and requires

in in great care seasoning and working (Record). An excellent

charcoal is made of it (Wiessner).

Ocotea barcellensis (Meissn.) Mez.

The wood is used for and for building purposes corjales. 62

When the tree is cut down or when an incision is made in the several litres stem, of a terpentine-like fluid run out of the wound; it is used by the Alukuja Indians for burning (Snijders).

Ocotea guianensis Aubl.

The leaves used in are as a cataplasm order to obtain the suppuration of tumours and bubos (Aublet). The plant furnishes a resin (Dragendorlf).

Ocotea canaliculata (Rich.) Mez.

Furnishes a timber for indoor work (Freeman and Williams).

Ocotea puberula Nees.

The is in yellow, peppery wood common carpenter shops and used for tables, shelving and all kinds of joinery (Record).

Ocotea Schomburgkiana (Nees) Mez.

The branchlets are used for basket work, the wood as timber.

Nectandra Pisi Miq.

The yellowish-brown, hard wood, easily to work on, is employed for indoor work and furnishes a durable timber for ship-building and constructions in water (Stone). It needs

iron is brass nails, as rapidly attacked (Lauessan).

Nectandra cuspidata Nees.

Furnishes a and durable timber used for very light building purposes (Miquel, Krukoflf).

Aniba rosaeodora Ducke.

In 1876 the Frenchman Samain succeeded in destilling out of the wood an oil: ,,Huile de linalois ou huile d'alo&s”, after- wards called: ,,Essence de bois de rose”. A narrowly related product: ,,Linaloe mexique” is provided by: Bursera Delpechiana

Poiss. and B. The oil of linalol. Aloëxylon Engl. contains 90 %

France The wood was shipped chiefly to for the extraction of the but to the in it oil, owing loss of essence transportation, 63

found was best to manufacture it in Cayenne itself. The oil is used in the perfumery industry. At the beginning of 1918 this

Aniba named in French Guiana: de femelle” species, ,,Bois rose

river. in Rec. was found by Snijders on the Gonini (See: Pulle

it Tr. Bot. Neerl. 22, 1916). Afterwards has been found elsewhere it be in Surinam. too, though seems to very rare

Another that the collectors could species, so closely related, only distinguish it by the terpentine smell of the wood, is called:

"Bois de rose male”.

Aniba riparia (Nees) Mez.

Furnishes timber wood (Peckholt).

Aniba Canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez.

The bark, with the taste and smell of cinnamon, though

fainter is sold on the smaller markets in the Amazonian inland; it is used in the shape of powder for perfuming linen and sometimes for making a stimulating tea (Ducke).

Acrodiclidium Canella (Meissn.) Mez.

Furnishes a dark-brown wood with a very hard, heavy, faint cinnamon smell. It is but brittle and difficult durable, very to work (Pfeiffer). A decoction of the wood is said to be anti-rheumatic (Correa).

Acrodiclidium guianense Nees.

Furnishes useful timber wood (Peckholt).

Acrodiclidium Aubletii Kosterm.

According to Aublet this plant should furnish the: ,,Bois

de has been that the real de rose Cayenne”. It proved now

wood furnished Aniba rosaeodora. Several Acrodiclidium rose is by

have less smell. As species a more or pungent rose producers

various families mentioned of rose wood plants belonging to are

Protium altissimum and etc. e.g. March, Amyris Fagara species, 6 4

Mezilaurus Itauba (Meissn.) Taubert.

the Furnishes one of most useful and durable timbers of

Brazil and Guiana; the wood is sound yellowish-green, very and strong and especially suited for ship-building (Duche).

The fruit is edible, but it has a strong resinous flavour; from

is the pulp a wine made (Spruce). The bark is astringent (Dragendorff).

Cassytha filiformis L.

the stems to The aborigines use rubbed with chalk pitch their stems vessels (Rumphius). The crushed are employed to expel intestinal parasites (Hasskarl) and a watery decoction is said to be a remedy against the coming out of hair (Greshoff).

it is Pulverized and mixed with nutmeg said to cure diseases

of the abdomen and stomach; the powder mixed with ginger and butter is used as an ointment on tumours. In Southern

milk India the Brahmans use the plant for giving skimmed a more agreeable flavour (Greshoff). The powder or viscous juice of the stems is used against vermin (Dragendorff), mixed with

sesam oil it the hair, mixed with it is a preserves sugar remedy

sore and head-ache In China used against eyes (Rheede). it is

Bot. as depurative and antivenereal (Baillon, med.).

HERNANDIACEAE.

Hernandia sonora L.

The wood is used for canoe-building and indoor work; it

is and and when dried it be used as very light porous, can tinder (Lamarck). In the Dutch East Indies swimmers for

it fishing nets are made of (Greshoff). The bark should cure inflamed wounds (Dragendorff). An alcoholic extract of the

wood is decoction of the pink sap employed as aphrodisiac; a

bark should cure wounds, caused by poisoned arrow points

fruit oil for in in (Hartwich). The yields an burning lamps; the Dutch East Indies the sort of candle aborigines make a 65

sticks of it. The oil, extracted out of the stamped and boiled seeds should be narcotic (Hasskarl). On the isle of Reunion

is of a liqueur made the fragrant cupule of the fruit (Greshoif);

it is on the Antilles used as a drastic. The belief that the plant

should have depilating properties is due to the fact that

Arbor for taken for Rumphius’ regis was a long time Hernandia, it is however a plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae. The boiled

is it is fruit used against chronical diarrhoea; a strong purgative.

An ointment made of the fruits is employed against scrofulous

affections (Descourtilz).

PRINCIPAL LITERATURE.

H. E. Baillon, Histoire des Plantes II (1870); id., Traite de

Botan. medic. (i883). R. B enoist in Arch, de Botan. V (iqSi). R. Bently and H. Trimen, Medic. Plants III (1880). A. H. B isschop Grevelink, Bruikb. planten v. Nederl. Oost Indie (i883). H. B ocquillon-Limousin, Manuel des plantes medicinales colon, et exot. (1906). P. Browne, History of Jamaica (1766). M. P. Correa, Dice, das plantas uteis do Brasil (1926). M. E. Descourtilz, Flore Pittor. et Medic, des Antilles II

(1822). G. Dragendorff, Die Heilpflanzen (1898). A. Ducke in Arch. Jard. Rio de Janeiro IV (1926); V (igSo). R. P. Duss in Ann. Inst. Colon, de Marseille III (1896). W. G. Freeman and R. O. Williams, Useful and ornament, plants of Trinidad and Tobago (1928). 66

M. Greshoff, Nuttige Indische planten 3 (1896).

C. Hartwich, Die neuen Arzneidrogen (1897). K. Heyne, Nuttige planten van Nederl. Indie (1926). P. I J. Pfeiffer, Houtsoorten van Suriname (1926).

W. in Contrib. Nat. 5 Popenoe U. S. A. Herbarium 24, (1924). S. Record, Timbers of Tropical America (1924). Rich. Schomburgk, Reisen in Brit. Guiana II and III (1848). P. C. Standley in Contrib. U. S. A. Nat. Herbarium 25

(1922); id. in Field. Mus. Ill (igo3). H. Stone and W. G. Freeman, Timbers of Brit. Guiana

G. Watt, Diction, of the Economic Products of India (1889 —gS). J. Wiessner, Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs (1927 —28). Index

Page Page

Muca Acrodiclidium Aubletii Kosterm. (Ruiz et Pavon) Mez. 26

34, 62, 63 opaca A. C. Smith 32

Canella Panurensis Mez 28 (Meissn.) Mez. . 34, 62, 63 riparia (Nees) Mez 52, 63

62 rosaeodora Ducke 63 cayennense (Meissn.) Mez. . 32, 62, 62,

debile Mez 62 salicifolia Mez (Nees) 24 sulcata guianense Nees 36, 62, 63 R. Benoist 22

Martinianum Mez 62 Taubertiana Mez 62

Kosterm. 62 Trinitatis Mez rigidum . . . 38, 5g, 32

Aiouea brasiliensis Meissn. ... 34

densiflora Nees 62 Banisteria brachiata L 33, 34, 7

Aubl 62 guianensis 33, calocarpa Miq 7 rubra A. C. Smith 33 cristata Griseb 8

scandens Ducke 33 elegans Tr. et PI 8

Schomburgkii Meissn 34 var. ciliata Ndz 8 Alcoceratothrix Benth stipulacea Juss. 11 leptocarpa 8 lucida Rich Amyris 63 7, 8

Aniba affinis Mez. 32 Robins (Meissn.) .. Banisteriopsis 7 bracteata (Nees) Mez 26 Brachypteris Juss 8

Burchellii Kosterm Small 27 ovata (Cav.) 49 Canelilla (H.B.K.) Mez. 3o, Bursera Aloexylon Engl 62 52, 63 Delpechiana Poiss 62 elliptica A. C. Smith 3o Byrsonima Aerugo Sagot ... 9, 48

firmula et Mez. altissima auct (Nees Mart.) 9

27, 28, 3i, 62 amazonica Griseb 10

fragrans Ducke 3o var. lucidula (Huber) Ndz... 10

Gardneri Mez 29 Aubletii Kosterm 10 Kosterm 53 coriacea H.B.K. Gonggrijpii 3i, (Swartz) 9, 67 Hostmanniana (Nees) Mez.. 5i cotinifolia Kunth 9 Mez 52 f. cubensis Ndz.... Jenmani (Juss.) 9 Mez Kappleri 5i f. ferruginea(Kunth) Griseb. 9 Kosterm. 25 f. Kunthiana Ndz Koumaroucapa 24, 9 laevigata Mez 28 Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Rich.

Kosterm 53 mas 3o, 8, 5 7 Hemsl megacarpa 34 densa (Poir) D.C 10, 67 68

Page Page

var. Kosterm.. 10 Meissn. 33 emarginata Goeppertia Sprucei ...

laurifolia Kunth Fendleri i5 11 Gymnobalanus Meissn.

nitidissima Kunth 11 Sprucei Meissn 16

Poeppigiana Juss 11

Hernandia beninensis Welw. . 48 punctulata Juss 10 catalpifoliaBritton et Harris. 47 rugosa Benth 10, 11 guianensis Aubl 46. stipulacea Juss 10, 11, 67

Kunstleri ex King Heyne ... 48 verbascifolia (L.) Rich... 11, 67 ovigera L 46 Calodium cochinchinense Lour. 43 peltata Meissn 46 Cassytha americana Nees 43 var. subcordata Hochr.... aphylla Raeusch 43 47 Sesse peltata et Moc 47 brasiliensis Mart 44 sonora L 46, So, 64 F. Vill capillaris 44 africana Heteropteris Juss. ... 49 filiformis L 43, 5o, 64 anoptera Juss 6 var. pondoensis (Engl.) Grisebachiana Ndz 6 Kosterm 44 multiflora (D.C.) Hoch- guineensis Schum. et Thonn. 43 6 reutiner » paniculata R. Br 43 . nervosa Juss 6 pondoensis Engl 44 reticulata Griseb . . 6 . pubescens E. Mey 44 suberosa (Willd.) Griseb...* 6 remotiflora F. Muell 44 Hiraea affinis Miq 49 rubiginosa E. Mey 44 Hufelandia Si timoriensis Gandoger 44 zeylanica Gaertn 43 Laurus globosa Aubl 20 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn. globosa Lam 20 So, 69 koumaroucapa L. C. Rich... 24 Si * Cryptocarya * . . . . nobilis * L.. . . So, S7

surinamensis Swartz iS

Dicypellium caryophyllatum Licaria guianensis Aubl 34 Nees 36 Litsea *. Si Ndz. Diplopteris rosea (Miq.) 49 altissima Aubl Dolichopterys surinamensis Malpighia 9 altissima Kosterm Jacq. 10 49

L. . . coccigera * 49

coriacea Swartz 9 Emeorhiza * * . Pohl . . 42 crassifolia Aubl 9 brasiliensis (Presl.) Walp. . . 42 crassifolia Juss 9 Endlichera Presl. . 42 glandulifera (Jacq.) Kunth... 56 Endlicheria endlicheriopsis lucida Juss 9 (Mez.) Kosterm 43, 62 lucida Swartz 9 grandis Mez 17 moureila Aubl 9 hirsuta Nees 41 punicifolia L 67 multiflora (Miq.) Mez... 62 42, reticulata Poir 6

pyriformis (Nees) Mez, .42, 62 rufa Poir. * » * 9 sericea Nees 62 41, spicata Cav 9 villosa Mez 43 spicata Juss 8 Eperua falcata Aubl 61 verbascifolia Aubl 9 Escobedia Ruiz et Pav 38 verbascifolia Juss 9 Mascagnia anisopetala (Juss*)

Griseb Fagara 63 4 69

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Griseb; anisopetala (Juss.) . . urophylla Meissn 21

macrodisca et Neosilvia Pax var. (Tr. PI.) 40

Kosterm 5

macrodisca Ndz. (Tr. et PI.) 4 Ocotea barcellensis (Meissn.) multiglandulosa Ndz 49 Mez 14, 62, 61 var. surinamensis Kosterm, 5 canaliculata (Rich.) Mez. 62, 62 Mespilodaphne 36 caudata (Meissn.) Mez. 16, Mezia O. Ktze 40 36, 52 Mezilaurus Mez 38 cuneifolia et Mez... (R. P.) 17 Taubert crassiramea (Meissn.) 41 endlicheriopsis Mez 43 decurrens (Ducke) Kosterm. 40 floribunda Mez i5 Itauba Taubert (Meissn.) 40, florulenta Mez. 16 (Meissn.) ... 62, 55, 64 Mez globifera 17, 62 Lindaviana Schwacke et Mez. 41 glomerata (Nees.) Benth. et Taubert. oppositifolia (Nees) 41 Hook.f i5, 62 Taubert. Sprucei (Meissn.) . 41 guianensis Aubl i5, 62, 62 subcordata (Ducke) Kosterm. 40 subsericea Kosterm.. 15 var. . Kosterm. synandra (Mez) . . 40 Hilariana Mez* 16 Misanteca Duckei A. Sampaio 41 Martiniana (Nees.) Mez. ... 17 Neesiana (Miq.) Kosterm. 16, amazonum Nectandra Nees. .. 21 22, 62 Meissn. ambigua ... 21, 52, 54 oblonga (Meissn.) Mez. 17, antillana Meissn 20, 54 62, 55 cissiflora Nees 24 Petalanthera (Meissn.) Mez. 52 cuspidata Nees. 21, 52, 54, 62 Pichurim H.B.K 21 dioica Mez 17 Nees. 62 puberula . 17, 52, 54, elaiophora Barb. Rodr i5 punctulata Mez 52, 53 globosa (Aubl.) Mez. ... 19, 54 Rodiaei (Rob. Schomb.) Mez. Kosterm.. grandis (Mez.) 17, 14, 52, 60 19, 52 rubra Mez 60 14, 52, Meissn. 52 guianensis .. 20, 22, (Nees) Benth. kaburiensis 52 Schomburgkiana Kosterm 22, et Hook.f 52, 62 Kunthiana (Nees.) Kosterm.

splendens (Meissn.) Mez. ... 52 19, 52 subglabra R. Benoist Kuntzeana Mez 17 24 Tessmannii O. C. Schmidt.. 17 Laurel Klotsch et Karst, ex Mez. 16 urophylla (Meissn.) ... Nees 18, 52, 64 vernicosa Mez leucantha 17 Nees 20 Wachenheimii R. Benoist i5, 52 lucida Mez 64 Oreodaphne confusa Meissn... 16 myriantha Mez 24 dispersa Nees 16 Neesiana Miq 16, 22 fallax Miq 16 pallida Nees 22

Pichurim Mez. 21 (H.B.K.) ...

Pisi Miq 19, 52, 54, 62 Persea americana Mill. 12, 5o, 58 Sandwith praeclara 17 Benthamiana Meissn 12, 52 reticulata et Mez. coriacea Kosterm 53 (R. P.) .. 19 12,

Nees 18 i3 rigida lanceolata (Meissn.) Mez. . .

Rodiaei Schomb 20 nivea Mez 12

Rol. Rottb. 5i sanguinea ex 20, 22 Phoebe 52 surinamensis Mez 22, Podocarpus 48 70

Page Page

Protium altissimum March 63 Systemonodaphne geminiflora Schauera Nees 42 Mez 62

Silvia Benth 38 Tetrapteris crebriflora 5 Allem Juss.... Fr. 40 var. dubia Griseb 5 Vellozo 38 discolor (G. F. W. Meyer) curialis Veil 38 Ndz 5, 6 decurrens Ducke 40 var. brownsbergensis Kos- Duckei A. Sampaio 41 term 5 Mez. polyantha . * 40 mucronata Cav 5 Rondonii Mez 41 subspec. eumucronata Kos- subcordata Ducke 40 term 5 Mez synandra 40 subsp. crebriflora (Juss.) Silviella Pennell 40 Kosterm 5 Sparattanthelium Botocudorum ovalifolia Griseb 6 Mart 46, 62 puberula Miq 6 wonotoboensis Kosterm. 44, 53 fimbripetala Juss 49 Raf Spironema aphylla 44

8 Stigmaphyllon Juss 7, Volutella aphylla Forsk 43