Studies in South American Malpighiaceae, Lauraceae and Hernandiaceae, especially of Surinam BY A.J.G.H. Kostermans (Utrecht). INTRODUCTION. Acknowledgments. The present investigation has been carried out in the “Botanisch Museum en Herbarium” of the University of Utrecht. I wish to render to Dr. A. Pulle, the Director of the sincere thanks for the facilities afforded Institute, my most to and for the interest in the of this work. me progress I indebted to of the Berlin- am also greatly the Directors Dahlem, Brussels, Göttingen, Leiden and Paris Herbaria and to the members of their staff for the opportunity of studying in these Institutes the collections entrusted to their care and advice. words of thanks due to for their helpful Special are Dr. O. C. Schmidt (Berlin-Dahlem), Dr. R. Benoist (Paris) and Dr. Exell (South Kensington). To Mr. Wilmott for the information he (South Kensington) I am obliged gave me with to the Persea, and to Dr. Hochreutiner regard genus (Geneva) for the loan of the type specimen of Ocotea vernicosa. To the Brussels, Berlin-Dahlem, Göttingen, Kew, Leiden indebted the of and Paris Herbaria I am for loan specimens which I needed for the solution of various special problems. 2 Scope of work. It in the first Surinam which in this are place species to paper has been In attention paid. various instances however it was found advisable revise of and then of to a part a genus, course species not occuring in Surinam had also to be taken into consideration. Material studied. I have done my best to make the enumeration of the specimens in collected Surinam as complete and reliable as possible. For this I have verified all the older determinations. The purpose Surinam collections preserved in the Herbaria of Berlin- and Dahlem, Brussels, Gottingen Leiden are entirely included. It doubtless that other herbaria is true too possess specimens but of Surinam plants, as the greater part of these are merely duplicates of sheets belonging to the herbaria mentioned above, these collections are not of great importance. Those of Daniel Rolander, presumably in the Copenhagen Herbarium, could is not be found; this a great pity, because the study of these is for the solution of several plants absolutely necessary problems of identity. The Surinam material preserved in Utrecht consists for the greater part of collections made by it the ,,Boschwezen” (Forestry Bureau); was collected mainly in the localities indicated on the the end of this map at paper. In the of the trees in the a method 1924 numbering forest, which to that date had been the Bureau up applied by Forestry with such a great succes, was unfortunately stopped. Especially in the this method is the utmost a family like Lauraceae of it is the for importance, as practically only way establishing various the specific identity or non-identity of the fruiting and in flowering branches, which their vegetative characters are often similar. A of these collections has been very survey given by Pulle in his ,,Enumeration of the Vascular Plants known from Surinam and in a in the (1906)” paper published ,,Rec. 3 d. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 22 The Utrecht Her- (1926), p. 324”. barium also number of flowers and possesses a jars containing fruits preserved in alcohol. As they belong to the herbarium specimens collected by the Forestry Bureau they are not mentioned separately. Information with regard to habit and colour and of flowers and fruits taken to fragrance were from the labels supplied by the collectors and from the card catalogue Bureau. made by the Forestry All other particulars were studied on herbarium material. ABBREVIATIONS. Herbaria: Vernacular names: B Brussels Ar. Arowaccan (Indian) D Berlin-Dahlem Car. Caribbean, Caraibic, Galibi (Indian) G Gottingen N.E. Negro English L Leiden Sar. Saramaccan (Negro) K Kew S.D. Surinam Dutch P Paris U Utrecht CHAPTER I. NEW AND CRITICAL SPECIES. MALPIGHIACEAE. Niedenzu in his monograph o£ the Malpighiaceae includes the diagnostic characters of the varieties in his description of the this however species. In paper the description of the species is based on the var. The or absence exclusively typica. presence the has been used Niedenzu of glands on sepals by as a varietal him diagnostic and before even new species had been based it on this character. In the course of this study appeared however that and be found glandular eglandular sepals may the flowers of the even in same tree (see: Byrsonima coriacea). taxonomic value be attached Consequently no great can to the absence of these and in the enumeration presence or glands of the specimens I have indicated the two forms therefore and merely as: glandless gland bearing. Mascagnia anisopetala (Juss.) Griseb. in FI. Bras. XII, i( i858), p. q5. In r M. macrodisca et Niedenzu is m3 opinion (Tr. PI.) a variety only of M. anisopetala. The sole difference lies in the tomentum, which is sericeous in M. macrodisca and tomentose in M. anisopetaLa. The difference in the form of the leaf, to which Niedenzu draws the attention, viz. leaves usually obtuse- cuspidate-acuminate in M. macrodisca, acuminate or in M. of apiculate anisopetala are fluctuating nature. Of still 5 less importance is the diameter of the wings and I have not been able to confirm his statement that the glands of the sepals than of M. macrodisca are less free those of M. anisopetala. not macrodisca. Niedenzu did see flowers of M. A specimen with flower buds from Bolivia (Buchtien n. 1799) shows that the flowers the those of M. too are exactly same as anisopetala. Mascagnia anisopetala (Juss.) Griseb., var. macrodisca Kosterm. (Tr. et PL) nov. var. Frutex scandens. Pube sericea Folia appressa. ovata apice 6—8 pleraque cuspidato-acuminata. Samarae ala cm diametro. Mascagnia multiglandulosa Niedenzu, var. surinamensis Kosterm. nov. var. Ramuli teretes, dense lanuginosi. Folia oblonga vel elliptica basi rotunda vel subcordata margine subrevoluta apice brevlter vel acuminata apiculata supra glabrescentia nervis majoribus exceptis subtus dense persistenter lanuginosa. Inflorescentiae floresque ferrugineo-lanuginosi. Emden fl. Surinamo, Brownsberg (v. s. n., m. Sept.; typus in Herb. Utrecht). Cav., Diss. IX Tetraptcris mucronata (1790), p. 434, emend. Kosterm. I have united the two species T. mucronata Cav. and T. because into each other. The crebriflora Juss., they merge dubia Griseb. var. of T. crebriflora can hardly be distinguished from T. To better of the different mucronata. get a survey varieties I have divided the species into two subspecies: T. eumucronata, covering mucronata s.s. and crebriflora, consisting of T. crebriflora. F. Tetraptcris discolor (G. W. Meyer) Niedenzu, var. Kosterm. brownsbergensis nov. var. Folia glabra obovato-oblonga vel oblonga basi acuta apice breviter acuminata obtusa ad i5 petiolls usque mm longis. Inflorescentiae ad (fructiferae) usque 20 cm longae. 6 Surinamo, Brownsberg (B. W. n. 658, £r. m. Sept.; v. Emden £r. in Herb. s. n., m. Sept.; typus Utrecht). This variety links T. discolor with T. ovalifolia Griseb. from which it differs by the thinner and smaller leaves. Tctrapteris puberula Miq. in Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. X id. in Linnaea 18 56. (i8q3), p. 84; (1844), p. The type specimen of this species: Focke n. 33o, lower Suriname R., is identical with T. discolor (G. F. W. Meyer) Niedenzu. The be the fact that this error may explained by specimen consists of an inflorescence only, the inflorescence leaves always being smaller and somewhat different in shape from the normal ones. in FI. Bras. Hcteroptcris nervosa Juss. St. Hil., mer. Ill 26. (i83a), p. According to Macbride in Field. Mus. Nat. Hist. VIII, this H. suberosa 2 (iqSo), p. 120, name must supplant: (Willd.) I Griseb, the name of Willdenow being a nomen nudum. have combined this species with H. anoptera Juss. Neither the length of the inflorescence, nor the thickness of pedicels and peduncles, of nor the shape of the top the styles of H. anoptera are In sufficiently distinct from those of H. nervosa. the shape and the of of is length the wings the samaras there no difference at all. Hcteroptcris multiflora (D. C.) Hochreutiner in Bull. N.-York Bot. Gard. VI, (1910), p. 277. This species has first been described by Poiret as Malpighia reticulata In Flora Bras. I Grisebach (1816). XII, (i858), p. 71 described another species as Heleropteris reticulata Griseb. Niedenzu altered the name illegally into H. Grisebachiana. has be for the described The name H. reticulata to kept species by Grisebach and M. reticulata Poir. should be altered into H. multiflora, the name of D.C. being the oldest synonym. 7 Banisteria Juss. (non Linn.). De FI. Bras, merid. Jussieu (St. Hil., Ill, i832, p. 27) and after him several other authors, including Niedenzu, have employed the name Banisteria in another sense than Linnaeus As did. the name; Heteropteris Kunth, based on the type specimen of Linnaeus’ to the nomina conservanda genus Banisteria, belongs and Banisteria Linn, has been rejected (Intern, rules, ed. 3, it advisable to make Banisteria igSS, p. i35), appears Juss. conservandum and Robinson (non Linn.) a nomen Banisteriopsis Small Amer. FI. ex (N. XXV, 2, 1910, p. i3i) a nomen In this the of the rejiciendum. way renaming numerous species in his under the mentioned by Niedenzu monograph name: will be avoided. See for the discussion Banisteria sensu Juss. of the generic names: Heteropteris Kunth and Banisteria L.: Pfl. reich IV Fawcett and Niedenzu in Engl., (1928) p., 386; FI. IV and the scheme: Rendle, Jam. (1920), p. 232, following Banisteria in Linnaea 18 53 calocarpa Miq. (1844), p. Niedenzu’s monograph merely refers to the diagnosis given by Miquel. Miquel did not describe the flowers. He stated that this species is nearly related to B.