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The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - a Resource for COVID-19 Research: Questionnaire Data Capture Wellcome Open Research 2020, 5:127 Last updated: 09 JUL 2021 DATA NOTE The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture April-May 2020 [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] Kate Northstone 1, Simown Howarth 2, Daniel Smith 1, Claire Bowring 1, Nicholas Wells 1, Nicholas John Timpson 1,3 1Population Health Science, Bristol Medical SChool, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK 2Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK 3MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK v1 First published: 10 Jun 2020, 5:127 Open Peer Review https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16020.1 Latest published: 20 Nov 2020, 5:127 https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16020.2 Reviewer Status Invited Reviewers Abstract The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a 1 2 prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992. The resource provides an informative and version 2 efficient setting for collecting data on the current coronavirus 2019 (revision) report report (COVID-19) pandemic. In early March 2020, a questionnaire was 20 Nov 2020 developed in collaboration with other longitudinal population studies to ensure cross-cohort comparability. It targeted retrospective and version 1 current COVID-19 infection information (exposure assessment, 10 Jun 2020 report symptom tracking and reported clinical outcomes) and the impact of both disease and mitigating measures implemented to manage the COVID-19 crisis more broadly. Data were collected on symptoms of 1. Sarah Crozier , University of COVID-19 and seasonal flu, travel prior to the pandemic, mental Southampton, Southampton, UK health and social, behavioural and lifestyle factors. Janis Baird, University of Southampton, The online questionnaire was deployed across the parent and offspring generations between the 9th April and 15th May 2020. 6807 Southampton, UK participants completed the questionnaire (2706 original mothers, 1014 original fathers/partners, 2973 offspring (mean age ~28 years) 2. Anteo Di Napoli , National Institute for and 114 partners of offspring). Eight (0.01%) participants (4 G0 and 4 Health Migration and Poverty (INMP), Rome, G1) reported a positive test for COVID-19, 77 (1.13%; 28 G0 and 49 G1) Italy reported that they had been told by a doctor they likely had COVID-19 and 865 (12.7%; 426 G0 and 439 G1) suspected that they have had Martina Ventura, National Institute for COVID-19. Using algorithmically defined cases, we estimate that the Health Migration and Poverty (INMP), Rome, predicted proportion of COVID-19 cases fell between 1.03% - 4.19% Italy depending on timing of measurement during the period of reporting. Data from this first questionnaire will be complemented with at least Page 1 of 13 Wellcome Open Research 2020, 5:127 Last updated: 09 JUL 2021 two more follow-up questionnaires, linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. Data has been Any reports and responses or comments on the released as: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses article can be found at the end of the article. with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as a composite release coordinating data from the existing resource, thus enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. Keywords ALSPAC, Children of the 90s, birth cohort study, COVID-19, coronavirus, online questionnaire, mental health This article is included in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) gateway. This article is included in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) collection. Corresponding author: Kate Northstone ([email protected]) Author roles: Northstone K: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing; Howarth S: Investigation, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing; Smith D: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Review & Editing; Bowring C: Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing; Wells N: Methodology, Project Administration, Software, Writing – Review & Editing; Timpson NJ: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The work was supported by the Wellcome Trust through core support to ALSPAC [102215]. The UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors and Kate Northstone will serve as guarantor for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf). This work was also supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2020 Northstone K et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite this article: Northstone K, Howarth S, Smith D et al. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture April-May 2020 [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Research 2020, 5:127 https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16020.1 First published: 10 Jun 2020, 5:127 https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16020.1 Page 2 of 13 Wellcome Open Research 2020, 5:127 Last updated: 09 JUL 2021 Introduction dates of delivery 1st April 1991 to 31st December 19921,2. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a The initial cohort consisted of 14,541 pregnancies result- rapidly developing global health challenge. There is marked ing in 14,062 live births and 13,988 children who were alive at heterogeneity in disease prevalence, severity and outcome 1 year of age. From the age of seven onwards, the initial sam- both within and across populations. In part, this may be driven ple was bolstered with eligible cases who had originally failed by the interplay between environmental, social and host factors to join the study and there were subsequently 14,701 children such as age and pre-existing comorbidities which predispose alive at 1 year of age following this further recruitment3. Please or protect against infection or modify disease outcomes. note, the study website contains details of all the data that is Understanding this interplay requires studies with detailed available through a fully searchable data dictionary and variable environmental, health, lifestyle, and biological data – ideally search tool. measured within the context of longitudinal data and with prospective collection opportunities. In response to the COVID-19 it was necessary to develop a data collection strategy which was practical, would yield data Alongside the health implications of the virus itself, the quickly and could be updated and repeated. For these rea- response to the pandemic is likely to affect health and wellbeing. sons, we chose to use an online only data collection approach Mitigation measures have resulted in far-reaching changes to for this, restricting our invites to those participants with a valid daily activity (exemplified by the nationwide ‘lockdown’ strategy email address (and coordinated with a systematic communica- implemented in the UK from 23rd March 2020) which are tions/outreach campaign). The questionnaire was developed and likely to have an impact on nearly all aspects of work, family deployed using REDCap (Research Electronic Data CAPture 5 life, recreation and, potentially, health. Any adverse effects of tools ); a secure web application for building and managing online these mitigation strategies may themselves be heterogeneous, data collection exercises, hosted at the University of Bristol. with certain groups at higher risk of adverse effects. Understanding the effect of mitigation strategies on health and Content design identifying the social, environmental, or other factors which Content was initially developed internally, we then consulted help reduce their impact will be an important part of planning with a network of 16 UK and international longitudinal popu- both ongoing and future COVID-19 mitigation strategies as the lation studies and partners through a process facilitated by pandemic develops. Wellcome (see acknowledgements). This resulted in a core set and a recommended set of questions about health, behaviour, social, economic and environmental impact of COVID-19. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Whilst we were able to align many features of the ALSPAC (ALSPAC) is a unique three-generational study, comprising questionnaire and the Wellcome core questionnaire, there are ‘G0’: the cohort of original pregnant women, the biological some areas of divergence. This is because the ALSPAC question- father and other carers/partners; ‘G1’: the cohort of index chil- naire was deployed while the Wellcome core questionnaire was dren and ‘G2’: the cohort of offspring
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