1 3RINCS Special Symposium on DWM Resilience with Disaster Waste Management Disaster Waste Management (DWM) in the

Maria Antonia N. Tanchuling Institute of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman

11 March 2021 (via Zoom)

Photo courtesy of Basilio Sepe of Greenpeace (2020) 2

Photo courtesy of Brittanica Natural Disasters in the Philippines

3rd Most disaster-prone country in the world because of its high exposure to natural calamities (World Disaster Report 2012)

More than 20 typhoons every year

The Philippines also lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire and Typhoon Belt Photo courtesy of Whether Philippines (2018) Photo courtesy of Malacanang (2020) 3 Climate Change Act of 2009 Republic Act 9729

Was enacted in recognition of the need for a more systematic and institutional approach to addressing the potential impacts of climate change.

“Adaptive capacity” refers to the ability of ecological, social or economic systems to adjust to climate change including climate variability and extremes, to moderate or offset potential damages and to take advantage of associated opportunities with changes in climate or to cope with the consequences thereof.

Photo courtesy of kwest/Shutterstock.com 4

The Philippine DRRM Act (2010) RA 10121

Acknowledges the need to adopt a DRRM approach that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the socio-economic and environmental impacts of disasters and climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and all stakeholders concerned, especially the local community.

UNICEF Philippines/2020/Ruel Saldico 6

Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council Metro Development Authority (for NCR)

Current Organizational Local Government Units (Municipality and City) Structure on

Solid Waste Management Disaster Waste Division (CENRO, MENRO, EPWMD, etc.) Management Case Studies 9

NCR BICOL Typhoons and Floods Typhoons and Floods

Photo courtesy of Manila Bulletin (2015)

BOHOL TACLOBAN CITY Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake in 2013 Storm Surge and Wind brought by Typhoon Haiyan in 2013

Photo courtesy of Anglesinasphere (2013) 10

TACLOBAN Category 5: Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) Minimum pressure: 895 hPa Wind speed: （1 mins） 315 km/h (87.5 m/s) (10 mins） 230 km/h (64 m/s) (Instant) 378 km/s (105 m/s) Height of storm surge: 5 – 6 m

Photo courtesy of Kickerdaily.com (2013) 11 Storage and Disposal of Disaster Wastes TACLOBAN

3 1.1 million m of disaster Brought to temporary Final disposal site wastes (estimated based disposal sites (Sto. Nino dumpsite) on number of trucks) 12 Utilization of Debris (at the time of disaster) TACLOBAN

No centralized materials recovery facility in the entire island.

Coco lumber from felled coconuts January 2015 13 B A R A N G A Y S T O . N I Ñ O DUMPSITE

The “regular” dumpsite of Tacloban starting in 2009 (About 16 km from City Proper)

Debris: GI sheets, wood, household stuff

Other disaster wastes: relief goods, temporary building materials

Recyclable materials brought to final disposal site 14

BOHOL Disaster: Earthquake (October 2013) Magnitude: 7.2 Fault: North Bohol Fault 15 Data on Bohol Earthquake (2013) BOHOL Photo courtesy of Robert Michael Poole (2013)

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January 28, 2016 Site January 29, 2016

Inspection January 30, 2016 BOHOL 17

Photo courtesy of Philstar (2013) 41 d a m a g e d b r i d g e s 17 October 2013 Damaged bridge at Cortes, Bohol 18 d a m a g e d r o a d s 16 October 2013 Damaged highway at Getafe, Bohol

Photo courtesy of Interaksyon.com (2013) 18

29 January 2016 Our Lady of Light Church, Loon, Bohol 23 d a m a g e d

7 f u l l y c h u r c h e s d a m a g e d

17 October 2013 16 p a r t i a l l y Church of San Pedro d a m a g e d Apostol in Loboc, Bohol Photo courtesy of Robert Michael Poole (2013) 19

Types of Waste Generated by Earthquake (2013) BOHOL

Other wastes include GI sheets, bulbs and broken glass 20

Summary of Gaps and Constraints BOHOL 21 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NCR) Frequent Disasters: Typhoons, Tropical Storms and Habagat (Southwest monsoon)

Photo courtesy of Malacañang Presidential Photographers Division (2020) Photo courtesy of Jerome Ascano (2020) Photo courtesy of Nolisoli (2018) Photo courtesy of Environment and Natural Resource Office (2009)

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TROPICAL STORM KARDING (YAGI) AND HABAGAT Aug 2018 | 75 kph

Disaster Waste Brought by Strong Typhoons and Tropical Storms in NCR TYPHOON ULYSSES (VAMCO) TYPHOON ONDOY (KETSANA) Nov 2020 | 213 kph Sep 2009 | 165 kph TYPHOON LANDO (KOPPU) TYPHOON PEDRING (NESSAT) 23 Oct 2015 | 240 kph Sep 2011 | 213 kph Disaster Waste Brought by Strong Typhoons and Tropical Storms in NCR

Photo courtesy of City Environmental Management Office (2014)

TROPICAL STORM MARIO (FUNG-WONG)

Photo courtesy of Manila Department of Public Services (2015) Sep 2014 | 85 kph Photo courtesy of BBC News (2011) 24 Summary of SWM and DWM (NCR)

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT Population Highest Recorded Documentation Temporary Storage City Disposal Site Disaster Waste Flood Prone Areas of Recovery (2015) Facility Generation (m3) Phase 1,600 Dampalit, Concepcion, Sanitary Landfill 45 ha (Typhoon Glenda or Potrero, No Malabon 365,525 Tulyahan upstream Rammasun) 19,200 Sta. Cruz, Espanya, Navotas Sanitary Landfill 45 ha (Typhoon Milenyo - Yes Manila 1,780,148 Sampaloc, Tondo or Xangsane) Sumulong Highway, Nangka, Tumana, 95,000 SM underloop, Sto. , Sto. Niño, San 450,471 Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha (Typhoon Ondoy or Roque, Sta. Elena, Yes Marikina Niño playground, Ketsana) Calumpang, Jesus dela Brgy. Malanday Peña, Tanyong, IVC San Rafael, San Roque, Navotas Sanitary Landfill 45 ha - - Yes Navotas 249,463 Tanza 47,668 Sta. Lucia, Santolan, Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha (Typhoon Ondoy/ Yes 755,300 East West Bank Manggahan, Maybunga Ketsana) 42,930 West River Side District, Quezon Novaliches, 2,936,116 Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha (Typhoon Glenda/ - Yes City Commonwealth, Bagong Rammasun) Silangan, 804,915 Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha - - District 1 No 25 Summary of SWM and DWM (NCR)

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT DISASTER WASTE MANAGEMENT Documentation Population Highest Recorded City Temporary Storage of Recovery (2015) Disposal Site Disaster Waste Flood Prone Areas Phase 3 Facility ☺ Generation (m ) ☺ 1,600 Dampalit, Concepcion, Navotas Sanitary Landfill 45 ha (Typhoon Glenda or Potrero, Malabon No Malabon 365,525 Tulyahan upstream Rammasun) 19,200 Sta. Cruz, Espanya, Navotas Sanitary Landfill 45 ha (Typhoon Milenyo - Manila 1,780,148 Sampaloc, Tondo Yes or Xangsane) Sumulong Highway, Nangka, Tumana, 95,000 SM underloop, Sto. Malanday, Sto. Niño, San 450,471 Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha (Typhoon Ondoy or Roque, Sta. Elena, Marikina Niño playground, Yes Ketsana) Calumpang, Jesus dela Brgy. Malanday Peña, Tanyong, IVC San Rafael, San Roque, Navotas Sanitary Landfill 45 ha - - Navotas 249,463 Tanza Yes 47,668 Sta. Lucia, Santolan, Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha (Typhoon Ondoy/ Pasig 755,300 East WestBank Manggahan, Maybunga Yes Ketsana) 42,930 West River Side District, Quezon Novaliches, 2,936,116 Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha (Typhoon Glenda/ - Yes City Commonwealth, Bagong Rammasun) Silangan, Payatas Taguig 804,915 Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill 64 ha - - District 1 No 26

BICOL REGION (REGION V)

Frequent Disasters: Typhoons, Tropical Storms and Habagat

Photo courtesy of OneNews PH (2020) 27

Data courtesy of Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) 2006-2016 Typhoons BICOL REGION 28 Typhoon Reming (Durian) Nov 2006 | 250 kph Bicol Region

Volume of Waste Generated 97,000 m3

Types of Waste Collected Biodegradable, green wastes to house debris, trees debris, plastic, paper, glass/bottles, metals, and residual wastes 29 Typhoon Glenda (Rammasun) Jul 2014 | 260 kph Bicol Region

Volume of Waste Generated 560 tons (20%-30% from adjacent provinces)

Types of Waste Collected Biodegradable, electrical posts, green wastes to house debris, trees debris, plastic, paper, glass/bottles, metals, and residual wastes Typhoons and Flooding Earthquake31 UNEP-OCHA Disaster Waste Management Guidelines National Capital Region Bicol Region Region VIII Region VII Sto. Malabo Marikin Manila Navotas Pasig Quezon Taguig Legazpi Doming Naga Tacloban Bohol n a o Identification of waste issues Characterization of waste Phase I Hazard Ranking Tool Generation of waste map (Pre-recovery) Assessment of waste Priority action Disaster waste and waste Assessment management facilities Establishment of temporary storage sites Operations Collection and transportation of Phase II wastes (Recovery) Communications plan Planning Consultation with affected communities Communicating of findings and Communication and Reporting documentation of assessment Communications plan with key stakeholders

Phase III Procurement and repair of waste management facilities and resources (Post-recovery) Handover of disaster waste management systems into normalized and improved solid waste management

Pre-planning activities Establishment of government coordination Phase IV Identification of typical disaster waste (Contingency) Secondary activities Pre-select of temporary storage sites Recycling, waste-to-energy disposal options Typhoons and Flooding Earthquake32 UNEP-OCHA Disaster Waste Management Guidelines National Capital Region Bicol Region Region VIII Region VII Sto. Malabo Marikin Manila Navotas Pasig Quezon Taguig Legazpi Doming Naga Tacloban Bohol n a o Identification of waste issues Characterization of waste Phase I Hazard Ranking Tool Generation of waste map (Pre-recovery) Assessment of waste Priority action Disaster waste and waste Assessment management facilities Establishment of temporary storage sites Operations Collection and transportation of Phase II wastes (Recovery) Communications plan Planning Consultation with affected communities Communicating of findings and Communication and Reporting documentation of assessment Communications plan with key stakeholders Procurement and repair of waste management facilities and Phase III resources (Post-recovery) Handover of disaster waste management systems into normalized and improved solid waste management

Pre-planning activities Establishment of government coordination Phase IV Identification of typical disaster waste (Contingency) Secondary activities Pre-select of temporary storage sites Recycling, waste-to-energy disposal options 33 Conclusion and Recommendation

Disaster Waste Management Plan should be established in order to minimize the risk on human health and the environment

No pre designated temporary storage sites for most cities

No segregation of wastes during the emergency phase

No documentation (wastes generated, storage and disposal facilities)

LGUs should establish and implement good solid waste management systems as part of disaster preparedness and climate change adaptation 34 Maraming salamat!

Maria Antonia Tanchuling [email protected]

Lake Sebu/Tonette Tanchuling