Description of the Advanced Gas Cooled Type of Reactor (AGR)
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Boiler Analysis
The World’s Leading Laboratory Network Boiler Analysis Industry www.eurofins.co.nz Page 2 Table of Contents Introduction Page 3 Who should read this brochure? Page 3 Boiler water tests available Page 4 Feedwater Page 4 Boiler Water Page 5 Condensate Page 6 How to arrange everything Page 7 Analysis Page 7 Contact us Page 8 Cover Photo: Broken pressure gauge Page 3 Introduction Eurofins-ELS is one of New Zealand’s leading experts in the areas of: Air quality monitoring Biological fluids Boiler water Ceramicware and metal food containers Environmental water Food and Dairy Products Landfills Legionella Meat industry services Metals Potable water for councils Potable water for small communities Sample Integrity Sewage and effluent Swimming pools Trade waste The company has its origin as part of the Hutt City Council Laboratory and became a private enterprise in 1994. We grew through natural growth as well as the acquisition of local laboratories until in December 2012 we were acquired by Eurofins - the largest laboratory network in the world. Eurofins Scientific is an international life sciences company which provides a unique range of analytical testing services to clients across multiple industries. The Group is the world leader in food and pharmaceutical products testing. It is also number one in the world in the field of environmental laboratory services, and one of the global market leaders in agroscience, genomics, pharmaceutical discovery and central laboratory services. We are based in a purpose built facility of 1450 m2 at 85 Port Road, Lower Hutt. Eurofins-ELS is comprised of four separate laboratory areas – Instrumental Chemistry, General Chemistry, Biological Fluids, and Microbiology. -
The Economics of the Green Investment Bank: Costs and Benefits, Rationale and Value for Money
The economics of the Green Investment Bank: costs and benefits, rationale and value for money Report prepared for The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills Final report October 2011 The economics of the Green Investment Bank: cost and benefits, rationale and value for money 2 Acknowledgements This report was commissioned by the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS). Vivid Economics would like to thank BIS staff for their practical support in the review of outputs throughout this project. We would like to thank McKinsey and Deloitte for their valuable assistance in delivering this project from start to finish. In addition, we would like to thank the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the Committee on Climate Change (CCC), the Carbon Trust and Sustainable Development Capital LLP (SDCL), for their valuable support and advice at various stages of the research. We are grateful to the many individuals in the financial sector and the energy, waste, water, transport and environmental industries for sharing their insights with us. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors and not those of BIS or any other party, and the authors take responsibility for any errors or omissions. An appropriate citation for this report is: Vivid Economics in association with McKinsey & Co, The economics of the Green Investment Bank: costs and benefits, rationale and value for money, report prepared for The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills, October 2011 The economics of the Green Investment Bank: cost and benefits, rationale and value for money 3 Executive Summary The UK Government is committed to achieving the transition to a green economy and delivering long-term sustainable growth. -
Core Safety of Indian Nuclear Power Plants (Npps) Under Extreme Conditions
Sadhan¯ a¯ Vol. 38, Part 5, October 2013, pp. 945–970. c Indian Academy of Sciences Core safety of Indian nuclear power plants (NPPs) under extreme conditions JBJOSHI1,∗, AKNAYAK2, M SINGHAL3 and D MUKHOPADHAYA4 1Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India 2Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India 3Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 0094, India 4Reactor Safety Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Nuclear power is currently the fourth largest source of electricity produc- tion in India after thermal, hydro and renewable sources of electricity. Currently, India has 20 nuclear reactors in operation and seven other reactors are under construction. Most of these reactors are indigenously designed and built Heavy Water Reactors. In addition, a 300 MWe Advanced Heavy Water Reactor has already been designed and in the process of deployment in near future for demonstration of power production from Thorium apart from enhanced safety features by passive means. India has ambi- tious plans to enhance the share of electricity production from nuclear. The recent Fukushima accident has raised concerns of safety of Nuclear Power Plants world- wide. The Fukushima accident was caused by extreme events, i.e., large earthquake followed by gigantic Tsunami which are not expected to hit India’s coast considering the geography of India and historical records. Nevertheless, systematic investigations have been conducted by nuclear scientists in India to evaluate the safety of the current Nuclear Power Plants in case of occurrence of such extreme events in any nuclear site. -
Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors: Experience in Design and Operation
IAEA-TECDOC-1569 Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors: Experience in Design and Operation December 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1569 Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors: Experience in Design and Operation December 2007 The originating Sections of this publication in the IAEA were: INIS and Nuclear Knowledge Management and Nuclear Power Technology Development Sections International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria LIQUID METAL COOLED REACTORS: EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND OPERATION IAEA, VIENNA, 2007 IAEA-TECDOC-1569 ISBN 978–92–0–107907–7 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2007 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 2007 FOREWORD In 2002, within the framework of the Department of Nuclear Energy’s Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR), and according to the expressed needs of the TWG-FR Member States to maintain and increase the present knowledge and expertise in fast reactor science and technology, the IAEA established its initiative seeking to establish a comprehensive, international inventory of fast reactor data and knowledge. More generally, at the IAEA meeting of senior officials convened to address issues of nuclear knowledge management underlying the safe and economic use of nuclear science and technology (Vienna, 17–19 June 2002), there was widespread agreement that, for sustainability reasons for fissile sources and waste management, long-term development of nuclear power as a part of the world’s future energy mix will require the fast reactor technology. Furthermore, given the decline in fast reactor development projects, data retrieval and knowledge preservation efforts in this area are of particular importance. This consensus concluded from the recognition of immediate need gave support to the IAEA initiative for fast reactor data and knowledge presevation. -
Uranium Isanaturallyoccurring,Verydense,Metallic Definition Andcharacteristics Deposits Definition, Mineralogyand Proportion Ofu-235Tobetween 3And5percent
Uranium March 2010 Definition, mineralogy and Symbol U nt deposits Atomic number 92 opme vel Definition and characteristics Atomic weight 238.03 de l Uranium is a naturally occurring, very dense, metallic 3 ra Density at 298 K 19 050 kg/m UK element with an average abundance in the Earth’s crust ne mi of about 3 ppm (parts per million). It forms large, highly Melting point 1132 °C e bl charged ions and does not easily fit into the crystal struc- Boiling point 3927 °C na ai ture of common silicate minerals such as feldspar or mica. st Accordingly, as an incompatible element, it is amongst the Mineral Hardness 6 Moh’s scale su r last elements to crystallise from cooling magmas and one -8 f o Electrical resistivity 28 x 10 Ohm m re of the first to enter the liquid on melting. nt Table 1 Selected properties of uranium. Ce Minerals Under oxidizing conditions uranium exists in a highly soluble form, U6+ (an ion with a positive charge of 6), and is therefore very mobile. However, under reducing conditions Other physical properties are summarised in Table 1. it converts to an insoluble form, U4+, and is precipitated. It is these characteristics that often result in concentrations Mineralogy of uranium that are sufficient for economic extraction. Uranium is known to occur in over 200 different minerals, but most of these do not occur in deposits of sufficient Uranium is naturally radioactive. It spontaneously decays grade to warrant economic extraction. The most common through a long series of alpha and beta particle emissions, uranium-bearing minerals found in workable deposits are ultimately forming the stable element lead. -
Steam Generator Installation Manual
Cover Steam Master Steam Generator Installation Manual Clayton Industries City Of Industry, California R027949B.1 USA 06-2019 For your convenience, enter your unit’s specific model and serial number in the space below. The model and serial number are located on the right-hand side of the electronic controls cabinet. MODEL: _______________________ SERIAL NUMBER: _____________________ Title Page Steam Master Steam Generator Installation Manual CLAYTON INDUSTRIES 17477 Hurley Street City of Industry, CA 91744-5106 USA Phone: +1 (626) 435-1200 FAX: +1 (626) 435-0180 Internet: www.claytonindustries.com Email: [email protected] © Copyright 2018 Clayton Industries. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise) without written permission from Clayton Industries. The descriptions and specifications shown were in effect at the time this publication was approved for printing. Clayton Industries, whose policy is one of continuous improvement, reserves the right to discontinue models at any time, or change specifications or design without notice and without incurring any obligation. FACTORY DIRECT SALES AND SERVICE UNITED STATES OFFICES ATLANTA • CHICAGO • CINCINNATI • CLEVELAND • DALLAS • DETROIT KANSAS CITY • LOS ANGELES • NEW ENGLAND • NEW JERSEY NORTHERN CALIFORNIA LICENSEES, AFFILIATES, SALES and SERVICE DISTRIBUTORS WORLDWIDE Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... -
Movement of Radioactive Material Sellafield Site
Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials PATRAM 2016 September 18-23, 2016, Kobe, Japan Paper No. 3034 Movement of Radioactive Material Sellafield Site Maz Hussain Sellafield Ltd., United Kingdom. Abstract Background The UK nuclear decommissioning priority is to reduce risk and hazard and to deliver the clean-up mission cost effectively. This is particularly relevant at Sellafield where the Legacy Ponds and Silos pose the most significant challenges. The availability of safe packaging for the movement and storage on the Sellafield site is a key enabler to meet the NDA mission for safe interim storage ahead of its subsequent treatment, packaging and final storage to a Geologic Disposal Facility (GDF). There are a significant number of packages and package design types operating on the Sellafield site. Some packages are licensed to the IAEA regulations for safe transport and others comply only with the Sellafield site specific requirements. Introduction Packages to and from the Sellafield site need to comply with the IAEA regulations for safe transport and must meet the Sellafield site requirements. However, the IAEA regulations do not apply to packages within a licensed site. For on-site safe package operations compliance is required against Sellafield site specific procedures, standards and guidance. Package Management System There are a significant number and types of package transfers routinely undertaken safely on the Sellafield site. The packages range from small (18Kg) hand held sample castles to large complex (100Te) packages some with in-built gamma gates, mechanical interlocks and hoisting drive mechanisms. The Sellafield Package Management System (SPMS) efficiently manages package operations and includes for asset register, package tracking, operational history and maintenance. -
Onr Corporate Plan 2017/18 En Route to 2020
ONR CORPORATE PLAN 2017/18 EN ROUTE TO 2020 Office for Nuclear Regulation Corporate Plan 2017/18 Financial year 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018 Presented to Parliament pursuant to Paragraphs 23 and 25(3) of Schedule 7 to the Energy Act 2013 July 2017 © ONR copyright 2017 The text of this document (this excludes, where present, the Royal Arms and all departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium provided that it is reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as ONR copyright and the document title specified. Where third party material has been identified, permission from the respective copyright holder must be sought. Any enquiries related to this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications Print ISBN 9781474145695 Web ISBN 9781474145701 ID P002881793 06/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK for Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office CONTENTS 1. Foreword .........................................................................................................1 2. About this plan ..............................................................................................3 3. Our Operating Environment .........................................................................9 4. Our Strategic Themes and Key Activities ....................................................15 Influencing improvements -
October 24, 2011 Volume 25 Issue 43
October 24, 2011 Volume 25 Issue 43 A weekly publication of ® Ux Consulting www.uxc.com The Leading Source For Timely Market Information Ux U3O8 Price: (10/24/11) $51.75 (-$1.00) Third Quarter Spot Uranium Ux LT U3O8 Price: (9/26/11) Review $64.00 The third quarter of 2011 was gener- middle of the month before settling down Ux Weekly Uranium Spot Prices ally a calm one that witnessed some at $52.50 by the end of the month. US$/lb U3O8 © UxC price volatility and a moderate but con- Although the spot price was volatile $75 sistent stream of spot volume, as the during the quarter, the price ended only $70 number of transactions increased con- $0.25 lower than where it began during siderably but at lower average volumes. the first week of the quarter. $65 Classic supply/demand market funda- Buying Activity – As discussed be- $60 mentals were displayed on a small scale low, utility buying declined somewhat, $55 during the quarter, as demand declined but overall activity was notably higher during those times that price increased, $50 than that posted during the second quar- but increased when price fell. The spot $45 ter. This is interesting given that on price fell to its lowest level for the year at repeated occasions a number of partici- $40 the end of August before rebounding pants discussed views that activity was $35 slightly by the end of the quarter. Below or appeared to be slowing considerably. 09 10 11 is a brief review of some of the other Over the past quarter, there were a highlights from last quarter. -
Economics of Energy Resources Lecture Notes
Philadelphia University –Jordan Electrical Engineering Department Economics of Energy Resources Lecture Notes Dr.Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Lazim Al-Zuhairi [email protected] 2008-2009 1 Economics of Energy Resources Dr.Mohammed Towfeeq Chapter One Economics of energy resources 1 1.1 Introduction Economics of energy resources studies energy resources and energy conversion as well as energy utilization. It includes: studies various types and sources of energy existing in the nature highlighting their features, advantages and disadvantages. The studies will emphasis on converting the available energy resources into electrical form of energy. Demand of energy is derived from preferences for energy services and depends on properties of conversion technologies and costs. Energy commodities are economic substitutes. The study also recognizes: 1) energy is neither created nor destroyed but can be converted among forms (the First Law of Thermodynamics); 2) energy comes from the physical environment and ultimately returns there (the law of conservation of energy). Economics of Energy Energy economics is the field that studies human utilization of energy resources and energy commodities and the consequences of that utilization. In physical science terminology, “energy” is the capacity for doing work, e.g., lifting, accelerating, or heating material. In economic terminology, “energy” includes all energy commodities and energy resources, commodities or resources that embody significant amounts of physical energy and thus offer the ability to perform work. Energy commodities - e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, natural gas, propane, coal, or electricity – can be used to provide energy services for human activities, such as lighting, space heating, water heating, cooking, motives power, electronic activity and electric power generation. -
CHAPTER 6 Thermal-Hydraulic Design
1 CHAPTER 6 Thermal-Hydraulic Design Prepared by Dr. Nikola K. Popov Summary This chapter covers the thermal-hydraulic design of nuclear power plants with a focus on the primary and secondary sides of the nuclear steam supply system. This chapter covers the following topics: evolution of the reactor thermal-hydraulic system; key design requirements for the heat transport system; thermal-hydraulic design principles and margins; design details of the primary and secondary heat transport systems; fundamentals of two-phase flow; fundamentals of heat transfer and fluid flow in the reactor heat transport system; other related topics. ©UNENE, all rights reserved. For educational use only, no assumed liability. Thermal-Hydraulic Design – December 2015 2 The Essential CANDU Table of Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Overview....................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Learning outcomes........................................................................................................ 12 1.3 Summary of relationship to other chapters ................................................................... 12 1.4 Thermal-hydraulic design ............................................................................................. 12 2 Reactor Types ...................................................................................................................... -
Circulatic Steam Generator Installation Manual
STEAM GENERATORS CIRCULATIC® STEAM GENERATORS INSTALLATION MANUAL VAPOR POWER INTERNATIONAL 551 S. County Line Rd. Franklin Park, IL 60131 P: 630.694.5500 F: 630.694.2230 VaporPower.com Revised July 2005 Bulletin No. Printed in U.S.A. TWM5-AM-2 CIRCULATIC TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No. List of Figures ..................................................................................................................2 List of Tables ...................................................................................................................2 1.0 Introduction .....................................................................................................................3 2.0 Lifting and Handling .........................................................................................................4 3.0 Installation .......................................................................................................................8 4.0 Mounting .........................................................................................................................9 5.0 Clearances .................................................................................................................... 10 6.0 Combustion and Ventilation Air Requirements ............................................................... 12 7.0 Stack Installation ........................................................................................................... 13 8.0 Steam Output ...............................................................................................................