Fracking by the Numbers
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LNCS 7215, Pp
ACoreCalculusforProvenance Umut A. Acar1,AmalAhmed2,JamesCheney3,andRolyPerera1 1 Max Planck Institute for Software Systems umut,rolyp @mpi-sws.org { 2 Indiana} University [email protected] 3 University of Edinburgh [email protected] Abstract. Provenance is an increasing concern due to the revolution in sharing and processing scientific data on the Web and in other computer systems. It is proposed that many computer systems will need to become provenance-aware in order to provide satisfactory accountability, reproducibility,andtrustforscien- tific or other high-value data. To date, there is not a consensus concerning ap- propriate formal models or security properties for provenance. In previous work, we introduced a formal framework for provenance security and proposed formal definitions of properties called disclosure and obfuscation. This paper develops a core calculus for provenance in programming languages. Whereas previous models of provenance have focused on special-purpose languages such as workflows and database queries, we consider a higher-order, functional language with sums, products, and recursive types and functions. We explore the ramifications of using traces based on operational derivations for the purpose of comparing other forms of provenance. We design a rich class of prove- nance views over traces. Finally, we prove relationships among provenance views and develop some solutions to the disclosure and obfuscation problems. 1Introduction Provenance, or meta-information about the origin, history, or derivation of an object, is now recognized as a central challenge in establishing trust and providing security in computer systems, particularly on the Web. Essentially, provenance management in- volves instrumenting a system with detailed monitoring or logging of auditable records that help explain how results depend on inputs or other (sometimes untrustworthy) sources. -
Appendix B. Random Number Tables
Appendix B. Random Number Tables Reproduced from Million Random Digits, used with permission of the Rand Corporation, Copyright, 1955, The Free Press. The publication is available for free on the Internet at http://www.rand.org/publications/classics/randomdigits. All of the sampling plans presented in this handbook are based on the assumption that the packages constituting the sample are chosen at random from the inspection lot. Randomness in this instance means that every package in the lot has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample. It does not matter what other packages have already been chosen, what the package net contents are, or where the package is located in the lot. To obtain a random sample, two steps are necessary. First it is necessary to identify each package in the lot of packages with a specific number whether on the shelf, in the warehouse, or coming off the packaging line. Then it is necessary to obtain a series of random numbers. These random numbers indicate exactly which packages in the lot shall be taken for the sample. The Random Number Table The random number tables in Appendix B are composed of the digits from 0 through 9, with approximately equal frequency of occurrence. This appendix consists of 8 pages. On each page digits are printed in blocks of five columns and blocks of five rows. The printing of the table in blocks is intended only to make it easier to locate specific columns and rows. Random Starting Place Starting Page. The Random Digit pages numbered B-2 through B-8. -
Sabermetrics: the Past, the Present, and the Future
Sabermetrics: The Past, the Present, and the Future Jim Albert February 12, 2010 Abstract This article provides an overview of sabermetrics, the science of learn- ing about baseball through objective evidence. Statistics and baseball have always had a strong kinship, as many famous players are known by their famous statistical accomplishments such as Joe Dimaggio’s 56-game hitting streak and Ted Williams’ .406 batting average in the 1941 baseball season. We give an overview of how one measures performance in batting, pitching, and fielding. In baseball, the traditional measures are batting av- erage, slugging percentage, and on-base percentage, but modern measures such as OPS (on-base percentage plus slugging percentage) are better in predicting the number of runs a team will score in a game. Pitching is a harder aspect of performance to measure, since traditional measures such as winning percentage and earned run average are confounded by the abilities of the pitcher teammates. Modern measures of pitching such as DIPS (defense independent pitching statistics) are helpful in isolating the contributions of a pitcher that do not involve his teammates. It is also challenging to measure the quality of a player’s fielding ability, since the standard measure of fielding, the fielding percentage, is not helpful in understanding the range of a player in moving towards a batted ball. New measures of fielding have been developed that are useful in measuring a player’s fielding range. Major League Baseball is measuring the game in new ways, and sabermetrics is using this new data to find better mea- sures of player performance. -
The Pulitzer Prizes 2020 Winne
WINNERS AND FINALISTS 1917 TO PRESENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Excerpts from the Plan of Award ..............................................................2 PULITZER PRIZES IN JOURNALISM Public Service ...........................................................................................6 Reporting ...............................................................................................24 Local Reporting .....................................................................................27 Local Reporting, Edition Time ..............................................................32 Local General or Spot News Reporting ..................................................33 General News Reporting ........................................................................36 Spot News Reporting ............................................................................38 Breaking News Reporting .....................................................................39 Local Reporting, No Edition Time .......................................................45 Local Investigative or Specialized Reporting .........................................47 Investigative Reporting ..........................................................................50 Explanatory Journalism .........................................................................61 Explanatory Reporting ...........................................................................64 Specialized Reporting .............................................................................70 -
Effects of a Prescribed Fire on Oak Woodland Stand Structure1
Effects of a Prescribed Fire on Oak Woodland Stand Structure1 Danny L. Fry2 Abstract Fire damage and tree characteristics of mixed deciduous oak woodlands were recorded after a prescription burn in the summer of 1999 on Mt. Hamilton Range, Santa Clara County, California. Trees were tagged and monitored to determine the effects of fire intensity on damage, recovery and survivorship. Fire-caused mortality was low; 2-year post-burn survey indicates that only three oaks have died from the low intensity ground fire. Using ANOVA, there was an overall significant difference for percent tree crown scorched and bole char height between plots, but not between tree-size classes. Using logistic regression, tree diameter and aspect predicted crown resprouting. Crown damage was also a significant predictor of resprouting with the likelihood increasing with percent scorched. Both valley and blue oaks produced crown resprouts on trees with 100 percent of their crown scorched. Although overall tree damage was low, crown resprouts developed on 80 percent of the trees and were found as shortly as two weeks after the fire. Stand structural characteristics have not been altered substantially by the event. Long term monitoring of fire effects will provide information on what changes fire causes to stand structure, its possible usefulness as a management tool, and how it should be applied to the landscape to achieve management objectives. Introduction Numerous studies have focused on the effects of human land use practices on oak woodland stand structure and regeneration. Studies examining stand structure in oak woodlands have shown either persistence or strong recruitment following fire (McClaran and Bartolome 1989, Mensing 1992). -
Call Numbers
Call numbers: It is our recommendation that libraries NOT put J, +, E, Ref, etc. in the call number field in front of the Dewey or other call number. Use the Home Location field to indicate the collection for the item. It is difficult if not impossible to sort lists if the call number fields aren’t entered systematically. Dewey Call Numbers for Non-Fiction Each library follows its own practice for how long a Dewey number they use and what letters are used for the author’s name. Some libraries use a number (Cutter number from a table) after the letters for the author’s name. Other just use letters for the author’s name. Call Numbers for Fiction For fiction, the call number is usually the author’s Last Name, First Name. (Use a comma between last and first name.) It is usually already in the call number field when you barcode. Call Numbers for Paperbacks Each library follows its own practice. Just be consistent for easier handling of the weeding lists. WCTS libraries should follow the format used by WCTS for the items processed by them for your library. Most call numbers are either the author’s name or just the first letters of the author’s last name. Please DO catalog your paperbacks so they can be shared with other libraries. Call Numbers for Magazines To get the call numbers to display in the correct order by date, the call number needs to begin with the date of the issue in a number format, followed by the issue in alphanumeric format. -
Minorities and Women in Television See Little Change, While Minorities Fare Worse in Radio
RunningRunning inin PlacePlace Minorities and women in television see little change, while minorities fare worse in radio. By Bob Papper he latest figures from the RTNDA/Ball State Uni- Minority Population vs. Minority Broadcast Workforce versity Annual Survey show lit- 2005 2004 2000 1995 1990 tle change for minorities in tel- evision news in the past year but Minority Population in U.S. 33.2% 32.8% 30.9% 27.9% 25.9% slippage in radio news. Minority TV Workforce 21.2 21.8 21.0 17.1 17.8 TIn television, the overall minority Minority Radio Workforce 7.9 11.8 10.0 14.7 10.8 workforce remained largely un- Source for U.S. numbers: U.S. Census Bureau changed at 21.2 percent, compared with last year’s 21.8 percent. At non-Hispanic stations, the the stringent Equal Employment minority workforce in TV news is up minority workforce also remained Opportunity rules were eliminated in 3.4 percent. At the same time, the largely steady at 19.5 percent, com- 1998. minority population in the U.S. has pared with 19.8 percent a year ago. News director numbers were increased 7.3 percent. Overall, the After a jump in last year’s minority mixed, with the percentage of minor- minority workforce in TV has been at radio numbers, the percentage fell this ity TV news directors down slightly to 20 percent—plus or minus 3 per- year.The minority radio news work- 12 percent (from 12.5 percent last cent—for every year in the past 15. -
Tampa Bay Times Pulitzer Prize Winning Advocacy of Fluoridation
Tampa Bay Times Pulitzer Prize Winning Advocacy of Fluoridation Page Date Byline 2 03/17/2012 Reverse the decay of common sense 5 04/19/2012 Another City Steps Up for Dental Health 6 08/04/2012 Paying for Fluoride Four's foolishness 8 08/21/2012 Scott picks ideology over residents' health 10 09/20/2012 Brickfield strays from fluoride facts to defend his vote 12 10/12/2012 Bring Pinellas Commission Back to Mainstream 15 10/31/2012 The real cost of the fluoride fiasco 17 11/07/2012 Facts over fear in Pinellas commission races 18 11/27/2012 Welcome reversal on fluoride 20 02/28/2013 Scientific sense and fluoride 22 03/14/2013 Times' Tim Nickens wins Walker Stone Award for editorials 23 04/15/2013 Pulitzer, finalists are source of pride for Poynter 26 04/15/2013 Pulitzers Awarded to Times, Journal 29 04/15/2013 Tampa Bay Times wins Pulitzer, reacts to announcement 31 04/15/2013 Times' Tim Nickens, Daniel Ruth win Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing 34 04/15/2013 Times' winning Pulitzer Prize entry for Editorial Writing Reverse the decay of common sense | Tampa Bay Times 5/18/13 1:35 PM A Times Editorial Reverse the decay of common sense Saturday, March 17, 2012 4:30am This is a defining moment for Pinellas County, where Midwestern sensibilities run deep and extremism usually fails. It's been nearly three months since the county stopped putting fluoride in its drinking water. The reason: Four county commissioners sided with a handful of tea party followers, conspiracy theorists and a tiny antifluoride group misnamed Citizens for Safe Water. -
Precise Radioactivity Measurements a Controversy
http://cyclotron.tamu.edu Precise Radioactivity Measurements: A Controversy Settled Simultaneous measurements of x-rays and gamma rays emitted in radioactive nuclear decays probe how frequently excited nuclei release energy by ejecting an atomic electron THE SCIENCE Radioactivity takes several different forms. One is when atomic nuclei in an excited state release their excess energy (i.e., they decay) by emitting a type of electromagnetic radiation, called gamma rays. Sometimes, rather than a gamma ray being emitted, the nucleus conveys its energy electromagnetically to an atomic electron, causing it to be ejected at high speed instead. The latter process is called internal conversion and, for a particular radioactive decay, the probability of electron emission relative to that of gamma-ray emission is called the internal conversion coefficient (ICC). Theoretically, for almost all transitions, the ICC is expected to depend on the quantum numbers of the participating nuclear excited states and on the amount of energy released, but not on the sometimes obscure details of how the nucleus is structured. For the first time, scientists have been able to test the theory to percent precision, verifying its independence from nuclear structure. At the same time, the new results have guided theorists to make improvements in their ICC calculations. THE IMPACT For the decays of most known excited states in nuclei, only the gamma rays have been observed, so scientists have had to combine measured gamma-ray intensities with calculated ICCs in order to put together a complete picture known as a decay scheme, which includes the contribution of electron as well as gamma-ray emission, for every radioactive decay. -
Girls' Elite 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 S E a S O N by the Numbers
GIRLS' ELITE 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 S E A S O N BY THE NUMBERS COMPARING NORMAL SEASON TO 2020-21 NORMAL 2020-21 SEASON SEASON SEASON LENGTH SEASON LENGTH 6.5 Months; Dec - Jun 6.5 Months, Split Season The 2020-21 Season will be split into two segments running from mid-September through mid-February, taking a break for the IHSA season, and then returning May through mid- June. The season length is virtually the exact same amount of time as previous years. TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAM 25 Weeks; 157 Hours 25 Weeks; 156 Hours The training hours for the 2020-21 season are nearly exact to last season's plan. The training hours do not include 16 additional in-house scrimmage hours on the weekends Sep-Dec. Courtney DeBolt-Slinko returns as our Technical Director. 4 new courts this season. STRENGTH PROGRAM STRENGTH PROGRAM 3 Days/Week; 72 Hours 3 Days/Week; 76 Hours Similar to the Training Time, the 2020-21 schedule will actually allow for a 4 additional hours at Oak Strength in our Sparta Science Strength & Conditioning program. These hours are in addition to the volleyball-specific Training Time. Oak Strength is expanding by 8,800 sq. ft. RECRUITING SUPPORT RECRUITING SUPPORT Full Season Enhanced Full Season In response to the recruiting challenges created by the pandemic, we are ADDING livestreaming/recording of scrimmages and scheduled in-person visits from Lauren, Mikaela or Peter. This is in addition to our normal support services throughout the season. TOURNAMENT DATES TOURNAMENT DATES 24-28 Dates; 10-12 Events TBD Dates; TBD Events We are preparing for 15 Dates/6 Events Dec-Feb. -
Season 6, Episode 4: Airstream Caravan Tukufu Zuberi
Season 6, Episode 4: Airstream Caravan Tukufu Zuberi: Our next story investigates the exotic travels of this vintage piece of Americana. In the years following World War II, Americans took to the open road in unprecedented numbers. A pioneering entrepreneur named Wally Byam seized on this wanderlust. He believed his aluminium-skinned Airstream trailers could be vehicles for change, transporting Americans to far away destinations, and to a new understanding of their place in the world. In 1959, he dreamt up an outlandish scheme: to ship 41 Airstreams half way around the globe for a 14,000-mile caravan from Cape Town to the pyramids of Egypt. Nearly 50 years later, Doug and Suzy Carr of Long Beach, California, think these fading numbers and decal may mean their vintage Airstream was part of this modern day wagon train. Suzy: We're hoping that it's one of forty-one Airstreams that went on a safari in 1959 and was photographed in front of the pyramids. Tukufu: I’m Tukufu Zuberi, and I’ve come to Long Beach to find out just how mobile this home once was. Doug: Hi, how ya doing? Tukufu: I'm fine. How are you? I’m Tukufu Zuberi. Doug: All right. I'm Doug Carr. This is my wife Suzy. Suzy: Hey, great to meet you. Welcome to Grover Beach. Tukufu: How you doing? You know, this is a real funky cool pad. Suzy: It's about as funky as it can be. Tukufu: What do you have for me? Suzy: Well, it all started with a neighbor, and he called over and said, “I believe you have a really famous trailer.” He believed that ours was one of a very few that in 1959 had gone on a safari with Wally Byam. -
Basic Combinatorics
Basic Combinatorics Carl G. Wagner Department of Mathematics The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-1300 Contents List of Figures iv List of Tables v 1 The Fibonacci Numbers From a Combinatorial Perspective 1 1.1 A Simple Counting Problem . 1 1.2 A Closed Form Expression for f(n) . 2 1.3 The Method of Generating Functions . 3 1.4 Approximation of f(n) . 4 2 Functions, Sequences, Words, and Distributions 5 2.1 Multisets and sets . 5 2.2 Functions . 6 2.3 Sequences and words . 7 2.4 Distributions . 7 2.5 The cardinality of a set . 8 2.6 The addition and multiplication rules . 9 2.7 Useful counting strategies . 11 2.8 The pigeonhole principle . 13 2.9 Functions with empty domain and/or codomain . 14 3 Subsets with Prescribed Cardinality 17 3.1 The power set of a set . 17 3.2 Binomial coefficients . 17 4 Sequences of Two Sorts of Things with Prescribed Frequency 23 4.1 A special sequence counting problem . 23 4.2 The binomial theorem . 24 4.3 Counting lattice paths in the plane . 26 5 Sequences of Integers with Prescribed Sum 28 5.1 Urn problems with indistinguishable balls . 28 5.2 The family of all compositions of n . 30 5.3 Upper bounds on the terms of sequences with prescribed sum . 31 i CONTENTS 6 Sequences of k Sorts of Things with Prescribed Frequency 33 6.1 Trinomial Coefficients . 33 6.2 The trinomial theorem . 35 6.3 Multinomial coefficients and the multinomial theorem . 37 7 Combinatorics and Probability 39 7.1 The Multinomial Distribution .