9780521772303 Index.Pdf

Cambridge University Press 0521772303 - An Introduction to Arabic Literature Roger Allen Index More information

Index

NOTE: The majority of technical terms in this index are listed under their English names, with cross-references to their Arabic equivalents (as far as they exist).

Al-A¯ba¯ wa-al-banu¯n  Abu¯Rı¯shah, Umar  Abba¯s ibn al-Ahnaf ,  Abu¯ Shabakah, Ilya¯s ,  ·  Abba¯s, Sha¯h Abu¯Sha¯dı¯, Ah·mad Zakı¯ Abba¯sah, sister of Ha¯ru¯n al-Rashı¯d  Abu¯Ta¯lib      ·     Abba¯sı¯ caliphs (Banu¯ al- Abba¯s) , – , , Abu¯ Tamma¯m, H· abı¯b ibn Aws , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , ,      Abd al-H· akı¯m, Shawqı¯ Abu¯ Ubaydah , , Abd al-hamı¯d al-Ka¯tib , , , , ,  Abu¯Zayd,Nasr Ha¯mid  ·  · · Abdalla¯h, Yah·ya al-T· a¯hir Abyad·,Ju¯rj Abd al-majı¯d, Sultan  adab, see belles-lettres and literature Abd al-malik, caliph , , , ,  al-A¯ da¯b ,    Adab al-ka¯tib   Abd al-na¯s·ir, Jama¯l (President Nasser) , , , , , ,  Adab al-kutta¯b,      Abd al-quddu¯s,Ih·san Adam , , Abd al-rahma¯n III , ,  Aden  ·       Abd al-s·abu¯r,S· ala¯h· , , , Adı¯ ibn Zayd , Abd al-satta¯r Efendı¯  al-Adı¯b fı¯ al-su¯q ,    ¯  Abduh, Muh·ammad , al- Ad·id, Fa¯t·imı¯ caliph Abı¯d ibn al-Abras  Adonis, myth of   ·      Abraham Adu¯nı¯s ( Alı¯Ah·mad Sa ¯d)ı , , , , , Abs (tribe)  –, ,      Abu¯ Amr ibn al- Ala¯ , , Adwa¯n, Mamdu¯h· Afa¯ı¯ firdaws  Abu¯al-Ata¯hiyah, Abu¯Ish·a¯q ibn al-Qa¯sim –,  Afghanistan  ff   Abu¯al-H· asan al-mugha al aw Ha¯ru¯n al-Rashı¯d al-Afgha¯nı¯, Jama¯l al-dı¯n al-Asada¯ba¯dı¯ Abu¯ Bakr, caliph ,  Aflaq, Michel  Abu¯Dı¯b, Kama¯l [Abou Deeb]  Africa , , , , , , , , , , Abu¯ Dibs, Munı¯r  ,  Abu¯Fira¯s al-Hamda¯nı¯  Aghlabı¯ dynasty  ·  Abu¯H· anı¯fah agriculture Abu¯ Jadrah, Rashı¯d ,  Ahl al-Kahf , – Abu¯Ma¯d¯,ı I¯liyya¯ ,  ahl al-kita¯b see People of the Book ·   Abu¯ Muslim Ah·mad al-Danaf Abu¯Na¯dir, Maurice  Ahsan al-taqa¯sém fı¯marifat al-aqa¯lı¯m  ·     ¯·   Abu¯ Nuwa¯s, al-H· asan ibn Ha¯ni , , , , A ishah (wife of Prophet Muh·ammad) , , , , , , , , , , Aja¯ib al-a¯tha¯r fı¯ al-tara¯jim wa-al-akhba¯r  , ,  Ajı¯b wa-gharı¯b  

 Index

  al- Ajja¯j al-Aqs·a¯Mosque Akhba¯r al-zama¯n  Arab League (League of Arab States) , , , Akhba¯r izbat al-Minaysı¯  , ,      al-Akht·al , , , Arab nationalism, see nationalism Aladdin , ,  Arabian (Persian) Gulf , ,  ¯  Alam bi-la¯khara¯ it· Arabian Nights, see Thousand and One Nights Aleppo , , , , , ,  Arabian Peninsula , , , , , , , , Alexander, King  , , , , , , , , , , Alexandria , ,  , , , ,  Algeria , , , , , , , , ,  Arabic language viii, , , , , , , , , Alhambra Palace ,  , , , , , , , , , Alı¯Ba¯ba¯ ,  ,  Alı¯, caliph , , , ,  colloquial dialects (al-a¯mmiyyah) , , , Alı¯ Bey al-Kabı¯r  , , , , , , ,  Alı¯Jana¯h al-Tabrı¯zı¯ wa-ta¯biuhu Quﬀah  grammar , , , , , , , , , Alı¯ Zaybaq  , , , , , , , , Alif  ,  ¯  al-fusha¯      al- Alim, Mah·mu¯d Amı¯n literary Arabic ( ·· ) , , , , , allegory , , ,  ,   tarı¯b  Almohads (Muwah·h·idu¯n) arabicisation ( ) Almoravids  Aristotle , , ,  almsgiving (zaka¯t)  al-Arjı¯ ,  Alqamah ibn Abadah ,  Arkhas laya¯lı¯  ¯    ﬁ·      al-Amidı¯, Abu¯ al-qa¯sim , , arti ce (·san ah) , , , , Amı¯n, Qa¯sim  al-Arwı¯ (Laroui), Abdalla¯h     al-Amı¯n, caliph , as· a¯lah·  Asda¯ al-sı¯rah al-dha¯tiyyah  al-Amı¯r al-S· an a¯nı¯ · Amı¯rat al-Andalus  al-Asha¯ , , ,  ¯    Amr ibn al- As· , al-Ash arı¯, Sa d ibn Abdalla¯h Amr ibn Kulthu¯m , ,  A¯ shu¯r,Numa¯n  Amr ibn Qamı¯ah ,  al-Askarı¯, Abu¯ Hila¯l , , ,      Amr, King of al-H· ı¯rah al-As·ma ¯,ı Abd al-malik , , amu¯d al-shir ,  al-Asmaiyya¯t   ·  Ana¯ah· ya¯ Asra¯r al-bala¯ghah analogy (qiya¯s)  Assa¯f, Roger , ,    Ana¯ummak ya¯Sha¯kir Assassins (·hashı¯shiyyı¯n) Anatolia , , ,  association with God (shirk)  Al-Andalus (Spain) , , , , , , , , astronomy ,            , , , , , , , , , Aswa¯q al-ashwa¯q fı¯mas· a¯ri al-ushsha¯q , , , , , , ,  Ataturk (Mustafa¯Kama¯l) ,         ¯ ··  anecdote (khabar) , , , , – , , al- A·til al-h· a¯lı¯ wa-al-murakhkhas· al-gha¯lı¯ , , , , , , ,  Atlantic Ocean  al-A¯ nı¯, Yu¯suf  Atlas Mountains    Anı¯s, Abd al- az·¯mı At·t·a¯r (Persian poet) al-Ansa¯rı¯, Sharaf al-dı¯n  al-Atta¯r, Shaykh Hasan  ·   ·· ·  Antarah , At·wa¯q al-dhahab fı¯ al-mawa¯ iz· wa-al-adab, antithesis (tiba¯q) ,  audience, see reception ·     Ant·u¯n, Farah· , , Austria Anu¯shirwa¯n  autobiography , , , ,     aphorism (·hikmah) , , Averroes, see ibn Rushd Apollo Society  Awa¯rif al-maa¯rif  Aql, Sa¯dı ,  Awdat al-ru¯h  ·  al-Aqla¯m Awdat al-t·a¯ ir ila¯ al-bah· r al-Aqqa¯d, Abba¯s Mahmu¯d , , , , Awla¯d ha¯ratina¯ ,   · ·  Aws ibn H· ajar

Index 

Awwa¯d, Tawfı¯q Yu¯suf , , ,  Basu¯s, War of , ,  Al-Aydı¯ al-na¯imah  baya¯n (clear expression) ,  Ayn Ja¯lu¯t  Baya¯n ija¯z al-Qura¯n  ayya¯m al-arab (accounts of tribal wars) , al-Baya¯tı¯, Abd al-wahha¯b , ,  ,  Baybars  al-Ayya¯m  Baydas, Khalı¯l  Ayya¯m al-insa¯n al-sabah  Bayezid I     Ayyu¯b,Dhu¯ al-nu¯n , Bayn al-qas· rayn Ayyu¯bı¯ dynasty  Bayru¯t ’      al-Azhar (mosque-university) , Bayt al-h·ikmah (The House of Wisdom) , Azu¯rı¯, Najı¯b  Bedouin , , , , , , , ,  Azza¯m, Samı¯rah ,  Beirut , ,  belles-lettres (adab) , , –, , , –, Baalbakkı¯, Layla¯ ,  , , , ,     al-Ba¯b al-Maftu¯h· Berber language , Ba¯bu¯r  Bible ,  Bada¯i al-zuhu¯r fı¯waqa¯i al-duhu¯r  Bida¯yah wa-niha¯yah   Al-Bida¯yah wa-al-niha¯yah  al-Badawı¯, Mah·mu¯d badı¯ –, , , , ,  biography (sı¯rah) , , , , , ,  Baghda¯d , , , , , , , , , , , al-Biqa¯ı¯  , , , , , , , , , Bı¯r al-qamh          ·  , , , , , , , , al-Bist·amı¯, Abu¯Yazı¯d Bahrain  Blachère, Régis    al-Bah· th an Walı¯d Mas ¯du Bloom, Harold  fakhr       Ba¯kathı¯r, Alı¯Ah·mad boasting ( ) , , , , , Al-Bakhı¯l  boon-companion (nadı¯m, pl. nudama¯) , , Bakr, Salwa¯   Bakr, tribe , ,  Brazil  al-Bala¯dhurı¯  Brecht, Berthold  Balfour Declaration  Britain , , , ,  Bandung Conference  Brockelmann, Carl      Bangladesh al-Buh·turı¯, al-Walı¯d ibn Ubayd , , , Bank al-qalaq  , , ,  al-Banna¯, Hasan ,  al-Bukha¯rı¯, Muhammad ibn Isma¯¯lı ,  ·   · Bannı¯s, Muh·ammad , Bu¯la¯q Press Banu¯al-Abba¯s (Abbasids), see Abba¯sı¯ Burdah (mantle of the Prophet) , , , , Banu¯ Ghassa¯n (Ghassanids)   Banu¯ Hila¯l  bureaucrat (ka¯tib) , , , –, , , Banu¯ Hudhayl  , ,  Banu¯Lakhm (Lakhmids)  Bursa  Banu¯ Udhrah  Burton, Sir Richard ,    Banu¯ Umayyah (Umayyads), see Umawı¯ al-Bu¯s·¯rı¯,ı Alı¯ ibn Muh·ammad , Al-Ba¯qı¯ min al-zaman sa¯ah  al-Busta¯nı¯, Sa¯dı  al-Ba¯qilla¯nı¯ , , ,  Byzantium , , , ,   Baraka¯t, H· alı¯m bard (ra¯wı¯) , , , , ,  Cairo , , , , , , , , , , , al-Barq al-Sha¯mı¯  , , , , , , , , ,            Barra¯dah, Muh·ammad , , , , , , , , , al-Ba¯ru¯dı¯, Mahmu¯d Sa¯mı¯  Calcutta  ·           al-Bas· a¯ ir wa-al-dhakha¯ ir caliphate , , , – , , , , Bashsha¯r ibn Burd , , , , , , Cambridge  ,  Caton, Steven  Bası¯su¯, Mu¯nı  censorship , , , ,              al-Bas·rah , , , , , , , , , , Ceylon , , , , , , ,  Chad , 

 Index

chancery (dı¯wa¯n al-rasa¯il) ,  drama , , , , –,  Charles Martel  al-Dua¯jı¯, Alı¯  Chekov, Anton ,  al-Dualı¯, Abu¯ al-aswad  Chester  dubayt ,  China , , , , ,  al-Duktu¯r Ibra¯hı¯m  chivalry (muruwwah) , , ,  Dumas, Alexandre  Chosroes (Kisra¯) ,  Dunqul, Amal            Christians , , , , , , , , , Durayd ibn al-S· immah , , , , , ,  cinema  education  city , , , ,  Egypt , , , , , , , , , , , ,              classes, categories (·tabaqa¯t) , , , , , , , , , , , , comedy  , , , , , , , , , college (madrasah)  , , , , , , , commitment (iltiza¯m) , , ,  –, –, , , , , , Constantinople , ,   Copts  elegy (ritha¯) , , , , –, ,  Cordoba , , , , , , ,  Eliot, T.S.  council (majlis) , , ,  eloquence (bala¯ghah) , , , , ,  criticism , , , , , , , , , , emigration (hijrah)  , , , , – Ephesus  Crusades , , , , , ,  epistle (risa¯lah) , , , ,  Ctesiphon ,  Ethiopia  eulogy (madı¯h) see panegyric  ·  Da¯h·is and Ghabra¯ , War of Euphrates , Dala¯il al-ija¯z  exegesis, see tafsı¯r Damascus , , , , , , , , , exile , , , , , , ,  , , ,  Ezbekiyya Gardens ,  al-Daqqa¯q  Da¯r al-Kutub  Fadl, Sala¯h     · · ·  Da¯r al-t·ira¯z , , al-Fa¯khu¯rı¯, Umar    Fa¯kihat al-khulafa¯ wa-mufa¯kahat al-zurafa¯  Darwı¯sh, Mah·mu¯d , , David (Biblical King)  Fann al-Shir  Decius, emperor  al-Fa¯ra¯bı¯, Abu¯Nasr Muhammad , ,    · · departure (rah·¯lı ) Al-Fara¯fı¯r wasf     description ( · ) , – Farah·, Iskandar Description de l’Egypte  Faraj, Alfred , ,  desert (ba¯diyah) , , , , , , , , al-Faraj bad al-shiddah ,  , ,  al-Farazdaq , , , – Dha¯kirat al-jasad   Farh·at, Ilya¯s Dhamm al-hawa¯  Fa¯ru¯q (Farouk), King of Egypt  Dha¯t al-khidr  Fa¯s (Fez) , ,  dhikr  fasa¯hah   (S· u¯fı¯ ritual) · · (purity of language) , Dhu¯ al-nu¯n al-Misrı¯ ,  Fasl al-maqa¯l  ·   ·  Dhu¯ al-Rummah, Ghayla¯n ibn Uqbah , , fasting (·sawm)  Fa¯timah, daughter of Muhammad   ·    ·  Dhubya¯n (tribe) Fa¯t·imı¯ dynasty , , , , dictations (Ama¯lı¯)  Fawwa¯z, Zaynab  dictionaries, see lexicography Fayru¯z (singer)  diglossia  al-Fayru¯za¯ba¯dı¯, Majd al-dı¯n  al-Dı¯wa¯n     , al-Faytu¯rı¯, Muh·ammad , Dı¯wa¯n al-Zanj  Fernando of Aragon   Dı¯wa¯n Sı¯dı¯ Abd al-rah· ma¯n al-Majdhu¯b Fez, see Fa¯s  Fı¯ al-adab al-ja¯hilı¯  Diya¯b, Mah·mu¯d Dome of the Rock  Fı¯ al-manfa¯ 

Index 

Fı¯ al-mı¯za¯n al-jadı¯d  Hadı¯th al-arbaa¯    · ¯    Fı¯ al-shi r al-ja¯hilı¯ , H· adı¯th Isa¯ ibn Hisha¯m , , Fı¯ al-thaqa¯fah al-Misriyyah  hadrah (Su¯fı¯ ceremony), ,  fi   ·      · · fi ·  ction , , , , , – , H· a¯ z·, Persian poet fida¯iyyı¯n  Ha¯fiz,Sabrı¯    · fl · ·  figurative language (maja¯z) , H· a at samr min ajl al-kha¯mis min H· uzayra¯n al-Fihrist    (ibn al-Nadim) , H· afs·ah bint al-H· a¯jj al-Raku¯niyyah al-Fikr (magazine)  Haifa        form (lafz· ) , , , , , ·hajj see pilgrimage France , , , , , , , ,  al-Hakamı¯, Uma¯rah ibn Abı¯al-Hasan   · · Frazer, Sir James ·hakawa¯tı¯, see story-teller shir hurr      free verse ( · ) , Al-H· akawa¯tı¯ Troupe , , French language , ,  al-Hakı¯m, Tawfı¯q , , –, , , ,  ·  Fuh· ¯lau ¯t al-shu ara¯ al-funu¯n al-sabah (‘The Seven Types’) – al-Halla¯j, Mansu¯r , , , ,  · · al-fus··ha¯ (literary Arabic), see Arabic language H· alla¯q Baghda¯d Fusta¯t ,  al-Hamadha¯nı¯, Badı¯ al-zama¯n , ,  · ·     Fus· ¯lu (magazine) al-H· ama¯sah , , Fus¯su al-hikam     · · · al-H· amda¯nı¯, rulers of Aleppo , , al-Futuha¯t al-Makkiyyah  Hamı¯d, Lahmada¯nı¯  · · ·  H· amma¯d al-Ra¯wiyah Galland, Antoine , , –, , ,  Haqqı¯, Yahya¯ , , ,     · ·   gardens , – al-H· arı¯rı¯,Abu¯Muh·ammad al-Qa¯sim – misr    garrison ( · ) , al-H· a¯rith ibn H· illizah geneaology , , , ,  Ha¯ru¯n al-Rashı¯d, caliph , , , , , generosity (kara¯mah) , , ,  , , , ,    Genoa H· asan wa-Na ¯mahı genre (gharad) , , , , , , , , Al-Hasan, grandson of Muhammad   ·       ·   · , , , , , , , , al-H· asan al-Bas·rı¯ , , , , , , ,  Ha¯shim, Labı¯bah              geography , , , , , – , H· assa¯n ibn Tha¯bit , , , Gha¯dat umm al-qura¯  Ha¯tim al-Ta¯ı¯   · ·   Gha¯nim, Fathı¯ H· a¯wı¯, Khalı¯ll –  Hawwa¯ bi-la¯A¯dam  al-Gharı¯d· (singer) · al-Ghaza¯lı¯, Abu¯Ha¯mid Muhammad , , Haykal, Muhammad Husayn , ,    · · ·  · , , H· ayy ibn Yaqz· a¯n al-Ghaza¯lı¯, Zaynab  Herodotus  al-Ghı¯ta¯nı¯, Jama¯l ,  heroism (hama¯sah) , , , ,  ·   ·  al-Ghirba¯l , ·hida¯ (camel-driver’s song) al-Ghuzu¯lı¯ ,  Hija¯zı¯, Ahmad Abd al-mutı¯ , ,   · ·  · Gibb, H.A.R. H· ija¯zı¯, Abd al-nabı¯ Gibraltar  al-Hija¯zı¯, Shaykh Sala¯mah   ·  Goethe H· ika¯yat Zahrah Gogol, Nikolai  Hildegard of Bingen  Golan Heights  al-Hillı¯, Safı¯ al-dı¯n , , , , ,   · ·   Goldziher, Ignaz al-H· ı¯rah , , grammar, see under Arabic language Hisha¯m, caliph  Granada , , , , , , ,  history (ta¯rı¯kh) , , , , , , ,  Greek learning , , , , , – dynastic , – intellectual             H· abı¯bı¯, Emile – , writing of , , , , , , ,  hizb ahza¯b H· adda¯d, Nı¯qu¯la¯ · , pl. · (section of the Qur a¯n; also, hadı¯th (tradition concerning the Prophet) , , political party)  , , , , , , –, , , homiletic poem (zuhdiyyah) , , , –, , , ,  

 Index

      homosexuality Muh·ammad , , , , , hospitality ,  –,    Hourani, Albert ibn Khallika¯n, Ah·mad ibn Muh·ammad Huart, Clement  ibn al-Khat¯b,ı Lisa¯n al-dı¯n   · Hu¯hu¯,Ah·mad Rid·a¯ ibn Khurrada¯dhbih, Ubaydalla¯h ibn Qa¯sim Hu¯la¯gu¯Kha¯n   Hungary  ibn al-Mahdı¯, Ibra¯hı¯m  hunt poem (tardiyyah), , , – ibn Ma¯lik al-Hamawı¯  ·   ·  Al-H· usayn, grandson of Muh·ammad , ibn Manz·u¯r,Muh·ammad ibn Mukarram Husayn, Ra¯shid  ibn al-Muja¯wir  ·       ﬀ   H· usayn, T· a¯ha¯ , , , , , , ibn al-Muqa a , Abdalla¯h (Ru¯zbı¯h) , , –,  ,  al-Husrı¯, Sa¯ti  ibn al-Mutazz, Abdalla¯h , , , , , · · ·     al-H· ut·ay ah , – , ibn al-Nadı¯m, Muhammad ibn Isha¯q ,    ·  · ibn Abba¯d, al-S· a¯h·ib , ibn Nuba¯tah al-Mis·rı¯ ibn Abd al-hakam  ibn Qays al-Ruqayya¯t  ·    ibn Abd al-quddu¯s,S· a¯lih· ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah , ibn Abd Rabbihi , , ,  ibn Qutaybah, Abdalla¯h , , –, , ibn Abı¯ al-Dunya¯  , , ,  ibn Abı¯ al-Isba  ibn Quzma¯n , ,  ·   ibn Abı¯T· a¯hir T· ayfu¯r ibn Raqı¯q al-Qayrawa¯nı¯ ibn al-Amı¯d, Abu¯ al-fadl  ibn Rashı¯q, Hasan , , , , – ·  ·     ibn al- Amı¯d, Abu¯ al-fath· ibn al-Ru¯mı¯, Alı¯ ibn al- Abba¯s , , , , ibn Arabsha¯h         ibn al- Arabı¯, Muh·yı¯ al-dı¯n , , , , ibn Rushd, Abu¯al-Walı¯d , –, ,  ibn Sa¯d,ı Alı¯ ibn Mu¯sa¯  ibn Asa¯kir, Alı¯ ibn al-Hasan  ibn Salla¯m al-Jumahı¯ ,  ·     ·    ibn al-Athı¯r, D· iya¯ al-dı¯n , , – ibn Sana¯ al-Mulk , , , ibn al-Athı¯r, Izz al-dı¯n  ibn Shuhayd, Ahmad ibn Marwa¯n ,   ·  ibn al-Azraq, Ah·mad ibn al-Sikkı¯t, Ya qu¯b ibn Ba¯dı¯s, Abd al-hamı¯d  ibn Sı¯na¯, Abu¯ Alı¯al-Husayn –, , , ·   · ibn Bat·t·u¯t·ah, Muh·ammad ibn Abdalla¯h ,  ibn Surayj (singer)    ibn Da¯niya¯l, Shams al-dı¯n Muh·ammad ibn T· aba¯t·aba¯ ibn Darra¯j  ibn Taymiyyah, Taqı¯ al-dı¯n ,  ibn Fadla¯n, Ahmad ibn Hamma¯d  ibn Tufayl, Muhammad ibn Abd al-malik  · ·  ,·  · ·  ibn al-Fa¯rid·, Umar – ibn T· ulu¯n,Ah·mad ibn Fa¯ris, Ahmad  ibn Zaydu¯n, Abdalla¯h ,  ·  ﬁ      ibn H· abı¯b, Abd al-malik Ibra¯hı¯m, H· a¯ z· , , , , ibn Hadu¯qah, Abd al-hamı¯d  Ibra¯hı¯m al-ka¯tib  ·   ibn H· amdı¯s, Abu¯ Bakr Muh·ammad Ibra¯hı¯m, S· un alla¯h ibn Hanbal, Ahmad ,  al-Ibshı¯hı¯  · ·  ¯  ibn Ha¯ni ,Muh·ammad Id, Azı¯z ibn Hawqal Abu¯al-qa¯sim  al-Idka¯wı¯  ·       ibn H· azm, Alı¯ , – , Idlibı¯, Ulfat , ibn Hisha¯m, Abdalla¯h ibn Yu¯suf  Idrı¯s, Suhayl ,          ibn Ish·a¯q, Muh·ammad Idrı¯s, Yu¯suf – , , , , – ibn Iya¯s, Ahmad ,  al-Idrı¯sı¯,Muhammad ,  ·   ·  ibn al-Jawzı¯, Abu¯ al-faraj , al-Ih· a¯t·ah fı¯ akhba¯r Gharnat·ah   Ihya¯ulu¯m al-dı¯n   ibn Jubayr, Muh·ammad ibn Ah·mad , · – ibn Juzayy  Ija¯z al-Qura¯n (the inimitable nature of the ibn Kathı¯r, Isma¯¯lı  Qura¯n) , , , –,  ibn Khafa¯jah ,  ijtiha¯d (independent judgement)   ibn Khaldu¯n, Abd al-rah·ma¯n ibn Ikhla¯s·¯,ı Walı¯d

Index 

Ikhshı¯dı¯ dynasty  Jarı¯r , , , – Ikhtiyyeh  al-Jawa¯hirı¯, Muhammad  ·  ·  al- Ilj, Ah·mad T· ayyib al-Jawbarı¯, Abd al-rah·ma¯n Ilkha¯n dynasty  al-Jazarı¯, ibn Sayqal           ff · image (·s¯rahu ) , , , , , , , , , Je rey, Arthur , , , , , , , , , Jerusalem , , , , , ,  , ,  Jesus , , ,  imagination ,  jiha¯d (spiritual effort) ,  imitation (taqlı¯d) see traditionalism al-Jı¯la¯nı¯, Abd al-qa¯dir  Imru al-Qays , , , , , , ,  Jinkiz (Gengis) Kha¯n  Imraah inda nuqtat sifr  Jordan , , , ,  · ·  Imra¯n ibn Hit·t·a¯n Joseph (Biblical) India , , , ,  Jubra¯n, Jubra¯n Khalı¯l ,    Indian Ocean Juh·a¯ vii, Indonesia ,  Julian of Norwich  insha¯ dı¯wa¯nı¯ (chancery-composition) – Jundisha¯pu¯r  Al-Iqd al-farı¯d    , al-Junayd, Abu¯ al-qa¯sim ibn Muh·ammad , Iran , , , , ,   Iranian Revolution , ,  June War () , , , , , , , Iraq , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , , jurisprudence (fiqh) , ,  , , , , ,  al-Jurja¯nı¯, Abd al-qa¯hir , , , –, Irsha¯d al-arab   Isabella of Castille  al-Jurja¯nı¯, Alı¯ (al-Qa¯d¯)ı , ,   ·  Is·faha¯n al-Juwaynı¯, Sa d al-dı¯n al-Isfaha¯nı¯, Abu¯ al-faraj ,  juz, pl. ajza¯ (section of the Qura¯n)  ·  al-Is·faha¯nı¯, Ima¯d al-dı¯n Ishta¯r  Kab ibn Zuhayr , – Islam , , , , , , , , , , , , Kabah  , , , , , , , , , , Ka¯fu¯r ,  ,  Kalı¯lah wa-Dimnah       Isma¯ ı¯l, Khedive of Egypt , , , Ka¯mil, Mus·t·afa¯ Isma¯¯l,ı Izz al-dı¯n  al-Ka¯mil   al-Ka¯mil fı¯ al-tarı¯kh  Isma¯ ı¯l (S· afavı¯ ruler) Isma¯¯lıı ¯s (Shı¯ı¯sect) ,  ka¯n wa-ka¯n (type of popular poem)  isna¯d (chain of authorities) , ,  Kanafa¯nı¯, Ghassa¯n  Israel , , , , , , ,  karagöz (puppet theatre) ,  Istanbul , , ,  Karbala¯ ,    al-Is·t·akhrı¯ Karlowitz, Treaty of Italy , ,  al-Karnak  Iya¯r al-shir  al-Kassa¯r, Alı¯  ka¯tib see bureaucrat al-Jabal, Badawı¯  Al-Ka¯tib  al-Jabartı¯, Abd al-rahma¯n ,  Kawa¯bı¯s Bayru¯t  ·  Jabba¯rah, Raymond al-Kawa¯kibı¯, Abd al-rah·ma¯n al-Ja¯birı¯, Shakı¯b  Kermode, Frank  Jabra¯, Jabra¯ Ibra¯hı¯m , ,  Khadı¯jah (wife of Muhammad)       · Ja far al-Barmakı¯ , , , al-Khad·ir al-ja¯hiliyyah, see period of ignorance al-Khafa¯jı¯, ibn Sina¯n         al-Ja¯h·iz· ( Amr ibn Bah·r) , , – , , , al-Khafa¯jı¯, Shiha¯b al-dı¯n , , , , , , ,  al-Kha¯l, Yu¯suf ,  al-Jahshiya¯rı¯, Muhammad ibn Abdu¯s  Khalaf al-Ahmar  ·   · Jala¯l, Muh·ammad Uthma¯n , Kha¯lid al-Barmakı¯, minister of the caliph al- Jamı¯l Buthaynah , ,  Mahdı¯  al-Jarı¯dah  Kha¯lid ibn al-Walı¯d 

 Index

Khalı¯fah, Sahar  Konya  ·                  al-Khalı¯l ibn Ah·mad , , , , , , , al-Ku¯fah , , , , , , , , , ,  ,  al-Khansa¯ ,  al-Ku¯fı¯, Shams al-dı¯n     kharjah (‘envoi’ of muwashshah· poem) , al-Kumayt ibn Zayd  Ku¯mı¯diya¯U¯dı¯b aw anta illı¯ atalt al-wahsh  al-Kharra¯t·, Edwar · al-Khat¯bı al-Baghda¯dı¯ ,  al-Ku¯nı¯, Ibra¯hı¯m ,  ·   al-Khat·t·a¯bı¯, H· amd ibn Muh·ammad Kurds al-Khawa¯rij (sing. kha¯rijı¯) , , ,  Kutchuk Kainardji, Treaty of     khaya¯l al-z· ill (shadow play) Kuthayyir Azzah , Khazandar, Sharı¯f  kutta¯b (Qura¯n school)  Al-Khitat al-Tawfı¯qiyyah al-jadı¯dah  Kuwait , ,  · ·  Al-Khubz al-h· a¯fı¯ Khu¯ra¯sa¯n , , ,  La Fontaine, Jean de  al-Khu¯rı¯, Bisha¯rah  Labı¯d ibn Rabı¯ah , , , ,  Khu¯rı¯, Colette  Lamartine, Alphonse Marie  Khu¯rı¯, Ilya¯s ,  lampoon (hija¯) , , , , , , –, al-Khu¯rı¯, Ra¯fı  , ,  al-Khu¯rı¯, Rashı¯d  Lane, Edward , , ,  al-Khwa¯rizmı¯, Abu¯ Bakr ,  language academies (maja¯miilmiyyah)  Kilito, Abdelfattah ,  Laroui, Abdallah, see al-Arwı¯)    Kilpatrick, Hilary La¯shı¯n, Mah·mu¯d T· a¯hir ,  Lata¯if al-maa¯rif  al-Kindı¯, Ya qu¯b ibn Ish·a¯q · al-Kisa¯¯,ı Alı¯ ibn Hamzah  Latin  Kita¯b al-adab al-kabı¯r  law , , , , ,  Kita¯b al-agha¯nı¯ (Book of Songs) ,  Sharı¯ah ,  Kita¯b ansa¯b al-ashra¯f  Laya¯lı¯ Alf Laylah ,  Kita¯b al-ayn  Layla¯ al-Akhyaliyyah  Kita¯b al-badı¯ , , ,  al-La¯z  Kita¯b Baghda¯d  Lebanon , , , , , , , , , , , Kita¯b al-baya¯n wa-al-tabyı¯n ,  , , , , , , , , Kita¯b al-bukhala¯  , , , ,  Kita¯b al-bulda¯n  Leder, Stefan  Kita¯b futu¯h al-bulda¯n  lexicography , , , , ,  ·         Kita¯b al-h· ayawa¯n , , , Libya , , , Kita¯b al-ibar wa-dı¯wa¯n al-mubtada wa-al-khabar fı¯ Lings, Martin  ayya¯m al-Arab  Lisa¯n al-arab     Kita¯b al-imta¯ wa-al-mu a¯nasah , al-Lis··s wa-al-kila¯b Kita¯b al-itiba¯r  literature (adab) , , , , ,  Kita¯b al-maa¯rif ,  study of vii, , , ,  Kita¯b al-masa¯lik wa-al-mama¯lik  Livorgno  Kita¯b matha¯lib al-wazı¯rayn  London ,  Kita¯b al-mawa¯qif  love –       Kita¯b al-mukha¯t·aba¯t love poem (ghazal) , , – , Kita¯b al-muwashsha¯  Lubat al-nisya¯n      Kita¯b al-muwa¯zanah bayn al-T· a¯ iyyayn , , Luqma¯n (fables of) , Kita¯b al-shir wa-al-shuara¯      , , Lut·fı¯ al-Sayyid, Ah·mad , Kita¯b sina¯at al-kita¯bah  Luzu¯m ma¯la¯ yalzam ,  ·   Kita¯b al-s· ina¯ atayn: al-kita¯bah wa-al-shi r , Kita¯b al-tajalliya¯t  al-Maarrı¯, Abu¯ al-Ala¯ , , , , Kita¯b tarı¯kh al-rusul wa-al-mulu¯k  –, ,  Kita¯b wafaya¯t al-aya¯n  al-Mada¯ini, Alı¯ ibn Muhammad  ·  Kita¯b al-wasa¯t·ah bayn al-Mutanabbı¯ wa-khus· ¯mihiu al-Madanı¯, Izz al-dı¯n ,  al-madhhab al-kala¯mı¯ (replication of theological Kléber, French general  discourse) 

Index 

  Al-Madrasah al-h· adı¯thah Mas· ra Kı¯lu¯batra¯ Magha¯zı¯ (raids)  al-Masu¯dı¯, Alı¯ ,  Maghrib (the West, Morocco) , , , , , Mata¯li al-budu¯r fı¯ mana¯zil al-suru¯r          ·  , , , , , , , , Mat·ar, Muh· ammad Afı¯fı¯ – Al-Mathal al-sa¯ir fı¯ adab al-ka¯tib wa-al-sha¯ir al-Ma¯ghu¯t,Muhammad ,  – · ·  mah· a¯sin al-kala¯m (discourse embellishments) mathnawı¯ ,  Mauretania   al-Mawa¯iz wa-al-itiba¯r fı¯ dhikr al-khitat wa-al- Mahdı¯, Muh·sin · · · al-Mahdi, caliph , , ,  a¯tha¯r ,   mawa¯lı¯  Mah·fu¯z·, Is·a¯m Mahfu¯z, Najı¯b , , , –,  Mawa¯qif  · ·     mahjar (emigrés, the Americas) , , , Mawlay al-Sult·a¯n al-H· asan al-H· afs· ı¯ , ,  Mawlid al-Malik Maru¯f   al-Mawqif al-adabı¯  Mah·mu¯d II, Sultan maja¯z  , see ﬁgurative language Maws·il (Mosul) Maja¯z al-Qura¯n   al-Maws·ilı¯, Ibra¯hı¯m Majma al-bahrayn   · al-Maws·ilı¯, Ish·a¯q Majnu¯n Layla¯ , , ,  Mawsim al-hijrah ila¯ al-shama¯l  al-Maju¯s  mawwa¯l (popular poetic genre) ,  al-Mala¯ikah, Na¯zik , , , ,  al-Ma¯zinı¯, Ibra¯hı¯m , , , – Malaysia ,  meaning (mana¯) , , , , , ,   Malh· amat al-h· ara¯fı¯sh Ma¯lik ibn Anas ,  Mecca , , –, , , , , , , , Al-Malik huwa al-malik  , , , , , , ,  Al-Malik U¯dı¯b  Media  al-Malu¯f,Fawzı¯  medicine  al-Malu¯f, Shafı¯q  Medina , , –, , , , , , , Mamlu¯k , , , , , , , ,   al-Mamu¯n, caliph , ,  Mediterranean    istia¯rah       Mandu¯r,Muh·ammad , metaphor ( ) , , , , , al-Manfalu¯t¯,ı Mustafa¯Lutfı¯ ,  metre, metrics (aru¯d) , , , , , , , · ·· ·   ·      al-Mans·u¯r, caliph , , , , , , , maqa¯mah (prose genre) , , , , – sabab (unit of scansion) ,  al-Maqa¯ma¯t al-luzu¯miyyah  watad (unit of scansion) ,  al-Maqa¯ma¯t al-zayniyyah  Middle East ,    al-Maqqarı¯, Ah·mad ibn Muh·ammad Midh·at Pa¯sha¯ Al-Maqrı¯zı¯, Taqı¯ al-dı¯n  al-Mifta¯h   ·    Al-Mar ah al-jadı¯dah mimesis (muh· a¯ka¯h) , , Marakat al-zuqa¯q  Min ayn agı¯b na¯s?  al-Mara¯ya¯   Mı¯nah, H· anna¯  Minhaj al-bulagha¯ wa-sira¯j al-udaba¯  al-Marnı¯sı¯,Fa¯t·imah Maronites , , ,  Mı¯ra¯ma¯r  Marrakesh  Mirbad Festival  al-Marsafı¯, Husayn , ,  Miskawayh, Abu¯ Alı¯ ,  · ·  al-Marth Mis· r al-jadı¯dah wa-Mis· r al-qadı¯mah Marw (city in Khu¯ra¯sa¯n)  modernity, modernisation , , –, , Mary (mother of Jesus)  , , , ,       al-Marzu¯qı¯, Ah·mad ibn Muh·ammad , Molière , , Masa¯ri al-ushsha¯q  Mongols , , , , ,  ·            Ma sa¯t al-H· alla¯j , Morocco , , , , , , , , , Mas¯rı sarsa¯r  ,  · · ·       al-Masrah· Moses , , , , al-Masrah al-munawwa  al-Muallaqa¯t , , , , , , , , , ·       Masrah· al-mujtama , , , ,

 Index

    mu a¯rad· ah (poetic imitation) al-Mu tazilah , , Mua¯wiyah ibn Abı¯ Sufya¯n, caliph ,  muthallath  Muba¯rak, Alı¯  Mutra¯n, Khalı¯l , , , ,   ·  al-Mubarrad al-Muwat··ta Mudun al-milh  muwashshah (Andalusian poetic genre) , , ·     ·   al-Mufad· ·dal al-D· abbı¯ , , , , , al-Mufaddaliya¯t , ,  al-Muwaylih¯,ı Muhammad , , –, · ·   · · al-Mufas··sal , , Mughal dynasty  al-Muzhir fı¯ ulu¯m al-lughah wa-anwa¯iha¯ ,  Mugha¯mara¯t ras al-mamlu¯k Ja¯bir  myth ,  muha¯dara¯t (conferences)  · ·         Muh·ammad, the Prophet , , , – , , al-Na¯bighah al-Dhubya¯nı¯ , , , , , –, , , , , , al-Na¯bulusı¯, Abd al-ghanı¯ ,  , , , , , , , , , Nadı¯m, Abdalla¯h  ,  Nafh al-t¯bı min ghusn al-Andalus al-rat¯bı        · · ·  · Muh·ammad Alı¯ , , , , , al-Nafza¯wı¯, Shaykh Muhammad Fa¯tih, Ottoman ruler  Naham  · ·   Muh·ammad ibn al-Ah·mar Na¯jı¯, Ibra¯hı¯m al-Muha¯sibı¯, al-Ha¯rith  Nallino, Carlo  · ·       muh· tasib (inspector of public morality) , Napoleon , , , al-Muizz, Fa¯timı¯, caliph  naqa¯id (flytings) , ,  ·  ·  Mu jam al-bulda¯n Naqd al-khit·a¯b al-dı¯nı¯ mukhammas  al-Naqd al-manhajı¯ inda al-Arab ,  al-Mukhta¯r fı¯ kashf al-asra¯r wa-hatk al-asta¯r  Naqd al-shir  Munı¯f, Abd al-rahma¯n , , ,  al-Naqqa¯sh, Ma¯ru¯n – ·  An-Na¯s illı¯taht  al-Munqidh min al-d· ala¯l ·  nası¯b (love theme, erotic prelude) , , , Al-Muntaz· am al-Muqa¯basa¯t   al-Muqaddası¯  Nasibin       al-Muqaddimah , , , Na¯s·¯f,ı Malak H· ifnı¯  Nasser, see Abd al-na¯sir Muqat·t·am Hills · al-Muqtadir, caliph  National Syrian Party  murabba  nationalism al-Muraqqish  Arab , , , , ,  Muru¯j al-dhahab wa-maa¯dı¯n al-jawa¯hir  local , , , , , ,   naturalness (tab) , , , , ,  Muruwwah, H· usayn Mu¯sa¯ ibn Nusayr ,  al-Nawwa¯b, Muzaffar  ·  ·  Mu¯sa¯, Sala¯mah al-Naz·z·a¯m, Ibra¯hı¯m ibn Sayya¯r musa¯mara¯t (soirees)  Neo-Platonism  musammat  Nestorian Church  music , , , , , , ,  New York ,  Muslim Brethren ,  Nicholson, R.A.    al-Niffarı¯, Muhammad  Muslim ibn al-H· ajja¯j , · Muslim ibn al-Walı¯d  Niger  al-Musnad  Nigeria  Niha¯yat al-arab fı¯ funu¯n al-adab  Mus·t·afa¯Kama¯l Pa¯sha¯, see Ataturk Mustaghanmı¯, Ahla¯m  Nile River  ·  Noah  Mustaqbal al-thaqa¯fah fı¯ Mis· r  Normans  Al-Mustat·raf fı¯ kull fann mustaz· raf  Novel –, – al-Mu tad·id, caliph     Nuaymah, Mı¯kha¯¯lı , , , , , al-Mutanabbı¯, Abu¯al-T·ayyib , , , , , , –, , , , , , ,  , ,  al-Nukat fı¯ija¯z al-Qura¯n   al-Numa¯n ibn al-Mundhir (ruler of al-Hı¯rah) al-Mu tas·im, caliph · al-Mutawakkil, caliph ,  

Index 

   Nu¯r al-dı¯n prose poem (qas· ı¯dat al-nathr) ,  amtha¯l      al-Nuwayrı¯, Ah·mad proverbs ( ) , , , , Nuzhat al-alba¯b fı¯-ma¯la¯yu¯jad fı¯ kita¯b  Punch and Judy  Nuzhat al-mushta¯q fı¯ ikhtira¯q al-a¯fa¯q  Pygmalion  Pyramids  Oberammergau  Oedipus  al-Qabba¯nı¯, Abu¯ Khalı¯l , ,  oil ,  Qabba¯nı¯, Niza¯r , , , , ,  Oman (Uma¯n)  Qadar al-ghuraf al-muqbidah    · opera al-Qa¯d·¯ı al-Fa¯d·il khutab  orations ( · ) al-Qa¯d·¯ı al-Jurja¯nı¯, see al-Jurja¯nı¯, Alı¯ orality , , , , , ,  Qa¯disiyyah  Ottoman dynasty , , , , , , ,  Qadmu¯s  al-Qa¯id, Yu¯suf  Pakistan ,  al-Qa¯im, caliph  Palestine , , , , , , , , , , , al-Qalama¯wı¯, Suhayr ,  , , , , , , , , al-Qa¯lı¯, Abu¯ Alı¯     – al-Qalqashandı¯, Ah· mad panegyric (madı¯h) , , , , , , , al-Qa¯nu¯n fı¯ al-tibb          ·   – , , , , , , qarı¯d· (poem) , , Panjatantra  Qarqa¯sh  paper  al-Qarta¯jannı¯, Ha¯zim ,       · ·        Paris , , , , qas·¯dahı (ode, poem) – , , , , , , paronomasia (tajnı¯s) , ,  , , , , , , , ,  sabr     patience (· ) , Qa¯sim, Abd al-h·akı¯m , patronage , , , , , , , ,  al-Qa¯sim, Samı¯h , ,    · People of the Book (ahl al-kita¯b) , Qas· r al-shawq al-ja¯hiliyyah      ‘Period of Ignorance’ ( ) , , , , Qat·ar , , , , , , , , , , Qawa¯id al-shir  , , , , , , , ,  Qayrawa¯n , , , , ,   Persian Qays ibn al-Mulawwah· (Majnu¯n Layla¯) language , , , , ,  Qindı¯l Umm Ha¯shim ,           culture , , , , qit· ah (short poem) – , , Philippines  quatrain (ruba¯ı¯)  philosophy , , ,  Quda¯mah ibn Jafar , , , –, , Phoenix (Anqa¯)       pilgrimage (·hajj) , , qu¯ma¯ (popular poetic genre) Pirandello  Qura¯n , , , , , , , , , , –, Piscator, Erwin  , , , , , , –, , , plagiarism , , ,  , , , , , , , , Poetics (Aristotle) ,  , , , , , , , poetry , , , , , , , , , –, –, , , ,  , , , , , , , , su¯rah           , , , , , , , , Su¯rat al-Fa¯tih·ah ( , The Opening) , , , , , ,  Su¯rat al-Baqarah (, The Cow) , , , see also under separate genres ,  collection (dı¯wa¯n) , –, , , ,  Su¯rat al-Nisa¯ (, Women)  poets , –, , , , , , , Su¯rat Hu¯d (,Hu¯d)  , ,  Su¯rat Yu¯suf (, Joseph) , , ,  training of – Su¯rat Ibra¯hı¯m (, Abraham)     prayer (·sala¯t) Su¯rat al-Nah·l ( , The Bee) press , , , ,  Su¯rat al-Isra¯ (, The Night-Journey)  prose , , , , –, , , , Su¯rat al-Kahf (, The Cave) , , –, , , , , , , –     , Su¯rat T· a¯ha¯, Su¯rah

 Index

Qura¯n (cont.) Rihlat al-Halla¯j  · ·  su¯rah (cont.) Rih· lat ibn Fat··t¯mahu Su¯rat al-Nu¯r (, The Light) ,  Rija¯l fı¯al-shams  Su¯rat al-Shuara¯ (, The Poets) , ,  Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai  Su¯rat Luqma¯n (, Luqma¯n)  Risa¯lah fi al-ishq  Su¯rat Ya¯sı¯n, Su¯rah  Risa¯lat al-ghufra¯n ,     Su¯rat al-T· ala¯q ( , The Divorce) al-Risa¯lah al-Qushayriyyah Su¯rat al-Ha¯qqah (, The Indubitable)  Risa¯lat al-tawa¯bi wa-al-zawa¯bi  ·   Su¯rat al-Muzzammil ( , The Enwrapped) al-Risa¯lah fı¯qawa¯nı¯n ·sina¯ at al-shu ara¯  Robbe-Grillet, Alain  Su¯rat al-Mursala¯t (, Those Sent Forth)  Roger II, Norman King of Sicily  Su¯rat al-Takwı¯r (, The Enshrouding)  romanticism –, , –, ,  Su¯rat al-Alaq (, The Blood-clot) ,  Rome ,  Su¯rat al-Qadr (, Power)  Rubah ibn al-Ajja¯j  Su¯rat al-Zalzalah (, The Earthquake)  Ru¯ma¯n, Mı¯kha¯¯lı  Su¯rat al-Kawthar (, Abundance)  al-Rumma¯nı¯     Su¯rat al-Nas·r ( , Help) Ru¯mı¯, Mawla¯na¯Jala¯l al-dı¯n Su¯rat al-Na¯s (, The People)  al-Rusa¯fı¯, Maru¯f   ·  Quraysh Rushdı¯, Fa¯t·imah al-Qushayrı¯, Abd al-karı¯m , , ,  Russia , ,  Qushtumur ,  Qutb, Sayyid ,  Saa¯dah, Antu¯n  · ·   al-S· aba¯h·,Sua¯d , Rabı¯ al-abra¯r ,  al-Sa¯da¯t, Anwar ,  Ra¯biah al-Adawiyyah , ,  al-Sada¯wı¯, Nawa¯l , – al-Ra¯bitah al-qalamiyyah   · (League of the Pen) al-S· afadı¯, S· ala¯h· al-dı¯n Racine, Jean Baptiste  Safavı¯ dynasty  radd al-aja¯z ff  (repetition within the poetic line) al-Sa a¯h·,Abu¯al-Abba¯s, caliph  al-Safı¯nah    al-Raghı¯f al-S· afqah Rahba¯nı¯ brothers ,  al-Saharah  ·   ·   rajaz – S· ah·¯hı· (collection of ·hadı¯th) ,  ahrah maa Abı¯ Khalı¯l al-Qabba¯nı¯  al-Rashu¯d,S· aqr S al-Rawd al-a¯tir fı¯ nuzhat al-kha¯tir  Sa¯d,ı Alı¯Ahmad, see Adu¯nı¯s · · ·  ·  Rawd· at al-muh· ibbı¯n wa-nuzhat al-mushta¯qı¯n al-Sa ¯d,ı Nu¯rı¯ Rayy , ,  saj see rhyming prose reader ,  salafiyyah –            reception , , , , , , – , S· ala¯h· al-dı¯n al-Ayyu¯bı¯ (Saladin) , , , ,   Red Sea , ,  Sa¯lih, al-Tayyib      · · ·  renaissance, revival (nahd· ah) , , , , Sa¯lim Abu¯al-Ala¯  Sa¯lim, Ju¯rj  report (khabar, pl. akhba¯r), see anecdote Sa¯lim, Alı¯  rhyme (qa¯fiyah) , , , , –, , , Salju¯qs ,  , , , , , ,  Samarqand  rhyming prose (saj) , –, , , , , al-Samma¯n, Gha¯dah  , , ,  al-Sanawbarı¯    ·   Rid·a¯, Rashı¯d , Sannu¯ ,Yaqu¯b , Riddah Wars  Sao Paulo   Al-Sa¯q ala¯al-sa¯q fı¯-ma¯ huwa al-Fa¯r-ya¯q  al-Rifa¯ ¯,ı Ah·mad Abu¯ al- Abba¯s Rı¯h al-janu¯b  sa¯qı¯ (wine-pourer)  ·   al-Rı¯ha¯nı¯, Najı¯b al-Saraqust·¯ı al-Ishtarkuwı¯ Rihlah jabaliyyah, rihlah sabah  al-Saraqust¯ı al-Jazza¯r  · · · ·  Rih· lat Gha¯ndı¯ al-s· aghı¯r al-Sarra¯j, Ja far

Index 

Sarru¯f,Yaqu¯b  al-Siddı¯qı¯, al-Tayyib ,  ·  ff· ·   Sartre, Jean Paul S· i ¯nı (Battle of) , Saudi Arabia , , , , ,  simile (tashbı¯h) , ,  de Saussure, Ferdinand  simt, pl. asma¯t (strophe) ,      ·  · Sayf al-Dawlah al-H· amda¯nı¯ , , , Sinai , Sayf ibn Dhı¯ Yazan  Sindbad , , , ,  Sa¯yigh, Tawfı¯q ,  al-Sindiya¯nah  ·     al-S· aymarı¯, Abu¯ al- Anbas singing , , al-Sayya¯b, Badr Sha¯kir , , , , , , singing girls (qiya¯n)  ,  sı¯rah nabawiyyah (biography of the Prophet)      al-Sayyid, Mah·mu¯d – , , secretary (ka¯tib), see bureaucrat al-Sı¯rah al-sha¯miyyah – Selı¯m ‘the Grim,’ Sultan ,  Sı¯rat al-amı¯rah Dha¯t al-Himmah  Senegal  Sı¯rat Antar – sermon (mawizah) ,  Sı¯rat Banı¯Hila¯l  ·   al-Sha¯bb al-Z·arı¯f al-Tilimsa¯nı¯ Sı¯rat al-Z· a¯hir Baybars al-Sha¯bbı¯, Abu¯ al-qa¯sim , ,  Sirr al-fasa¯hah  fi  · ·   al-Sha¯ ¯,ı Muh·ammad ibn Idrı¯s Solomon , , Shafı¯qah wa-Mitwallı¯  soothsayer (ka¯hin) , ,  Sha¯h Abba¯s I  Sophocles  shaha¯dah (statement of faith)  Soviet Union  Shahraya¯r , ,  Spain, see al-Andalus Shahraza¯d ,  Stetkevych, Jaroslav         Shahraza¯d (play) story-teller (·hakawa¯tı¯) , , – , , , Shakespeare, William ,  , , ,    Shamsu¯n wa-Dalı¯lah al-S· ubba¯r al-Shanfara¯ , ,  Subh al-asha¯fı¯sina¯at al-insha¯   · · ·  al-Sha ra¯nı¯, Abd al-wahha¯b S· ubh·¯Paı ¯sha¯, Ottoman governor Sharı¯ah (Islamic law), see law Sudan , , , , , , ,  al-Sharı¯f al-Radı¯ ,  Suez Canal , ,  · fi        Sharq al-nakhı¯l Su sm (tas· awwuf) , – , , , , , Sharq al-Mutawassit  –, , , –,  ·   al-Sharqa¯wı¯, Abd al-rah·ma¯n al-Suhrawardı¯, Shiha¯b al-dı¯n Umar al-Sha¯ru¯nı¯, Yu¯suf  al-Suhrawardı¯, Shiha¯b al-dı¯n Yahya¯ , ,         · Shawqı¯, Ah·mad , , , , , , , , , , , ,  al-Sukkariyyah  Al-Shaykh Matlu¯f  Sulayma¯n, Ottoman sultan  al-Shaykh, Hana¯n ,  Sulayma¯n al-Halabı¯  ·       ·  Shı¯ at Alı¯ (Shı¯ ah, Shı¯ ¯)ı , , , , , , Sulayma¯n al-h· akı¯m , , , , , ,  al-Su¯lı¯, Abu¯ Bakr   ·  al-Shiblı¯, H· aqqı¯ al-Sult·a¯n al-h·a¯ ir  sulu¯k     al-Shidya¯q, Ah·mad Fa¯ris · (vagabond poet) , , , al-Shifa¯ ,  sunnah (practice of the Prophet) , , , , Shir (magazine)   short story , , –,  Surayyi, Abd al-azı¯z  Shukrı¯, Muhammad  Suru¯r, Najı¯b  ·        Shukrı¯, Abd al-rah·ma¯n , al-Suyu¯t·¯,ı Jala¯l al-dı¯n , , , , Shumayyil, Shiblı¯  Sykes-Picot Agreement  shu¯biyyahu  symbolism , , , , ,  al-Shushtarı¯, Alı¯ ibn Abdalla¯h  Syria , , , , , , , , , , , ,           al-Siba¯ ¯,ı Fa¯d·il , , , , , , , , , Sı¯bawayh ,  , , , ,  al-Sibinsa¯         Sicily , , , Ta abbat·a Sharran , ,

 Index

al-Tabarı¯, Muhammmad ibn Jarı¯r , , , Thebes  ·  · , theme (gharad· ), see genre tafsı¯r (Qura¯nic exegesis) , , , ,  theology (kala¯m) , , ,  Taghlib (tribe) , , ,  Thousand and One () Nights , , , , , Ta¯ha¯Husayn, see Husayn, Ta¯ha¯ , , , , , , , , , · · ·  ·      T· a¯ha¯, Alı¯Mah·mu¯d , , , , , Taha¯fut al-taha¯fut  al-Thula¯thiyyah (Trilogy)  Taha¯fut al-fala¯sifah  Thumma azhar al-huzn   ·  T· a¯hir, Baha¯ al-Tı¯fa¯shı¯, Shiha¯b al-dı¯n Tah rı¯r al-marah  Tigris River ,  ·      al-T· aht·a¯wı¯, Rifa¯ ah , , , al-Tı¯ja¯nı¯, Yu¯suf Bashı¯r Taine, Hippolyte  al-Tikirlı¯, Fua¯d     Ta¯j al- aru¯s min jawa¯hir al-qa¯mu¯s , Tilka al-ra¯ ih· ah Taja¯rib al-umam  Tı¯mu¯r Lang (Tı¯mu¯r ‘the Lame’ Tamburlaine) Tajikistan  ,  tajwı¯d      (Qur a¯nic chanting) , al-T· irimma¯h· ibn H· akı¯m , , takhallus (transitional section)  Toledo  ·   Takhlı¯s· al-ibrı¯z fı¯ talkhı¯s· Ba¯rı¯z Tours al-Talı¯ah  traditionalism (taqlı¯d) ,  ·           Talkhı¯s· kita¯b Arist·¯tu·alı¯s fı¯ al-shi r translation , , , , , , , , , Tamı¯m (tribe)  , , , , , ,  Ta¯mir, Zakariyya¯  Translation School ,  Tammu¯z  Transoxania ,           Tamthı¯l al-muh· a¯d· arah travel (rih· lah) , , , , , , , , Tangier  – tanz¯maı ¯t   · (reorganisations) T· ufayl   Tuhfat al-nuzza¯r fı¯ ghara¯ib al-amsa¯r wa-aja¯ib al- al-Tanu¯khı¯, Abu¯ al-H· usayn , · · · ·   asfa¯r  T· arafah ibn al- Abd , Tarı¯kh Baghda¯d ,  Tunisia , , , , , , , , , , Tarı¯kh madı¯nat Dimashq  , , ,  Tarı¯kh Makkah  al-Tu¯nisı¯, Bayram      T· a¯riq ibn Ziya¯d T· u¯qa¯n, Fadwa¯ , , tarı¯qah turuq    · , pl.· (S· u¯fı¯ brotherhood) T· u¯qa¯n, Ibra¯hı¯m , Tarjuma¯n al-ashwa¯q  Tu¯ra¯n Sha¯h  Tartuﬀe ,  Turkey ,  al-Tatlı¯q (La Répudiation)  Turkish language , , ,  ·   T· awa¯h· in Bayru¯t Tutankhamun, pharaoh Tawfı¯q, Khedive of Egypt      al-Tawh·¯dı¯,Abuı ¯H· ayya¯n , – Ubaydalla¯h, Fa¯t·imı¯ caliph Tawq al-hama¯mah , – Udhrı¯, see Banu¯ Udhrah · ·   T· ayf al-khaya¯l Ughniyyat al-mawt Taymu¯r,Mahmu¯d ,  al-Ujaylı¯, Abd al-sala¯m ,  ·     Taymu¯r,Muh·ammad , – Uka¯shah Troupe taziyah    (passion play) Uka¯z· (poetry fair) , television , , , ,  ulama¯ (religious scholars) , ,  testaments (wasa¯ya¯) ,  Umar al-Khayya¯m  ·   al-Tha a¯libı¯, Abd al-malik ibn Muh·ammad Umar ibn al-Khat·t·a¯b, caliph , ,  Umar ibn Abı¯Rabı¯ah , ,    al-Tha¯bit wa-al-mutah· awwil Umar ibn Abd al- azı¯z, caliph Thalab, Abu¯ al-Abba¯s , , ,  Umawı¯ caliphs (Banu¯ Umayyah) , , –, al-Thalj yatı¯min al-na¯ﬁdhah  , , , , , , , , , , Thamu¯d  , , ,  Thartharah fawq al-Nı¯l  umdah (village headman)  Thawrat al-zanj  al-Umdah fı¯maha¯sin al-shir wa-adabihi wa-  ·  Thawrat ·sa¯h· ib al-h· ima¯r naqdihi –

Index 

United Arab Emirates ,  wine poem (khamriyyah) , , , – United Arab Republic ,  women, role and status of , , , , , , United Nations , ,  , –, , , , , , , United States ,  –,  Urban II, Pope  urju¯zah (rajaz poem)  Ya¯ta¯li al-shajarah   ·    Urwah ibn al-Ward al-Ya qu¯bı¯, Ah·mad ibn Ya qu¯b , , Usa¯mah ibn Munqidh  Ya¯qu¯t ibnAbdalla¯h al-Hamawı¯ ,   · al- Us· bah al-Andalusiyyah (South American Ya¯sı¯n, Ka¯tib poetic association)  Yathrib (Medina) ,  Usfa¯r,Ja¯bir  Yawm qutila al-za¯mı  ·   Al- Us· fu¯r fı¯ al-qafas· Yawmiyya¯t na¯ ib fı¯ al-arya¯f Uthma¯n (founder of Ottoman dynasty)  Yazı¯d ibn Mua¯wiyah, caliph  ff    Uthma¯n ibn A a¯n, caliph , al-Ya¯zijı¯, Na¯s·¯fı al-Uthma¯n, Layla¯  Yemen , , , , ,  Uyu¯n al-akhba¯r ,  York  Yugoslavia  Vatican  Yu¯suf, Sadı¯  Venice  al-Yu¯sufı¯, Manjak Pa¯sha¯  Vienna  Volga River  Za¯b River, Battle of  al-Zabı¯dı¯,Muhammad Murtada¯   · · Wad·d·a¯h· al-Yaman Zaghlu¯l,Sa d al-Wa¯fı¯ bi-al-Wafaya¯t   al-Zaha¯wı¯, Jamı¯l S· idqı¯ al-Wa¯fid  zajal (poetic genre) , , , –, , Wahb ibn Munabbih  ,     Wahbah, Sa d al-dı¯n al-Zamakhsharı¯, Mah·mu¯d ibn Umar , , Wahbı¯, Yu¯suf   Wakefield  Zanj Rebellion ,   fi  Walı¯Alla¯h ·zarı¯f, pl. ·zurafa¯ (re ned) al-Walı¯d ibn Yazı¯d, caliph  al-Zarkashı¯    Walla¯dah, Andalusian princess and poet , al-Zawa¯wı¯, Muh·ammad, wazı¯r of Tunis ,  Al-Zawbaah  Wannu¯s,Sadalla¯h –, , ,  Zayda¯n, Jurjı¯  Wa¯q al-wa¯q  Zaynab , ,  al-Waqa¯i al-Misriyyah  al-Zayya¯t, Latı¯fah  ·  · Al-Waqa¯ i al-gharı¯bah fı¯ikhtifa¯ Sa ı¯d Abı¯ al-nah· s al-Zilza¯l al-mutasha¯il  al-Zı¯r Sa¯lim, epic of  al-Washsha¯  al-Zı¯r Sa¯lim  al-Wası¯lah al-adabiyyah ila¯al-ulu¯m al-Arabiyyah Ziya¯dah, Mayy  , ,  Zoroastrianism  water  Zuhayr ibn Abı¯ Sulma¯ , , –, ,     Wat·t·a¯r,al-T· a¯hir , Zurayq, Qust·ant·¯nı