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27. Amphiliidae = 27. Amphiliidae

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27. Amphiliidae = 27. Amphiliidae Paul H. SKELTON. Luc M. RISCH & Didier PAUGY The Amphiliidae are usually srnall, scaleless fishes with elongate. spindle-shaped bodies. They are characterized by a short dorsal fin. rather large pectoral and pelvic fins. bath with a bread, flexible and often filamentous first ray; eyes usually small, positioned dorsally; three pairs of barbels around rnouth, and swimbladder reduced, divided into two lobes. and encased by bony capsules. The Amphiliidae are normally found in flowing waters of rivers. It was usual ta distinguish two subfamilies from West Africa: the Amphiliinae. with broad mouths and soft. depressed bodies, comprising two genera: Amphi/ius Günther, 1864 and Paramphi/ius Pellegrin, 1907; and the Doumeinae, more elongate. firm-fleshed and often armoured, comprising five genera, three of which are represented in West Africa: Doumea Sauvage, 1879, Phractura Boulenger, 1900, and Andersonia Boulenger. 1900. The genus Leptog/anis was described by Boulenger (1902) on the basis of type specimens of the Zairian species L. xenognathus. The inclusion of this, as weil as of the closely related genus Zareichthys (Roberts & Stewart, 1976 ; Bailey & Roberts, 1984 ; Mo, 1991), in the family Amphiliidae seems henceforth accepted. This genus is closely related ta other Amphillidae by two main morphological peculiarities: • the maxilla does not form part of the upper edge of the rnouth: • swimbladder is not free, but enclosed by the broadened paraphophyses of the fourth and fifth vertebrae. The biology and ecology of the Amphiliidae are poorly known. These species are of little economical value, but may be of interest ta aquarists: thirteen of them occur in West Africa (table 27.1). <! Ucr: LL KEV 1 Pectoral fin has a strong barbed spine: adipose fin long and low, <! 10 GENERA never confluent with the caudal fin Leptoglanis tii UJ AND ~ SUBFAMILIES Pectoral fin with a flexible and pectinatespine: adipose fin short or LL long, but in this case, it is always confluent with the caudal fin ... 2 o (J) UJ :r: 2 Caudal peduncle length less than 20% of standard length; caudal (J) peduncle depth comprised less than three times in its length .... ü: cr: ....................................... Amphiliinae UJ ~ Caudal peduncle length over 20% of standard length: caudal ~ :r: peduncle depth comprised more than three times its length ...... (J) S2 .................................................................. Doumeinae u ~ al o ~ :r: (J) UJ cr: LL Only one species of this genus occurs in the area considered here. UJ F!= on ""-- 271.. 111\ ...... Paul H. SKEL TON. Luc M. RISCH et Didier PAUGY Les Amphiliidae sont des poissons à peau nue, généralement de petite taille. au corps fuselé et allongé. Ils se caractérisent par une nageoire dorsale courte, des nageoires pectorales et ventrales assez grandes, possédant un premier rayon habituellement large, flexible et filamenteux. Les yeux sont généralement petits et situés dorsalement. Il y a trois paires de barbillons autour de la bouche. La vessie gazeuse est réduite et divisée en deux lobes qui sont entourés de capsules osseuses. Les Amphiliidae se rencontrent habituellement dans les habitats d'eau courante des rivières. On avait coutume de distinguer deux sous-famille en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les Amphiliinae qui ont une bouche élargie, un corps mou et déprimé, sont représentés par deux genres: Amphilius Günther, 1864 et Paramphilius Pellegrin, 1907. Les Doumeinae, de forme plus allongée, ont un corps ferme et sont souvent cuirassés. Il y a cinq genres de Doumeinae dont trois sont présents en Afrique de l'Ouest: Ooumea Sauvage, 1879, Phractura Boulenger, 1900 et Andersonia Boulenger, 1900. Le genre Leptoglanis fut décrit par Boulenger (1902) à partir des spécimens types de l'espèce congolaise L. xenognathus. L'inclusion de ce genre, ainsi que du genre voisin Zeireichthys (Roberts et Stewart, 1976 ; Bailey et Roberts, 1984 ; Mo, 1991), dans la famille des Amphiliidae, semble désormais admise. Plusieurs caractéristiques morphologique rapprochent 1­ ce genre des autres Amphiliidae plutôt que des autres Siluriformes. (f) lJ.J Parmi ces caractères, les principaux sont: o:::J :.., • os maxillaire qui ne fait pas partie du bord supérieur de la bouche; olJ.J lJ.J • vessie gazeuse qui n'est pas libre mais encerclée par les parapophyses o:::J élargies de la quatrième et de la cinquième vertèbre. cr: u, La biologie et l'écologie des Amphiliidae sont mal connues. Ces différentes o« (f) espèces qui ont peu d'intérêt économique, mais qui peuvent intéresser les lJ.J CI: aquariologistes, sont au nombre de treize en Afrique de l'Ouest (tab. 27.1). .«1­ :::! «:::J (f) tu (f) 1 La nageoire pectorale possède une épine avec de fortes lJ.J U denticules; nageoire adipeuse longue et basse, non confluent :::J o avec la nageoire dorsale Leptoglanis o X :::J La nageoire pectorale possède une épine flexible très faiblement ~ denticulée: nageoire adipeuse courte ou longue, mais dans ce o cas, toujours confluente avec la nageoire dorsale 2 (f)z o (f) 2 Longueur du pédoncule caudal inférieure à 20 % de la longueur (f) standard; hauteur du pédoncule caudal comprise moins de trois 2 fois dans sa longueur Amphiliinae (f) lJ.J o Longueur du pédoncule caudal supérieure à 20 % de la longueur lJ.J Z standard ; hauteur du pédoncule caudal comprise plus de trois :::J i1 fois dans sa longueur Doumeinae [ID ll!IlImmI EmŒlDI Principaux caractères morphométriques et méristiques des espèces appartenant à la famille des Amphiliidae. Principal morphometric and meristic characters of species in the family Amphiliidae. RD RA RPc RC Br Nad Bb HPC/LPC LPC/LS (x 10) (x 100) Amphi/ius atesuensis 1-6 11-111/5-6 117-8 6+7 2-3/5-8 c s 1,5 18,2 Amphi/ius kakrimensis 1/6 111/6 1/8-9 6+7 2/8 c s 1,4 17,5 Amphi/ius platychir 1/6 111/6-7 1/8-9 6+7 2-3/5-8 c s 1,7 17,3 Amphi/ius rheophilus 1/6 11/5-6 1/8-9 6+7 1-2/3-6 c s 2,5 19,1 Andersonia leptura 1/6 1117-8 1-6 7 + 7 1/5-6 c s 28 30 Doumea chappuisi 1/6 11-111/6-7 1/9-10 7 + 8 1/6 c v 9,3 26,6 Doumea thysi 1/6 1I1-IV/5-7 1/8-10 7 + 8 1/2-7 c v 3,6 21 Leptoglanis camerunensis 1/6 11/5-7 117 1 s =3 Paramphilius firestonei 1/6 1I1-IVI7-8 1/6 6+7 1/2-3 1 s 2,1 18,7 Paramphi/ius teugelsi 1/6 111/6-7 117 9+8 1-2/3 1 s 1,3 15,2 Paramphilius triche mycteroides 1/6 11-11117-10 1/6-7 7+8 1/2-4 1 s 1,5 15,7 Phractura ansorgii 1/6 11/9 1/9 7+8 c v 18 32,3 Phractura c1auseni 1/6 1117-9 117-8 7+8 1/6-9 c v 22 32,5 Nombre de rayons à la nageoire dorsale (RD) ; nombre de rayons à la nageoire anale (RA) ; nombre de rayons à la nageoire pectorale (RPc) ; nombre de rayons à la nageoire caudale (RC) ; nombre total de branchiospines <Sr) ; nageoire adipeuse (Nad) courte (c) Ou longue (1) ; barbillons <Sb) simples (s) ou verruqueux (v) ; r apport longueur du pédoncule caudal/hauteur du pédoncule caudal (HPC/LPC) ; rapport longueur du pédoncule caudal/longueur standard (LPC/LS). Number of dorsal fin rays (RD); number of anal fin rays (RA); number ofpectoral fin rays (RPc); number ofcaudal fin rays (RG); total number of gill rakers (Br); adiposefin (Nad), short (c) or longue (J); barbels simple (5) or venvcose (v); caudalpeduncle deptb/ caudalpeduncle(Bb) length ratio (HPCILPC); caudal peduncle lengthlstandard length ratio (LPGILS). Leptoglanis camerunensis the maxillary pair attached ta head by a broad membrane that extends over i3 Daget & Stauch, 1963 cr half their length. Dorsal fin positioned u,« Description: this dwarf species was shortly behind head, with 1 short spine f­ Cf) included in the genus of Leptoglanis and 6 branched rays; adipose fin long and UJs: because of its edentate palate and low, anal fin with 7 or 9 rays and inserted ou, its general appearance. Body very below adipose fin, caudal fin forked, Cf) UJ elongate, 7.5-8.5 times longer than deep. its lower lobe longer than the upper. :r: Cf) Three pairs of barbels, Maximum reported size: 25 mm TL. œ cr: UJ !« s: :r: Cf) ';Z ~ œ o z « :r: Cf) UJcr: Leptoglanis camerunensis (d'après Dagel et Stauch, 1963). u, UJ:r: Leploglanis camerunensis (from Daget & Stauch, 1963). f- ŒEl [Ge_nlr_e_Leptoglanis lBouDelngelr, j_9Q2 .. __ ,_ ,,' , __ i Leptoglanis camerunensis sous l'adipeuse à 7-9 rayons. Daget et Stauch, 1963 Caudale échancrée dont le lobe inférieur est plus long que le supérieur. Description : cette espèce naine Taille maximale observée: 25 mm LI. a été incluse dans le genre Leptoglanis à cause de son palais édenté et Coloration: quelques taches brunâtres sur la partie dorsale du corps et de sa forme générale. une série médiane de petites taches Corps très allongé, 7,5-8,5 fois ovales brunes. Nageoires incolores aussi long que haut: trois paires sauf la caudale qui est tachetée. de barbillons. Le barbillon maxillaire est réuni à la tête par une large membrane Distribution: L. camerunensis sur la moitié de sa longueur. Dorsale est connu de la localité type. Lagdo rapprochée de la tête comprenant sur la haute Bénoué (Nord-Cameroun), une courte épine et 6 rayons branchus. ainsi que du cours supérieur du Niger Adipeuse longue et basse. Anale située en Guinée. Longueur du museau supérieure à 50 % de la longueur de la tête (fig.
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