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26 . Amphlllldae 26 . AMPHlLllDAE Paul H.SKELTON Les Amphiliidae sont des poissons à peau nue, généralement de petite taille, au corps fuselé et allongé. Ils se caractérisent par une nageoire dorsale courte et dépourvue dépine, des nageoires pectorales et ventrales assez grandes, possédant un premier rayon habituellement large, flexible et filamenteux. Les yeux sont généralement petits et situés dorsalement. I1 y a trois paires de barbillons autour de la bouche. La vessie gazeuse est réduite et divisée en deux lobes qui sont entourés de capsules osseuses. Les Amphiliidae se rencontrent habituellement dans les habitats d'eau courante des rivières. I1 existe deux sous-famille en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les Amphiliinae qui ont une bouche élargie, un corps mou et déprimé, sont représentés par deux genres : Anzphilitrs Giinther, 1864 et Puraiiiphiliiis Pellegrin, 1907. Les Doumeinae, de forme plus allongée, ont un corps ferme et sont souvent cuirassés. 11 y a cinq genres de Doumeinae dont trois sont présents en Afrique de l'Ouest : Doiiniea Sauvage, 1879, Phracfura Boulenger, 1900 et Aiidersonin Boulenger, 1900. La biologie et l'écologie des Amphiliidae sont mal connues. Ces différentes espèces qui ont peu d'intérêt économique, mais qui peuvent intéresser les aquariologistes, sont au nombre de 12 en Afrique de l'Ouest (tab. 26.1). - - - RD RA RPc RC Br. Bb LPCIHPC ,PC/LS - x 100 x 100 A nip h i li IC s A. atesuensis 1-6 IID-516 1-718 6+7 2-3/54 C S 19.5 18,2 A. kakrimeiisis 1-6 III-6 7-819 6+7 318 C S 1,4 17,5 A. platychir 1-6 III-617 1-819 6+7 2-3/54 C S 197 17,3 A. rheophilus 1-6 Il-516 1-819 6+7 1-213-6 C S 23 19,l Para inpli ili IL s P. teligelsi 1-6 IU.-6/7 1-7 9+8 1-213 1 S 173 15,2 P. trichonzycteroides 1-6 IID-7/10 I-6/7 7+8 112-4 1 S 195 15,7 P. firestonei 1-6 III/IV-7/8 1-6 6+7 112-3 1 S 2,l 18,7 Doiimea D. chappziisi 1-6 IIPJI-6/7 1-9/10 7+8 1I6 C V 9,3 26,6 D. thysi 1-6 III/IV-5/7 1-8/10 7+8 112-7 C V 376 21 Phrnctura P. ansorgii 1-6 II-9 1-9 7+8 C V 18 32,3 P. clairuseni 1-6 II-719 1-718 7+8 116-9 C V 22 32,5 Aizdersonia A. leptura -1-6 II-718 1-6 -7+7 115-6 -C -S 28 30 Tableau 26.1 - Principaux caractères morphométriques et méristiques des espèces appartenant à la famille des Amphiliidae. 450 P.H. SKELTON CLÉ DES SOUS-FAMILLES - Longueur du pédoncule caudal inférieure à 20 Yo de la longueur standard ; hauteur du pédoncule caudal comprise moins de trois fois dans sa longueur ....................... Amphiliinae - Longueur du pédoncule caudal supérieure à 20 Yo de la longueur standard ; hauteur du pédoncule caudal comprise plus de trois fois dans sa longueur .......................... Doumeinae KEY TO SUBFAMILIES - Caudal peduncle length less than 20 % standard length and less than 3 times its depth ........... ...................................................................................................................... Amphiliinae - Caudal peduncle length more than 20 Yo standard length and more than 3 times its depth ........ ....................................................................................................................... Doumeinae Sous-fam i I le AM P H I LII NA E Figure 26.1 - Vue dorsale et vue ventrale de la tête d'ilniphiliirs kakrinzensis (a) et de Paraniphilius trichonzycter-aides (b) montrant les principales différences morphologiques entre les deux genres. Amphiliidae 45 I CLÉ DES GENRES - Longueur du museau supérieure à 50 Yo de la longueur de la tête (fig. 26.la) ; nageoire adipeuse non confluente avec la nageoire caudale (chez les spécimens adultes) (fig. 26.2) ; nageoire anale avec 7 ou moins de 7 rayons branchus .......................................... Amphiljus - Longueur du museau inférieure à 50 Yo de la longueur de la tête (fig. 26.lb) ; nageoire adipeuse confluente avec la nageoire caudale (chez les adultes et les juvéniles) (fig. 26.8) ; nageoire anale avec 7 ou plus de 7 rayons branchus ....................................... Paramphilius KEY TO GENERA - Length of snout greater than 50 Yo head length (fig. 26.la) ; adipose fin not confluent with caudal fin (in adult specimens) (fig. 26.2) ; anal fin with 7 or fewer than 7 branched rays ............ .......................................................................................................................... Amphilius - Length of snout less than 50 Yo head length (fig. 26.1 b) ; adipose fin confluent with caudal fin (in adults and juveniles) (fig. 26.8) ; anal fin with 7 or more branched rays ......... Paramphilius Genre AMPHlLlUS Günther, 1864 i Ce sont des poissons au corps moyennement allongé, avec une tête large un peu déprimée, et une bouche terminale élargie. Ils ont trois paires de barbillons effilés. Les yeux, petits et situés dorsalement, sont très éloignés et sans bord libre. La membrane branchiostège est modérément B fortement échancrée sur le milieu du ventre. Les nageoires anale, dorsale et adipeuse ont des bases assez courtes. La nageoire caudale est fourchue ou émarginée avec 6+7 rayons principaux (chez les espèces ouest africaines) et la base de la nageoire est recouverte d'un bourrelet crénelé. CLÉ DES ESPÈCES 1-Base de la nageoire dorsale située nettement en avant de l'origine des nageoires ventrales ; distance de la tête à la nageoire dorsale inférieure à 20 Yo de la longueur standard ...................................................................................................................... .2 Base de la nageoire dorsale au-dessus ou légèrement en avant de l'origine des nageoires L ventrales ; distance de la tête à la dorsale supérieure à 20 Yo de la longueur standard ; longue papille urogénitale chez le mâle, faisant plus de 5 Yo de la longueur standard ; membrane branchiostège fortement échancrée........................................ A. atesuensis 2-Longueur du pédoncule caudal faisant plus de 1,5 fois sa hauteur ; espace interorbitaire faisant environ 35 Yo de la longueur de la tête .................................................................. 3 Longueur du pédoncule caudal faisant moins de 1,5 fois sa hauteur ; membrane branchiostège légèrement échancrée ; espace interorbitaire faisant environ 40 Yo de la longueur de la tête ................................................................................ A. kakrimensis 3-Longueur du pédoncule caudal faisant 1,5 à 2 fois sa hauteur ; longueur du barbillon maxillaire faisant plus de 75 Yo de la longueur de la tête ; longueur du museau faisant en général 50 à 55 Yo celle de la tête ; membrane branchiostège modérément échancrée sur la face ventrale ............................................................................................ A. platychir 452 P.H. SKELTON - Longueur du pédoncule caudal faisant plus de deux fois sa hauteur ; nageoire caudale fourchue au lobe inférieur nettement plus long ; barbillon maxillaire assez court faisant moins de 60 Yo de la longueur de la tête ; museau faisant environ 60 Yo de la longueur de la tête ; membrane branchiostège faiblement échancrée ............................. A. rheophilus KEY TO SPECIES 1 - Dorsal fin base before the origin of pelvic fins ; head to dorsal fin distance less than 20 Yo of standard length ............................................................................................................. 2 - Dorsal fin base above origin of pelvic fins ; head to dorsal fin distance greater than 20 Yo of standard length ; male urogenital papillum long, more than 5 Yo of standard length ; branchiostegal membrane with deep notch ............................................... A. afesuensis 2 - Caudal peduncle length more than 1.5 times its depth ; interorbit about 35 Yo of head length .......................................................................................................................... 3 - Caudal peduncle length less than 1.5 times its depth ; branchiostegal membrane with shallow notch ; interorbit about 40 Yo of head length ............................... A. kakrimensis 3 - Caudal peduncle length 1.5-2 times its depth ; maxillary barbel more than 75 Yo of head length ; snout usually 50-55 Yo of head length ; midventral notch of branchiostegal membrane moderately deep ......................................................................... A.plafychir - Caudal peduncle length more than twice its depth ; caudal fin forked with lower lobe clearly longer ; maxillary barbel relatively short, less than 60 YO of head length ; snout long about 60 Yo of head length ; branchiostegal membrane with shallow midventral notch. ................. .............................................................................................................. A. rheophilus Amphilius atesuensis Boulenger, 1904 (fig. 26.2) Anzphiliiis picfus Nichols & La Monte, 1933 (voir Lambert, 1958). Figure 26.2 - Amphiliiis atesireiisis (d'après Daget, 1957). Description : cette espèce est caractérisée par une t&tecourte, une membrane branchiostège très échancrée, une grande distance prédorsale, et une nageoire dorsale située en arrière de la base des nageoires ventrales. Les yeux en position dorsale sont situés à mi-distance entre l'extrémité du museau et la partie postérieure de la tête. Les barbillons sont longs et fins, dépassant le bord postérieur de la tgte. Les nageoires sont arrondies avec le principal rayon simple plus court que les rayons branchus adjacents. Les mâles ont une papille urogénitale longue, conique, Amphiliidae 453 qui atteint la base antérieure de la nageoire anale. Le pédoncule caudal est court et épais. La nageoire caudale est légèrement fourchue. Taille maximale
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