US 2015O132413A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0132413 A1 BESSETTE et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 14, 2015

(54) PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING abandoned, which is a continuation of application No. ROSEMARY OL AND WINTERGREEN OIL 09/340,391, filed on Jun. 28, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,986, 898. Applicant: EcoSMART Technologies, Inc., (71) (60) Provisional application No. 60/140,845, filed on Jun. Roswell, GA (US) 28, 1999, provisional application No. 60/094,463, (72) Inventors: Steven M. BESSETTE, San Clemente, filed on Jul. 28, 1998, provisional application No. CA (US); A. David LINDSAY, Franklin, 60/100,613, filed on Sep. 16, 1998, provisional appli TN (US) cation No. 60/122,803, filed on Mar. 3, 1999. Publication Classification Appl. No.: 14/309,860 (21) (51) Int. C. AOIN 6.5/22 (2006.01) (22) Filed: Jun. 19, 2014 AOIN 65/16 (2006.01) AOIN3L/6 (2006.01) Related U.S. Application Data AOIN37/02 (2006.01) AOIN 65/28 (2006.01) (60) Division of application No. 13/755,958, filed on Jan. AOIN3L/08 (2006.01) 31, 2013, now Pat. No. 8,877,219, which is a division (52) U.S. C. of application No. 12/872,725, filed on Aug. 31, 2010, CPC ...... A0IN 65/22 (2013.01); A0IN 65/28 now abandoned, which is a division of application No. (2013.01); A0IN 31/08 (2013.01); A0IN 31/16 11/746,927, filed on May 10, 2007, now abandoned, (2013.01); A0IN37/02 (2013.01); A0IN 65/16 which is a continuation of application No. 10/014,797. (2013.01) filed on Dec. 14, 2001, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 09/604,082, (57) ABSTRACT filed on Jun. 27, 2000, now abandoned, said applica Pesticidal compositions containing plant essential oils, such tion No. 10/014,797 is a continuation-in-part of appli as rosemary oil and/or wintergreen oil, and methods for using cation No. 09/505,680, filed on Feb. 17, 2000, now same are disclosed. Patent Application Publication May 14, 2015 Sheet 1 of 13 US 201S/O132413 A1

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PESTCDAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING 0005. However, it has become increasingly apparent that ROSEMARY OL AND WINTERGREEN OIL the widespread use of synthetic chemical pesticides has caused detrimental environmental effects that are harmful to CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED humans and other animals. For instance, the public has APPLICATIONS become concerned about the amount of residual chemicals that persist in food, ground water and the environment, and 0001. This continuing application is a divisional of U.S. that are toxic, carcinogenic or otherwise incompatible to application Ser. No. 13/755,958, filed Jan. 31, 2013, which is humans, domestic animals and/or fish. Moreover, some target a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/872,725, filed pests have even shown an ability to develop resistance to Aug. 31, 2010, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. many commonly used synthetic chemical pesticides. In No. 1 1/746,927, filed May 10, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/014,797, filed Dec. 14, 2001, recent times, regulatory guidelines have encouraged a search which (1) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. for potentially less dangerous pesticidal compositions via No. 09/604,082, filed Jun. 27, 2000, which claims the benefit stringent restrictions on the use of certain synthetic pesti of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/140,845, filed cides. As a result, elimination of effective pesticides from the Jun. 28, 1999, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated market has limited economical and effective options for con herein by reference, (2) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. trolling pests. As an alternative, botanical pesticides are of application Ser. No. 09/505,680, filed Feb. 17, 2000, the great interest because they are natural pesticides, i.e., toxi entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference cants derived from plants that are safe to humans and the and (3) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. environment. Use of food-grade plant essential oils have been 09/340,391, filed Jun. 28, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,986,898, tried, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,439,690, 5,693,344, which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent 6,004,569, 6,114,384, and 6,183,767 B1. However, these Application No. 60/094,463, filed Jul. 28, 1998, U.S. Provi plant essential oils when used alone can be expensive, sional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/100,613, filed Sep. 16, impractical or ineffective under certain circumstances. 1998, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 0006. Accordingly, there is a great need for novel pesti 60/122,803, filed Mar. 3, 1999, the entire disclosures of each cidal compositions containing no pyrethrum, synthetic pyre of the above-referenced patent applications are incorporated throids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organo phosphates, car herein by reference. For avoidance of doubt, this continuing bamates and the like, but comprising food-grade plant application claims the benefit of each of the above-identified essential oils, to be used against invertebrate pests, including patent applications. insects, arachnids, larvae and eggs thereof. In addition, there is a need for a method of treating a locus to be protected to kill FIELD OF THE INVENTION and repel invertebrate pests. 0002 The present invention relates to novel pesticidal SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION compositions and methods for using same for the control of pests. 0007. A primary object of the present invention is to pro vide novel pesticidal compositions for use against pests Such BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION as invertebrate insects, arachnids, larvae and eggs thereof. 0008 Another object of the invention is to provide novel 0003 Pests are annoying to humans for several reasons. pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or win Pests include pathogenic organisms which infest mammals tergreen oil as a contact and repellent pesticide in household and plants; some pests can spread disease as disease vectors. applications. The pathogenic organisms that infest plants and cause eco 0009. Another object of the invention is to provide novel nomic loss of plant crops include fungi, insects, arachnids, pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or win gastropods, nematodes and the like. The pathogenic organ tergreen oil as a contact and repellent pesticide in lawn and isms that infest animals include ticks, mites, fleas, and mos garden applications. quitoes. Other pests include cockroaches, termites and ants. These and other pests have annually cost humans billions of 0010. Another object of the invention is to provide novel dollars in crop losses in the case of agricultural pests and in pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or win the expense of keeping them under control. For example, the tergreen oil as a contact and repellent pesticide in greenhouse losses caused by pests in agricultural environments include and nursery applications. decreased crop yield, reduced crop quality, and increased 0011. Another object of the invention is to provide novel harvesting costs. In household scenarios, insect pests may act pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or win as vectors for diseases and allergic matter. tergreen oil as a contact and repellent pesticide in agricultural 0004 Over the years, synthetic chemical pesticides have applications. provided an effective means of pest control. For example, one 0012 Another object of the invention is to provide novel approach teaches the use of complex, organic insecticides, pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or win such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,376,784 and 4,308,279. tergreen oil as a contact pesticide against various stages of the Other approaches employ absorbent organic polymers for lifecycle of invertebrate pests, including eggs, nymphs, pupae widespread dehydration of the insects. See, U.S. Pat. Nos. and adults. 4,985,251, 4,983,390; 4,818,534; and 4,983,389. Use of inor 0013 Another object of the invention is to provide novel ganic salts as components of pesticides has also been tried, as pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or win disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,423,284 and 4,948,013, Euro tergreen oil that can be used with conventional pesticides, pean Patent Application No. 462 347, Chemical Abstracts including conventional plant essential oils such as thyme oil, 119(5):43357q (1993) and Farm Chemicals Handbook, page eugenol and 2-phenethyl propionate, and conventional Syn c102 (1987). ergists such as piperonylbutoxide. US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

0014. It is also an object of the present invention to provide diosmin, diterpenes, flavonoids including apigenin, genkwa a method of treating a locus where invertebrate pest control is nin, hispidulin, isobutyl acetate, limonene, linalool, lutiolin, desired. octanone, phenolic acids (Rosmarinic acid), pinene, Sapon 0015. It is also an object of the present invention to provide incineole, sinensetin, terpinen-4-ol, thujone, and/or verbenol. a pesticidal composition and method for mechanically and (0029. As used herein, the term “wintergreen oil” (Oil of neurally controlling invertebrate pests. Gaultheria procumbens) denotes both extracted (by distilla 0016. It is a further object to provide a safe, pesticidal tion of the leaves of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall) and composition and method that will not harm mammals or the synthetic versions (e.g., methyl salicylate) and derivatives environment. thereof, including, without limitation, O-hydroxybenzoic 0017. It is still another object to provide a pesticidal com acid methyl ester. Betula oil; salicylic acid, methyl ester; position and method that has a pleasant scent, but is not too benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester strong or lingering, and that can be applied without burden (2-HOCHCOOCH) (CAS Nos. 119-36-8 and 68917-75 Some safety precautions. 9); Sweet birch oil; Gaultheria oil; methyl hydroxybenzoate: 0018. It is still another object to provide a pesticidal com O-hydroxybenzoate: 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenol; 2-car position and method as described above which can be inex bomethoxyphenol; Linsal; methylester kyseliny salicylove pensively produced or employed. (Czech); o-anisic acid; panalgesic; methyl o-hydroxyben 0019. It is still another object to provide a pesticidal com Zoate; teaberry oil; analgit, exagien, flucarmit; anthrapole ind; position and method as described above which can be used Metsal liniment, and the like. indoors and outdoors and will not soften, dissolve, or other 0030. As used herein, the term "pest” refers to organisms wise adversely affect treated surfaces. and microorganisms, including pathogens, that negatively 0020. It is still another object to provide a pesticidal com affect plants or animals by colonizing, attacking or infecting position and method as described above which is exempt them. This includes organisms that spread disease and/or from registration with the U.S. Environmental Protection damage the host and/or compete for host nutrients. In addi Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Roden tion, plant pests are organisms known to associate with plants ticide Act. and which, as a result of that association, causes a detrimental 0021. It is still another object to provide a pesticidal com effect on the plant's health and vigor. Plant pests include but postioin that is non-phytotoxic and can be safely applied to are not limited to fungi, bacteria, insects, and nematodes. economically valuable plants or crops. 0031. The term "pesticide” as used herein refers to a sub 0022. It is still another object to provide a pesticidal com stance that can be used in the control of agricultural, natural position and method as described above which is exempt environmental, and domestic/household pests, such as from a food tolerance residue requirement when used on food insects, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The term "pesticide' is under the Federal Food and Drug Cosmetic Act. understood to encompass naturally occurring or synthetic 0023. It is still another object to provide a pesticidal com chemical insecticides (larvicides, and adulticides), insect position and method as described above which is allowed in growth regulators, acaricides (miticides), nematicides, ecto organic farming under the Organic Materials Review Institute parasiticides, bactericides, fungicides, and herbicides (Sub and the National Organic Program. stance which can be used in agriculture to control or modify 0024. It is yet another object of the invention to provide a plant growth). pesticidal composition and method to which invertebrate 0032. The term “plant’ as used herein encompasses whole pests can not build resistance. plants and parts of plants such as roots, stems, leaves and 0025. It is yet another object of the invention to provide a seed, as well as cells and tissues within the plants or plant pesticidal composition and method to provide quick knock parts. Target crops to be protected within the scope of the down and kill of invertebrate pests, particularly in household present invention include, without limitation, the following applications. species of plants: cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, Sor 0026. It is yet another object of the invention to provide a ghum and related crops), beet (Sugar beet and fodder beet), pesticidal composition and method as described above that forage grasses (orchardgrass, fescue, and the like), drupes, can be formulated as a water-based emulsion, Some of which pomes and Soft fruit (apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, may be exempt from registration with the U.S. EPA. cherries, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries), legumi 0027. One or more of the above non-limiting objects and nous plants (beans, lentils, peas, soybeans), oil plants (rape, technical effects are accomplished by the present invention, mustard, poppy, olives, Sunflowers, coconuts, castor oil which is directed to pesticidal compositions comprising rose plants, cocoa beans, groundnuts), cucumber plants (cucum mary oil and/or wintergreen oil. In addition, the present ber, marrows, melons) fiber plants (cotton, flax, hemp, jute), invention is directed to a method for controlling pests by citrus fruit (oranges, lemons, grapefruit, mandarins), Veg applying a pesticidally-effective amount of the pesticidal etables (spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages and other Bras compositions of the present invention to a location where pest sicae, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, paprika), lauraceae (avoca control is desired. The pesticidal compositions of the repre dos, carrots, cinnamon, camphor), deciduous trees and sent invention can be applied and used as liquid sprays, crys conifers (e.g. linden-trees, yew-trees, oak-trees, alders, pop tals, gels, and pellets, impregnating material. Such as posts, lars, birch-trees, firs, larches, pines), or plants such as maize, etc. tobacco, nuts, coffee, Sugar cane, tea, vines, hops, bananas 0028. As used herein, the term "rosemary oil denotes and natural rubber plants, as well as ornamentals (including both extracted and synthetic versions of Rosmarinus offici composites). nalis, Limonium vulgare, Andromeda polifolia, and deriva 0033. The terms “control’ or “controlling used through tives thereof, having at least one of the following constituents: out the specification and claims, are meant to include any alpha-terpineol, beta-caryophylene, borneol, bornyl acetate, pesticidal (killing) or pestistatic (inhibiting, maiming or gen bornyl acetate, camphene, camphor, cineole, dioSmetin, erally interfering) activities of a pesticidal composition US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 against a given pest. Thus, these terms not only include kill from the group consisting of pyrethrolone, allethrolone, chry ing, but also include Such activities as those of chemisterilants Santhemic acid, chrysanthemyl alcohol, cis-jasmone, and which produce sterility in insects by preventing the produc dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). tion of ova or sperm, by causing death of sperm or ova, or by 0042. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a producing severe injury to the genetic material of sperm or method for controlling invertebrates such as insects, arach ova, so that the larvae that are produced do not develop into nids, larvae and eggs thereof, including but not limited to mature progeny. The terms also include repellantactivity that cockroaches, ants, flies, spiders, mites, aphids, thrips, white protect animals, plants or products from insect attack by flies, loopers, worms, beetles, leafrollers, moths and weevils, making food or living conditions unattractive or offensive to by the application of pesticidally effective amounts of the pests. These repellantactivities may be the result of repellents pesticidal compositions of the present invention to a location that are poisonous, mildly toxic, or non-poisonous to pests. where invertebrate pest control is desired. 0034. The pesticidal compositions of the present invention 0043. At least one of the above objects and advantages may be used in the control of agricultural, natural environ may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentali mental, and domestic/household pests, such as invertebrate ties and combinations particularly recited in the appended insects, arachnids, larvae and eggs thereof, as well as against claims and/or Supported by this written description. Addi fungi, bacteria, and viruses. tional objects and attendant advantages of the present inven 0035. In one aspect, the present invention relates to pesti tion will be set forth, in part, in the description that follows, or cidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or winter may be learned from practicing or using the present invention. green oil against household pests including but not limited to It is to be understood that the foregoing general description cockroaches, ants, flies and spiders. and the following detailed description are exemplary and 0036. In another aspect, the present invention relates to explanatory only and are not to be viewed as being restrictive pesticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or win of the invention, as claimed. tergreen oil against plant pests, including but not limited to mites, aphids, thrips, whiteflies, loopers, worms, beetles, lea BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS frollers, moths and weevils. 0044. The accompanying drawings, which are incorpo 0037. In still another aspect, the present invention relates rated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrates to pesticidal compositions comprising rosemary oil and/or the present invention and, together with the description, wintergreen oil to be used as a contact pesticide against inver serves to exemplify the principles of the present invention. tebrates such as insects, arachnids, larvae and eggs thereof. 004.5 FIGS. 1-11 depict data obtained from comparative 0038. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to studies of HEXACIDETM (DR-A-034) and conventional pes pesticidal compositions comprising rosemary oil and/or win ticides. tergreen oil to be used as a repellent pesticide against inver 0046 FIG. 12 depicts data obtained from a comparison of tebrate pests, and provide anti-feedant properties against the broad foliar fungicidal activities of DR-A-041 and plant pests in particular. Rhodafac RE 610. 0039. The present invention also relates to pesticidal com positions comprising rosemary oil and/or wintergreen oil in DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED combination with diluents such as mineral oil (e.g., paraffin EMBODIMENTS oil; liquid petrolatum; white mineral oil; Nujol, alboline: 0047 All patents, patent applications and literatures cited bayol F: blandlube; drakeol; cutting oil; heat-treating oil; in this description are incorporated herein by reference in hydraulic oil; transformer oil; lubricating oil; drawing oil; their entirety. crystol 325, CAS Nos. 8012-95-1, 64742-46-7, 39355-35-6, 0048. The inventors have surprisingly found that the pes 79956-36-8, 83046-05-3), d-limonene, safflower oil, cit ticidal compositions containing rosemary oil and/or winter ronellal and sesame oil. green oil have a broad spectrum of activity and are particu 0040. The present invention further relates to various opti larly effective against, but not limited to, insects having a mum ratios between and among the constituents of each cuticle or proteinaceous exoskeleton or the like. Furthermore, proprietary blend and the proper delivery system for each the composition according to the present invention, com blend. For instance, the mixing ratio of rosemary oil to win prises additional natural or essential oils as additional com tergreen oil is the ratio wherein rosemary oil and wintergreen ponents and is therefore particularly advantageous interms of oil show a synergistic effect, and usually is from 100:1 to its relative non-toxicity. 1:100 parts by weight, preferably within the range from 13:1 0049. The present invention provides very efficacious pes to 1:13. ticides that, in a preferred aspect, may be designated as bio 0041. The present invention also relates to pesticidal com pesticides in that they comprise a chemical Substance of natu positions containing rosemary oil and/or wintergreen oil that ral origin that can be synthesized. The preferred pesticidal can be used with conventional pesticides. For example, the composition of the present invention have a lethal effect on conventional pesticide may be a member selected from the pest targets. Unlike the bulk of currently available pesticides group consisting of chlorinated hydrocarbon, synthetic pyre on the market, the preferred pesticidal compositions have throid, organo phosphate, carbamate, macrollide, insect active ingredients that have been proven to be substantially growth regulator, neonicitinoid, organo-tin, and propargite. non-toxic to man and domestic animals and which have mini Further, conventional pesticide may be a member selected mal adverse effects on wildlife and the environment. from the group consisting of allethrin, azadirachtin (neem), 0050. The pesticidal compositions of the present invention carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, DDT, fenvalorate, malathion, per are advantageous in that they can typically control pests at methrin, pyrethrum, resmethrin, rotenone and pyrethroid. average or lower than average dosage rates. Such pesticidal The conventional pesticide may also be a member selected compositions are also advantageous in that they can provide US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 extended protection to a locus. Further, Such pesticidal com 0054 Methods of using the pesticidal compositions of the positions are also advantageous in that said pesticidal com present invention offer several advantages over existing positions control pests without introducing a notable amount methods of pest control. The formulations of the subject of harm to the surrounding environment of which the pro invention provide for effective control of (microorganisms) vided pesticidal composition is being utilized. insects, mites, fungiand microorganisms. In particular situa tions, such as where an insect damages a plant part or tissue 0051. The pesticidal compositions of the invention have and a secondary fungal disease develops, this aspect of the pesticidal activity against one or more pests. However, it is invention is particularly advantageous. The pesticidal com understood that certain pesticidal compositions may be more positions according to the invention have very good fungi effective on some pests than others, and may even be ineffec cidal properties and can be employed for controlling phyto tive against Some pests. However, that does not in any way pathogenic fungi, such as, without limitation, detract from their value as pesticides since the present inven plasmodiophoromycetes, oomycetes, chytridiomycetes, tion contemplates use as broad, general acting pesticides, Zygomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, deutero while others have utility as specific or selective pesticides. mycetes, etc. Fungal phytopathogens particularly associated The non-limiting Examples set forth below illustrate methods with crop plants and included within the scope of the present by which the broad-acting or selectivity of pesticidal activity invention include, without limitation, the following: Miscel may be readily ascertained by routine experimentation. laneous Fungal Diseases (e.g., Septoria tritici, Septoria 0052. The pesticidal compositions of the present invention nodorum); Gibberella ear mold (e.g., e.g., Gibberella zeae, G. offer several advantages over currently used pesticides. First, Saubinetti); Aspergillus ear rot (e.g., Aspergillus flavus, A. the preferred essential oils used in the composition of the parasiticus); Diplodia ear rot (e.g., Diplodia maydis, D. mac invention are naturally occurring compounds, and as such are rospora); Fusarium ear rot (e.g., Fusarium moniliforme, F. relatively nontoxic to humans, domestic animals and wildlife. monilif var. subglutinans); Pythium stalk rot (e.g., Pythium Consequently, when used for treating plant pests, food crops aphanidermata); Anthracnose stalk rot (e.g., Colletotrichum can be treated using the composition up to and immediately graminicola, C. tucumanensis, Glomerella graminicola); before the harvesting period, a practice that generally is Diplodia stalk rot (e.g., Diplodia maydis, D. zeae-maydis, avoided when using conventional methods of pest control. Stenocarpella maydis, Macrodiplodia zeae, Sphaeria may The composition also can be used to control the growth of dis, S. Zeae, D. macrospora); Fusarium stalk rot (e.g., pest organisms on harvested crops. The harvested food can be Fusarium moniliforme); Gibberella stalk rot (e.g., G. zeae, G. used directly as food for animals or humans with little fear of saubinetti); Stewart's wilt & leaf blight (e.g., Erwinia stew (residual toxicity) or phytotoxicity. By using the Subject com artii); Northern corn leafblight (e.g., Exserohilum turcicum); positions, the environmental and health hazards involved in Southern corn leafblight (e.g., Bipolaris maydis); Gray leaf pest control are minimized. Because of the versatility and spot (e.g., Cercospora zeae-maydis, C. Sorghi var. maydis); broad spectrum of the present composition, when necessary, Anthracnose leaf blight (e.g., Colletotrichum graminicola); the composition can be used as a preventative on a repeated Common rust (e.g., Puccinia Sorghi, P maydis); Southern basis and, thus, can be integrated into integrated pest man rust (e.g., Puccinia polysora, Dicaeoma polysorum); Head agement (IPM) programs. The composition can be applied to Smut (e.g., Sphacelotheca reiliana); Common Smut (e.g., skin or to objects such as clothing, fur, feathers, or hair that Ustilago maydis); Carbonum leaf spot (e.g., Helminthospo come into contact with skin when used to treat pests that infest rium carbonum): Eye spot (e.g., Kabatiella zeae); Sorghum animals. The essential oils, i.e., the active ingredients, of the downy mildew (e.g., Peronosclerospora Sorghi); Brown pesticidal compositions of the present invention are believed stripe downy mildew (e.g., Sclerophthora rayssiae): Sugar to be biorational chemicals that may qualify for the US EPA cane downy mildew (e.g., Peronosclerospora sacchari); Phil Biopesticide Program. lipine downy mildew (e.g., Peronoscler: Philippinensis); Java 0053 Another advantage of the pesticidal compositions of downy mildew (e.g., Peronosclerospora maydis); Sponta the present invention is that they have not previously been neum downy mildew (e.g., Peronosclerospora spantanea): used against microorganisms, and therefore, fungal and bac Rajasthan downy mildew (e.g., Peronosclerospora hetero terial pathogens and other pest organisms have not acquired pogoni); Graminicola downy mildew (e.g., Sclerospora resistance to them. Disease resistance to chemicals other than graminicola); Rusts (e.g., Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, Puc the heavy metals occurs commonly in pests such as fungi and cinia recondita f.sp. tritici, Puccinia Striifornis); Smuts (e.g., on rare occasions in bacterial plant disease pests. A new Tilletia tritici, Tilletia controversa, Tilletia indica, Ustilago pesticide often becomes noticeably less effective against a tritici, Urocystis tritici): Root rots, Foot rots and Blights (e.g., particular disease after several growing seasons. As pesticides Gaeumannomyces graminis, Pythium spp., Fusarium cul become more specific for diseases, the pests become resis morum, Fusarium graminaerum, Fusarium avenaceum, tant. This can be attributed to the singular mode of action of a Drechslere tritici-repentis, Rhizoctonia spp., Colletotrichum particular pesticide, which disrupts only one genetically con graminicola, Helminthosporium spp., Microdochium nivale, trolled process in the metabolism of the pest organism. The Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides); Mildews (e.g., Ery result is that resistant populations appear Suddenly, either by siphe graminis f.sp. tritici, Sclerophthora macrospora), and selection of resistant individuals in a population or by a single the like. gene mutation. Generally, the more specific the site and mode 0055. The long term control of pests results in plants with of a pesticidal action, the greater the likelihood for a pest an improved quality and yields of produce by host plants as organism to develop a tolerance to that chemical. A new compared with untreated plants. The low concentration and composition will solve the disease resistance problem. To single dose of anti-pest agents decreases the likelihood of avoid developing future disease resistance in pests, different damage to the plant and/or its crop, and decreases the likeli chemicals should be alternated for treatment with the meth hood of adverse side effects to workers applying the pesticide, ods of the invention. or to animals, fish or fowl which ingest the tissues or parts of US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 treated plants. The methods of use of the pesticidal composi human parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis viruses tions of the invention will depend at least in part upon the pest types A, B, C, D, human Papillomavirus, molluscum conta to be treated and its feeding habits, as well as breeding and giosum virus, arboviruses, togaviruses, alphaviruses, flavivi nesting habits. While very minor dosage rates of the novel ruses, bunyaviruses, orbivirus, rabies virus, herpesvirus compositions will have an adverse effect on pests, adequate simiae, arenaviruses, filoviruses, and the like. control usually involves the application of a Sufficient amount 0057. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention to either eliminate pests entirely or significantly deter their provides a pesticidal composition comprising rosemary oil growth and/or rate of proliferation. Dosage rates required to and wintergreen oil in admixture with mineral oil, lecithin accomplish these effects, of course, vary depending on the and water. In this embodiment, rosemary oil is present in an target pest, size, and maturity, i.e., stage of growth. More amount of about 5-10%, wintergreen oil is present in an mature pests may be more resistant to pesticides and require amount of about 20-45%, and mineral oil present in an higher dosage rates for a comparable level of control. Dose amount of about 20-45%. response experiments using different dilutions (for example, 0058. In another embodiment, the present invention pro about 1:1000, 1:100, 1:10 and 1:3) of the pesticidal compo vides a pesticidal composition comprising rosemary oil and sitions of the present invention on target organisms and on wintergreen oil in admixture with mineral oil. In this embodi plants are performed to determine the optimal concentration ment, rosemary oil is present in an amount of about 5-20%, of the active essential oil compound(s) that show(s) pesticidal wintergreen oil is present in an amount of about 20-80%, and activity without phytotoxicity or dermal sensitivity. For mineral oil is present in an amount of about 5-45%. instance, when the pesticidal composition of the present 0059. In another embodiment, the present invention pro invention is utilized for agricultural purposes, an amount vides a pesticidal composition comprising rosemary oil and from about 0.1 to 2,000 (SMB has a question mark by this) wintergreen oil in admixture with thyme oil and mineral oil. g/ha of the active ingredients is employed onto the soil, plants, 0060. In another embodiment, the present invention pro or directly onto the harmful pests, preferably as an emulsifi vides a pesticidal composition comprising rosemary oil and able concentrate or emulsion usually at a rate from 1 to 2000 wintergreen oil inadmixture with 2-phenethylpropionate and mineral oil. 0056. In preferred embodiment, a pesticidal composition 0061. In another embodiment, the present invention pro of the present invention useful for treating (e.g., preventing, vides a pesticidal composition comprising rosemary oil and controlling, impeding, and the like) infectious or pathogenic wintergreen oil in admixture with 2-phenethyl propionate, bacterial, viral, microbial, and other diseases causing pests is safflower oil and mineral oil. provided which includes applying an effective amount of the 0062. In another embodiment, the present invention pro pesticidal composition to a locus in need thereof for control vides a pesticidal composition comprising rosemary oil and ling, treating, managing, preventing, or the like, the spread of wintergreen oil with a suitable carrier and optionally with a diseases caused by germs, bacteria, or viruses such as Suitable Surface active agent, with and without one or more Escherichia coli, salmonella, staphylococci, Streptococci, additional essential oil compounds and derivatives thereof, influenza, pneumonia, various blood and urine bacterial natural or synthetic, including racemic mixtures, enanti pathogens, and the like. The present invention further encom omers, diastereomers, hydrates, salts, Solvates and metabo passes treatment of the following: gram-positive cocci that lites, etc. Additional essential oils that may be included in the cause staphylococcal infections such as pneumonia, bacter pesticidal composition of the present invention include, with emia, osteomyelitis, enterocolitis, and the like; streptococci out limitation, members selected from the group consisting of that cause infections such as hemolytic, viridans, enterococci, C- or B-pinene; C-campholenic aldehyde, C.-citronellol; lactic, and the like; pneumococci that cause infections such as C-iso-amyl-cinnamic (e.g., amyl cinnamic aldehyde); pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis, Meningitis, and the like; gram C-pinene oxide, C-cinnamic terpinene; C-terpineol (e.g., negative cocci such as meningococcus, gonococcus, and the methods. 1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1-cyclohexen-8-ol); w-ter like; gram-positive bacilli that cause infections such as ery pinene; achillea; aldehyde C16 (pure); alpha-phellandrene; sipelothricosis, listeriosis, anthrax, nocardiosis, and the like; amyl cinnamic aldehyde; amyl salicylate; anethole; anise; gram-negative bacilli that cause infections such as enterobac aniseed; anisic aldehyde; basil: bay; benzyl acetate; benzyl teriaceac salmonella, Shigellosis, hemophilus, tularemia, alcohol; bergamot (e.g., Monardia fistulosa, Monarda plaque, melioidosis, bartonellosis, campylobacter, and nonc didyma, Citrus bergamia, Monarda punctata); bitter orange holera vibrio, and the like; anaerobic bacilli that cause infec peel; black pepper; borneol; calamus, camphor; cananga oil tions such as clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetany, (e.g., java); cardamom, carnation (e.g., dianthus Caryophyl clostridia of gas gangrene bacteroides, mixed anaerobic, acti lus); carvacrol; carveol; cassia; castor, cedar (e.g., hinoki); nomycosis, and the like; mycobacteria that cause infections cedarwood; chamomile, cineole: cinnamaldehyde; cinnamic Such as tuberculosis and leprosy, and the like; and spirochetes alcohol; cinnamon; cis-pinane; citral (e.g., 3.7-dimethyl-2,6- that cause diseases such as leptospirosis, lyme disease, and octadienal); citronella; citronellal; citronellol dextro (e.g., endemic treponematoses. Further, the present invention, the 3-7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol); citronellol; citronellyl acetate; pesticidal compositions may be useful for treating Surfaces citronellyl nitrile; citrus unshiu; clary sage; clove (e.g., euge containing infectious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). nia caryophyllus); clove bud; coriander, corn; cotton seed; influenza, A, B, and C, parainfluenza viruses 1-4, rhonovi d-dihydrocarvone; decyl aldehyde; diethyl phthalate; dihy ruses (common cold), mumps virus, adenoviruses, reoVi droanethole; dihydrocarveol; dihydrolinalool; dihy ruses, and epstein-Barr virus, infants and adult syncytial dromyrcene; dihydromyrcenol; dihydromyrcenyl acetate; virus, primary atypical pneumonia, polioviruses, coxsack dihydroterpineol; dimethyl salicylate: dimethyloctanal; dim ieviruses, echoviruses and high numbered viruses, epidemic ethyloctanol; dimethyloctanyl acetate; diphenyl oxide; dipro gastroenteritis viruses, rubeola virus, rubella virus, varicella pylene glycol; d-limonene; d-pulegone; estragole; ethyl van Zoster virus, herpes simplex, human herpes virus type 6, illin (e.g., 3-ethoxy-4-hydrobenzaldehyde); eucalyptol (e.g., US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 cineole); eucalyptus citriiodora, eucalyptus globulus, euca benzenoid aromatic compound containing at least one oxy lyptus, eugenol (e.g., 2-methoxy-4-allyl phenol); evening genated Substituent or side chain, or a monocarbocyclic ter primrose; fenchol; fennel; ferniol.tm.; fish; florazon (e.g., pene generally having a six membered ring bearing one or 4-ethyl-O.C.-dimethyl-benzenepropanal); galaxolide; more oxygenated Substituents. geraniol (e.g., 2-trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-8-ol); 0065. As plant essential oil compounds are known and geraniol, geranium; geranyl acetate; geranyl nitrile, ginger, used for other uses, they may be prepared by a skilled artisan grapefruit; guaiacol, guaiacwood; gurun balsam, heliotro by employing known methods. For example, the synthetic pin; herbanate (e.g., 3-(1-methyl-ethyl)bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-5- form of wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) may also be used ene-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester); hiba; hydroxycitronellal; in the embodiment. i-carvone; i-methyl acetate; ionone; isobutyl quinoleine (e.g., 0066. It will be appreciated by the skilled artisan that the 6-secondary butyl quinoline); isobornyl acetate; isobornyl pesticidal compositions of the present invention unexpect methylether, isoeugenol; isolongifolene; jasmine; jojoba; edly exhibit excellent pesticidal activities using two or more juniper berry; lavender; lavandin; lemon grass; lemon; lime; U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved plant essential limonene; linallol oxide; linallol; linalool; linallyl acetate; oils, in lieu of conventional pesticides which are not safe for linseed; litsea cubeba, 1-methyl acetate; longifolene; manda use in households and other sensitive areas, or in lieu of rin; mentha; menthane hydroperoxide; menthol crystals; pesticidal compositions containing individual plant essential menthol laevo (e.g., 5-methyl-2-isopropyl cyclohexanol); oils. It will also be appreciated by the skilled artisan that the menthol; menthone laevo (e.g., 4-isopropyl-1-methyl cyclo pesticidal compositions of the present invention provide hexan-3-one); methyl anthranilate; methyl cedryl ketone; affordable pesticidal formulations that are aesthetically methyl chavicol; methylhexyl ether; methyl ionone; mineral; acceptable. It will also be appreciated by the skilled artisan mint; musk ambrette; musk ketone; musk xylol; mustard (also known as allylisothio-cyanate); myrcene; nerol; neryl that the pesticidal compositions of the present invention acetate; nonyl aldehyde; nutmeg (e.g., myristica fragrams); unexpectedly exhibit excellent pesticidal activities, specifi orange (e.g., citrus aurantium dulcis); orris (e.g., iris floren cally knockdown and mortality, using water-based emulsions tina) root; para-cymene; para-hydroxyphenylbutanone crys in both pressurized (e.g. an aerosol) and non-pressurized tals (e.g., 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone); passion palma systems in lieu of oil based solvent systems. rosa oil (e.g., cymbopogon martini); patchouli (e.g., 0067. Without wishing to be bound by the following theo pogostemon cablin); p-cymene; pennyroyal oil; pepper, pep ries, it is believed that the plant essential oils attack a pests permint (e.g., mentha piperita); perillaldehyde; petitgrain nervous system or may act as Phase I and/or Phase II drug (e.g., citrus aurantium amara); phenyl ethyl alcohol; phenyl metabolizing enzyme inhibitors. Alternatively, pesticidal ethyl propionate; phenyl ethyl-2-methylbutyrate; pimento compositions of the present invention may act via an alterna berry; pimento leaf pinane hydroperoxide; pinanol; pine tive mode of action, as agonists or antagonists against the ester; pine needle; pine; pinene; piperonal; piperonyl acetate; nerve receptor Systems that are distinct to invertebrates, e.g., piperonyl alcohol; plinol; plinyl acetate; pseudo ionone; the octopamine receptor system. As octopamine agonists, the rhodinol, rhodinyl acetate; rosalin; rose; rosemary (e.g., ros pesticidal compositions of the present invention act by bind marinus officinalis); ryu, sage; Sandalwood (e.g., Santalum ing to a receptor that activates adenylate cyclase which, in album); sandenol; Sassafras; Sesame; soybean; spearmint; turn, produces secondary messenger cyclic AMP. The cyclic spice; spike lavender, spirantol; Starflower, tangerine; tea AMP acts by binding to a cyclic AMP receptor generating seed; tea tree; terpenoid; terpineol; terpinolene; terpinyl hormonal-type activity. Pesticidal compositions of the acetate; tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate; tetrahydrolinalool; tet present invention are highly active and are believed to have rahydrolinallyl acetate; tetrahydromyrcenol; thulasi, thyme; activities unexpectedly greater than octopamine. The term "octopamine agonist’ is meant to indicate a compound that thymol; tomato; trans-2-hexenol; trans-anethole and metabo mimics at least Some of the effects of octopamine by interac lites thereof, turmeric; turpentine; Vanillin (e.g., 4-hydroxy tion with the octopamine receptor. For example, an octopam 3-methoxy benzaldehyde); Vetiver; vitalizair; white cedar; ine agonist, like endogenous octopamine, may affect many white grapefruit; (wintergreen) and the like. areas of insect physiology, including carbohydrate metabo 0063. In a further example embodiment, suitable essential lism, lipid mobilization, hematocyte function, heart rate, oils or their constituents may include, but are not limited to, peripheral muscle tension and excitability, and behavior. members selected from the group consisting of aldehyde C16 Thus, overactivation of the octopamine system in certain (pure), alpha-terpineol, amyl cinnamic aldehyde, amyl sali pests by an octopamine agonist may lead to behavioral and cylate, anisic aldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, cin physiological abnormalities that have pestistatic and pesti namaldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, carvacrol, carveol, citral, cidal consequences. As octopamine agonists, the pesticidal citronellal, citronellol, dimethyl salicylate, eucalyptol (cin compositions of the present invention act as highly selective eole), eugenol, iso-eugenol, galaxolide, geraniol, guaiacol, pest control agents since vertebrate species—as opposed to ionone, d-limonene, menthol, methyl anthranilate, methyl invertebrate, e.g., insect, species—lack octopamine recep ionone, methyl salicylate, alpha-phellandrene, pennyroyal tors. As a result, any octopamine-receptor containing pest is oil, perillaldehyde, 1- or 2 phenyl ethyl alcohol, 1- or 2-phe treatable or controllable by the pesticidal compositions of the nyl ethyl propionate, piperonal, piperonyl acetate, piperonyl present invention. These pests include all invertebrate pests, alcohol, D-pulegone, terpinen-4-ol, terpinyl acetate, 4-tert including, but not limited to, round worms (e.g., hookworm, butylcyclohexyl acetate, thyme oil (white and red), thymol, trichina, ascaris); flatworms (e.g., liver flukes and tape trans-anethole, Vanillin, ethyl Vanillin, and the like. worms); jointed worms (e.g., leeches); molluscs (e.g., para 0064. In an example embodiment, each plant essential oil sitic Snails); and arthropods (insects, spiders, centipedes, mil or derivative thereof, which may be extracted from natural lipedes, crustaceans (e.g., barnacles)). In particular, included Sources or synthetically made, generally contains as a major among the arthropods are ticks; mites (both plant and ani constituent an acyclic monoterpene alcohol or aldehyde, a mal); lepidoptera (butterflies and moths and their larvae); US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

hemiptera (bugs); homoptera (aphids, scales); and coleoptera constituents of pest control, and they may be used in the Soil, (beetles). Also included are spiders; anoplura (lice); diptera upon the seeds, or the roots of plants without injuring either (flies and mosquitoes); trichoptera; orthoptera (e.g., roaches); the seeds or roots of plants. They may also be used in com odonta; thysanura (e.g., silverfish); collembola (e.g., fleas); bination with other pesticidally active compounds. dermaptera (earwigs); isoptera (termites); ephemerids (may 0072 The term “carrier as used herein means an inert or flies); plecoptera; mallophaga (biting lice); thysanoptera; and fluid material, which may be inorganic or organic and of siphonaptera (fleas); dictyoptera (roaches); pSocoptera (e.g., synthetic or natural origin, with which the active compound is booklice); and certain hymenoptera (e.g., those whose larva mixed or formulated to facilitate its application to the con feed on leaves). In another embodiment of the invention, there tainer or carton or other object to be treated, or its storage, is provided a method for controlling pests by treating said transport and/or handling. The pesticidal compositions of the pests with an octopamine agonist of the invention in an instant invention also typically comprise an inert carrier, in an amount effective to provide pest control, by either pesticidal amount in which the inert carrier can assist the instant active or pestistatic activity. ingredient to be carried through a process or method of con 0068. In one aspect, the pesticidal compositions may use trolling pests. As such an amount of the inert carrier, the surfactants as part of the delivery or carrier system. The inventive pesticidal compositions preferably comprise the presence of nonionic, cationic oranionic Surfactants, such as, inert carrier in an amount of from about 5-99.9%, provided Sodium lauryl Sulfate, nonyl phenoxypolyoxyethylene and that such a carrier is a solid, liquid or gas carrier, or a combi hydrogenated tallow dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, nation thereof. In such a case, examples of the Solid carriers can be used as adjuvants. Adjuvants are believed to confer the that may be in the pesticidal compositions of the instant broad spectrum pesticidal activity on the composition by invention include clays such as kaolin, diatomaceous earth, acting as a wetting, dispersing and/or emulsifying agent that bentonite, fubasami clay and terra alba, synthetic hydrated facilitates or aids in the spreading of the active rosemary and silicon oxides, talc, ceramics, other inorganic minerals which wintergreen oils across an insect or larva, providing for a are useful in producing formulated compositions such as more uniform and rapid penetration of the oils through the sericite, quartz, Sulfur, active carbons and calcium carbonate, exoskeleton (if present), thus permitting the oils to exert their chemical fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium pesticidal activity on the internal organs and/or nervous sys phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium chloride, tem of the insect or larva. Non-limiting examples of anionic and the like, as well as powders thereof, granules thereof, and Surfactants such as salts of fatty acids, alkyl Sulphates, alkyl a mixture thereof; examples of the liquid carriers that may be ether Sulphonates and alkylaryl Sulphonates. Other examples in the pesticidal compositions of the instant invention include of preferred surfactants include sodium dodecyl benzene water, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, aromatic Sulfonic acid, alcohol ethoxylate, olefin Sulfonate, and modi hydrocarbons such as toluene, Xylene, ethylbenzene and alkyl fied phthalic glycerol alkyd resins such as Latron B1956. naphthalenes, non-aromatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, 0069. In another aspect, the plant essential oils of the cyclohexane, kerosene, isoparoffinic and normal paroffinic present invention may act as solvents against the waxy cuticle Solvents and light oils, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl protecting invertebrate pests, thereby penetrating the cuticle acetate, nitrites Such as acetonitrile and isobutylonitrile, and causing fast knockdown and mortality. The plant essen ethers such as diisopropyl ether and dioxane, amides Such as tial oils may penetrate the cuticle and contact the nerve end N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide, halo ings in the invertebrate pest’s trachea, and cause neurotoxic genated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloroet activity. In any event, the net effect of the toxicity and action hane and carbon tetrachloride, dimethylsulfoxide, botanical of the inventive composition disclosed herein is heretofore oils such as Soy oil and cotton seed oil, and the like, and a unknown and unexpected. mixture thereof, and examples of the gas carriers that may be 0070 Use of pesticidal compositions of the present inven in the aerosol form of pesticidal compositions of the instant tion generally results in fast knockdown and 100% mortality invention include propellants such as butanegas, propanegas, on contact. As such, they are advantageously employed as liquid petroleum gas, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, and the pesticidal agents in uses such as, without limitation, house like, and a mixture thereof. holds, lawn and garden applications, agriculture, organic 0073. In general, any of the materials customarily farming, greenhouse/nursery applications, stored product employed in formulating pesticides, (insecticides, miticides, applications, professional pest control, pet bedding, foliage herbicides, fungicides, etc.) are suitable. The inventive pesti application, underwater or Submerged application, Solid cidal compositions of the present invention may be employed treatment, soil incorporation application, seedling box treat alone or in the form of mixtures with such solid and/or liquid ment, stalk injection and planting treatment, ornamentals, dispersible carrier vehicles and/or other known compatible termites, mosquitoes, fire ants, head lice, dust mites, etc. Use active agents such as other insecticides, acaricides, nemati of the pesticidal compositions of the present invention gen cides, fungicides, bactericides, rodenticides, herbicides, fer erally provides repellency to pests, and as such are advanta tilizers, growth-regulating agents, etc., if desired, or in the geously employed as plant protectants. form of particular dosage preparations for specific applica 0071. With respect to soil, the pesticidal compositions tion made therefrom, such as Solutions, emulsions, Suspen resist weathering which includes wash-off caused by rain, sions, powders, pastes, and granules which are thus ready for decomposition by ultra-violet light, oxidation, or hydrolysis use. The pesticidal compositions of the present invention can in the presence of moisture or, at least Such decomposition, be formulated or mixed with, if desired, conventional inert oxidation and hydrolysis as would materially decrease the pesticide diluents or extenders of the type usable in conven desirable pesticidal characteristic of the pesticidal composi tional pesticide formulations or compositions, e.g. conven tions or impart undesirable characteristics to the pesticidal tional pesticide dispersible carrier vehicles such as gases, compositions. The pesticidal compositions are so chemically Solutions, emulsions, Suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, inert that they are compatible with substantially any other spray powders, pastes, Soluble powders, dusting agents, gran US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

ules, foams, pastes, tablets, aerosols, natural and synthetic calcium and magnesium carbonates, Sulfur, flours, and other materials impregnated with active compounds, microcap organic and inorganic Solids which act as carriers for the Sules, coating compositions for use on seeds, and formula pesticide. These finely divided solids preferably have an aver tions used with burning equipment. Such as fumigating car age particle size of less than about 5 microns. A typical dust tridges, fumigating cans and fumigating coils, as well as ULV formulation useful for controlling insects contains 5 parts of cold mist and warm mist formulations, etc. In addition, min pesticidal composition and 95 parts of diatomaceous earth or eral oil and the essential oils disclosed herein (e.g., safflower Vermiculite. Granules may comprise porous or nonporous oil, benzyl alcohol, citronellal, d-limonene, soybean oil, particles. The granule particles are relatively large, a diameter sesame oil, etc.) may also serve as diluents or carriers in the of about 400-2500 microns typically. The particles are either pesticidal compositions of the present invention. impregnated or coated with the inventive pesticidal compo 0074 Formulations containing the pesticidal composi sitions from solution. Granules generally contain 0.05-25%. tions of the present invention may be prepared in any known preferably 0.5-15%, active ingredient as the pesticidally-ef manner, for instance by extending the pesticidal composi fective amount. Thus, the contemplated are formulations with tions with conventional liquid carriers and/or dispersible solid carriers or diluents such as bentonite, fullers earth, solid carriers optionally with the use of carrier vehicle assis ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, tants, e.g. conventional pesticide Surface-active agents, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, including emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents, Vermiculite, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly whereby, for example, in the case where water is used as dispersed silicic acid, alumina and silicates, crushed and frac diluent, organic solvents may be added as auxiliary Solvents. tionated natural rocks Such as calcite, marble, pumice, Sepio Suitable liquid diluents or carriers include water, petroleum lite and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic distillates, or other liquid carriers with or without surface and organic meals, and granules of organic materials such as active agents. The choice of dispersing and emulsifying sawdust, peanuts, apple pomace, recycled paper, coconut agents and the amount employed is dictated by the nature of shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks. Adhesives, such as car the composition and the ability of the agent to facilitate the boxymethyl cellulose, natural and synthetic polymers, (Such dispersion of the pesticidal compositions of the present inven as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate), and tion. Non-ionic, anionic, amphoteric, or cationic dispersing the like, may also be used in the formulations in the form of and emulsifying agents may be employed, for example, the powders, granules or emulsifiable concentrations. condensation products of alkylene oxides with phenol and 0077. Further, the pesticidal compositions of the instant organic acids, alkyl aryl Sulfonates, complex ether alcohols, invention may additionally contain a coloring agent, a formu quarternary ammonium compounds, and the like. lation auxiliary, or a combination thereof. As such, examples 0075 Liquid concentrates may be prepared by dissolving of such coloring agents that may be utilized in the pesticidal a composition of the present invention with a solvent and compositions of the instant invention include inorganic pig dispersing the pesticidal compositions of the present inven ments such as metal oxides, titanium oxides and Prussian tions in water with Suitable Surface active emulsifying and blue, organic dyes such as alizarine dyes, azo dyes and metal dispersing agents. Examples of conventional carrier vehicles lic phthalocyanine dyes, iron, manganese, boron, copper, for this purpose include, but are not limited to, aerosol organic cobalt, molybdenum, Zinc and salts thereof, and the like, or a Solvents, such as aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, tolu mixture thereof, and examples of Such formulation auxilia ene, Xylene, alkyl naphthalenes, etc.), halogenated especially ries that may be utilized in the pesticidal compositions of the chlorinated, aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. chloro-benzenes, instant invention include attaching and/or dispersing agents, etc.), cycloalkanes, (e.g. cyclohexane, etc.). paraffins (e.g. Surfactants, stabilizers, and the like, or a mixture thereof. petroleum or mineral oil fractions), chlorinated aliphatic 0078 If desired, colorants such as inorganic pigments, for hydrocarbons (e.g. methylene chloride, chloroethylenes, example, iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and etc.), alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs or glycol, etc.) as well as ethers and esters thereof (e.g. glycol metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace elements, such as monomethyl ether, etc.), amines (e.g. ethanolamine, etc.), salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum amides (e.g. dimethyl formamide etc.) Sulfoxides (e.g. dim and Zinc may be used. ethyl sulfoxide, etc.), acetonitrile, ketones (e.g. acetone, 0079. In commercial applications, the present invention methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, encompasses carrier composition mixtures in which the pes etc.), and water. ticidal compositions are present in an amount Substantially 0076 Surface-active agents, i.e., conventional carrier between about 0.01-100% by weight, and preferably 0.5-90% vehicle assistants, that may be employed with the present by weight, of the mixture, whereas carrier composition mix invention include, without limitation, emulsifying agents, tures Suitable for direct application or field application gen Such as non-ionic and/or anionic emulsifying agents (e.g. erally contemplate those in which the active compound is polyethylene oxide esters of fatty acids, polyethylene oxide present in an amount substantially between about 0.0001 ethers of fatty alcohols, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, aryl 10%, preferably 0.01-2%, by weight of the mixture. Thus, the Sulfonates, albumin hydrolyZates, etc. and especially alkyl present invention contemplates over-all formulations that arylpolyglycol ethers.In the preparation of wettable powders, comprise mixtures of a conventional dispersible carrier dust or granulated formulations, the active ingredient is dis vehicle such as (1) a dispersible inert finely divided carrier persed in and on an appropriately divided carrier. In the for Solid, and/or (2) a dispersible carrier liquid Such as an inert mulation of the wettable powders the aforementioned dis organic solvent and/or water, preferably including a surface persing agents as well as lignoSulfonates can be included. active effective amount of a carrier vehicle assistant, e.g. a Dusts are admixtures of the compositions with finely divided Surface-active agent. Such as an emulsifying agent and/or a Solids Such as talc, attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, pyrophyllite, dispersing agent, and an amount of the active compound chalk, diatomaceous earth, Vermiculite, calcium phosphates, which is effective for the purpose in question and which is US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 generally between about 0.0001-100%, and preferably 0.01 gossypii), blackbean aphids (Aphis fabae); arachnids such as 95%, by weight of the mixture. spiders, ticks and plant mites, including two-spotted spider 0080. The pesticidal compositions can also be used in mites (Tetronmychua urticae), McDaniel mites, Pacific mites accordance with so-called ultra-low-volume process, i.e. by and European mites; gastropods such as slugs and Snails; applying Such compounds or by applying a liquid composi fungi such as powdery mildew including cladosporium, tion containing the same, via very effective atomizing equip Strawberry powdery mildew, rusts, botrytis, ergots, blight, ment, infinely divided form, e.g. average particle diameter of downy mildew, eutypa, leaf spot, Smut, Chytridimycota, from 50-100 microns, or even less, i.e. mist form, for example Zygomycota, Asomycota, ringworm, rhizopus, rhizoctonia, by airplane crop spraying techniques. In this process it is pythium and erwinia, nematodes; and bacteria. Further tar possible to use highly concentrated liquid compositions with geted pests controlled by the pesticidal composition of the said liquid carrier vehicles containing from about 20 to 95% present invention are, for example, the pillbugs and Isopoda by weight of the pesticidal compositions or even the 100% (Sowbugs) such as Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare active substances alone, e.g. about 20-100% by weight of the (Latreille pillbug) and Porcellio Scarber, Pieris rapae cru pesticidal compositions. The concentration in the liquid con civora (common cabbageworm), Spodoptera litura (tobac centrate will usually vary from about 10 to 95 percent by cocutworm). Thrips palmi (melon thrips), Empoasca Onuki weight. Furthermore, the present invention encompasses (tea green leafhopper), Phyllonorycter ringoniella (apple methods for killing, combating or controlling invertebrate leafminer), Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus (rice water weevil), pests, which comprises applying to at least one of correspond Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle), Phyllotreta (striped flea ingly (a) Such invertebrate pests and (b) the corresponding beetle), Tetranychus kanzawai (Kanzawa spidermite), habitat thereof, i.e. the locus to be protected, e.g. to the house Polyphagotarisonemus latus (broad mite); Diplopoda Such as hold, a correspondingly combative, a pesticidally effective Blanilus guttulatus (millepede); Chilopoda Such as Geophi amount, or toxic amount of the particular pesticidal compo lus carpophagus, Scutigera spp., Scolopendra subspini and sitions of the invention alone or together with a carrier as Thereunema spp., Symphyla Such as Scutigerella immacu noted above. The instant formulations or compositions may lata, Thysanura (bristletails) such as Ctenolepisma villosa be applied in any suitable usual manner, for instance by (oriental silverfish) and Lepisma saccharina (silverfish); Pso spraying, atomizing, Vaporizing, scattering, dusting, water coptera such as Trogium pulsatorium (larger pale booklice); ing, Squirting, sprinkling, pouring, fumigating, and the like. Collembola (snowfleas) such as Onichiurus armatus, The method for controlling invertebrate pests such as cock Isoptera (termites) such as Mastotermitidae, Termopsidae roaches and ants comprises applying the inventive composi (e.g. Zootermopsis, ArchOtermopsis, Hodotermopsis, Porote tion, ordinarily in a formulation of one of the aforementioned mes), Kalotermitidae (e.g. Kalotermes, Neotermes, Crypto types, to a locus or area to be protected from the cockroaches termes, Incisitermes, Glyptotermes), Hodotermitidae (e.g. and/orants, such as the household. The compound, of course, Hodotermes, Microhodotermes, Anacanthotermes), Rhino is applied in an amount Sufficient to effect the desired action. termitidae (e.g. Reticulitermes, Heterotermes, Coptotermes, This dosage is dependent upon many factors, including the Schedolinotermes), Serritermitidae and Termitidae (e.g. Ani targeted pest, the carrier employed, the method and condi termes, Drepanotermes, Hopitalitermes, Trinervitermes, tions of the application, whether the formulation is present at Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Microtermes, Nasutitermes, the locus in the form of an aerosol, or as a film, or as discrete Pericapritermes, Anopilotermes); Dictyoptera (cockroaches) particles, the thickness offilm or size of particles, and the like. Such as Blatta Orientalis (oriental cockroach), Periplaneta Proper consideration and resolution of these factors to pro americana (American cockroach), Periplaneta fuliginosa vide the necessary dosage of the active compound at the locus (Smokybrown cockroach), Leucophaea maderae and Blat to be protected are within the skill of those versed in the art. tella germanica (German cockroach); Orthoptera Such as In general, however, the effective dosage of the compound of Gryllotapa spp. (mole cricket), Acheta domesticus, Teleog this invention at the locus to be protected, i.e., the dosage with ryllus emma (field cricket), Locusta migratoria (asiatic which the pest comes in contact-is of the order of about 0.001 locust/oriental migratory locust), Melanoplus differentialis to about 5.0% based on the total weight of the formulation, and Schistocera gregaria, Dermaptera (earwigs) such as though under Some circumstances the effective concentration Labidura riparia and Forficula auricularia, Anoplura Such as will be as little as 0.0001% or as much as 20%, on the same Phthirus pubis, Pediculus humanus, Haematopinus Sulus, basis. Linognathus spp. and Solenopotes spp., Mallophaga Such as 0081. The pesticidal compositions and methods of the Trichodectes spp., Tromenopon spp., Bovicola spp. and Feli present invention are effective in the control of different spe cola spp.; Thysanoptera (thrips) such as Frankiniella intonsa cies of invertebrate pests and it will be understood that the (flower thrips), onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (cotton seedling pests exemplified and evaluated in the working Examples thrips) and Thrips palmi, Heteroptera Such as Nezara spp., herein is representative of such a wider variety. By way of Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Cimex lectularis, example, but not limitation, the pesticidal compositions of the Triatoma spp., Rhodnius prolixus, Nezara antennata (green present invention are also useful for control of pests Such as Stink bug) and Cletus punctiger, Homoptera Such as Aleuro fleas, mosquitoes, bees Such as yellow jackets and wasps, canthus spiniferus (citrus spiny whitefly), Bemisia tabaci cockroaches including the American and German cockroach, (Sweetpotato whitefly), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (green termites, houseflies and silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia argen house whitefly), cotton asphid, Aphis gossypii (melonaphid), tifolii), leafhoppers such as the grape or potato leafhoppers Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage asphid), Cryptomyzus ribis, (Cicidellidae), cabbage looper (Lepidoptera), ants such as the Aphis fabae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid), Myzus pharaoh ant, argentine ant, carpenterant and fire ant, Stink or persicae (green peach aphid), Phorodon humuli, Empoasca lygus bugs, leafminers (Liriomyza trifolii), western flower spp., Nephootettix cincticeps (green rice leafhopper), Leca thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and Sucking or chewing nium corni (brown Scale), Saissetia oleae (black Scale), Lao insects such as thrips and aphids such as melonaphids (Aphis delphax striatellus (Small brown plant hopper), Nilaparvata US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 lugens (brown rice planthopper), Aonidiella aurantii (red I0082 While the composition of the present invention has scale), Aspidiotus hederae (ivy Scale), Pseudococcus spp., the excellent pesticidal activities against various species of Psylla spp. and Phylloxera vastrix, Lepidoptera Such as Pec pests, it shows particularly favorable efficacy for control of tinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm), Lithocolletis blan vector or nuisance pests including cockroaches Such as Ger cardella, Plutella xyloste (diamondback moth), Malacosoma man cockroach (Blattella germanica), Smokybrown cock neustria (tent catapillar), Euproctis subflava (oriental tussock roach (Periplaneta fuliqinosa), American cockroach moth), Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), Bucculatrix pyri (Periplaneta americana), brown cockroach (Periplaneta vorella (pear leafminer), Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf brunnea) and oriental cockroach (Blatta Orientalis), house miner), Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis mites Such as mold mite (Trophagus putrescentiae), Ameri spp., Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera litura can house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) and Chey letid mites (Chelacaropsis), fleas such as cat flea (Cteno (common cutworm), Spodoptera spp., Mamestra brassicae cephalides felis), mosquitos such as brown house mosquito (cabbage armyworm), Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa (Culex pipiens pallens) and Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephe albOpictus), and flies such as housefly (Musca domestica), stia kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth), Galleria mel and wood pests including termites Such as Formosan Subster lonella (greater wax moth), Tineola bisselliella (webbing ranean termite (Copptotermes formosanus), Japanese subter clothes moth), Tenea translucens, oriental tea tortrix ranean termite (Reticuliterinessperatus), American common (Homona magnanima) and Totrix viridana, Coleoptera dry-wood termite (Incistermes minor), Daikoku dry-wood (beetles) such as Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica termite (Cryptotermes domesticus), Odontotermes formosa (lesser grain borer), Acanthoscelides obectus (bean weevil), nus, Coptotermes formosanus, Reticulitermes speratus, R. Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochle flavipes, R. hesperus, R. virginicus, R. tibialis, Incisitermes ariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes angusticollis (Solanum flea minor, Cryptotermes domesticus, Odontotermes formosanus, beetle), Phyllotreta striolata (striped flea beetle), Epilachna and Heterotermes aureus, termite species of the families (and spp., Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed pest genera) Mastotermitidae (Mastotermes species), grain beetle), Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otriorhyn Hodotermididae (Anacanthotermes, Zootermopsis species), chus sulcatus (black vine weevil), Cosmopolites Sordidus Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes, Heterotermes, Reticuliter (banana weevil borer), Ceuthorhyncidius albOsuturalis, mes, Psammotermes, Prorhinotermes, Schedorhinotermes Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), Dermestes spp., Trogoderma species), Kalotermitidae (Glyoptotermes, Neotermes, Cryp spp., Attagenus unicolor (black carpet beetle), Lyctus spp., totermes, Incisitermes, Kalotermes, Marginitermes species), Melligethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Gibbium psylloides, Tribo Serritermitidae, and Termitidae (Pericapritermes, Allodon lium spp., Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm), Agriotes termes, Microtermes, Odontotermes, Nasutitermes, Termes, spp., Melolontha mololontha, Scolytidae (e.g. Xvleborus and Amitermes, Globitermes, Microcerotermes species), Termop Scolytoplatypus), Cerambycidae (e.g. Monochamus, sidae (Hodotermopsis, Zootermopsis species), and other pest Hylotrupes, Hesperophanus, Chlorophorus, Palaeocal species of termites, raw logvermin Such as bark beetles (Sco lidium, Semamotus, Purpuricenus, Stromatium), Platypo lytidae), longicorn beetles (Cerambycidae), weevils (Curcu didae (e.g. Crossotarsus, Platypus), Bostrychidae (e.g. Din lionidae), pinhole borers (Platypodidae) and horntails (Siri oderus, Bostrychus, Sinoderus), Anobiidae (e.g. Ernobius, cidae), and dry wood vermin Such as powderpost beetle Anobium, Xyletinus, Xestobium, Ptilinus, Nicobium, Ptilineu (Lyctus brunneus), false powderpost beetles (Bostrychidae), rus) and Buprestidae; Hymenoptera Such as Diprion spp., deathwatch and drugstore beetles (Anobiidae) and dry Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Formica japonica, Vespa spp., wooden longicorn bettle (Stromatium longicorne). and Siricidae (e.g. Urocerus, Sirex); Diptera such as Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, I0083. An exemplary method for controlling pests com Musca domestica (housefly), Fannia spp., Caliphora spp., prises applying (Such as by spraying) to a pest or site of pest Lucilia spp., Chrysomya spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus infestation, a pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus composition of the present invention in an amount Sufficient spp., Bibio hortulanus, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitus capi to prevent infestation of the host and the composition does not tata, Dacus dorsalis (oriental fruit fly), Tipula paludosa, damage the host’s tissue. Of particular interest is use of the Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Culi pesticide compositions of the invention in treating fungal coides spp., Chrysops spp., Haematopota spp., Braula spp., infestations of fruit bearing plants such as Strawberry plants. Morelia spp., Glossina spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga By treatment of a diseased plant with the composition of the spp., Lipoptena spp., Mellophagus spp. and Muscina spp.; invention in an amount Sufficient to treat Such a fungal infes Siphonaptera Such as Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus tation, pests such as powdery mildew can be controlled or spp., Pulex spp. (human flea) and Ctenocephalides spp. (cat eliminated, thus restoring the plant to a healthy state. Also of fleaf dog flea); Arachnida Such as Scorpio maurus, Latrodec particular interest is use of the pesticide compositions of the tus mactans and Chiracanthium spp., mites such as Otodectus invention in controlling arthropod infestations of ornamental spp., Acarus siro (grain mite), Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., plants such as roses. By treatment of a diseased plant with the Ornithonyssus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Eriophyes spp., composition of the invention in an amount Sufficient to treat Chelacaropsis moorei, Dermatophagoides spp., Psoroptes Such a arthropod infestation, pests Such as aphids and spider equi, Chorioptes spp., Saracoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., clo mites can be controlled or eliminated, thus restoring the plant Vermite (Bryobia praetiosa), Panonychus spp., Tetranychus to a healthy state. spp. (spider mites), Raillietas spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Ster I0084. Use of pesticides is regulated in the United States by nostorma spp., Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Myobia spp., the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under authority Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listropho of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act rus spp., Trophagus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., (FIFRA). Tolerance for residues of pesticides in agricultural Cytodides spp., Laminosioptes spp.; and the like. commodities are established by the (EPA) and enforced by US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under authority of ods of the invention, meets the mortality, modulation or pre the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). This vention criteria above, and preferably has minimal or no regulatory environment leads to another aspect of this inven adverse effect on ornamental and agricultural plants (such as tion, which is an article of manufacture. In this aspect a phytotoxicity), wildlife and humans that may come into con pesticidally active composition of the present invention is tact with Such compound. sold in a container that will be suitable for storing the com I0086. The composition and method of the present inven position for its shelf life. Associated with the container is tion will be further illustrated in the following, non-limiting printed instructions and/or a printed label indicating that the Examples. The Examples are illustrative of various embodi Subject composition can be used to control pests, i.e., used as ments only and do not limit the claimed invention regarding a pesticide and providing instructions for using the composi the materials, conditions, weight ratios, process parameters tion for pesticidal purposes in accordance with the treatment and the like recited herein. method set forth herein. The container may have associated with it a delivery device that allows the composition to be EXAMPLE 1. applied to the pest population or to the area to be treated. For liquid compositions this is generally a hand-operated, motor Pesticidal Effects of Rosemary Oil and Wintergreen ized or pressurized pressure-driven sprayer. The container Oil may be made of any Suitable material Such as a polymer, glass, metal, or the like. Usually, the labeling is associated 0087 Studies were conducted to evaluate the individual with the container by being adhered to the container, or toxicity, in terms of speed of action and mortality, of rosemary accompanying the container in a package sold to the user. oil and wintergreen oil against American cockroaches, and Such label may indicate that the composition is approved for then a blend of these two oils to determine if similar toxic use as a pesticide. The instructions will spell out the type of effects could be obtained using a proprietary blend that was pests for which the pesticidal composition is to be used, the less expensive to produce and easier to employ in different application method, the rate of application, dilution require end-use formulations. Methyl salicylate was used as winter green oil. American cockroaches were confined under a ments, use precautions, and the like. screened cap and then sprayed with approximately 3.7 grams 0085. The efficacy of the pesticidal compositions of the of each test chemical using a trigger sprayer. Immediately present invention may be monitored by determining the mor after spraying, the insects were released into a large plastic tality of or damage to the pest population, i.e., by determining container and observed for signs of toxicity. Three American its adverse effect upon treated pests. This includes damage to cockroaches were used in each experiment. The times for the pests, inhibition or modulation of pest growth, inhibition immobilization (IM), knockdown (KD), and mortality were of pest reproduction by slowing or arresting its proliferation, recorded for each test insect. An untreated control was pro or complete destruction/death of the pest, all of which are vided. No mortality was observed in the control. encompassed by the term “controlling. The term "pesticid ally effective amount' is an amount of the compound of the invention, or a composition containing the compound, that IM KD Mortality has an adverse affect on at least 25% of the pests treated, more 100% Methyl Salicylate 31 sec >2 min preferably at least 50%, most preferably at least 70% or 1 m 35 sec >2 min greater. Preferably, an “effective pest-inhibiting amount” is 45 sec >2 min an amount of the compound of the invention, or a composition 100% Rosemary Oil 10 sec 1 m 15 sec 10 sec 1 m 46 sec containing the compound, where 25% or greater mortality 48 sec >2 min against pests is achieved, preferably 50% or greater, more 80% Methyl Salicylate 10 sec 1 m 05 sec preferably 70% or greater mortality. Similarly, an “effective 20% Rosemary Oil 20 sec 1 m 23 sec pest-growth modulating amount' is preferably one where 8 sec 40 sec 25% or greater pest-growth modulation is achieved, prefer ably 50% or greater, more preferably 70% of greater. The 0088. The above data demonstrates the fast action of rose term “amount sufficient to prevent infestation' is also used mary oil in terms of both knockdown and mortality as com herein and is intended to mean an amount that is Sufficient to pared to wintergreen oil. The study further demonstrates that deter all but an insignificant sized pest population so that a a proprietary blend of rosemary oil with wintergreen oil will disease or infected state is prevented. The actual value of a pesticidally effective amount for a given compound is pref perform as well or better than rosemary oil by itself. The ratio erably determined by routine Screening procedures employed of wintergreen oil to rosemary oil in this blend is 4:1. to evaluate pesticidal activity and efficacy, Such as are well EXAMPLE 2 known by those skilled in the art and as are described in the Examples. It is expected that compounds of the invention having a higher level of pesticidal activity can be used in Pesticidal Effects of Rosemary Oil and Wintegreen Smaller amounts and concentrations, while those having a Oil with Mineral Oil Against Plant Pests lower level of activity may require larger amounts or concen I0089. A formulation (DR-A-034) consisting of 5% w/w trations in order to achieve the same pesticidal effect. Efficacy rosemary oil, 22.5% w/w wintergreen oil, 22.5% w/w mineral is also monitored by phytotoxicity to the plants that are oil, 0.5% w/w lecithin (emulsifier), and 49.5% w/w water was infested with the pest population, tissue damage to the host prepared and labeled HexacideTM. HexacideTM was applied in infected with the pest population and any adverse effects that dilute form at different rates per acre to the pests itemized might be experienced by a human user who is applying the below in various greenhouse and field studies. In all of these composition to an infested plant or animal. Accordingly, the studies, positive controls consisting of conventional pesti amount of composition or active compound used in the meth cides were utilized for comparative efficacy. In laboratory and US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

greenhouse tests, the following exemplary pests were suc TABLE 2 cessfully controlled with HEXACIDETM. Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (p = 0.05, Duncan's New MRT) DAT = days after treatment Common Name Scientific Name Latron B-956 at 0.0625% viv used as adjuvant Three replicates per treatment. 125 GPA Boll Weevil Anthonomis grandis Number of Live Number of Live Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decenlineata Nymphs% Control Adults 96 Control Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae (Pretreatment (Pretreatment Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Rate 1 DAT 2 DAT) 1 DAT 2 DAT) Strawberry Aphid Chaetosiphos fragaefolii Untreated Control O 32.O a 25.3a Western Flower Thrips Frankinei Occidentais 42.3a 26.8 a 47.5 a. 27.0 a Two Spotted Spidermite Tetranychus urticae HEXACIDETM 256 oz. 37.O a 313 a Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua 0.8a. 3.S. b Blackheaded Fireworm Rhopoboia naevana 3. Ob 7.8 b Cabbage Looper 93.6 71.1 Tricholpiusea ni Talstar (R) 10 oz. 44.3a 33.O a Codling Moth Cydia pomonelia 2S.S a 12.3ab Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella 6.0b 10.8b 87.4 618 Fall Armyworm Spodopterafiugipetaa LSD (p = 0.05) 38.5 23.7 Oblique-Banded Leafroller Choristoneutra rosaceana 46.3 16.6 Silverleaf Whitefly Bemisia argentifolii 33.3 12.2 SD 6.2 14.8 Sweetpotato Weevil Cyias fomicarius elegantulus 28.9 10.4 Tomato Pinworm Keiferia lycoperscella 20.8 7.6 Tomato Fruitworm Helicoverpa zea Yellowstriped Armyworm Spodoptera Ornithogai (0095 Table 3 below exemplifies the effectiveness of HEXACIDETM against the strawberry aphid Chaetosiphos fragaefoliion on Strawberries. Means followed by same letter does not significantly differ (p=0.05 Duncan's New MRT). A Efficacy randomized complete block design was used. 35 gallons per acre spray volume (GPA) was employed. DAT=Days After 0090 In greenhouse and field studies, HEXACIDETM Treatment (DR-A-034) provided equivalent results to commercially 0096. Four Replicates per treatment were performed. available chemical pesticide such as Talstar R, Avid R, Agri MekR), Kelthane(R), Capture(R), and ConserveR), (see Tables TABLE 3 1-11 and FIGS. 1-11). Table 1 below shows the effectiveness of HEXACIDETM Against Green Peach Aphid Myzus persi Number of Live Aphids cae on Ornamental Sweet Potato Lpomora batatas. Rate? Pre- % Treatment Acre treatment 3 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT Control TABLE 1. Untreated f 17.4a. 16.9 a 13.3 a 21.0 a f Number of Live Motiles Control HEXACIDE TM 1 qt 17.4a. 3.3b 1.2b O.7 b 96.6 Rate? Pre- 1 % HEXACIDE TM 2 qt 18.1 a 2.7 b 1.2b O.S. b 97.6 Treatment 100 gal treatment DAT 2 DAT 7 DAT Control HEXACIDE TM 4qt 15.5 a. 2.8 b 1.1 b O.7 b 96.7 Capture (R) 4 oz 16.2a. 2.S. b 0.8b 0.2b 99.0 Untreated f 36 a 34 a 61 a 67 a f Control HEXACIDETM 64 oz 45 a. 3b Ob Oc 100 (0097. Table 4 below exemplifies the effectiveness of HEXACIDE TM 128 oz 66 a 2b Ob 1 c 98.5 HEXACIDE TM 256 oz 39 a Ob Ob Oc 100 HEXACIDETM Against Greenhouse Whitefly Trialurodes Talstar (R) 10 oz. 41 a. 1Ob 9 b 29b 58.2 vaporariorum on Poinsetta Euphorbia puicherrima. Means LSD (P = 0.05) 52.4 8.3 16.9 18.3 followed by same letter does not significantly differ (p=0.05 SD 31.4 4.9 10.1 11 Duncan's New MRT). Results recorded 7 days after the sec ond treatment. Latron B-1956 (a) 0.0625% was used as an adjuvant. Eight replicates per treatment were performed. Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (p=0.05, Duncan's New MRT) TABLE 4

0091 DAT: days after treatment Rate? Number of Live Insects (% Control 0092. Latron B-1956 at 0.0625% v/v used as adjuvant Treatment 100 gal Nymphs Pupae Eggs 0093. Three replicates per treatment Untreated Control f 230.1 10.3 1834 HEXACIDETM 32 oz 48.5 (78.9%) 5.1 (50.4%) 71.6 (60.9%) 0094 Table 2 below shows the effectiveness of HEXACIDETM 128 oz 40.3 (82.5%) 2.5 (75.7%) 57.0 (63.5%) HEXACIDETM against the Green Peach Aphid (Myzus per Agri-Mek (R) 30 oz 68.8 (70.1%) 5.9 (42.7%) 118.6 (35.3%) sicae) on Cotton. US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

TABLE 4-continued TABLE 7-continued

Rate? Number of Live Insects (% Control Rate? Number of Live Motiles

Treatment 100 gal Nymphs Pupae Eggs 1OO Pre- % Treatment gal treatment 1 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT Control LSD (p = 0.05) 42.56 13.91 31.84 SD 41.56 13.58 31.09 LSD (P = 0.05) 127.2 53.9 124.6 92.6 SD 75.7 32.1 74.2 55.1 0098 Table 5 below shows the effectiveness of HEXACIDETM Against Western Flower Thrip Frankliniella 0101 Table 8 below shows the effectiveness of occidentalis on Marigold Tagetes erecta. Means followed by HEXACIDETM Against Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetrany same letter do not significantly differ (p=0.05, Duncan's New chus urticae on Strawberries. Field Trials. Means followed by MRT). DAT=days after treatment. Latron B-1956 at 0.0625% same letter does not significantly differ (p=0.05 Duncan's V/v used as an adjuvant. Three replicates per treatment were New MRT). Four replicates per treatment were performed. performed. TABLE 8

TABLE 5 Number of Live Mites

Rate? Number of Live Motiles Rate? Pre- % Treatment acre treatment 3 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT Control Treatment 100 gal. Pretreatment 1 DAT 3 DAT Untreated f 24.3 ab 47.3 a 19.8 a 17.5 a. f Untreated Control f 8 a 39 a 17 a Control HEXACIDETM 128 oz 11 a Od 8 b HEXACIDE TM 1 qt 17 b 31.3 bc S.3b 6.3 b 64 Conserve (R) 6 fl oz 12 a 22b 1 c HEXACIDE TM 2 qt 31.8 b 28 bc 1.S. b 1.8 c 89.7 LSD (p = 0.05) 1O.S 11.2 7.8 HEXACIDE TM 4qt 35.5 ab 28 bc 5.3 b 1.5 c. 91.4 SD 6.2 6.7 4.7 Agri-Mek (R) 8 oz. 24.3 ab 35 b 2.3 b 5.8 bc 66.8 LSD (p = 0.05) 14.1 11.4 4.6 2.7 SD 9.59 7.7 3.2 1.8 0099 Table 6 below shows the effectiveness of HEXACIDETM Against Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetrany chus urticae on bell peppers. Means followed by same letter 0102 Table 9 below shows the effectiveness of do not significantly differ (p=0.05, Duncan's New MRT). HEXACIDETM Against Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetrany Four replicates per treatment were performed. chus urticae on Strawberry. A randomized complete block design was utilized. Four replicates per treatment (200 gal TABLE 6 lons spray volume per acre (GPA).) were performed utilizing.

Number of Live Mites TABLE 9

Rate? Pre- 15 % Number of Live Motiles Treatment 100 gal treatment 5 DAT 10 DAT DAT Control Pre Untreated f 62.0 a 36.7 cc 30.7 c. 9.8 b f Control Rate? treatinent Treatment Acre 6.8 615 622 6.29 7.5 712 HEXACIDE TM 120 oz SS. 7 a. 1.8 a 0.5 a 1.0 a 89.7 HEXACIDETM 60 oz. 65.8 a 4.3a 0.7 a 1.2 a. 87.7 Untreated f 12.5 25.3 41.5 48.1 68.4 124.5 Avid (R) 4 oz. 62.2 a. 7.2 ab 1.3ab 0.5 a. 94.8 Control Tetrasan SWD 16 oz 59.5a. 14.3 cc 4.3b O.3a 96.9 HEXACIDE TM 4 qts 3.9 3.6 5.9 7.8. 21.6 34.9 Agri-Mek (R) 32 oz 17.2 10.1 7.6 11.2 8.6 22.1 0100 Table 7 below shows the effectiveness of HEXACIDETM Against Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetrany (0103 Table 10 below shows the effectiveness of chus urticae on Marigold Tageies eroota. Means followed by HEXACIDETM Against Pacific Mite Tetranychus pacificus on same letter do not significantly differ (p=0.05, Duncan's New grapes. Means followed by same letter do not significantly MRT). DAT=days after treatment. Latron B-1956 at 0.065% differ (p=0.05, Duncan's New MRT). DAT=days after treat V/v used as an adjuvant. Three replicates per treatment were ment. Latron B-1956 (a 3 oz/acre used as an adjuvant. Four performed. replicates per treatment were performed.

TABLE 7 TABLE 10

Rate? Number of Live Motiles Number of Live Mites

1OO Pre- % Rate? Pre- % Treatment gal treatment 1 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT Control Treatment Acre treatment 2 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT Control Untreated f 91.7 a 165 a. 3SS a 370 a f Untreated f 3O.O a 18.0 a 12.8 a 9.0 a f Control Control HEXACIDE TM 16 oz 1443 a 55 b 89 b 63 cc 81.6 HEXACIDE TM 3 qt 28.8 a 4.3b 2.S. b O.Ob 1OOO HEXACIDETM 32 oz. 87 a 43.7 b 96.7 b 97 cc 73.6 HEXACIDE TM 6 qt 24.5 a. 4.8b 2.3 b 1.3 b 85.5 HEXACIDETM 64 Oz S9.3 a 21.3b 32b 60 d 83.7 Kelthane 200 2.5 lb 23.5 a. S.Ob 3.8 b O.S. b 94.4 Avid (R) 2 oz. 110.6 a 52b 77.7 b 24.3 93.4 US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 14

01.04 Table 11 below shows the effectiveness of TABLE 12-continued HEXACIDETM Against Melon Aphids Aphis gossypii on squash. Means followed by same letters do not significantly KD Mortality differ (p=0.05). Randomized complete block design was used. Five replicates per treatment were performed. 100 gal 30% MS no KD 43 s no KD 4m 05 s lons spray volume per acre (GPA). Latron CS-7 at 4 ml/gallon 30% Mineral oil no KD >5 m was added to all treatments. All foliar applied pesticidal com 70% MS no KD >5 m positions applied, except Admire and Platinum (soil insecti no KD 1 m 56S cides). HEXACIDETM, Azadiractin and Pyganic applied 20% Mineral oil 1 m 32s >5 m three times at one week interval. Other products applied once. 60% MS 1 m 10s >5 m 20% Rosemary 1 m 21s >5 m TABLE 11 50%. MS 4 m 30s >5 m 50% Castor oil no KD >5 m Rate? Mean 90 Aphids per Leaf 25% MS no KD 38 S 75% Rosemary 8s 13 S Treatment Acre Pretreatment 6 DAT 12 DAT (solution ate through glove) no KD 29 S Untreated Conrol f 5.5 b 7.8 20.8 d 50%. MS no KD 28 S HEXACIDETM 2 qt 9.7 c 2.8 b 3.9 ab 50% Rosemary 16s 36 S Azadiractin 1 qt 3.9 b 5.4 c. 15.1 c. 75%. MS no KD 24 S Pyganic 1 qt 0.4b 3.1 b 4.6 b 25% Rosemary no KD 42 s. Fulfill 77 g 5.3b 0.1 a 0.1 a 100% Mineral oil - 4 squeezes and release no KD >5 m Admire 170 g O.7 a 0.4a. 0.8ab 100% Rosemary - 4 squeezes and release no KD 26 S Platinum 78 g 0.3a O.3a 1.7 ab Actara 86 g 7.0 bc. Oa. 0.1 a Note below effects when applied directly to Lannate 454g 6.8 b Oa. 0.2a. thorax of insect using Pasteur Pipette:

100% MS-1 drop 3 m 40s >5 m 0105. The greenhouse and field studies itemized above no KD >5 m demonstrate the invertebrate control observed at various no KD >5 m stages of the lifecycle of plant pests. This extraordinary con 100% Mineral oil - 1 drop KD (a)5 m 46 s Mort >7 m trol is equivalent to that of conventional synthetic pesticides gasping at 1 m 40s and is unexpected. very lethargic at 3 m 100% Rosemary - 1 drop KD (a 1 m 55 s mort -5 m EXAMPLE 3 neurotoxic signs at 48 S Pesticidal Effects Against Household Pests 0106 Multiple studies were completed over the course of 0108. The data outlined above demonstrates the unique several months utilizing rosemary oil and wintergreen oil and unexpected efficacy both in terms of knockdown and with and without various diluents as well as conventional mortality using rosemary oil and wintergreen oil. The data pesticides. Insects were observed for immobilization (IM), clearly indicates that a certain amount of mineral oil in com knockdown (KD), and mortality. Special focus was given to bination with rosemary oil and wintergreen oil provides speed of action of the test chemicals and ratios involved enhanced insecticidal effects using less active ingredients. therein. Methyl salicylate (MS) was used as wintergreen oil. Various ratios of the proprietary blend (rosemary oil, winter 0107 Effect on American Cockroaches 24 hrs after arriv green oil, mineral oil) will create knockdown and mortality, ing from Supplier. Test procedure: Cockroaches are held but a more preferred blend is 40% wintergreen oil, 40% under Screened-cap for spray and then released in open con mineral oil, and 20% rosemary oil. Rosemary is very effective tainer. Administered 4 Squeezes of trigger spray (approxi as a direct spray, and causes neurotoxic excitation upon con mately 3 grams) of test chemical to insect unless otherwise tact, but is abrasive on Surfaces and is also very expensive. noted. Insects are monitored for knockdown and mortality. Wintergreen oil is an effective neurotoxin for mortality and is Three insects were used per test chemical. EcoPCO ACTM relatively inexpensive, but is slow acting and has a strong was utilized as a positive control. Untreated controls were fragrance. Mineral oil is odorless and provides excellent also utilized. No mortality was observed in the untreated spreading properties over the Surface of the insect, but is not controls. Results are shown in Table 12. neurotoxic to insects and has poor knockdown properties. Rosemary oil and wintergreen oil complement each other's TABLE 12 beneficial toxic properties while providing fast acting pesti KD Mortality cides that are affordable and aesthetically acceptable. EcoPCO AC formulation No KD 58 S 0109 B) Effects on American Cockroaches. Test proce No KD 1 m O7 S dure: Cockroaches are held under screened-cap for spray and No KD 6 m O7 S then released in open container. Administered 3 Squeezes of 46 g Mineral oil 2 m 30s >5 m 40 g MS 2m 17s >5 m trigger spray (approximately 2.2 grams) of test chemical no KD 2 m 20s (Table 13) to insect unless otherwise noted. Insects are moni 40% Mineral oil no KD 45 S tored for knockdown and mortality. Three to five insects were 40% MS no KD 3OS 20% Rosemary 14s 3OS used per test chemical. Untreated controls were utilized. No 70% Mineral oil 27s 1 m 10s mortality was observed in the untreated controls. Results are shown in Table 14. US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 15

TABLE 13

ES1-1 ES1-2 ES1-3 ES1-4 ES1-S ES1-6 ES1-7 ES1-8 ES1-9

Mineral oil 40% 40% O 30% 30% 20% 20% 15% 10% MS 40% 40% SO% SO% 55% 60% 559, 60% 65% PEP 20% O 20% 15% 10% 15% 1596 15% 15% Cinnamon oil O 20% O O O O O O O Castor oil (yellow) O O 30% O O O O O O Rosemary O O O 59 O 59% 59% 59% 59 Sesame oil O O O O 59% O O O O Soybean oil O O O O O O 59% 59% 59 PEP = 2-phenethyl propionate

TABLE 1.4 TABLE 14-continued IM KD Mortality IM KD Mortality

ES1-1 29S no KD 1 m 34s 1 m 18 S no KD >3 m no KD 38 S 13S no KD 1 m 00s no KD 56 S 2 m 20s >3 m no KD 35 s SSS no KD 2 m 25 s 33S no KD 2 m 09S 40% MS 1 m 43s no KD >3 m *2 trigger sprays 1 m 32s no KD 1 m 47s 40% Mineral Oil 15S no KD 54 S no KD >3 m 20% Rosemary 17 S no KD 58 S 1 m 16s >3 m (3-blend) 16s no KD 33 S no KD >3 m *2 trigger sprays 11 s 39 S ES1-2 27s 1 m 26s adl2-4-122a no KD >3 m no KD 27 S (25% 3-blend in water) no KD >3 m no KD >3 m no KD >3 m ES1-3 14s no KD 28 S adl2-4-122b 31S no KD 52 S no KD >3 m (50% 3-blend in water) 27s no KD 49 S 49 S 1 m27s 1 m 23 S 1 m 31 S >3 m 29 S 1 m OSS 37s no KD 1 m 12s ES1-4 7 S 47 S no KD 1 m 13s 2 m 45 s 2m SOS 13S no KD 1 m O2S 0110. The data presented above exhibits the necessity of *2 trigger sprays 18 S 1 m 15 s rosemary oil to offer fast action. Further, the data demon 14s no KD 44 s 47s no KD 1 m 42s strates the ability to add various diluents such as mineral oil, 1 m 17s 1 m 35S >3 m Soybean oil and sesame oil, as well as various conventional 36S no KD 1 m 14s pesticides Such as 2-phenethylpropionate, to create desirable E51-5 3 m OOS >5 m formulations containing rosemary oil and wintergreen oil. 57 s >5 m Several formulations perform quite well at higher dosage 1 m O7s >5 m ES1-6 16s no KD 56 S rates, but the proprietary blend of rosemary oil and winter 1 m 15s >3 m green oil with mineral oil (3-blend) is most toxic at lower 9S no KD 46 S dosage rates. The speed of action in terms of immobilization 22s no KD 1 m O2S and mortality are unexpected and offer distinct safety advan *2 trigger sprays 40s 1 m 32s 2OS no KD 57 s tages over other conventional synthetic pesticides. 15S no KD 58 S E51-7 16s no KD 31 S 0111 C) Testing performed on American Cockroaches. 15S no KD 52 S Test procedure: Cockroaches are held under screened-cap for 32S No KD 42 s. spray and then released in open container. Administered 2 6 S 43 s Squeezes of trigger spray (approximately 1.5 grams) of test *2 trigger sprays 25 s no KD 1 m 10s Os 56 S chemical (Table 15) to insect unless otherwise noted. Insects 41s 1 m O7s >3 m (3 m 24s) are monitored for knockdown and mortality. Two insects 1 m27s >3 m were used per test chemical. Untreated controls were utilized. ES1-8 1 m 19s >3 m No mortality was observed in the untreated controls. Results 1 m27s 2 m 30s >3 m are shown in Table 16. Os 48 S 29 S 1 m O2S 1 m 09S 2 m 29s >3 m TABLE 1.5 *2 trigger sprays no KD >3 m 58S no KD 2 m O2S OO1012-1 OO1012-2 OO1012-3 1 m30s >3 m PEP 20% 15% O ES1-9 52S no KD 3 m 26s Eugenol O 59 20% 11 S no KD 46 S Sesame oil 59% O 59 15S no KD 1 m Soybean oil 59% 59 59 14s no KD 48 S MS 35% 40% 359 *2 trigger sprays 10s no KD 2 m 33 S Safflower oil 35% 35% 359 14s no KD 1 m 14s US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

TABLE 16 0114 Testing of houseflies sprayed 1-trigger spray into Jar. IM KD Mortality

OO1012-1 40s 51 S 2 m 28 S >3 m ES1-9 12/12 instant KD and mortality <30s OO1012-2 21s 54 S 22s 44 s 17/17 instant KD and mortality <30s OO1012-3 15S 39 S 2 m OSS 2 m 40s >3 m 0115 Testing performed on American Cockroaches. Test 0112 Testing on German Cockroaches sprayed with procedure: Cockroaches are held under screened-cap (with 1-trigger spray in large open container. Three insects per test 10x10 cm plastic matting) for spray and then released in open chemical. Test chemicals identified above. Results are shown container. Administered 2 squeezes of trigger spray (approxi in Table 17. mately 1.5 grams) of test chemical (Tables 18 and 19) to insect unless otherwise noted. Insects are monitored for TABLE 17 knockdown and mortality. Two to six insects were used per test chemical. Untreated controls were utilized. No mortality IM KD Mortality was observed in the untreated controls. Results shown in ES1-4 12S 32S Table 20. 19S 32S 28S 42s ES1-6 11 S 17 S TABLE 1.8 13S 18S 15S 17 S ES1-9B = OO1O18-4 ES1-9C OO1 O12-3A ES1-9 4s 19S 8s 15S 9S 17 S 1596. PEP 15% Thyme oil 15% Eugenol 3-blend 6s 15S 5%. RM 5%. RM 5% Sesame oil 9S 15S 50%. MS 50%. MS 5% Soybean oil 9S 15S 25% Mineral oil 25% mineral oil 50%. MS OO1012-1 SS 15S 9s 20S 20% Mineral oil 12S 3OS

TABLE 19

OO 1027-1 001027-2 OO1027-3 OO1027-4 001027-5 OO 1027-6

PEP 15% 15% 20% 15% Eugenol 59 20% Rosemary 59% 59 59% Soybean oil 59% MS SO% SO% SO% 50% SO% SO% Safflower oil 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 15% Mineral oil 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Thyme oil 15%

TABLE 17-continued TABLE 20 IM KD Mortality IM KD Mortality E51-9B (=001018-4) 9 S 15 S 33 S 38 S SO s OO1012-2 12S 37s 15 S 1 m 07S 2OS 3OS 11 s 34 s ES1-9C 7 S 15 S 28S 33S 5 S 18 S (fine mist) 48s 2 m 10s 17 S 42 s. (walk-across) 22s 1 m 20s OO1 O12-3A 10 s 21 S SOS 1 m 10s 1 m 40s OO1012-3 10s 32S 27 S 1 m O1s 1 m 04s 1 m 14s S3 is 1 m 11 S OO1027-1 >2 m 42s 2 m 42s 2O S 44 s 15 S 33 S >2 m 13 S 17 S 25 s 0113. This data shows that German cockroaches are 10 s 26 S highly sensitive to pesticidal compositions of the present OO1027-2 19 S 33 S 1 m 18 S invention, requiring less dosage rates, even on walk across 16 S 28 S exposure trials. US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 17

TABLE 20-continued TABLE 22 IM KD Mortality Plot Diseased Severity: Rate? 1000 O (no disease)-5 (>50% diseased 10 s 18 S 25 s 16 30 S Treatment sq. ft June 27 July 11 July 24 OO1027-3 11 s 37 s 12 S 46 s Untreated Control f 1.3 a 3.5 a. 3.8 a 16 S 21 S 42 s DR-A-041 2.0 oz. 2.3a 0.3bc 0.3 bc 10 29 S Eagle G 8.0 oz. 2.3a 1.5 bc 2.5 a. OO1027-4 29 S 44 s Banner MAXX 2.0 oz 1.0 a Oc Oc 6 S 24 S Daconi 82.5 WDG 3.2 oz 1.0 a Oc 0.5 bc 28 S 47 S 1 m 11 S Banner MAXX 13 MEG 1.0 oz 11 s 28 S -- -- 1.3 a Oc 0.3 bc OO1027-5 11 s 23 S Primo MAXX 2.0 oz S 1 m O7 S 1 m 28 S 12 S 29 S 6 S 25 s 0121 Table 23 shows the effectiveness of DR-A-041 0.01027-6 (1-spray) >2 m Experimental Fungicide Against Dollar Spot Sclerotinia 12 S 19 S 45 S 7 S 31 S homoeocarpa on Turf. Means followed by the same letters are 12 S 30 S not significantly different at 0.05 level. Randomized com 12 S 25 s plete block design, 4 replicates.

TABLE 23 0116. The data presented above demonstrates the speed at which pesticidal compositions of the present invention act. Rate? 1000 % Plot Diseased Severity Treatment sq. ft June 27 July 11 July 24 EXAMPLE 4 Untreated Control f 3.3a 10.3b 9.3ab DR-A-041 2.0 oz 4.5 a. 2.3d O.8 c 0117 The following formulation (DR-A-041) was tested Eagle G 8.0 oz 12.5 a. 20.1 a 14.0 a Banner MAXX 2.0 oz 2.5 a. 7.5 bd 8.1ab as an effective broad foliar fungicide in agriculture, Veg Daconi 82.5 WDG 3.2 oz 8.9 a 1.2d Oc etable, fruits, turf and ornamentals: Banner MAXX 1.3 MEC 1.0 OZ -- -- 1.3a Oc 0.3bc Primo MAXX 2.0 oz Rosemary Oil 16.36% Wiw Wintergreen Oil 73.64% Wiw RhodafacRE 610 10.00% Wiw I0122. As can be seen from the above discussion, the pes ticidal combinations of active compounds according to the present invention are markedly Superior to known pesticidal (Rhodafac RE 610 is sold by Rhodia, Cranbury N.J.). The agents/active compounds conventionally used for control of results are shown in Tables 21-23 and FIG. 12. invertebrate pests. I0123. Although illustrative embodiments of the invention 0118 Table 21 shows the effectiveness of DR-A-041 have been described in detail, it is to be understood that the Experimental Fungicide Against Powdery Mildew Uncinula present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, necator on Grapes. Randomized complete block design, 3 and that various changes and modifications can be effected replicates, 4-5 applications/treatment (a 14-21 days intervals therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the during pre-bloom to Veraison Scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended 0119 125 gallons spray volume/acre (GPA). Means fol claims. lowed by the same letter are not significantly different accord 1. A pesticidal composition comprising, in admixture with ing to Fisher LSD t-test at p=0.05. Results were Log (x+1) an acceptable carrier, rosemary oil, wintergreen oil, and pep transformed prior to statistical analysis due to heterogeneity permint oil, phenyl ethyl proprionate, clove oil, clove bud oil, of variance. eugenol, thyme oil, thymol and a conventional pesticide, wherein the composition is pesticidally effective for con TABLE 21 trolling a pest selected from a member of the group consisting of invertebrates, insects, fungi, bacteria, Rate? % Average Disease % Diseased arachnids, larvae and eggs thereof. Treatment Acre Severity on fruits Cluster 2. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the com Untreated Control f 24.9 a 6O.O a position is pesticidally effective for controlling insects. DR-A-041 O.S. b 3.2 ab 28.1 b Elite 4 oz 0.9 bc 11.4 c. 3. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the com Rubigan 6 oz. 0.2c 4.2d position is pesticidally effective for controlling a pest selected Flint 2 oz 0.03 dic 1.5 de from a member of the group consisting of: Bemisia argentifolii, Cicidellidae, Lepidoptera, Liriomyza trifolii, Frankliniella occidentalis, Aphis, Tetronmy 0120 Table 22 shows the effectiveness of DR-A-041 chua, cladosporium, Chytridimycota, Zygomycota, Experimental Fungicide Against Brown Patch Rhizoctonia Asomycota, rhizopus, rhizoctonia, pythium, erwinia, Solani on Turf. Field Tests. Means followed by the same Isopoda, Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare, Por letters are not significantly different at 0.05 level. Random cellio Scarber, Pieris rapae crucivora, Spodoptera ized complete block design, 4 replicates. litura, Thrips palmi, Empoasca Onuki, Phyllonorycter US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 18

ringoniella, Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus, Popillia campa, Lasius, Formica japonica, Vespa, Siricidae, japonica, Phyllotreta, Tetranychus kanzawai, Polyph Urocerus, Sirex, Diptera, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, agotarisonemus latus, Diplopoda, Blanilus guttulatus, Drosophila melanogaster; Musca domestica, Fannia, Chilopoda, Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera, Scol Calliphora, Lucilia, Chrysomya, Cuterebra, Gastrophi opendra subspini, Thereunema, Symphyla, Scutigerella lus, Stomoxys, Oestrus, Hypoderma, Tabanus, Bibio immaculate, Thysanura, Ctenolepisma villosa, Lepisma hortulanus, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitus capitata, saccharina, Psocoptera, Trogium pulsatorium, Collem Dacus dorsalis, Tipula paludosa, Simulium, Eusimu bola, Onichiurus armatus, Isoptera, Mastotermitidae, lium, Phlebotomus, Culicoides, Chrysops, Haemato pota, Braula, Morellia, Glossina, Wohlfahrtia, Sar Termopsidae, Zootermopsis, ArchOtermopsis, Hodoter cophaga, Lipoptena, Mellophagus, Muscina, mopsis, Poroteines, Kalotermitidae, Kalotermes, Neo Siphonaptera, Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus, termes, Cryptotermes, Incisitermes, Glyptotermes, Pulex, and Ctenocephalides, Arachnida, Scorpio mau Hodotermitidae, Hodotermes, Microhodotermes, Ana rus, Latrodectus mactans, Chiracanthium, Otodectus, canthotermes, Rhinotermitidae, Reticulitermes, Hetero Acarus Siro, Argas, Ornithodoros, Ornithonyssus, Der termes, Coptotermes, Schedolinotermes, Serritermiti manyssus, Eriophyes, Chelacaropsis moorei, Der dae, Termitidae, Anitermes, Drepanotermes, matophagoides, Psoroptes equi, Chorioptes, Saracop Hopitalitermes, Trinervitermes, Macrotermes, Odonto tes, Tarsonemus, Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus, termes, Microtermes, Nasutitermes, Pericapritermes, Tetranychus, Raillietas, Pneumonyssus, Sternostorma, Anopilotermes, Dictyoptera, Blatta Orientalis, Periplan Acarapis, Cheyletiella, Myobia, Psorergates, Demodex, eta americana, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Leucophaea Trombicula, Listrophorus, Trophagus, Sarcoptes, maderae, Blattella germanica, Orthoptera, Gryllotapa, Notoedres, Cytodides, and Laminosioptes. Acheta domesticus, Teleogryllus emma, Locusta migra toria, Melanoplus differentialis, Schistocera gregaria, 4. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the pest Dermaptera, Labidura riparia, Forficula auricularia, is selected from a member of the group consisting of fleas, Anoplura, Phthirus pubis, Pediculus humanus, Hae mosquitoes, bees, yellowjackets, wasps, cockroaches, orien matopinus Sulus, Linognathus, Solenopotes, Mallo tal cockroach, American cockroach, Smoky brown cock roach, German cockroach, termites, houseflies, whiteflies, phaga, Trichodectes, Tromenopon, Bovicola, Felicola, leafhoppers, cabbage looper, ants, Stink bugs, lygus bugs, Thysanoptera, Frankiniella intonsa, Thrips tabaci, leaf miners, aphids, spiders, ticks, plant mites, spider mites, Thrips palmi, Heteroptera, Nezara, Eurygaster, Dysder McDaniel mites, Pacific mites, European mites; slugs, snails; cus intermedius, Cimex lectularis, Triatoma, Rhodnius powdery mildew, cladosporium, Strawberry powdery mil prolixus, Nezara antennata, and Cletus punctiger, dew, rusts, botrytis, ergots, blight, downy mildew, eutypa, leaf Homoptera, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Bemisia tabaci, spot, Smut, ringworm, bacteria, pillbugs, Sowbugs, Latreille Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevico pillbug, Porcellio Scarber; common cabbageworm, tobacco ryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Macro cutworm, melon thrips, tea green leafhopper, apple leaf siphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, Phorodon humuli, miner, rice water weevil, Japanese beetle, striped flea beetle, Empoasca, Nephootettix cincticeps, Lecanium corn, Kanzawa spidermite, broad mite, millipede, bristletails, ori Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata ental silverfish, silverfish, larger pale booklice, snow fleas, lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, termites, mole cricket, field cricket, asiatic locust/oriental Pseudococcus, Psylla, Phylloxera vastrix, Lepidoptera, migratory locust, earwigs, thrips, flower thrips, onion thrips, Pectinophora gossypiella, Lithocolletis blancardella, cotton seedling thrips, bedbugs, green Stink bug, citrus spiny Plutella xyloste, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis sub whitefly, Sweet potato whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, cotton flava, Lymantria dispar, Bucculatrix pyrivorella, Phyl asphid, melon aphid, cabbage asphid, potato aphid, green locnistis citrella, Agrotis, Euxoa, Earias insulana, Heliothis, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, peach aphid, green rice leafhopper, brown scale, black scale, Spodoptera, Mamestra brassicae, Trichoplusia ni, Car Small brown plant hopper, brown rice plant hopper, red scale, pocapsa pomonella, Pieris, Chilo, Pyrausta nubilalis, ivy Scale, pink bollworm, diamondback moth, tent caterpillar, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bis oriental tussock moth, gypsy moth, pear leafminer, citrus leaf selliella, Tenea translucens, Homona magnanima, Tot miner, beet armyworm, common cutworm, cabbage army rix viridana, Coleoptera, Anobium punctatum, Rhizop worm, Mediterranean flour moth, greater wax moth, webbing ertha dominica, Acanthoscelides obectus, Agelastica clothes moth, beetles, lesser grain borer, bean weevil, alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, solanum flea beetle, striped flea beetle, sawtoothed grain Diabrotica, Psylliodes angusticollis, Phyllotreta stri beetle, black vine weevil, banana weevil borer, alfalfa weevil, Olata, Epillachna, Atomaria, Oryzaephilus Surinamen black carpet beetle, yellow mealworm, Crossotarsus, Platy sis, Anthonomus, sitophilus, Otriorhynchus sulcatus, pus, housefly, oriental fruit fly, grain mite, clover mite, and Cosmopolites Sordidus, Ceuthorhyncidius albOsutura spider mites. lis, Hypera postica, Dermestes, Trogoderma, Attagenus 5. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio unicolor, Lyctus, Melligethes aeneus, Ptinus, Gibbium of wintergreen oil to rosemary oil is 100:1 to 1:100 parts by psylloides, Tribolium, Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes, weight. Melolontha mololontha, Scolytidae, Cerambycidae, 6. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio Monochamus, Hylotrupes, Hesperophanus, Chloropho of wintergreen oil to rosemary oil is 13:1 to 1:13 parts by rus, Palaeocallidium, Semanotus, Purpuricenus, Stro weight. matium, Platypodidae, Crossotarsus, Platypus, Bostry 7. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio chidae, Dinoderus, Bostrychus, Sinoderus, Anobiidae, of wintergreen oil to rosemary oil is 4:1 parts by weight. Ernobius, Anobium, Xyletinus, Xestobium, Ptilinus, 8. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the Nicobium, Ptilneurus, Hymenoptera, Diprion, Hoplo acceptable carrier is about 5 to 99.9% by weight. US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015

9. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the con Pseudococcus, Psylla, Phylloxera vastrix, Lepidoptera, Pec ventional pesticide is a member selected from the group con tinophora gossypiella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Plutella sisting of chlorinated hydrocarbon, synthetic pyrethroid, xyloste, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis subflava, Lyman organo phosphate, carbamate, macrollide, insect growth regu tria dispar, Bucculatrix pyrivorella, Phyllocnistis citrella, lator, neonicitinoid, organo-tin, and propargite. Agrotis, Euxoa, Earias insulana, Heliothis, Spodoptera 10. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the exigua, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera, Mamestra brassicae, conventional pesticide is a member selected from the group Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris, Chilo, consisting of allethrin, azadirachtin (neem), carbaryl, chlo Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, rpyrifos, DDT, fenvalorate, malathion, permethrin, pyre Tineola bisselliella, Tenea translucens, Homona magnanima, thrum, resmethrin, rotenone and pyrethroid. Totrix viridana, Coleoptera, Anobium punctatum, Rhizoper 11. The pesticidal composition of claim 1, wherein the tha dominica, Acanthoscelides obectus, Agelastica alni, Lep conventional pesticide is a member selected from the group tinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica, consisting of pyrethrolone, allethrolone, chrysanthemic acid, Psylliodes angusticollis, Phyllotreta Striolata, Epillachna, chrysanthemyl alcohol, cis-jasmone, and dimethyl Sulfoxide Atomaria, Oryzaephilus Surinamensis, Anthonomus, sitophi (DMSO). lus, Otriorhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites Sordidus, Ceutho 12. A method for controlling a pest, comprising applying to rhyncidius albOsuturalis, Hypera postica, Dermestes, Trogo a locus where control is desired a pesticidally-effective derma, Attagenus unicolor, Lyctus, Melligethes aeneus, amount of the composition of claim 1. Ptinus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium, Tenebrio molitor, 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the pest is a member Agriotes, Melolontha mololontha, Scolytidae, Ceramby of the group consisting of invertebrates, insects, arachnids, cidae, Monochamus, Hylotrupes, Hesperophanus, Chloro larvae and eggs thereof. phorus, Palaeocallidium, Semanotus, Purpuricenus, Stroma 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the pest is an insect. tium, Platypodidae, Crossotarsus, Platypus, Bostrychidae, 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the pest is selected Dinoderus, Bostrychus, Sinoderus, Anobiidae, Ernobius, from a member of the group consisting of Bemisia argenti Anobium, Xyletinus, Xestobium, Ptilinus, Nicobium, Ptilineu folii, Cicidellidae, Lepidoptera, Liriomyza trifolii, Franklin rus, Hymenoptera, Diprion, Hoplocampa, Lasius, Formica iella occidentalis, Aphis, Tetronmychua, cladosporium, japonica, Vespa, Siricidae, Urocerus, Sirex, Diptera, Aedes, Chytridimycota, Zygomycota, Asomycota, rhizopus, rhizoc Anopheles, Culex, Drosophila melanogaster; Musca domes tonia, pythium, erwinia, Isopoda, Oniscus asellus, Armadil tica, Fannia, Caliphora, Lucilia, Chrysomya, Cuterebra, lidium vulgare, Porcellio Scarber, Pieris rapae crucivora, Gastrophilus, Stomoxys, Oestrus, Hypoderma, Tabanus, Spodoptera litura, Thrips palmi, Empoasca Onuki, Phyllono Bibio hortulanus, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitus capitata, rycter ringoniella, Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus, Popillia Dacus dorsalis, Tipula paludosa, Simulium, Eusimulium, japonica, Phyllotreta, Tetranychus kanzawai, Polyphagotar Phlebotomus, Culicoides, Chrysops, Haematopota, Braula, sonemus latus, Diplopoda, Blanilus guttulatus, Chilopoda, Morelia, Glossina, Wohlfahrtia, Sarcophaga, Lipoptena, Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera, Scolopendra subspini, Melophagus, Muscina, Siphonaptera, Xenopsylla cheopis, Thereunema, Symphyla, Scutigerella immaculate, Thysa Ceratophyllus, Pulex, and Ctenocephalides, Arachnida, nura, Ctenolepisma villosa, Lepisma saccharina, Psocoptera, Scorpio maurus, Latrodectus mactans, Chiracanthium, Oto Trogium pulsatorium, Collembola, Onichiurus armatus, dectus, Acarus Siro, Argas, Ornithodoros, Ornithonyssus, Isoptera, Mastotermitidae, Termopsidae, Zootermopsis, Dermanyssus, Eriophyes, Chelacaropsis moorei, Der ArchOtermopsis, Hodotermopsis, Poroteines, Kalotermitidae, matophagoides, Psoroptes equi, Chorioptes, Saracoptes, Kalotermes, Neotermes, Cryptotermes, Incisitermes, Glypto Tarsonemus, Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus, Tetranychus, termes, Hodotermitidae, Hodotermes, Microhodotermes, Raillietas, Pneumonyssus, Sternostorma, Acarapis, Cheyle Anacanthotermes, Rhinotermitidae, Reticulitermes, Hetero tiella, Myobia, Psorergates, Demodex, Trombicula, Listro termes, Coptotermes, Schedolinotermes, Serritermitidae, phorus, Trophagus, Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Cytodides, and Termitidae, Anitermes, Drepanotermes, Hopitalitermes, Tri Laminosioptes. nervitermes, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Microtermes, 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the pest is selected Nasutitermes, Pericapritermes, Anopilotermes, Dictyoptera, from a member of the group consisting of fleas, mosquitoes, Blatta Orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta fuligi bees, yellowjackets, wasps, cockroaches, oriental cockroach, nosa, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica, Ortho American cockroach, Smoky brown cockroach, German ptera, Gryllotapa, Acheta domesticus, Teleogryllus emma, cockroach, termites, houseflies, whiteflies, leafhoppers, cab Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus differentialis, Schistocera bage looper, ants, Stink bugs, lygus bugs, leafminers, aphids, gregaria, Dermaptera, Labidura riparia, Forficula auricu spiders, ticks, plant mites, spider mites, McDaniel mites, laria, Anoplura, Phthirus pubis, Pediculus humanus, Hae Pacific mites, European mites; slugs, Snails; powdery mildew, matopinus Sulus, Linognathus, Solenopotes, Mallophaga, cladosporium, Strawberry powdery mildew, rusts, botrytis, Trichodectes, Tromenopon, Bovicola, Felicola, Thysan ergots, blight, downy mildew, eutypa, leaf spot, Smut, ring optera, Frankiniella intonsa, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, worm, bacteria, pillbugs, Sowbugs, Latreille pillbug, Porcel Heteroptera, Nezara, Eurygaster, Dysdercus intermedius, lio Scarber; common cabbageworm, tobacco cutworm, melon Cimex lectularis, Triatoma, Rhodnius prolixus, Nezara thrips, tea green leafhopper, apple leafminer, rice water wee antennata, and Cletus punctiger; Homoptera, Aleurocanthus vil, Japanese beetle, striped flea beetle, Kanzawa spidermite, spiniferus, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, broad mite, millipede, bristletails, oriental silverfish, silver Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, fish, larger pale booklice, Snow fleas, termites, mole cricket, Aphis fabae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, field cricket, asiatic locust/oriental migratory locust, earwigs, Phorodon humuli, Empoasca, Nephootettix cincticeps, Leca thrips, flower thrips, onion thrips, cotton seedling thrips, bed nium corn, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilapar bugs, green Stink bug, citrus spiny whitefly, Sweet potato vata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, cotton asphid, melon aphid, US 2015/O 132413 A1 May 14, 2015 20 cabbage asphid, potato aphid, green peach aphid, green rice leafhopper, brown scale, black scale, Small brown plant hop per, brown rice plant hopper, red scale, ivy Scale, pink boll worm, diamondback moth, tent caterpillar, oriental tussock moth, gypsy moth, pear leaf miner, citrus leaf miner, beet armyworm, common cutworm, cabbage armyworm, Medi terranean flour moth, greater wax moth, webbing clothes moth, beetles, lesser grain borer, bean weevil, Solanum flea beetle, striped flea beetle, sawtoothed grain beetle, black vine weevil, banana weevil borer, alfalfa weevil, black carpet beetle, yellow mealworm, Crossotarsus, Platypus, housefly, oriental fruit fly, grain mite, clover mite, and spider mites. 17. An embodiment as described in the specification, Tables. Examples and/or Figures. 18. The pesticidal composition of claim 4, wherein the pest abee. 19. The pesticidal composition of claim 4, wherein the pest a beetle. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the pest is a bee or a beetle.