A Right to Housing
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Cityscape: a Journal of Policy Development and Research • Volume 22, Number 2 • 2020 Cityscape 1 U.S
A Journal of Policy Development and Research TWO ESSAYS ON UNEQUAL GROWTH IN HOUSING VOLUME 22, NUMBER 2 • 2020 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research Managing Editor: Mark D. Shroder Associate Editor: Michelle P. Matuga Advisory Board Dolores Acevedo-Garcia Brandeis University Ira Goldstein The Reinvestment Fund Richard K. Green University of Southern California Mark Joseph Case Western Reserve University Matthew E. Kahn University of California, Los Angeles C. Theodore Koebel Virginia Tech Jens Ludwig University of Chicago Mary Pattillo Northwestern University Carolina Reid University of California Patrick Sharkey New York University Cityscape A Journal of Policy Development and Research Two Essays on Unequal Growth in Housing Volume 22, Number 2 • 2020 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research The goal of Cityscape is to bring high-quality original research on housing and community development issues to scholars, government officials, and practitioners. Cityscape is open to all relevant disciplines, including architecture, consumer research, demography, economics, engineering, ethnography, finance, geography, law, planning, political science, public policy, regional science, sociology, statistics, and urban studies. Cityscape is published three times a year by the Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Subscriptions are available at no charge and single copies at a nominal fee. The journal is also available on line at huduser.gov/periodicals/cityscape.html. PD&R welcomes submissions to the Refereed Papers section of the journal. Our referee process is double blind and timely, and our referees are highly qualified. -
Right to Housing
THE RIGHT TO HOUSING If a person has a low opinion of himselfand is unhappy because he lives in a filthy, dilapidated,rat-infested house, you cannot tell him to apply positive thinking-and "Be Happy!" Happiness will begin to blossom only when he finds a way to get out of his physical trap into improved surroundings. Harold Cruse* I. INTRODUCTION Housing is basic to human survival. When properly constructed and maintained, it provides an essential element for life: shelter from the forces of nature. The 1949 Housing Act' recognized the importance of housing by enunciating the national goal of a "decent home and a suitable living envi- ronment for every American family." The impact of housing quality on so- cietal well being is undeniable. For example, the quality and character of the family living unit significantly affects the nature of organized family life.2 Moreover, poor housing has been shown to cause mental and physical illness and is a contributing factor to the cause of crime.3 The demonstrated importance of housing quality supports the assertion that the right to habitable housing is a personal interest which is "implicit in the concept of ordered liberty"4 and thereby deserving of constitutional pro- tection. Yet, in Lindsey v. Normet5 the Supreme Court held that access to housing of a particular quality is not a fundamental interest which requires application of a strict standard of review under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Thus, governmental action which curtails a person's ability to obtain habitable housing need only bear a rational rela- tionship to a permissible governmental objective.6 Because the range of per- missible governmental objectives is broad, a rational relationship can usually be established and a challenged governmental action upheld.7 * H. -
The Right to Emergency Accommodation in France and EU Equality Law Cécile Bénoliel
Articles 75 Universal Rights but Not for Everyone: The Right to Emergency Accommodation in France and EU Equality Law Cécile Bénoliel Lawyer, member of the French housing rights law network Jurislogement, formerly a law and advocacy officer at Abbé Pierre Foundation \ Abstract_ In the context of the refugee crisis that started in 2014 in Europe, many have denounced restrictions imposed on migrants’ fundamental rights. This article explores the striking example of the right to emergency accom- modation in France, and puts these developments into question in the framework of European equality law, asking whether and how they may contra- dict the prohibition of discrimination on the ground of race and ethnic origin under EU law. The apparent incapacity of the current EU equality framework to effectively question discriminatory aspects of this recent phenomenon is dangerous, and calls for an urgent common reflection. In light of critical legal studies, it poses a threat to the consistency and effectiveness of the anti- discrimination legal framework in Europe, on the one hand, and of the very nature of fundamental rights, on the other hand. What is at stake is the tackling by the law of phenomena that may be seen as pertaining to institutional and structural racism, at national and European levels. ISSN 2030-2762 / ISSN 2030-3106 online 76 European Journal of Homelessness _ Volume 14, No. 2_ 2020 Introduction Much ink has been spilled on the consequences of the refugee crisis that started in 2014 in terms of people’s rights. These consequences are now also denounced as a housing policy issue in an increasing number of European countries, 1 and the EU Commission’s Social Policy Network has recently published a report on the fight against homelessness, demonstrating attention to this issue and openly recognising the specific obstacles faced by the migrant homeless (Baptista and Marlier, 2019). -
New Deal for Housing Justice: a Housing Playbook for the New
New Deal for Housing Justice A Housing Playbook for the New Administration JANUARY 2021 About this Publication New Deal for Housing Justice is the result of the input, expertise, and lived experience of the many collaborators who participated in the process. First and foremost, the recommendations presented in this document are rooted in the more than 400 ideas shared by grassroots leaders and advocates in response to an open call for input launched early in the project. More than 100 stakeholder interviews were conducted during the development of the recommendations, and the following people provided external review: Afua Atta-Mensah, Rebecca Cokley, Natalie Donlin-Zappella, Edward Golding, Megan Haberle, Priya Jayachandran, Richard Kahlenberg, Mark Kudlowitz, Sunaree Marshall, Craig Pollack, Vincent J. Reina, Sherry Riva, Heather Schwartz, Thomas Silverstein, Philip Tegeler, and Larry Vale. Additional information is available on the companion website: http://www.newdealforhousingjustice.org/ Managing Editor Lynn M. Ross, Founder and Principal, Spirit for Change Consulting Contributing Authors Beth Dever, Senior Project Manager, BRicK Partners LLC Jeremie Greer, Co-Founder/Co-Executive Director, Liberation in a Generation Nicholas Kelly, PhD Candidate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rasmia Kirmani-Frye, Founder and Principal, Big Urban Problem Solving Consulting Lindsay Knotts, Independent Consultant and former USICH Policy Director Alanna McCargo, Vice President, Housing Finance Policy Center, Urban Institute Ann Oliva, Visiting -
Universal Suffrage Does Not Exist: If You Are a Foreign National, You Cannot Vote
CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS, VOTING RIGHTS, MIGRATION AND MOBILITY Universal suffrage does not exist: if you are a foreign national, you cannot vote Alba Cuevas A young migrant waiting to regularize his situation shows his passport of origin. Photography by Jordi Borràs Racism is a form of exclusion, segregation, discrimination and aggression on the basis of ethnic or national origin, skin colour, religious belief or cultural practices. It is not just an ideology: it is also a systematic and routine practice that seeks to maintain a power structure. Introduction Racism and denial of rights Racism manifests itself in institutional relationships and also in daily life; it is produced and reproduced constantly. It is structural, deeply rooted in a past of slavery, plunder, usurpation, domination and exploitation within the context of colonial modernity [1]. Racism is present in many aspects and areas of many people’s lives, and always constitutes the infringement and/or restriction of a right, including the right to be recognised as equal to others, the right to dignity, the right to access and/or exercise other rights such as PÀGINA 1 / 9 employment rights, the right to housing, the right to live with one’s family, and more. It is also an infringement of political and participatory rights, such as the right to vote and stand for elected office. Infringement of the political rights of the foreign population [2] Civil and political rights are fundamental rights, and therefore play a key role in the comprehensive personal development of the individual. They are also closely related to the development of a sense of belonging, of forming part of a political and social community, and have a political and transformative content, which, in turn, impacts on the individual’s willingness to involve themselves in collective activities. -
The DC Right to Housing Campaign Meetali Jain
Human Rights Brief Volume 17 | Issue 3 Article 2 2010 Bringing Human Rights Home: The DC Right to Housing Campaign Meetali Jain Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief Part of the Housing Law Commons, and the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Jain, Meetali. "Bringing Human Rights Home: The DC Right to Housing Campaign." Human Rights Brief 17, no.3 (2010): 10-14. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Rights Brief by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jain: Bringing Human Rights Home: The DC Right to Housing Campaign Bringing Human Rights Home: The DC Right to Housing Campaign by Meetali Jain* Housing is not simply about bricks and mortar, nor is it simply a financial asset. Housing includes a sense of community, trust and bonds built between neighbor- hoods over time; the schools which educate the child; and the businesses which the local economy and pro- vide needed goods and services. — Raquel Rolnik, UN Special Rapporteur on adequate housing1 he United Nations Centre for Human Settlements esti- mates that globally over one billion people live in inad- Tequate housing, with an excess of 100 million people liv- ing in conditions classified as homelessness. Here in the District of Columbia, a city with the widest income gap between rich and poor of any city in the country, we do not need to look further than our backyard to bear witness to the truth of these statistics.2 Washington, D.C. -
Indigenous Peoples' Right to Adequate Housing
Indigenous peoples’ right to adequate housing A global overview United Nations Housing Rights Programme Report No. 7 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Nairobi, 2005 This publication has been reproduced without formal editing by the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the United Nations, and a failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Excerpts from the text may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Cover design: Sukhjinder Bassan, UN-HABITAT. Cover photo credits: Miriam Lopez Villegas. Printing: UNON Printshop, Nairobi. UN-HABITAT Nairobi, 2005. HS/734/05E ISBN 92-1-131713-4 (printed version) ISBN 92-1-131522-0 (electronic version) ISBN 92-1-131664-2 (UNHRP report series, printed version) ISBN 92-1-131513-1 (UNHRP report series, electronic version) An electronic version of this publication is available for download from the UN-HABITAT web-site at (http://www.unhabitat.org/unhrp/pub). The electronic version – in compiled HTML format, allowing complex text searches – requires Microsoft Windows 98 or later; or Microsoft Windows 95 plus Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 4 or later). -
A Path to Housing Justice in California Facing History, Uprooting Inequality: a Path to Housing Justice in California
Facing History, Uprooting Inequality: A Path to Housing Justice in California Facing History, Uprooting Inequality: A Path to Housing Justice in California Amee Chew with Chione Lucina Muñoz Flegal About This Report This report was produced by PolicyLink with funding from the Melville Charitable Trust. Acknowledgments We are deeply grateful to our community partners who served We thank Michelle Huang at PolicyLink and the USC Equity on the Advisory Committee of this report, for their expertise, Research Institute for data analysis; Heather Tamir at PolicyLink guidance, and insights: for editorial support; Jacob Goolkasian for layout and design; Guadalupe Garcia for logistical support; and Kakuna Kerina for • Alexandra Suh and José Roberto Hernández, Koreatown thorough copyedits. Immigrant Workers Alliance • Anya Lawler and Alexander Harnden, Western Center on We are grateful to the Melville Charitable Trust for supporting Law and Poverty this project. • Ashley Werner, Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability • Camilo Sol Zamora and Cat Kung, Causa Justa :: Just Cause • Christina Livingston, Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment • Cynthia Strathmann, Strategic Actions for a Just Economy • D’Artagnan Scorza and Jelani Hendrix, Uplift Inglewood and Social Justice Learning Institute ©2020 PolicyLink. All rights reserved. • Deborah Thrope and Mariel Block, National Housing Law Project Cover, lower left: In 1963, hundreds of NAACP-CORE members • Jennifer Martinez, PICO California and supporters march in Torrance for fair -
Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human Rights of Older Persons
INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON PROTECTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON PROTECTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS PREAMBLE The States Parties to the present Convention, Recognizing that unqualified respect for human rights has been enshrined in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and reaffirmed in other international and regional instruments; Reiterating the intention of consolidating, within the framework of democratic institutions, a system of individual liberty and social justice founded upon respect for the fundamental rights of persons; Bearing in mind that, pursuant to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights, the ideal of a free human being, free from fear and poverty can only be achieved if conditions are created that enable each individual to enjoy their economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as their civil and political rights; Reaffirming that all human rights and fundamental freedoms are universal, indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated, as well as the obligation to eliminate all forms of discrimination, in particular, discrimination for reasons of age; Underscoring that older persons have the same human rights and fundamental freedoms as other persons and that those rights, including the right not to be subjected to age-based discrimination nor any form of violence, are rooted in the dignity and equality inherent in all human beings; Recognizing also that, as a -
Housing Policy: Exploring the Challenges, Opportunities, and Governmental Responses to America’S Housing Crisis a Federal Policy Primer
Housing Policy: Exploring the Challenges, Opportunities, and Governmental Responses to America’s Housing Crisis A Federal Policy Primer May 2020 SUMMIT STRATEGIES GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS 440 1ST STREET NW, STE 440 WASHINGTON DC 20001 WWW.SUMMITSTRATEGIES.US Supplemental Material: CARES Act Housing Provisions While the majority of this white paper examines the existing federal housing policy infrastructure, this section highlights the relevant housing policy provisions of the recently enacted Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The CARES Act is the most substantial fiscal stimulus in U.S history, providing more than $2 trillion to bolster the healthcare system, support households, backstop businesses, and alleviate budgetary issues for state and local governments. The measure includes supplemental funding for critical federal housing resources, such as the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program and various rental assistance programs. The package provides relief for renters and homeowners with federally backed loans through eviction protection, mortgage forbearance, and renter protections. The bill provides the CDBG program with an added $5 billion, approximately $1.6 billion more than the program received through FY2020 appropriations. The additional funding includes $2 billion for states and units of local governments that typically receive CDBG formula funding and $1 billion for state governments to support a coordinated response across entitlement and non-entitlement communities. The remaining $2 billion goes to states and units of local government based on the prevalence and risk of COVID-19 and related economic and housing disruption. Additionally, the legislation removes the cap on funds that a CDBG grantee can spend on public services. It also allows CDBG grantees to be reimbursed for COVID-19 response activities, regardless of when the costs occurred. -
Urbanization, Inequality, and Poverty in the People's Republic of China
ADBI Working Paper Series Urbanization, Inequality, and Poverty in the People’s Republic of China Yuan Zhang No. 584 July 2016 Asian Development Bank Institute Yuan Zhang is an assistant research fellow at the China Center for Economic Studies (CCES), Fudan University. His research fields include rural poverty and social capital. He also acts as editor of the World Economic Papers. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms. Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published. ADB recognizes China as the People’s Republic of China. The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. Suggested citation: Zhang, Y. 2016. Urbanization, Inequality, and Poverty in the People’s Republic of China. ADBI Working Paper 584. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: http://www.adb.org/publications/urbanization-inequality-and-poverty-prc/ Please contact the author for information about this paper. -
Guide for Developing Effective Gender-Responsive Support and Solutions for Women Experiencing Homelessness
Guide for developing effective gender-responsive support and solutions for women experiencing homelessness 1 Gender Lens: A Key Principle for Working with Women Women’s pathways into and experiences of homelessness differ from those of men. Growing international evidence demonstrates that there is a complex, gender-specific dimension to women’s homelessness and a gender lens needs to be applied to any strategy that aims to prevent and to end homelessness for women. Gender lens means acknowledging the specific challenges associated with gender and it should be part of any solution to women’s homelessness. Women’s Experiences Current definitions of homelessness exclude sible and that it captures the diversity of Hidden Homelessness significant numbers of homeless women, of homelessness and housing exclusion because women are less likely to sleep rough situations that women experience in all and more likely to rely on informal arrange- ETHOS2 categories and to make them vi- ments for accommodation than men. Many sible in research and policy. These should women do sleep rough but they are often not include women sleeping rough and staying in seen or counted as they are hiding or mo- emergency accommodation (rooflessness), ving at night for reasons of physical safety women staying in homeless hostels and in and to avoid harassment and violence. temporary accommodation, women using Women might also conceal their gender by DV shelters (houselessness), and also women Women rough dressing as men1. Because of factors such as who have no or restricted