DOCSLIB.ORG

Colour-Coded: a Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Colour-Coded: a Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950 Praise for Colour-Coded ‘From academic to layperson, this book is a must read. This elaborate, well-mapped analysis of the history of Canadian Colour- discriminatory legal (mal)practices and miscarriages of justice Coded: during the first half of the twentieth century provides a clear and insightful understanding of the continued and inherent A Legal strands of racism in the legal structures of Canada today.’ History TERRY PROVOST, Native Studies Review of Racism ‘If we want to break through the Canadian mythology of race- in Canada lessness and come to grips with the whole of our past, both the splendid and the rotten, we could do no better than open 1900–1950 Backhouse’s book.’ COLOUR-CODED MICHELE LANDSBERG, Toronto Star A Legal History ‘A look at a period in our history we would rather ignore, Colour- BACKHOUSE Coded explores issues of racism, feminism, and native rights of Racism in Canada, 1900–1950 that are current today … This is a very interesting and worth- while book for all Canadians.’ FRANKI ELLIOTT, Canadian Law Libraries ‘This book … will help to move Canadian understanding towards an acceptance of the fact that the conventional wisdom about “race” requires urgent revision.’ JAMES W. ST.G. WALKER, University of Toronto Quarterly ‘A disturbing yet entirely absorbing study.’ The Beaver Cover Illustration: Judge Begbie Holding Court, by George Southwell. Courtesy of B.C. Archives, B-06668 ISBN 978-0-8020-8286-2 THE ISBN 0-8020-8286-6 OSGOODE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS ,!7IA8A2-aicigc! SOCIETY www.utorontopress.com TORONTO CON STANCE B A CKHOUSE COLOUR-CODED A LEGAL HISTORY OF RACISM IN CANADA 1900–1950 Historically Canadians have considered themselves to be more or less free of racial prejudice. Although this perception has been challenged in recent years, it has not been completely dispelled. In Colour-Coded, Constance Backhouse illustrates the tenacious hold that white supremacy had on our legal system in the first half of this century, and underscores the damaging legacy of inequality that continues today. Backhouse presents detailed narratives of six court cases, each giving evidence of blatant racism created and enforced through law. The cases focus on Aboriginal, Inuit, Chinese-Canadian, and African-Canadian individuals, taking us from the criminal prosecution of traditional Abo- riginal dance to the trial of members of the ‘Ku Klux Klan of Kanada.’ From thousands of possibilities, Backhouse has selected studies that constitute central moments in the legal history of racism in Canada. Her selection also considers a wide range of legal forums, including adminis- trative rulings by municipal councils, criminal trials before police magis- trates, and criminal and civil cases heard by the highest courts in the provinces and by the Supreme Court of Canada. The extensive and detailed documentation presented here leaves no doubt that the Canadian legal system played a dominant role in creating and preserving racial discrimination. A central message of this book is that racism is deeply embedded in Canadian history despite Canada’s reputation as a raceless society. constance backhouse is Professor of Law at the University of Western Ontario and author of Petticoats and Prejudice: Women and Law in Nine- teenth-Century Canada. PATRONS OF THE SOCIETY Aird & Berlis Blake, Cassels & Graydon Davies, Ward & Beck Fasken Campbell Godfrey Fraser, Milner The Law Foundation of Ontario McCarthy Tétrault Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt Tory Tory DesLauriers & Binnington Weir & Foulds BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIETY Bastedo Stewart Smith Kathleen, John, and Stephen Risk The Society also thanks The Law Society of Upper Canada for its continuing support. COLOUR-CODED A Legal History of Racism in Canada 1900–1950 CONSTANCE BACKHOUSE Published for The Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History by University of Toronto Press Toronto Buffalo London © Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History 1999 www.utorontopress.com www.osgoodesociety.ca Printed in the U.S.A. Reprinted 2001, 2007, 2010, 2017 isbn 0-8020-4712-2 (cloth) isbn 0-8020-8286-6 (paper) Printed on acid-free paper Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Backhouse, Constance, 1952– Colour-coded : a legal history of racism in Canada, 1900–1950 Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8020-4712-2 (bound) isbn 0-8020-8286-6 (pbk.) 1. Race discrimination – Law and legislation – Canada – Cases. 2. Race discrimination – Law and legislation – Canada – History – 20th century. I. Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History. II. Title. ke4395.a7b32 1999 342.71’0873 c99-931104-2 kf4483.c58b32 1999 CC-BY-NC-ND This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivative License. For permission to publish commercial versions please contact University of Toronto Press. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support from the University of Toronto Libraries in making the open access version of this title available. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). Contents foreword vii acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Race Definition Run Amuck: ‘Slaying the Dragon of Eskimo Status’ in Re Eskimos, 1939 18 3 ‘Bedecked in Gaudy Feathers’: The Legal Prohibition of Aboriginal Dance: Wanduta’s Trial, Manitoba, 1903 56 4 ‘They Are a People Unacquainted with Subordination’ – First Nations’ Sovereignty Claims: Sero v Gault, Ontario, 1921 103 5 ‘Mesalliances’ and the ‘Menace to White Women’s Virtue’: Yee Clun’s Opposition to the White Women’s Labour Law, Saskatchewan, 1924 132 6 ‘It Will Be Quite an Object Lesson’: R. v Phillips and the Ku Klux Klan in Oakville, Ontario, 1930 173 7 ‘Bitterly Disappointed’ at the Spread of ‘Colour-Bar Tactics’: Viola Desmond’s Challenge to Racial Segregation, Nova Scotia, 1946 226 8 Conclusion 272 vi Contents notes 283 bibliography 433 picture credits 475 index 477 Publications of the Osgoode Society 487 Foreword THE OSGOODE SOCIETY FOR CANADIAN LEGAL HISTORY The purpose of The Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History is to encourage research and writing in the history of Canadian law. The Society, which was incorporated in 1979 and is registered as a charity, was founded at the initiative of the Honourable R. Roy McMurtry, a former attorney general for Ontario, now Chief Justice of Ontario, and officials of the Law Society of Upper Canada. Its efforts to stimulate the study of legal history in Canada include a research support program, a graduate student research assistance program, and work in the fields of oral history and legal archives. The Society publishes volumes of interest to the Society’s members that contribute to legal-historical scholarship in Canada, including studies of the courts, the judiciary and the legal profession, biographies, collections of documents, studies in criminology and penology, accounts of significant trials, and work in the social and economic history of the law. Current directors of The Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History are Jane Banfield, Tom Bastedo, Brian Bucknall, Archie Campbell, J. Douglas Ewart, Martin Friedland, Charles Harnick, John Honsberger, Kenneth Jarvis, Allen Linden, Virginia MacLean, Wendy Matheson, Colin McKinnon, Roy McMurtry, Brendan O’Brien, Peter Oliver, Paul Reinhardt, Joel Richler, James Spence, Harvey Strosberg, and Richard Tinsley. The annual report and information about membership may be ob- tained by writing The Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History, Osgoode Hall, 130 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario. M5H 2N6. viii Foreword In 1990 The Osgoode Society was delighted to publish Constance Backhouse’s first book, Petticoats and Prejudice, an important and innova- tive study of women and law in nineteenth-century Canada. Using a case-study method and presenting her material in a lively style which attracted a wide range of readers, Professor Backhouse won great ac- claim for her path-breaking scholarship in a relatively new field of his- torical inquiry. In Colour-Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900–1950, she maintains the same high standards as she continues to break new historiographical ground. Shifting her interest from gender to race, and maintaining her case-study approach, her mission in Colour-Coded is to capture the role played by the law in shaping the definition of race and shoring up racial repression and stereotypes. Professor Backhouse weaves a spell-binding storyline in her depiction of a series of court cases that focus on Aboriginal, Inuit, Chinese-Canadian, and African-Canadian individuals. From the criminal prosecution of traditional Aboriginal dance, to the trial of members of the “Ku Klux Klan of Kanada,” Backhouse demonstrates the deep and abiding legacy of racism that suffused Cana- dian legal structures and society. R. Roy McMurtry President Peter N. Oliver Editor-in-Chief Acknowledgments Colour-Coded grew out of work that was intended to produce a sequel to my first book of legal history, Petticoats and Prejudice: Women and Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada, published in 1991.1 My initial plan was to examine the intersection of gender and law across the first half of the twentieth century. As I embarked upon Colour-Coded I was committed to improving upon the research methodology I had used for Petticoats. One of the shortcomings of that book is its failure to interrogate fully how gender relates to race in historical terms. In an effort to prevent this happening again, I commenced my research by attempting to compile and analyse all the racialized cases and statutes in Canada that arose between 1900 and 1950. Almost immediately, it became abundantly clear that ‘race’ is a com- plex and variable historical construct. For example, the situation of Abo- riginal peoples is not uniform across the diversity of nations. The situation of Asian Canadians differs from that of the First Nations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • John Beddoe, M.D., Ll.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S
    Obituary JOHN BEDDOE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. It was oniy m our last volume ^1910, page 359; mat we gave a review of Dr. Beddoe's life as gathered from his own Memories of Eighty Years (Arrowsmith). He is no longer able to write his own biography, but who could write this better than himself in the life-story he has given us ? It becomes our duty to record our appreciation of the work he has done during his eighty-four years, and to express our regret that the record is now closed. He has been called a veteran British anthropo- logist, and as such his reputation is world-wide as an erudite writer and a brilliant authority on all questions of ethnology and anthropology. But it is more particularly as a physician, and his work in the medical field, to which we would now refer. He was Physician to the Bristol Royal Infirmary from 1862 to 1873, when he resigned his office in order that he might have more leisure for his favourite scientific pursuits. For many years he was one of the leading physicians of the district, and it was a cause of great regret to a large circle of medical and other friends and patients when he retired from his work here and made his home at Bradford-on-Avon, where he died on July 19th, his funeral taking place at Edinburgh on July 22nd,. 1911. He held several other medical appointments in Bristol. The Hospital for Sick Women and Children, the Dispensary in Castle Green, and many other institutions claimed him from time to time as physician or consulting physician, and he was.
    [Show full text]
  • Eugenics & Making of Post-Classical Economics
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book Jepson School of Leadership Studies chapters and other publications 2003 Denying Human Homogeneity: Eugenics & Making of Post-Classical Economics Sandra J. Peart University of Richmond, [email protected] David M. Levy Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/jepson-faculty-publications Part of the Behavioral Economics Commons, and the Economic History Commons Recommended Citation Peart, Sandra J., and David M. Levy. "Denying Human Homogeneity: Eugenics & The akM ing of Post-Classical Economics." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 25, no. 03 (2003): 261-88. doi:10.1080/1042771032000114728. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jepson School of Leadership Studies at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, Volume 25, Number 3, September 2003 DENYING HUMAN HOMOGENEITY: EUGENICS & THE MAKING OF POST- CLASSICAL ECONOMICS BY SANDRA J. PEART AND DAVID M. LEVY I believe that now and always the conscious selection of the best for reproduction will be impossible; that to propose it is to display a fundamental misunderstand- ing of what individuality implies. The way of nature has always been to slay the hindmost, and there is still no other way, unless we can prevent those who would become the hindmost being born. It is in the sterilization of failures, and not in the selection of successes for breeding, that the possibility of an improvement of the human stock lies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chun Independent Committee Report
    REPORT of the Independent Inquiry Commissioned by the Canadian Association of University Teachers into Alleged Discrimination against Dr. Kin-Yip Chun at the University of Toronto Constance Backhouse Philip W. Anderson William Black december 2006 Report of the Independent Inquiry into Alleged Discrimination Against Dr. Kin-Yip Chun About the Members of the Committee Professor Constance Backhouse, B.A., LL.B., LL.M. LL.D. (hon.), F.R.S.C. holds the positions of Distinguished University Professor and University Research Chair at the Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa. She teaches in the areas of criminal law, human rights, legal history and women and the law. In 1999, she received the Bora Laskin Human Rights Fellowship. In 2006, she was awarded the Jules and Gabrielle Léger Fellowship, and was named a Trudeau Fellow. She has published a number of books on legal history, including Colour- Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999), which was awarded the 2002 Joseph Brant Award. Her Petticoats and Prejudice: Women and the Law in Nineteenth-Century Canada (Toronto: Women’s Press, 1991) was awarded the 1992 Willard Hurst Prize in American Legal History by the Law and Society Association. William Black is Professor Emeritus at the Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia. He specializes in constitutional law and human rights law. In 1999 to 2000, he was a member of the Canadian Human Rights Act Review Panel, appointed by the federal Minister of Justice. In 1994, he was a special advisor to the B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Redress Movements in Canada
    Editor: Marlene Epp, Conrad Grebel University College University of Waterloo Series Advisory Committee: Laura Madokoro, McGill University Jordan Stanger-Ross, University of Victoria Sylvie Taschereau, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Copyright © the Canadian Historical Association Ottawa, 2018 Published by the Canadian Historical Association with the support of the Department of Canadian Heritage, Government of Canada ISSN: 2292-7441 (print) ISSN: 2292-745X (online) ISBN: 978-0-88798-296-5 Travis Tomchuk is the Curator of Canadian Human Rights History at the Canadian Museum for Human Rights, and holds a PhD from Queen’s University. Jodi Giesbrecht is the Manager of Research & Curation at the Canadian Museum for Human Rights, and holds a PhD from the University of Toronto. Cover image: Japanese Canadian redress rally at Parliament Hill, 1988. Photographer: Gordon King. Credit: Nikkei National Museum 2010.32.124. REDRESS MOVEMENTS IN CANADA Travis Tomchuk & Jodi Giesbrecht Canadian Museum for Human Rights All rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, in any form or by any electronic ormechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the Canadian Historical Association. Ottawa, 2018 The Canadian Historical Association Immigration And Ethnicity In Canada Series Booklet No. 37 Introduction he past few decades have witnessed a substantial outpouring of Tapologies, statements of regret and recognition, commemorative gestures, compensation, and related measures
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration, Immigrants, and the Rights of Canadian Citizens in Historical Perspective Bangarth, Stephanie D
    Document généré le 30 sept. 2021 19:58 International Journal of Canadian Studies Revue internationale d’études canadiennes Immigration, Immigrants, and the Rights of Canadian Citizens in Historical Perspective Bangarth, Stephanie D. Voices Raised in Protest: Defending Citizens of Japanese Ancestry in North America, 1942–49. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2008 Caccia, Ivana. Managing the Canadian Mosaic in Wartime: Shaping Citizenship Policy, 1939–1945. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2010 Champion, C.P. The Strange Demise of British Canada: The Liberals and Canadian Nationalism, 1964–68. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2010 Iacovetta, Franca. Gatekeepers: Reshaping Immigrant Lives in Cold War Canada. Toronto: Between the Lines, 2006 Kaprielian-Churchill, Isabel. Like Our Mountains: A History of Armenians in Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005 Lambertson, Ross. Repression and Resistance: Canadian Human Rights Activists, 1930–1960. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005 MacLennan, Christopher. Toward the Charter: Canadians and the Demand for a National Bill of Rights, 1929–1960. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2004 Roy, Patricia E. The Triumph of Citizenship: The Japanese and Chinese in Canada, 1941–67. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2008 Christopher G. Anderson Miscellaneous: International Perspectives on Canada En vrac : perspectives internationales sur le Canada Numéro 43, 2011 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1009461ar DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1009461ar Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) Conseil international d’études canadiennes ISSN 1180-3991 (imprimé) 1923-5291 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Anderson, C. G. (2011). Immigration, Immigrants, and the Rights of Canadian Citizens in Historical Perspective / Bangarth, Stephanie D.
    [Show full text]
  • "I Did Not Get That Job Because of a Black Man...": the Story Lines and Testimonies of Color- Blind Racism Author(S): Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Amanda Lewis and David G
    "I Did Not Get That Job Because of a Black Man...": The Story Lines and Testimonies of Color- Blind Racism Author(s): Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Amanda Lewis and David G. Embrick Source: Sociological Forum, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Dec., 2004), pp. 555-581 Published by: Springer Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4148829 . Accessed: 01/08/2014 17:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Sociological Forum. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 152.2.176.242 on Fri, 1 Aug 2014 17:53:41 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Sociological Forum, Vol. 19, No. 4, December 2004 (? 2004) DOI: 10.1007/s11206-004-0696-3 "I Did Not Get that Job Because of a Black Man...": The Story Lines and Testimonies of Color-BlindRacism Eduardo Bonilla-Silva,1,4 Amanda Lewis,2,3and David G. Embrick' In this paper we discuss the dominant racial stories that accompany color- blind racism, the dominant post-civil rights racial ideology, and asses their ideological role. Using interview datafrom the 1997Survey of College Students Social Attitudes and the 1998 Detroit Area Study, we document the prevalence of four story lines and two types of testimonies among whites.
    [Show full text]
  • A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950, Radio Free Dixie
    1080 ALBERTA LAW REVIEW VOL. 38(4) 2001 RACING THE NATION Colour-Coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950, Constance Backhouse (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999) Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams & the Roots of Black Power, Timothy B. Tyson (Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press, 1999) Stirrings in the Jug: Black Politics in the Post-Segregation Era, Adolph Reed, Jr. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999) In the United States few would argue that race is not a central divide, cutting through almost all aspects of social, economic, and cultural life, and drawing a line in the political sand of civil society. For Canadians, the realities of race have, supposedly, been more obscured. These realities are hidden in histories that mythologize marginalization and that wash partially clean the blood-stained record of violence long waged against those marked by the arbitrary, historically-contextualized codes of racialized 'colour': white vs non­ white. Yet race, for all its mysticized social construction, is increasingly recognized as a 2001 CanLIIDocs 164 potent factor in Canada's past, precisely because it is a troubling 'problem' in our present. "Racing the nation" means acknowledging the powerful continuities, not in the pseudo­ scientific biological distinctions of census-taking and physiological difference, but in the historically-embedded racisms that have articulated whiteness as power, and the practices that flow from this, segmenting society in diverse ways. The disparate subterranean streams that flow from this process have fed, over the centuries, a common well of racism. Out of this well institutions and individuals have quenched their thirst for order, progress, and democracy in poisonous, if often unappreciated, rationalizations of brutalizing inequality.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Accounts of the Province of Ontario for the Year Ended March
    PUBLIC ACCOUNTS, 1995-96 33 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS Hon. Noble Villeneuve, Minister Hon. Elmer Buchanan, Minister DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE Voted Salaries and Wages ($81,508,038) jmporary Help Services ($1,043,045): Management Board Secretariat, 947,087; Legislative Assembly, 60,238; Accounts under $50,000—35,720. lyments to Other Ministries ($59,919): Accounts under $50,000—59,919. ;ss: Recoveries from Other Ministries ($365,326): Environment and Energy, 365,326. Employee Benefits ($13,158,626) lyments for: Canada Pension Plan, 1,574,099; Dental Plan, 930,612; Employer Health Tax, 1,632,425; Group Life Insurance, 168,215; Long Term Income Protection, 972,131; Ontario Public Service Employees' Union Pension Fund/Public Service Pension Fund, 1,754,418; Supplementary Health and Hospital Plan, 1,017,613; Unemployment Insurance, 2,873,853. ther Benefits: Attendance Gratuities, 120,204; Death Benefits, 3,195; Early Retirement Incentive, 110,432; Maternity/Parental/Adoption Leave Allowances, 546,162; Severance Pay, 972,478; Miscellaneous Benefits, 40,295. orkers' Compensation Board, 352,958. lyments to Other Ministries ($89,536): Management Board Secretariat, 75,310; Accounts under $50,000— 14,226. Travelling Expenses ($4,064,025) on. Noble Villeneuve, 11,194; Hon. Elmer Buchanan, 592; K. Knox, 6,820; R. Burak, 528; D.K. Alles, 10,977; P.M. Angus, 10,276; D. Beattie, 18,535; D.A. Bierworth, 11,123; J.R. Bird, 13,998; J.L. dishing, 16,451; J.R. Dalrymple, 10,621; P. Dick, 12,242; EJ. Dickson, 17,477; R.E. Forrest, 13,487; R. Fortin, 13,215; JJ.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 Emigration & Homesteading in Alberta
    Chapter 5 Emigration & homesteading in Alberta Why would a young family leave beautiful green England for a relatively desolate plain in the middle of nowhere? “Why” is fairly clear. The economic realities of England at the turn of the century can be researched thoroughly by anyone who can read Wikipedia and operate a mouse or track pad. The consolidation of grain mills into larger factories in the late 19th century must have put an end to any of Grampa and Gramma’s dreams for the “good life” in their homeland. This economic reality had converged with the lure of the military, resulting in Grampa going off to fight in the Boer war. Add to that the great interest in the Klondike Gold Rush amongst Britons, which spawned Grampa’s epic trip to Vancouver, ended with his being Shanghaied out of Tacoma and released 6 months later in Ireland. The most significant “push” toward emigration, however, was the large effort being made by Canada to attract British families to develop farming land in Saskatchewan and Alberta at the end of the 19th century. In 2012, during a visit with John (our eldest cousin), in Red Deer AB, he made reference to a comment from Grampa saying that he came to Canada with “Lloyd”. At that point, I had no idea who Lloyd was, but it opened up a whole new area of interest for me. Enter George Exton Lloyd (later Bishop of Saskatchewan). In 1900 he returned to England from a trip to Saskatchewan. In 1902, he wrote a letter to The Times (of London) proposing Western Canada as a good destination for emigration, and he received thousands of replies.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Nunamiut Eskimo and Mammals of the Anaktuvuk Pass Region, Brooks Range, Alaska
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 12-1951 Notes on the Nunamiut Eskimo and Mammals of the Anaktuvuk Pass Region, Brooks Range, Alaska Robert L. Rausch University of Washington, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Rausch, Robert L., "Notes on the Nunamiut Eskimo and Mammals of the Anaktuvuk Pass Region, Brooks Range, Alaska" (1951). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 502. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/502 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Rausch in ARCTIC (December 1951) 4(3). Copyright 1951, Arctic Institute of North America. Used by permission. Fig. 1. Paneak, a Nunamiut man. Rausch in ARCTIC (December 1951) 4(3). Copyright 1951, Arctic Institute of North America. Used by permission. NOTES ON THE NUNAMIUT ESKIMO AND MAMMALS OF THE ANAKTUVUK PASS REGION, BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA Robert Rausch* HE Brooks Range, in northern Alaska, is biologically one of the least-kn.own Tregions in North America. It has been during the last few years only that the use of light aircraft has made effective travel here possible. Since April 1949, 1 have made field observations in the Anaktuvuk Pass country, in the central part of the range; this work, the investigation of animal-born~ disease, has necessitated a thorough study of the indigenous mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • MG463 – Helen Evans Reid Fonds
    MG463 – Helen Evans Reid fonds Dates: [196-]-1988 (inclusive) ; 1963-1969 (predominant). Extent: 28 cm of textual records ; 36 photographs ; 6 audio reels Biography: Dr. Helen Evans Reid, former Head of the Medical Publications Department of the Hospital for Sick children in Toronto, is the author of All Silent, All Damned: The Search for Isaac Barr (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1969. Shortt FE 3242.9 B37R45 1969). Reid spent six years and travelled to various countries to carry out her research on Isaac Montgomery Barr. Although and Anglican minister, Barr, working under the auspices of both the British and Canadian governments, organized a colony of middle class British immigrants to settle in the Lloydminster area. Barr was responsible for all arrangements including transportation, sleeping accommodations, the allotment of homesteads and the supply of foods, equipment, livestock and other homestead items. Since Barr lacked administrative skills, he was blamed for many of the colony’s problems. In fact, he was even accused of absconding with the immigrant’s funds. Reid challenges this negative interpretation of Barr in her sympathetic biography. She portrays Barr as a man with “a vision”. Custodial History: In April – May 1988 Reid decided to deposit her research material in the University of Saskatchewan Library, Special Collections. Scope and Content: The types of materials that Reid gathered to support her thesis are noted in her acknowledgments. She states: “Since the memory of the elderly is keen but capricious and recall tends to telescope time, I have relied, with one notable exception, on personal accounts for opinions, descriptions and anecdotes only.
    [Show full text]
  • Gr.9 Nunavut-Final
    GRADE 9 SOCIAL STUDIES & CIVICS NUNAVUT Part 1 The Land Claim Part 2 The Government GRADE 9 SOCIAL STUDIES & CIVICS NUNAVUT WRITTEN & EDITED BY NICK NEWBERY Publication of this unit was made possible by funding from the Qikiqtaaluk Corporation P.O.Box 1228, Iqaluit, Nunavut XOA OHO Copyright by Nick Newbery, Qikiqtaaluk Corporation & GN Dept. of Education Iqaluit, Nunavut XOA OHO All rights reserved Printed in Canada ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Arctic College Nunatta Campus: Unit on Nunavut Jim Bell: Nunatsiaq News Canadian Geographic Magazine Map of 3 National Parks Miro Cernetig: The Globe & Mail Department of Indian & Northern Affairs: Film: Changing the Map of Canada Gage Publishing: Indians, Inuit & Metis Government of Nunavut : Film: Nunavut Kanatami: Creation of a New Territory Hancock House Publishers: Eskimo Life Yesterday Inuit Broadcasting Corporation: Film: The Signing of the Nunavut Land Claim Agreement Gordon Mackay: GN Dept. of Sustainable Development Gavin Nesbitt Nunavut Implementation Commission Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. Map: Inuit Owned Lands Nunavut Land Claim Agreement Office of the Clerk of the Legislative Assembly Sutton Boys’ School: Inuit, Learning Through Action Whit Fraser Productions Teacher Reference This ready-to-photocopy unit attempts to outline the theme of Nunavut for Grade 9 ESL students in two parts: (i) The Land Claim and (ii) The Government. It can be seen as self-contained or as a starter kit for teachers wishing to go further. The project tries to provide opportunities for reading, writing, research & discussion coupled with regular review exercises. Some suggestions: 1. Comprehension: -teacher to read passage twice, explain text -do exercises orally then written -same procedure next day, students reading -assign as homework -test next day 2.
    [Show full text]