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Tree Diseases of Eastern Canada

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Tree Diseases of Eastern Canada TREE DISEASES OF EASTERN CANADA Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada TREE DISEASES OF EASTERN CANADA Editor D.T. Myren Associate Editors G. Laflamme, P. Singh, L.P. Magasi, and D. Lachance Published by Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Ottawa, 1994 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994 Catalogue No. Fo42-186/1994E ISBN 0-660-14936-2 Permission to reproduce the photographs in this publication must be obtained in writing from the Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa. Notes: 1. Tree Diseases of Canada, previously available as a priced publication through Public Works and Government Services Canada, is out-of-print. A copy of this electronic version may be downloaded free of charge. 2. Forestry Canada is now called the Canadian Forest Service and is part of the federal department Natural Resources Canada. This publication was written before this change came into effect. Production: Paula Irving Text editor: Marla Sheffer Cover design: Steven Blakeney Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre Maladies des arbres de l’est du Canada Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Tree diseases of eastern Canada Issued also in French under title: Maladies des arbres de l’est du Canada. ISBN 0-660-14936-2 DSS cat. no. Fo42-186/1994E 1. Trees — Diseases and pests — Canada, Eastern. 2. Plant diseases — Canada, Eastern. I. Myren, D.T. II. Laflamme, G. III. Canada. Forestry Canada. Science and Sustainable Development Directorate. SB605.C3T73 1994 634.9’6’0971 C93-099563-5 Printed on Printed on alkaline recycled paper permanent paper PRINTED IN CANADA Plate 25B Plate 67B TREE Cover: Plate 25B. Davisomycella ampla (J. Davis) Darker. Eastern Plate 67B. Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer. DISEASES white pine Plate 74A. Armillaria mellea complex. Plate 47C. Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet. OF Plate 74A Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). EASTERN CANADA Plate 47C Contents Contributors ................................................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgments ...........................................................................................................................................ix Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Causal Agents of Tree Diseases .................................................................................................................... 2 Collection of Disease Specimens .................................................................................................................. 4 Diseases of Leaves and Needles 1. Anthracnose Apiognomonia errabunda (Roberge) Höhnel .......................................................................................... 6 2. Cytospora dieback Valsa friesii (Duby) Fuckel ....................................................................................................................... 8 3. Red band needle blight Mycosphaerella pini Rostrup .................................................................................................................. 9 4. Brown spot needle blight Mycosphaerella dearnessii Barr ............................................................................................................ 11 5. Tip blight of conifers Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr. : Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton .................................................................................. 12 6. Shoot blight of aspen Venturia macularis (Fr. : Fr.) E. Müller & v. Arx....................................................................................... 14 7. Needle blight Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii Bubák .............................................................................................................. 15 8. Leaf blister Taphrina caerulescens (Desm. & Mont.) Tul. ......................................................................................... 16 9. Leaf blotch Guignardia aesculi (Peck) V.B. Stewart ................................................................................................. 17 10. Ash leaf rust Puccinia sparganioides Ell. & Barth. ..................................................................................................... 18 11. Conifer-aspen rust Melampsora medusae Thüm. ............................................................................................................... 20 12. Leaf spot Stegophora ulmea (Schwein. : Fr.) H. Sydow & Sydow ........................................................................ 21 13. Leaf spot Septoria aceris (Lib.) Berk. & Broome ................................................................................................... 22 14. Leaf spot Phyllosticta minima (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Underw. & Earle ................................................................... 23 15. Tar spot Rhytisma acerinum (Pers. : Fr.) Fr. ........................................................................................................ 25 iv Contents 16. Oak leaf spot Tubakia dryina (Sacc.) B. Sutton ........................................................................................................... 26 17. Ink spot Ciborinia whetzelii (Seaver) Seaver ....................................................................................................... 27 18. Marssonina leaf spot Marssonina populi (Lib.) Magnus .......................................................................................................... 29 19. Leaf spot on poplar Phaeoramularia maculicola (Romell & Sacc.) B. Sutton ....................................................................... 31 20. Rhabdocline needle cast Rhabdocline pseudotsugae H. Sydow ................................................................................................. 32 21. Needle cast Isthmiella faullii (Darker) Darker ............................................................................................................ 33 22. Needle cast Lirula nervata (Darker) Darker ............................................................................................................... 34 23. Larch needle cast Hypodermella laricis Tubeuf ................................................................................................................. 36 24. Needle cast Cyclaneusma minus (Butin) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter ...................................................................... 37 25. Tar spot needle cast Davisomycella ampla (J. Davis) Darker ................................................................................................. 38 26. Needle cast of pine Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar ............................................................................... 39 27. Fir broom rust Melampsorella caryophyllacearum Schröter ........................................................................................ 41 28. Witches’-broom of blueberry Pucciniastrum goeppertianum (Kühn) Kleb. ......................................................................................... 42 29. Mountain-ash–juniper rust Gymnosporangium cornutum Arthur ex Kern ....................................................................................... 44 30. Cedar–apple rust Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Schwein. ................................................................................ 46 31. Pine needle rust Coleosporium asterum (Dietel) H. Sydow & Sydow ............................................................................. 48 32. Spruce broom rust Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Dietel .......................................................................................................... 50 33. Spruce needle rust Chrysomyxa ledi (Alb. & Schwein.) de Bary and Chrysomyxa ledicola (Peck) Lagerh.......................... 52 34. Powdery mildew Uncinula adunca (Wallr. : Fr.) Lév. ......................................................................................................... 54 35. Apple scab Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter ....................................................................................................... 55 36. Willow scab and black canker of willow Venturia saliciperda Nüesch and Glomerella miyabeana (Fukushi) v. Arx ............................................ 57 Contents v 37. Snow blight Phacidium abietis (Dearn.) J. Reid & Cain ............................................................................................ 58 38. Sooty mold Catenuloxyphium semiovatum (Berk. & Broome) Hughes .................................................................... 60 Diseases of Stems and Branches 39. Godronia canker Godronia cassandrae Peck f. sp. betulicola Groves ............................................................................. 62 40. Scoleconectria canker and dieback Scoleconectria cucurbitula (Tode : Fr.) C. Booth .................................................................................. 63 41. Nectria dieback Nectria cinnabarina (Tode : Fr.) Fr. ........................................................................................................ 65 42. Nectria canker Nectria galligena Bresad. ...................................................................................................................... 66 43. Shoot blight Gremmeniella laricina (Ettl.) Petrini et al. .............................................................................................
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