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United States Federal Collection (IA 0402TYPO).Pdf i ' TiONDON: VTYMAN AND SONS, PRINTEilS, GBEAT QUEEN STRKKT, rjNCOLN'S-INN F1E1J>S, W.C, PREFACE. — |T the time this Handbook was originally planned and announced, no modern practical work on Printing-Machines or Machine-Printing existed. It w^as at first intended that the subject of Machine-Printing only should be treated of, but, after con- sideration, it was decided to include descriptions of the details and principal points of construction of all classes of typographic printing-machines. When an apprentice is first put to machine, from press, it is as necessary that he should be acquainted with the mechanical movements of a machine, as to know how to patch a sheet or overlay a cut ; for a workman who has studied the construction of the machine which he has been trusted to manage will seldom, if ever, be without resources should an unforeseen difficulty arise. In the following pages, therefore, the different working parts and peculiar merits of bookwork and newspaper machines have been briefly described and illustrated by diagrams. In treating of those matters which relate to the general management of machines, this manual does not pretend to teach a trade w^hich can be acquired only by practical experience ; it simply gives the general principles of Making Ready, which it is hoped will prove useful to the inexperi- enced, and points out the peculiarities of the machinery employed. Many workmen are trained in offices where but one or two machines are in use, and these perhaps vi PRINTING-MACHINES AND MACHINE-PRINTING. of the old-fashioned kind ; they may, therefore, have lacked the opportunity of becoming acquainted with more modern and perfect inventions. To such, the following pages, in giving an idea of the improvements that have been intro- duced, will be of especial interest. The work for which each class of machine is suited having been generally indicated, this Handbook may be useful as a guide to intending purchasers, who, however, will of course form their own opinion of the workmanship and the comparative merits of rival machines. The important subject of Motive Power could not be treatise like accordingly there omitted in a the present ; will be found a short account of the various forms of steam and gas engines and other motors now employed in the printing business. A few remarks have also been offered upon the management and economy of the Warehouse, and the names and descriptions of various approved appliances mostly in use in that important department of a printing- office have been given. To the Editor of the Printing Times and Lithographer^— in which publication much of the matter contained in these pages originally appeared,—the author must acknowledge his indebtedness for valuable assistance throughout the progress of this work, which was begun at his instigation and has been sought to be carried out in accordance with his suggestions. VV. F. J. R London : December^ i879' — — — — — —: CONTENTS. <>• I. —INVENTION OF THE PRINTING-MACHINE- MAKING READY. Pa CHAPTER I. —Introductory—The want of a Treatise on Letter- press Machinery—Distinction between a machine and a hand-press —Platen machines—Cyhnder machines— Rotary machines CHAPTER II.— Invention of the printing-machine—Explanation of Nicholson's arrangement—Koenig's single-cylinder machine— Its construction — Kcenig's double cylinder — Donkin and Bacon's invention for printing from the rotating prism— Cowper's single- cylinder machine for printing from curved plates—Description of Cowper's double-cylinder machine—Inking arrangements—Apple- gath and Cowper's machines CHAPTER HI. — Prevalent ignorance of the principles of machinery amongst machine-minders—Qualifications necessary to a news- paper printer — Difference between newspaper and bookwork printing. Machiiie-Boys : their proper management and treat- ment— Boys and spoilage of work— Supplying boys with working clothes. — Safe disposal of rags and paper—Cause of spontaneous combustion CHAPTER IV. Making eeady a Form : General principles ex- plained—Prevalent mistaken ideas in connection with this subject —The difference between impression at press and machine- Overlaying and underlaying. Preparing the Machine : Necessity of proper lubrication —The proper way to fix the packing — Cleaning the coffin. — Z*-^^ Cylinder : the calico fining—Securing the same— Cylinder sheets the foundation for the making ready Proper method for putting same on the cylinder. The Blanket its selection for different kinds of work —Stretching same on the cyhnder— Defects caused in printing through the blanket being insecurely fastened and loosely stretched. Movable Forms : Why underlaying is not required. —The underlaying of cuts and proper material for same—Treatment of high wood-cuts CHAPTER V. — Underlaying: Inequafities of stereo and electro plates —The " pitch " for ensuring correct lay— Centreing the form — Proper fixing of the chase in the coffin— Probable accidents arising from using unsound furniture— Precautions to be taken prior to puUing the first impression—How to pull the first impres- — — — — —— viii PRINTING-MACHINES AND MACHINE-PRINTING CHAPTER N.—conti7itied. Page sion—Caution necessary in doing same—Raising of low pages Importance of careful under-laying—Dipping of the blanket and its prevention—How to decide the amount of underlay required —Securing the underlay to the plates. —Catches and their proper treatment—Cause of the prevalent destruction of bevels on plates —How to cut and trim the Vibrator. — Wavers ahd /n^ers : Their trimming and treatment—The roller-bearers—Their use—How to the packing for same—Cylinder-bearers and their properly secure "— packing—Instructions for running up colour or "inking up Precautions necessary before doing same — Pulling sheet for " register. Making register : Register racks, or tappetts," and their use—General causes of bad register and their prevention 19 CHAPTER '^1— Overlaying : Cutting the overlay for engravings- Pulling proofs for same— General instructions —The India proof Overlay for Anglo-French and platen machines—Influence of the blanket upon the impression. — How to cut the overlay —Defects in electros and how to remedy them—Proper treatment of wood- cuts— Pulling an impression of a form with and without cuts Pulling an impression on the cylinder—Cleaning the plates "Picks"—Patching overlays for type— Pasting the overlays on the cyUnder— "Inking up " —Setting the ductor—The final patch- ing—Mistaken ideas as to making ready = 26 CHAPTER VTI. ^Rollers—Importance of proper rollers—Effects of temperature upon ordinary composition— Proper condition of the roller— Treatment in hot and cold temperature—Desirability of duplicate sets—How to properly wash rollers —Influence of ink upon the composition —The patent composition and its proper treatment — Roller stocks. How to ascertain the working con- dition of the roller—On the duration of roller composition—Roller wheels—Their destruction and precautions for prevention—Roller racks— Riders and their use—How to properly secure same Monks and Friars—Their cause and prevention 33 CHAPTER VYW. — Miscellaneous Hints and Directions: On the choice of blanket — Indiarubber blanket— Paper and its proper condition — Prejudicial ingredients—The wetting of paper—Preven- tion of creasing— "Turning"—Rolled paper and its advantages —Rough and smooth surfaces — American glazed paper. — Set- off: the necessity of set-ofl" paper—Endless sheets on the cylinder machine, and directions for fitting apparatus for their use — Dura- tion of set-off sheets— Oiled set-off paper—^Set-off sheets for the Anglo-French machine—Suitable quality for ditto—Set-cff sheets for single-cylinder machines —On Stopping the machine while at work —Dirty tapes and their renewal— Necessity for careful lubri- cation— Cleanliness— " Picks," how caused 38 —— — CONTENTS. IX PART II. PRINCIPLES OF PRINTING-MACHINE CONSTRUCTION. PERFECTING AND PLATEN MACHINES. Page CHAPTER IX.—Order of treatment of the subject—the Platen Machine, and its distinctive features —Class of work for which it is specially suited—Advantages and disadvantages of this machine —Capacity and dimensions—^Arrangement of its working parts— The grooved drum and shde and their action— Platen head and beam — Frisket and tympan — Inking apparatus — Method of working—On covering the tympan and frisket— Centreing the form —Arrangement of the tympan 2,x\6.iT\^V^X..—Making 7-eady—Ad- justment of the impression — General precautions—Prevention of creasing — Side and bottom marks —Avoidance of set-off- Proper method of driving 44 CHAPTER X.—m " Napier " Platen—Advantages—Capacity and dimensions — Speed— Arrangement of the working parts The grooved drum—The platen-head and its motion—The knuckle- joint as the means of impression— Inking apparatus— Improved method for distribution — Impression—Method of working- Rollers and their treatment.— 7"/^^ AJiu" Platen for endless paper — Its invention — Arrangement of the working parts Making ready-Inking apparatus—Capacity and speed—Amount of power required for driving purposes 53 CHAPTER XI. The ordinary Perfecting Machine.— Advan- tages—Varieties—Peculiarities of the Web, Drop-bar, and Gripper —Capacity and speed—Arrangement of the working parts—The cylinders, tables, &c. —The working of the upright spindle and rack — Parallel motion—Broad and narrow racks— Rack ends—^Inter- mediate and register drums — Travel of the sheet while print- ing—Taping the machine—Dryden and Foord's extra fast machine —Its distinctive features — Method of working — Inking up Ductor
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